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by W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE
Title: ABYDOS Author: W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE Language: English Subject: Fiction, Literature 'LJLWDOPublisher: World Public Library Association
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W'MF'P.
AB Y DOS
PAET
II.
1903
BY
W.
M.
FLINDERS PETRIE
II
MEMBER OF THE IMPEKIAI. GERMAN ARC AEOLOGICAL 1NSTIT1 CI CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE BOCIBTS OF ANTHROPOLOGY, BERLIN; MEMBER OK THE ROMAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQV ARI J
With a Chapter by
F.
Ll.
GRIFFITH,
M.A.,
F.S.A.
TWENTY-FOURTH MEMOIR OF
LONDON
SOLD AT
The
37,
Cheat
Russell
Street,
W.C
bt
Dbtbb* Ho.se,
43,
B.
QUAEITCH,
and
1903
Fww
Arts-
T)T
51
LONDON
PRINTBD BY GILBERT AND IUVINGTON, LIMITED,
ST.
E.C.
SIR
JOHN EVANS,
K.C.B., D.O.L.,
DL.D.,
F.R.S., V.P.S.A.
IPicc^ipresiocnta.
LL.D.
General Lord Grenfell, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. The Rev. Prof. A. H. Sayce, M.A., LL.D. The Hon. Chas. L. Hutchinson (U.S.A.).
M. Charles Hentsch
(Switzerland).
1boii.
(Treasurers.
(Boston, U.S.A.
1bcm. Secretary.
J.
S.
Members
H. Somers Claeke, Esq., F.S.A. W. E. Crum, Esq., M.A.
T.
of
Committee.
A. S.
Wm.
Emanuel M. Underdown, Esq., K.C E. Towry Whyte, Esq., F.S.A. Major-General Sir Charles W. Wilson.
K.C.B., K.C M.G., F.R.S.
Mrs. McClure.
M A.
CONTENTS OF PART
II.
CONTENTS
SECT.
PAGE
PI.
SECT.
PAGE
49. Sealings.
xvi
31
61.
Pottery
Pis.
of
Vlth Xllth
Dynasties.
50. Inscriptions,
PI.
Vth
.
Vlth
PL xxi
.
Dynasties
31
xlv-xlvi
39
xvii-xx
51.
Objects of Pepy.
tools,
32
PI.
CHAPTER
The
Bv
V.
52. Copper
xxii
53. Inscriptions,
xxiii-v
.... ....
Vlth
Dynasty.
Inscriptions.
Xlth
Dynasty.
Pis.
33
Pis.
54. Inscriptions,
Xllth
Dynasty.
62 The 63 The
sealings
decrees
xxvi-xxix
55. Inscriptions,
Pis.
33
....
.
41
41
42
43
XHIth
PL
Dynasty
&c.
xxx-xxxii
xxxiii.
34
35
44 45
XlXth Dynasty
57. Inscriptions,
ties.
Pis.
35
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
IV.
VI.
Summary of Results.
68. Religions 69. Artistic
.....
APPENDIX.
47
48
38
PL
xlii
38
60. Pottery of
xliii-iv
Ilnd Vtli
Dynasties.
PL
39
....
50
LIST OF PLATES
WITH INFERENCES TO THE PAGES UN WHICH THEY ARE DESCRIBED.
PLATE
I.
Temple
II.
Dynasty
III.
48
is
IV.
V.
VI.
VII. VIII.
Glazed figures,
1st
Dynasty
23, 24, 25
.
25
25, 26
,,
Glazed beads,
tiles,
&c,
1st
Dynasty
23, 20
10, 20, 27
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
,,
27, 28, 49
.
,,
28 48
,,
Ivory statuettes,
1st
30, 48, 49
9, 30,
XIV.
,,
Royal objects,
1st
Vlth Dynasties
.
31, 32, 49
.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
Copper
tools, &c.
31
,,
Sealings, 1st
Vth Dynasties
and
stele,
29,
31, 41,
.
31,41
42,49
42,49
43
31, 41,
Temple
,,
of Pepy, Lintel
,, ,,
Vlth Dynasty
12,3 1,
Inscriptions,
Vlth Dynasty
1 ,
,,
,,
Copper
:
tools,
Temple
Inscriptions of
Xlth
Xllth Dynasties
I
48 43
XXIV.
XXV. XXVI.
XXVII. XXVIII.
Temple of Mentuhotep III, Xlth Dynasty Temples of Mentuhotep III and Sankhkara, Xlth Dynasty Temple Lintel of Usertesen I., &c.
:
16, 33,
43,48
33,
43
43
,,
XXIX.
Xllth Dynasty
XXX.
XXXI. XXXII.
Steles
44
36
34, 44
34, 35,
Inscriptions of
XUIth XVIIIth
Dynasties
LIST OK PLATES.
PLATE PAGE
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII.
,,
Inscriptions,
XlXth
XXth Dynasties
Amenhotep
....... ....
.....
.
35
35, 44
19, 35,
36
,,
36, 45
36,
,,
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLIII.
,,
XlXth Dynasty Inscriptions of Unnefer, Nezem and Auy, XlXth Dynasty Boat, harper, pieces of figures of Mut-tuy, XlXth Dy nasty
Head
of Neb-en-maat, figure of Pa-ra-hotep,
45
36, 45, 46
.
,,
Flint knives
....
.
37
38
38
39
39 39
,,
28, 38, 48
.
Vth Dynasties
Dynasties
XLIV.
XLV. XLVI.
XLVII. XLVIII.
,,
11, 20,
14, 15, 20, 39,
Pottery of
of Old
Vlth Xth
Temple Temple
,,
Kingdom
Temples of
:
Vlth XX Vlth
Dynasty
XLIX.
L.
Some
1st
principal buildings
LI
LII.
LIII.
Vlth Dynasty
40
12
18
7
11, 12, 13
.
6, 11, 13,
.
8, 9,
30
34
lu
0,23, 26,28,31, 39
10, 14, 31, 32,
14, 15,
LIV.
LV. LVI.
LVII.
LVIII.
,,
III)
15, 16
1(1,
Xllth XHIth
Dynasties
.
17
:\()
V.),
20
21
21
10
LIX.
Periods of levels
of glazes and ivories, 1st Dynasty
5, 6,
LX.
LXI.
LXII.
LXIII.
,,
5, 0,
.
Chamber
,,
XVIIIth Dynasties
20
21
Tahutmes
III
LXIV.
21,22
Plates
1.
ABYDOS
INTRODUCTION.
1
.
II.
it,
at the
till
some
different
903.
In the previous
mode
of work.
last
Abydos had
its
low Nile of
tunity that
summer gave us
it
period
to gain.
When
began at the
close of the
first
age and
the con-
few dynasties
I went out in November, just after the inundation, the water in our pits was even lower than
when
had
left
it
in
is
was thus
I.
settled,
and the
results
was
appeared in Abydos
The
position of this
thus able to begin a season with better conditions than are generally obtained at the dry end
town was
closure
close
behind the
temples
of the season
to recede
the
No
II.
and whatever was possible to be done without enormous pumping Avorks was
be ever hoped
for,
We
below
made use
site
of the
as
more
into
of the
desert,
was
chance by clearing as
could deal with,
much
to
of the
we
higher up
down
this exceptional
cultivated land
it
upwards
as a
hills,
water
out
level,
and no one
more withto
such pumping as
never likely
be
back.
attempted.
As most
earliest
of the site
we
did
clear
for
upon by Nile deposits as the level of the river and what was formerly dry ground when rose built on in the early monarchy is now about
;
had
in
the
rubbish, and not for construction, there was the to work less reason to regret not being able
twenty
rise of
feet
level.
This
bed,
early
is
sites
and
town.
in
the
previous
season
we
and the sand basis was reached so near is unto the lowest and oldest temple that it here. existed likely that any earlier building We have probably, therefore, exhausted the
deeper
;
cleared as far as
basis of the
we could on
the native-sand
though no doubt there by the are acres of early buildings and enclosure
site of
the temple
itself,
side of
it.
ABYDOS
The broad
can
be
result
is
II.
whatever stood
exploration.
in the
way
of
more complete
left
traced
on
of level
each
work
of the
around them
in
this
way
at the
end of the
earlier kings.
2.
On
sites
briefly occuit
is
rising
ten or fifteen
best
it is
removed, and so
3.
main consideration
in the
work was
And
also
where there
is
no structural connection
between
building,
to
had been
last
season
considerable
results.
depth
without
losing
any
important
But
so
we began along
superposition
of
many
buildings,
it
and the
railway
needful to
thus
filling-
searched
area.
lower
levels,
to the water.
and the
it
ground, made
im-
In such a clearance
serve
all
was impossible
to pre-
possible
that.
to clear
Had we avoided moving the foundations of the XXVIth Dynasty, we could never have seen much of the earlier work had we left the paving of the XHth Dynasty in place, we must have sacrificed the objects of the
the structures.
;
Pits
out
Other
pits
lines
And, moreover, in the present Egypt we could not hope that any limestone building left exposed would be preserved for long so that we should have resigned
conditions of
;
Old Kingdom.
clear
of
stonework or any
to the pits.
Similarly on
which would soon be destroyed. Even while we were continually on the spot,
and so tempting a quarry, with a big
it,
at
some way
out,
we could then
feet
raise
high
all
along.
We
had
all
to
remove about
only
conse-
night
twenty
area.,
feet
depth of earth
will
never be
left
and
sometimes
twenty-five
in
Also
left
narrow
and
would have
formed
'j
i
of
earth
to
considerable distance
a,
it
was needful
as carriers.
carried on
fore
employ
large
number
of boys
old
was
to
everything
and remove
hands from
INTRODUCTION.
Quft, about thirty to forty pairs being employed
nil
he marked on
it
and the
fixed
lev<
1-
could
then
be
I
this site;
measured
off
t"
points.
Altogether,
;
Quftis
had
aumber
of boys,
to
which
made 586 measurements of bricks took 1,073 levels; and made 2,132 plan measurements, besides 2,010 such which were made by Mi'. Stannus. The nine plates of plans here published
In the latter pari had to be carried. of the work the raising of the earth about thirty
are
therefore the
result
of
nearly
six
thousand measurements.
5.
else
feet
to
discharge
added
good
deal
to
the
the
temples
much
The
was
fort,
and run
old
The arrangecontinual
their
be,
Khasekhemui
tort
between
that
and the
another
was found,
with chambers
as
the boys
as
if
left
to
own
so
Thus
n -ecu,,
near as
may
and
two
forts,
be carried only to
other side.
first,
to
the bottom on
the
the
Ilnd Dynasty.
The
distant
ground should be
filled
and long
on
radiating lines of
of
formed,
the sides
tomb
at
the southern
;
found
last
year,
be thrown until
continuously.
4.
filled
up
shrine, a terrace
el
temple
the
in a
prototype
of
Deir
Bahri
and
III.
a town, were
I.
discovered,
All these
supplementary
Where
volume, Abydos
6.
Our party
all,
and the surfaces examined to see whether they were foundations or upper conBut in the lower levels where only structions.
be searched
for,
most of
E.
work
Mr.
Avhom helped
and
Ayrton was
brickwork work was used the survey needed a long preliminary study of the fragments of walls.
Often,
forts,
alter
that
T.
in
excavation.
Mr. C.
what looked
like a
high
Avail
when
cleared,
walls, built
nearly
order to learn to
know
on the same
but having a
Again,
it
(dill's,
tomb
of the
was
of
difficult
to settle
for certain
the level at
Miss L. Eckenfound the works of Aahmes. stein volunteered to come and help us, and gave
Avere really
originally
continuous.
her
time
almost
entirely
to
receiving
in,
the
therefore always
went about
antiquities that
were brought
and storing
so
them, which
is
a large branch of
is
work Avhen
of
time in cutting innumerable sections and The top and tracing out the lines of the bricks.
my
much
productive excavation
on hand.
Miss
base
level
then had to
F. Hansard also volunteered her help in drawing, and has produced most of the plates of
ABYDOS
inscriptions.
II.
Miss
M. A. Murray, although
all
Of
detailed
work,
had
to
do
all
the
in superintending the
workmen
in the temple
also
drawing
plates.
excavation.
And Mr. H.
the
pottery
the
Though
My
flints
any one,
if
we
Research Account
many
details of import-
My own
time was
all
full record.
CI
AI'TKI!
I.
mode
moved by us, being outside of the early temple area. The connection between the sloping sand
zero of last year and the level zero of this year
maybe
stated thus:
Near
and
is
the
\V. wall
of the
to
down
1
to
500 inches
then
in
70
on the con-
1,000
inches,
this
in the
150
worked.
basal sand
age,
relative
and
I.
in inches in Abydos
But the sand would probably slope down to an average of 100 above zero beneath the
and the average of seven forms of pottery found in both systems of levels, would
temple
site
;
o-ive
in
absolute level.
the
site.
And
grew irregufilled
larly,
Such amount of difference is desirable to avoid confusion, which might have arisen if the numbers had been nearly alike. There are no
heights of objects over sand last year as large as 20 inches, and there are no levels of objects
1
sand
part of
was impossible
to
tins
and therefore heights could not be read from it. The only method then was to take true
site,
In
the
plans
here
given
it
should be
levels
by the
differences of level.
Hence
to
understood that not only the new buildings of a buddings certain period are shown, but also all been have to are proved by their levels
which
the heights
oversandof
all
The zero
that
we know
to
at
to distinguish
the buildings
Tahutmes
visible
as that
was
from
parts of the
site,
from which are in previous plans are shaded appear first hio-h left to low right, those which
ABYDUS
iii
II.
and,
ings are
lines
without any
in
To begin
with, an outline of
is
of
given, to
1
show
is
given in
also the
table at the
levels
general
nature of
all
;
the
site.
have not
the whole
plan
and
of the
attempted to show
periods, nor
work
which
wall
of
but
only
a,
selection
site.
will avoid
confusion.
Stonework
line for
is
marked
in
solid
;
black where
in
marked
I
;
was probably
open outBrick-
Usertesen
it
are the
same
work
is
rests
But
this wall
has been so
a
Upon
inches
plans
the
are
shown
in
often
complete
datum.
Usually
;
study of
rest
some parts
and even
two
on
XlXth
shown
in
Dynasty building,
is
the lower
Roman jmtchwork
ter of
it is
showing when
the
is
that
shows
it
portions,
the
first
ground
use.
level
the period
when
was
brickwork built
connecting
courses.
swept away,
its
close of
walls
stated to a
it is
The purpose
shows that
it
a
is
may
be
after
shows that
made
face,
in
here.
The weakness
consists
in
of great walls of
a top level.
unbaked brick
also
There
type,
are
reference
the
numbers
to
in large
re-
when
mainly to
to
foundation
deposits,
away
ferring
the
numbers
attached
objects
An
found.
to
have construction
of well-laid
the face.
real
And
the
best
lines
way
are
of ensuring that
laid,
is
in the walls.
strengthening
to
have
alternate blocks
built
and
well
finished,
and
This
then
connected
by
intermediate
this
masses.
if scal-
" nominal
number"
is
Another advantage of
ing begins
wall
will
in
form
is
that
the
the
table as
it,
prevent
block.
spreading
alternate
through
concave
to
letter or reference
I'
mark, and
gives
another
The
and
an idea o
time.
the
general
It is
intentionally
made
slightly differenl
in
ing isolated
masses, on a concave
bed like
all
for different
group- of bricks,
in the table.
order
to serve
to identify
them
The hard
lace
across the
are
the
essential
advantages
of
this
previous tombs.
far
Al!
if
these
are,
of course,
construction.
on this
Kom-es-Sultan
is
the
outline plan.
The excavations of
a
lasl
because
of the
abundance of burials
the
fool
or
two of
site
all
earth
to
far
in
below
i
earth
was run
between
f tin'
from
the
this
of the
walls,
thus
the
digging
northwards,
passing
Kom-es-
right
through
town of
before
the
the
Old
great
here
\ VI
Ihh Dynasty,
of
the
tombs
the
l-t
were
built.
Dynasty.
sides of this
This
ground
was
all
completely
a
enclosed corner
the bricks are
the base of
then,
outer
wall;
work.
vi
higher than
his.
It
appears
begun
it
Of the two long walls marked one is older, but was reused by
probably the temenos
of
the inner
Ii
Pepy.
is
great
fortification,
was
feared
so
that
they
cross
the
Illrd
Dynasty.
two
The outer
Dynasty,
Avail
is
the temenos
side of
of the
is
Vlth
un-
were built
to
box
off
the
corner
and
the
west
which
yet
On
to the
is
strangely askew
known, and has probably been all de-troyed. The temple of Pepy is shown in the middle,
with the X.,
gateway
is
W. and
boundary
which
of the
S.E. corner
so
The
the
thick
wall wall
outside of that
is
greal
is
all
The
from
feature
east
to
the
later
west gate
is
main
of XVIIIth Dynasty, with wed full., have the seems It to III. Tahutmes line of the Vlth Dynasty wall on the north.
but
it is
The
and
walls of the
Xllth
and
it
was cut
Dynasty.
here, as they
would cause
much
confusion
two by
XXth
to
be studied.
gateways
kept up
runs through
and
have been
The
ment
10.
outline
high
level
by Tahutmes
III,
it
who who
built a wall
xviii here),
(marked
and
also
by Eamessu
through
II,
built
great
This plate
includes two
periods
of building,
and an intermediate
stage.
The
pass
on
entering
the
cemetery,
on the temple
A.
To
wall
is
based at
down
at
tombs of the
Dynasty,
which were
dis-
covered last year and published in Abydos J, One more, No. 27. was found xxxvi xlix.
probably when the adjacent chambers The Avidc layer of sanded at 1G5 Avere built. groundat 146 shows a rearrangement and fur158
level,
this
it
was
of just the
same character
as
Of the bishing of the site at a second period. same date seems to be the continuation of this
ABYDOS
wall to the southward, based at 154.
II.
No
such
or F, the lowest
ft.
Avas
divided into
3, 5,
ground being
tilled
with rubbish
Both
5
and
7 spaces
imply unlikely
ft. ft.
The
build-
and
each
spans
seems then to be that of the original temple, and to have been entered by a passage
seem most
this,
suitable.
from
the
it
south.
The northern
and western
all
In front of
walls of
the north
165
XXth
148
and others
at
146
and 163
level.
Dynasty
its
top at
Avail
a set of four
might be part of a north wall of the same age. Of the same earliest building are the chambers
by
three
more chambers
at
172 to
of these,
The second period, of the rearrangement of A, is marked by the sanded ground at 146 east
of A, the extension of
southward
at
154, the
made the road in front of the temple the only way into the temenos. To the east of the temenos Avail D the ground
Avas
away
to the
west at
142.
The date
the
indicated
by
As
rubbish accumulated
the
level rose
ribbed
sealing
floor
on the
Qa
Avas further to
These
which
rises
from 142
to 165.
positions
may
Den
then
of
much
and F.
The
If
ground
of
level
at
170 to 180
F,
and around
it,
later
chambers of
;
and
from 157 on the east to 185 towards the west, completely burying the remains of the
rises
of the temple
older temple at A.
at
E
;
perhaps of Zer.
site
was 42
ft.
wide
inside,
ft.
thick
This
Avill
change of
level,
but
it
and sanding
and the
Mena
earliest
temple at
Avould be that of
0.
Such seems
fixed
but
it
of the
site,
from the
the
later wall a1
will
be seen a
at 180-210,
which clearly
12.
PI.
li.
The temple
of
llnd and
much
and
Dynasty.
a
An
entrance
to the
can
190.
'21
hardly
have been
with an
beyond the
entrance
wall
170-
remains at
skew front
sill
We
12
store
i^
on the north.
built,
with a
last plan,
TIIK
IN
I'OltY
OV THE TBM1
traceable,
il
transferred
to
the
present.
A
an
Long
wall
was
prol
al
3tarfo
<l
in
the
a-
[Vth
before,
Dynasty.
the
north.
To
the
door-sill
appears at 200-235
joined
the
Level,
which seems
bave
level tu lia\e
Ml
ll-e
along Willi
southern
is
is
boundary wall
D.
The
beginning aboul
north boundary
202-254.
210.
Within
this area
The
remained as
much
larger
a
sanded
great
at
192,
ma<s
,,|
store
i"
chambi
showing
Dynasty.
refurbishing
the
llnd
the north,
The
of
To
way which
site
in
to a
had been
two
by
long wall
1);
new
that
oil'
block
161-194 was
and the
actual
Probably
1)
shut
the
was
in the
llnd Dynasty
rebuilt
much
Whatever
by Pepy.
is
there
av,-i<
of
in
the
shrine
the
recon-
more brickwork
177
struction
Jut a great
level.
mained which
Level black
so far unique.
At
about
_'1<i
At
found
the
south
pit
of
the
ft.
over a space
a
;
about 4
deep
cut
and
ft.
in
more than 10 by
delimited
15 feet in area.
After several
diameter
it
was
In
roughly
through
the
strata of pottery
by a thin wall
end, the
two courses of
being laid upon
bricks end to
bricks
shown on
pi. xii
and the
is
level
the ashes.
that
were mainly
it
practically
we have
The
fine
of about the
xii,
date of Zer.
was earth stained black by the dust. No bones were found in this pile, nor any definite objects
of
sacrifice
black cylinder,
or
ottering,
except hundreds
of
Agreeing nearly
style of
little
twists of
xiv,
burnt
clay, of the
forms shown
is
the
flint
hake of the
in pi.
285
287.
level,
very
of
some object of
quarters of a sheep.
began
lii.
earlier.
An
place,
in
which the
older buildings
of
the
found
a
in
it,
(2) it
210, and
this
new
is
thin
line
of
bricks,
change
votive
offerings
was found
of burnt
is
and these
uncertain
is
else.
must
there-
that of Pepy,
use in the
be
hearth
offering; and
in
no
as there are
two periods
such
offering
place
known
any of the
10
ABYDOS
in
II.
any
tained
1st
the
"lazed
figures
and
ivories
of the
Dynasty.
This
and
some
as
of
the
other
this
offerings
in
it
was
mere
cell
the
previous
but
it
there
was no
about 12
feet wide,
;
of burnt offering
Have
There
is
a difficulty in understanding
how
came
these
worship the basis of the tradition about Khufu, preserved by Herodotos, that " having shut up all the temples, he first of all forbade
the
1st
Dynasty
in them.
By
we.
should
attribute
them
to
offer
sacrifice,
and
afterwards
he
"
chambers
the
Xlth
Dynasty.
Either
we
ft.
ordered
(Hdtos.
all
ii,
the Egyptians to
work
for himself
124)
6 or 7
else
At
or
that
offering
by
and
ix,
about 230
cell
level,
which
place,
of
offerinsr.
may
well
have
As
the large
ape-like
stones
(pi.
Vth Dynasty.
The deposit
chamber
from any other, having only a few small beads and a little model adze of copper in
the sand.
when
put in position.
South of
buildings,
this
sanctuary
was
clear
block
of
left
The general nature of the sanctuary of the IVth and Vth Dynasty then is different from
the earlier or later arrangement.
large building there
ings,
is
E, which
had a
passage
Instead of a
between
15.
to
it
cell for
burnt
it
offer-
in
which
stands
were
placed,
apparently
another wall
to
the south
and Neferarkara,
the
cell, so as to
Avhich
lay
face
down,
a heap.
Both the
cell
and
the
later
offering
At
led
at
temple
is
the stone
sill
doorway which
The stones
belonged.
The
Vlth
:
Dynasty
the
was
two stone
to the wesl
the ground
this
offerings.
Two groups
broken
other
important
stonework
of the
remains.
are given
(pi.
work
other
such
of
stands,
great
mass of
various
of
the
in
Vlth
its
Dynasty
original
xix)
pottery
vases,
pari
Large
vessels
and
standing unmoved
just
base-block,
were
Inn;
in this area.
in front of the
is
was
the
chamber
which
con-
which
at
11
The
this
ii
position
to
of
the
steles
pr
up;
(No.
by
the
sid
of the
(pi.
sill,
which con
thai
isted
the
in
entrance
bhe
'niied a
pottery
vase
xlv,
position
before
of
Pepy280
alabaster vases.
ai
(;.'><>
and yei
as the
steles,
inches to the
I
and 750
ground of the sides is lower than the doorway, and the tablets of Pepy 1 were thrown away on ground at the same level as
the
level
19)
it
Here
clear
io
building ground
ai
varied
from
196
doorway.
This
doorway
carries
with
it
299
one period
lowest
and
in
general
tin'
the the
P.
the
ground, and
SAW
highest.
outer enclosure
which
is
at
the
same
level.
17.
The
building
at
A,
to
with
thick
walls
The gateway
of the
east
Gr
D
face
is
self-dated
by the name of
be the temple of
Pepy
middle
the
it
ft.
was 60
It
ft.
ft.
from
hack
to
to
front,
xlvii).
The outer
wall
stoi'c
is
and 70
wide.
appears
have
ft.
had
a
A.S
gateway
of
D,
as
hall,
23
wide and 49
brick,
long,
walls
were of
;
and
it
at
bably of timber
the spans
higher level.
plans,
in
Yet, as
the
further
altered
bases
would he 8
is
each
way, and
the
only
uncertainty
the
possibility
of four or
the
Xlth
Dynasty, and
six pillars
The two
this
doors,
a
one at each
shows that
was
pro-
be
much
older than
that age.
As from our
KVIIIth
hall stood
we can hardly
in
Dynasty.
suppose a gate
wall
(see
such as
to
pi. xlix)
19.)
the
Vllth
Xth
Pepy,
Dynasties,
consists
of a
pavement
Vlth Dynasty.
the
As
the gateway
is
The
position of the
east,
jamb
is
first
who we know
and
in place,
and the
temples
of
Tanis,
Bubastis,
had
side
stood.
was
for
in
then sliding
The ground varied in level a good deal at The gateway D is only 196 level this period.
:
was
in
place.
a,
There was
wide, closing
passage of 41
is
a.
wide.
The
in
to
the
west
at
southern doorway
with
4
in.
single
block
of stone,
all
about
in 10 to 234, as
shown by the
slope of
sunk lower
is
for
Thence
it
written);
by the Pepy
the temple
is
of
in. thick.
at 245,
is
42
in.
wide,
closing
34
in.
same building
same age
is
at 273.
The groove
is
for inserting
side.
block
on the west
12
ABYDOS
the inner sides of the
II.
On
only
this
fragment
is
left.
The
steles
Avere
in
which they
266
X 9^ and 29 x 6 in., set in sockets 40 X 19 the southern one was broken and 37 X IS in.
29
;
filled
in across the
doorway down
to
level,
at the end.
doubtless
by
Sankh-ka-ra,
of Pepy.
Around
this
temple
Avail.
there
seems
is
to
have
been an enclosure
At B
a corner of
the
if
portions on
been ruined at
yet the Avhole of
so,
against the
earlier
than the
Avail of
the Xllth
Dynasty
Avail
This part
Avhich
superseded
is
it.
As
the
south
of
is
Pepy's temple
clearly
of the
same
probably ran on
based
On
to
seem
nortliAvard
at 202,
till it
joined a
at
which Avere
(pi.
and destroyed
Avail
254
for
Sankh-ka-ra to
line.
xxi, 8),
a group of
11),
The
till
Avhole
use
shall
copper feathers,
gilt
(xxi,
and
as Ave
mud on
Then by SankhAvails
Pepy
I,
xxi,
12
14,
2.
kara
Avas pulled
down, the
levelled to
cups, xxi,
to the
mud
At 100
stone
Avail
in.
to bring
it
up
to
the
Avas
general ground
(the
;
is
incomplete in
is
ruins.
front)
the
of this block
in
it,
given on
At C
is
a portion
of another
large
PL
xxvii.
The grooves
as
it
deeper at the
hold
building
Avhich
may
belong to
the
it.
previous
back,
staves
of
;
seem
and
if
intended
Avell
to
upright
may
in
At
To
in
is
the
grooves
the
temple
fronts
of the
XVIIIth Dynasty,
If so,
in Avhich masts
were placed.
used in ex-
the staves
period,
probably
in
connection
Avith
Avas required
south of D.
The
Almost
limestone
bases
of
in
The
surfaces Avere
limestone.
down
soil,
of the
:
mud
its
accumulation of earth, so
flight
and thus
of rough steps
one
retained
any of
for
before
it
(xlviii),
live
and did
not
concerning
the
endoAvments
(pi.
the
stone below
his wall
fed of height
it.
service
to
royal statues
xix).
Evi-
on the top of
On
THE HISTORY
(>K
THE TEMPLES.
The outer
is
18
the east end the boll holes are seen in the stone
(xlvii),
and there
There
is
a
at
door pivot
in
the south
part
of a
ran
outside
side of the
doorway
is
the
inner
temenos
site.
and probably
round
Bhaded
gateway.
the whole
The
walls; so
gateway appears
earlier
to
The
its
obvious
the
as
general
field
of ruins
away
to
based
at
177, which
shows an
age
the south,
showu on
feel
the
plan
(pi.
\lix).
floor at L96.
is
Ahoui
-c\
enty
to
the
front of the
is
gateway
the colonnade
wall
turns
the
the
all
and
must
have run
111
which
at
certainly later, as
on to
where
wall
this
of
Tahutmes
great
later
220, and
is
probably the
appeared.
But
part
This
same date as the buildings north those south of it with of it with a sill at 220 and the outer gateway G at 220. a sill at 219
of the
; ;
for a
bed of
I"
trace
earlier work-.
may
as
It
line ran
on
to the
piece of wall at
of
the Kom-es-Sultan,
the south
of this
would be equal up
are
the brick
antae which
temenos runs as
far
The
as
built on at either
temenos
equal,
flank walls
up
to the
gateways.
pillars
Unfortunately no
;
trace
modern sebaleh diggers have entirely dug away all construction elsewhere on the west. The wall has been economized at the north-east
by building
clean sand.
it
remains of the
stone
bases of
and,
pillars
considering
at
the
it is
hollow and
tilling the
space with
wooden
Kahun,
The
here also of
wood.
difficult to
understand.
The outer gateway at G is much more ruined, only some of the lowest course of The pavement stones remaining (pi. xlvii).
has been greatly worn away, breaking through
in parts
at 210,
pavement
Also
stones.
The
for
making
if
by
treading,
such a thick
large gap
in
The
far
greater amount
of wear on this gate compared with the inner one is due to more use, as it led to dwellings and stores as well as to the temple and also
;
Perhaps some
opening.
was made
gate.
this
20.
To
due to longer
use, as the
was
built
was
the
a
built,
it
by a narrow
passage
Xlth Dynasty.
which gave access to the space further to the It is a remarkably narrow and awkward south.
passage, about
slightly concave
It
two
it
feet
wide
at
all
the bottom,
the traffic to
was stolen
we found
it,
considering that
had to take
the
museum guards
being ineffectual.
14
ABYDOS
entrance
II.
other
wall.
has
been
observed
in
this
large circular
granaries,
of wheat.
The space between the outer wall M, and the gateway wall G, contained no structures of this age. Nothing was met with but broken pottery
and
rubbish heaps, and therefore
we stopped
number
a
of persons
after clearing
by these store-rooms.
throwing the
scanty
if
remains of the
XXVIth
About
at
1!>7,
hundred
Dynasty temple,
21.
of
be of importance beneath
PI. liv.
We
only disclosed
it
The greater part of the buildings the Vlth Dynasty seem to have continued in
it
we
a
But
at
in the time of
Mentuhotep
the
altars
III
some
red
The
it
thick-
changes
were made.
A,
Outside
temple of
of
17 feet, seems to
of
it
:
show that
the
site.
was
Pepy,
At one
a
by
side.
The spout
their
point
laid
we found beneath
as
if
around
in a pit
down
in that direction.
regular
arrangement
be
in
the
original
A
floor
found at N.
of thin
in
The
position.
The
inscription
of
two
layers
slabs of
limestone
the
mortar,
was
were two bent rods of copper thickly plated with gold, about inch thick and 5 inches long.
.}-
between the
up
to
the
door of Pepy.
level,
The
slabs
at
The tops
ground
of the altars
were at 276
and the
rough
level of that
Close
by
At
from 263
roof,
45 high to the
down
found
to 243 level
in
it
to
the crown.
The
wide
whole chamber was 397 inches long, 71 at the south and 73i at the north.
level
The
210
On
in
the
top
of
the
sand was
as
five
of
the
pavement
and
was
This
so
it
213,
is
is
or
Mentu-
by another measurement.
about the
entered on
hotep used
Vlth Dynasty
this plan,
level,
Near by,
the
at
(ill,
imply a backing of
it,
was a circular
a
pi.
hole,
which from
In
of
level
is
the
1
sand
was
L96,
this
an entirely
period,
it
between
the
forms
and
the
chamber
some
later
would
Xllth
was
found
the
earth
just
over
sand
late as the
it
filling.
Dynasty
form
would agree
The construction
were found, reused
of
best to the
is
XXVIth
else.
Dynasty.
The
unknown
before,
XVIIIth Dynasty
pis.
for
illustrated
by anything
nmy, xw.
All of
THE
IIISTOUY OF
THE TEMPLE8.
the Hint flooring this
tional
was the
it
first
stone
temple
at
A.bydos.
deposit
bole.
or
deposits,
ii
and aol
merely
The
position of
of Pcpy, as
was probably near the temple the Mocks were found reused about
waste
Perhaps
belonging
to the temple the irregular form being thus accounted for by the repeated digging
those
liv
marked A and
at
I!
on
pi. lvii.
the offerings.
I)
Now
on
pi.
there are,
B,
five
limestone
entirely
Coming further easf we see that at new group of chambers bad been
perhaps
the
these
an
built;
close
belong to
Pepy,
level
being
is
248, 249
level,
while
but
of
might
belong
t<>
tin-
Pepy ground
building- 245.
Ylth
Dynasty.
And
barrel
may
next
subterranean chamber of
in the
bottom of
his thick
sand bed.
They
being
do not
fall in
At C the south end of the greal store chambers of the Old Kingdom had been
abandoned, after
filling the
kara's walls.
18, 23, 24,
in size,
S.E.
chamber with
age.
And
tin-.'.
Pepy
in
the
chambers
of old materials
to
and
Ave
continued
use.
Tin- colon-
Pepy or
to
Sankhkara.
unless
left
no
and
column
bases,
to
Mentu-
a Avail
was
built
facing east.
northern
columns.
The
at 231.
wall
on the south of
in
front, those
which remain
been
renewed
at
this
being the four to the south of the axial path leading to the front of Pepy's
Avail at
Also
the
a buttress
was
temple.
The
thin
outer
gate, this
pillars,
seems
and the
all
to
of the founda-
inner
gateAvay,
This stone
bricks,
same time;
have been
if
so the
at
S.W.
the
Avail
244-194 must
of
the
the span
added
later.
lv.
close
Vlth
is
Dynasty or
23.
PI.
The temple
that
of
Pepy
Avas so
22.
At
Avas
in
the
west
part of
the Pepy
ruinous,
however,
Sankh-ka-ra
entirely
temple
an irregular
IioUoav,
filled
with a
swept
it
of
types given in
in
pi.
xlvi,
nos.
157-186.
on
used to limit
Below them
some parts
Avas a flooring
flint, laid
made
closely
together overlapping
site of
mixed
There was no
dark
new building.
The ground
mud
From
16
ABYDOS
II.
They may
a
tool
It
At 95 was
bed
stood
sand
so
to
that
new
pavement
of 245.
285
289
inches,
instead
east
and may
to the
not of the XII th or XYIIIth Dynasty, At 80 was another belong to this age.
have a portion
a
hatched
as
being
older
was left to -rand as part of the doorway of Pepy adjoins this on the west
new
line
the
side.
Xlth Dynasty. The very broad wall, P>, to the east of this may be misunderstood. Only one or two courses
of bricks remain bedded on sand,
The position
is
new
building
not known.
The dating
of this
new work
is
fixed thus.
have been pavement as well as wall. The large pit on the east of it at the south end contained
nothing.
The date
of this Avail
is
fixed
I
by
its
at the
line.
Here the
later
entirely different,
III.
and
this
must be
way
it.
of Pepy,
five feet
under
than Mentuhotep
square had
of this
On
in the middle of
reconstruction
at E,
by Sankhkara.
rude
steps,
Outside
this,
was a
flight of
formed of
single,
level
ment
three
must, then,
I,
new
level of
be of Sankhkara
Amenemhat
and
as
pi. xlviii,
before
we removed
here
xxv),
it
is
pretty
the
them
24.
to
re-establishment
of
temple was
due
to
" ?
Usertesen
him.
The
of
is
pit
work and
an entirely
new temple on
temenos walls
disappeared
much
1st
larger plan.
The
old
Sankhkara,
a
East
;
of the
is
of the
IVth
and
Dynasty had
square
pavement
at
278
level
this
seven
it
long
ago,
pavement, but as
lost.
which Mentuhotep
Sankhkara.
bricks
was
laid out,
kept
up,
walls
it
expanded.
This
The
are of
the same
and
general levelling of
new sand
beds.
and the temple was work was marked by the ground and spreading part of the plan of Sankhhis
joist-
between
deposits
The
Within
this
area a pit
was sunk
in
the
brick,
and a
line
from their
The brick
of the
XVIIIth
and agree
tion level
The
end
t"
floor props
What
the
on
stone temple
we cannot now
is
see.
<
>n
the north
made
of potter) -lab-,
row
of stone blocks
in
line
between the
17
But
plan.
corner, which
seems entirely
lost,
bul
parts of
the southern
across the
and such
closer
square
do
not
in
to
any obvious
is
are
marked
At
by
the
thicker
S.K.
outlines
and
Another
difficulty in
pits,
the
site
shading.
corner there
remained
two northern
two western
pits,
120 and
spnad
several
feel
outside
of
the
arc
and
and on the
easl side
have no relation
No
corners were
but a
was probably
wall,
narrow brick
still
from
its
levels,
282
to
287, seems as
if
it
existed.
that
On
we
see
in line
96 and 121.
gate
The
25.
PI.
lvii.
On
reaching
the
XVIIIth
this
were largely
Dynasty we
find
made
hotep
down
likely
the
At the west end an immensely thick brick wall remains, which was built to supplement and
continue the partly destroyed wall of Usertesen.
work
of Usertesen,
seems more
that
At the
of
S.E. of these
of the
gateway
and
in
the wall,
which
was
lined
by
side,
perhaps
date of this
The
on
as
it,
pi. xxxiii,
III,
Osirified
of
door into
its
priest.
One block
jamb
of the
placed by an earlier
pylon remains
in place,
but
is
weathered away
on
all sides.
The inscribed
granite jambs of
pieces of
Sebekhotep
(pi.
xxviii),
it.
the
Along
close
by
a drain, cut in
The pavement at 278 level, east of the square, was laid by Sankhkara, as shown by its level. But a stone of the south end of it had been
removed,
pavement.
It falls
from 307
level,
near the
;
to place
and
it is
be
of
it
the
at the
mouth
cf the outfall.
site
is
XVIIIth Dynasty.
left
was
of the temple
likely that here
still
and
it
seems
may have
for three or
;
was the first " sacred lake," or great brick-pit whence Pepy made the mud The bricks for his temenos and buildings.
it
is
much
south
is still
a lake, at the
left
is
probably that
I,
and being
I
when he
site.
huge
fortification
On
the
south side
the
close by,
on the north,
c
is
ABYDOS
was used
as a
II.
it
rubbish
pit,
containing masses
feature
is
in
of broken
pottery and
was
its
filled
chamber D, where the south end with a solid bench of stone about
cut through
is
drain
it.
whole depth.
The
best suggestion
that
causeway
this
east,
it
was
to place a processional
bark or standard
sill
of granite on the
in
an outer
The plan
of the temple of
Tahutmes
III
indications.
The
Usertesen
it left
the
fortifi-
cation
by another gate
this great
pi.
purpose of
line
of
south
sides,
and we
know
The
where
it
indicated
by the
and the
breadth
of
deposits, 84,
and
is
by the
Adopting
The chapel
of his
father
we
continued
For the
couple
great
temple
III,
Mentuhotep
to
at
B,
on the top of
with a terminal
hotep
only
All
a few
the
blocks
of
foundation
entirely
remained.
rest
had
only
its
been
end
it
at C,
the
foundation
Aahmes
as here
chapel.
The
cross
walls
within
the
show
of
place.
finely built
26.
as
The chapel
in
Aahmes was
pis.
the;
large
marked but which of them contained halls and which were around groups of
;
shown
lxiv.
Abydos
/,
chambers, we cannot
now
it.
ascertain.
and
Unfortunately
In front of the temple a sand bed was found with a clear end to
This probably shows
;
for long
in
it,
and
in
must
cases
it
very
badly.
Prof.
When we came
Maspero's consent)
to
to
remove
follow
(with
fairly to the
the
earlier con-
gateway
sill,
the axis of
is
the
to
temple.
the
The
men were
quite
aide to pick
easily.
the
granite
which
askew
causeway,
stones
into small
slabs
Two
of
this wall,
which must
brickwork
a
it,
built
against
them,
cracked architrave.
in
a
Ami.
had
in
the uorth of
ral
the pillars
hall
Four foundation deposits of Amenhotep III (three marked here) appeared in the forecourt;
they are not enough to define his building, but
they show that
parts
been
patched
with
brickwork,
A curiouB
Amenhotep,
in
true
Egyptian
THE
fashion,
BISTORT? OP
THE TEMPLES.
mid and south: and the
a column, and at
L9
in
front of the
work
of bis great-grandfather.
At B
is
apparently
Aahmes
C
all
is
the eastern
jamb
it.
of a
taken
from various
with
a
doorway.
But
this
Among
As
botep
III,
was a reused
a re-used door
;
jamb
work,
xxxv.
it
laid
down
its
in the
lower course
a bronze seated
after the
XXth
The pave-
XXVItb Dynasty
;
marked upon
because of
relation to the
Aahmes chapel. Under Ramessu III a great 28. I'l. lviii. The causeway was reconstruction took place.
entirely broken
course,
all
between the stones of the pavement and 30 inches down in the mud bed, which is beneath
the sand
level,
up along a large part of its and a deep excavation was made through
as the
1st
was a pot with large green beads and a green glazed head of Ptah which I should
suppose
to be
of the
XXYIth
to
Dynasty.
this
It
seems hard
with
If
therefore
credit
building
least as far
XXYIth
Ramessu
Dynasty.
III
Avas
up with a deep sand bed, and on shown on the plan with dotted surface Only this a great building was constructed.
filled
:
so
the building of
30.
tions
and entrance of
II,
But
in
sqiuvre
is
by Aahmes
of
whose
name
was placed
in the sand
the posi-
on the blocks.
The length
the
temple
is
the levels
marked by the numbers 36 and 74, were about 273 and 276, practically
the same.
The
on east and west. The axis is defined by the entrance, G, and the rows of foundation and the north side is blocks, H, at the back
;
Scarabs, plain
15
13
Plaques, inscribed
10
3
2
Heh
sign
Sedheb sign
Bull's
Bull's
head
haunch
.1.1 .1.1
. .
by the brick retaining wall at the N.E. The two bases of columns are seen at corner. G; south of them are left two blocks of the wall, and north of them two other blocks at a
fixed
distance
wall.
Rings
50
about 48
in line with
J.
Hence the
is
The plaques
two columns
finely
Among the
at
the
foundations
carved
much
to
like
blocks and slabs of the temple of Tahutmes III, In the with the colour still fresh upon them.
29.
age
the
corner
at
is
doorway,
of one
slopes
to
up gently
318
at the
cement upon the stones seems to have had a granite. sill higher than the 365 level, perhaps of
This S.S.W. door to the temple
is
similar to the
r,
yix>s
S.S.W. door
to
the
Tahutmes temple,
at
the
around
il,
to
the
Vth
Dynasty.
between K and
II,
The deposit 80 seems from the rough vases, like xlvi, 165, to belong to the Xlth Dynasty.
here.
is
(See Abydos
/,
pi. Ixviii.)
of
the
Xlth Dynasty,
they were
all
figs.
At L
tion.
town
The
aire
of limestone,
is
the west
buried
half of sandstone.
There
gate,
nothing to
show
the
of
this
though
some gateway
The system
by Usertesen
121, 86,
of deposits
I,
probably existed
here
of
I
whom we
1th,
and 96.
from
The
and
wall in which
lias
is
placed
is
of
many
it
ages,
would
it
was drawn
bead
fully planned.
The ox-
disentangle
its
I,
history.
Probably
it
it
begins
with Usertesen
ami
in
part
;
rests
on town
it
but no vertebrae or
are
Kingdom
age.
elsewhere
rests
shown
in
xlvi,
upon buildings
(if it
of the
parts
are
<>f
Roman
glazed ware
in
the
31.
cessive
Having now described the suctemple buildings of this site, some note
PI. Ixii.
middle of bricks.
Those marked
contained
those with
(pi. xxiii),
may
lie
given
P had glazed
with C had
13
been referred to
Three deposits, 119, 81 and 117, arc of one style; and from 1 17 belonging to the doorway
of Pepy's temple,
(pi. xlv,
-
insertion,
were formed at
were
soft
the
fell
time
of
the
;
deposit, as they
and
out of shape
No
their
outside
face.
soil
They
muddy
boL
to
begin with.
;
.)
ox-head
for the
deficient as
tic
skull.
of pottery
115,
might by the
Dynasty;
level be of the
are
the
two cups of
xlv,
111,
which
Xlth or any
Inter
and we do not
arc
know enough
;
perhaps
early
I
this
filled
X Vlllth
7<>
>ynasty. of Ameiiholep
III,
beads
(tubes and
of
rings),
(
and
to
)eposil
is
dated by
on
il.
small
model
adze
I,
copper.
>wing
the
which deposits
;
similar one
.
was found
I,
year
in
another
uncertain
to
but
bed
deposit, see
Ibydos
l\i,
seemed
as
belonged
the sand
21
be of the
XVIIIth
III,
Dynasty; 109
is
a;
<
to
in
the
site.
The south
it
side
tools
found
in
it.
was
32,
are of well
PI. lxiii.
Tahutmes
upon
in
early
times, and
so a
mass of
known
base
types of thai
probably owing
than
in
previous
examples.
in
The
were
river.
The
levelling opera-
alabaster
model
types
in
vases are
of
shown
tool
5.
PL xxxii;
and
later Dynasties,
and the
and
the
copper
I,
models
substitution
published
Abydos
lxi,
The sandstone
;
those which
marked here with the oval, the plain stones marked S. The copper tool models are
in
As
the build-
found
nearly
all
of these deposits,
marked C
in
in the following
The
little
cups
89
details
marked
were
tilled
The
34.
PI.
lxiv.
In
I,
pp.
18-22,
The
and
the
described the evidence given by the pottery and stone vases found in the tombs and the town, as
it
seems probable
were built
years
III.
nt
This
is
here given in a
times,
many
filled
apart,
details
need not
lie
All of
may
be pointed
deposit
It
is
holes were
up with clean
out.
first
-and.
certain that
many
shown by
8-11).
them
in,
as only portions of
I'n rva,
found.
some of
town.
The
shown
what were not broken up. There does not seem to have, been any regular
only
order of deposit
'.Ml
;
more
familiar
objects
at the top
and the
is
in
later lower
Hence the
basal
1
sand
at the top,
it
in
The
in the
annex
and contained
;
the copper
above These heights over the basal sand have no fixed relation to the absolute levels used in this volume
are
of 10 to
10 inches
downwards.
a similar
annex
and
this
year's work.
Here
will
lie
seen
how
was found
33.
I
at
Koptos (Koptos,
in a
xvi.).
Next
is
shown the
22
ABYDOS
;
II.
and
it
will
These connections give thus an absolute continuity between the end of the long series of
be seen
town,
how this is parallel to that in the and how therefore the strata in the town
by the royal tombs, and hence the
dates are linked
to
are dated
later sequence
years b.c.
23
CHAPTER
OBJECTS BEFORE THE
35.
IT.
IVth
DYNASTY.
deal with
tbe
a latrine,
when thrown in and it is was a rubbish hole, and probably where damaged offerings were thrown
;
away from the temple. The generally early date of such objects is shown by the Mena vase
;
The main group of early things was in a chamber just outside the early temple area, marked on pi. lii as G9, and known as M G9 in our numbering. This chamber was 116 inches
on N.,
1
but they
were doubtless
old
and worthless
of the ejection
flakes
139, 140,
15 S., 94 E., 97
W.
the bearing of
at
it
216"
it
207 inches
level.
xv)
the
also
by the
jar,
pi.
xlii,
37,
I,
which
vii,
is
of
by
it,
age
of Perabsen
(Abydos
;
31), or
of glazed vase of
at
Aha Mena,
same time
pi. iv
and
v, 32,
215
level;
apparently,
therefore,
thrown
to about
41 which
,
is
away
215.
floor
at about the
as the objects in
(Abydos
are
f,
vii,
28).
up
been kept
for
many
all
over the
chamber
to
formed a red-brown
and Avhich
eisdit inches
Ilnd Dynasty.
The Tim
the
objects
in
it
may
then
spongy consistency.
chamber, and
it
Dynasty.
scale
of each photograph
of the
marked
at
top
left
hand
it
this
scale
was
at
until re-stated.
Embedded
in this
stuff
were
PL
viii.
i.
numbers of
36.
the face
PI.
is
photograph
in
pis.
v,
vii,
ivory carvings.
They
will be
ii,
is
lxi.
All
broken.
The
attitude
is
is
quite free
numbered with
;
good.
inches high,
the great
6^-
and many
earth
of
the ivories
are
not entered, as
to be
kept in lumps of
This
It
is
in
<rood
state,
but of formal
over the
dry,
so
the
forms
were not
seen.
work.
Most of the
ivories
by binding
to
one
side,
partly
24
ABYDOS
;
II.
shoulder
the
a
pi.
same
plaited
i.
unsymmetrical
tail
is
placing,
chamber,
though with
figured
in
level,
if
0.
on
at II ierakoiip.il
is
is
4,
to double size.
is
The whole
15
tail
;
young
bear,
with
short curly
shown on pi. xiii. He is figured as wearing the crown of Upper Egypt, and a thick embroidered robe.
are
well given.
This
in
is
From
bear yet
known
PI.
iii,
Egypt,
from foreign
and the
robe
dress
stiff
edge represented,
looks as if this
:
no such
yet
37.
Hi,
the
figure
of
an ape,
is
figure
finely carved
found.
an unconventional
;
Owing
to pressure
in the
wet
soil
in
of
small
boys,
the
it
repre-
with
subtle
character.
It
belongs
17,
to
the
;
20 (three positions)
is
boat,
which from
to
1, 4, 5,
and 19
seems
have
more formal
in the
a fragment
of delicate
Old Kingdom.
figure of a
it is
is
half of a
young boy,
modelling.
work.
22, a
same natural
5
is
style, of excellent
heavy
like
the
hound, 23
the
29,
lions used
for
gaming
Tombs,
ii
pieces,
;
lions
of
Zcr {Royal
No. 27
vi,
3, 4).
by the
probably the
firsl
here,
man with
7
is
and
28
in
work.
lo the prehistoric
Libyan stock.
short, woolly
hair,
Both 20 and 28 appear to be a lioness, and have a collar, showing that the animal was tamed.
29
has
appearing negroid.
S
an
in
chalcedony
(three
is
an
infant,
hoy
with
remaining
30
is
in place.
remarkably long
head.
i-
girl,
in
more
Hat
collar
like
the
of
late
pre
face
as a
together, a motive
late
the
style
is
the
which
usual
in
the
and
neck.
1
body;
bead
shown
on the
periods.
PL
i
i
iv.
"
I,
style.
numbers
plates.
photographs
in
the
following
ste
38.
PL
v, 31.
A portion of
hand of wall
25
from a royal
Ica-
See
pi.
i,
for a coloured
uame.
the low
The
tail
Hat
top of the
bird
name-square
thai
it
and
after
of the
show
is
is
37
is
.-inns
bound;
2,
only on some of
compare
xxii, 3.
3;
Zer
(seals
105, 106)
and
(seal 1).
Tins
is
band
to the
of Zer.
The design
incised
and
filled in
with
mouth.
10,
the
original
colours
were green
32.
and purple
Fragment
with
of a vase of king
green
purple
inlay originally.
is
The
tail
hair
is
thrown
to
one
side,
and plaited
in a
shown on
41,
young one
in
her
arms,
baby ape,
42
The
human
figures
and fragments.
7.
With
style of the
hawk and
of the
ka-n&me
is
exactly
46 compare Hierak.,
xviii,
47 hears a pot
that
this
It
known
is
Mena, and
a girdle
round the
39.
PI. vi.
49
is
mi
ape, with
hitherto only
33.
known much
tile
the head
lost.
Glazed
i.
As many
the
as sixty-nine figures
also pi.
It
is
back,
but
does
not
seem
of
52,
all
varieties
large,
is
here
given.
;
Some,
as
were
and
made hollow
but
rather
as
is
if
made
for
votive
others, as 58,
offering.
The
figure
hardly any
63, a
detail.
in
From
to the
the
glazed originally.
66-69,
we must known as an
to
attribute
him
Ann,
quadrupeds,
probably
pig,
dog,
and
lioness.
be
70,
71,
73,
hippopotami.
72,
frog.
74-76,
Ann
intro-
crocodiles.
77, a figure with a lioness
Hemen.
This,
and No. 36
line of
edge running
down
style
like
it;
The
closely
40.
81-84,
entirely Tin-Egyptian,
and 34
in
is
hawks
of
legs;
copper
in
figures
found
as
the
Diktaean
in
cave
probably early
85, locust
?,
in the 1st
Dynasty.
i.
Crete,
such
No.
436
the
Candia
Museum.
3G shows two fragments of a glazed relief
with the signs
mer,
anlch,
(?), zet,
ta,
tile,
work
zeser,
the
87, piece
and
corner of a /-(/-name
a town
sign,
and a ram
see pi.
i.
26
ABYDOS
88,
II.
part of a
hawk
for
inlaying,
probably
139-40,
flint
from a &a-name.
89, 90, probably figures of laden boats.
91,
age of Perabsen.
92 are
like
is
flat
sheets
;
through a loop,
military cloak.
like
the
frogs
on a modern
much
the
model axes
quite
but
this
form of axe
till
with lugs
unknown
There
in metal
are,
at least
144-152, rings of
various forms.
171,
slate.
153-170, beads of
Xllth Dynasty.
axes with
however, some
possibly be
stone
lugs which
may
172,
174,
pieces of glazed
quartz
for
earlier.
93-05, see
are
If as vet
tiles.
quite
unknown
early a date.
for
would
is
offering.
on the
top.
But
this disc
it
this
It
seems clear
which
all
row
of tiles in a wall
were strung
lotus capitals,
become detached.
tiles,
and hence
1st
this capital
;
is
taken back
now
to the
and the
Dynasty
The wide
wires
are.
in
mud and
reeds, or in stone,
not certain.
for
to
secure
them
together.
signs
was so fashionable
in the
XVIIIth Dynasty.
103 are small inlay
104,
for the
and on
ball beads.
105
may
1
be a draughtsman.
the
first
to
108
11<>,
model
vases,
1
two with
1,
hark
to
112,
L16,
forms of vases.
114,
model stand.
115,
127,
would
agree
with
that
age.
The
122,
by the
direction
figure,
which held
it
between
a
and
it
probably represented a
123, spiral
bead.
125, model of
baskel
i:;i,
lid
of coiled work.
L32,
a
one with
pi.
42.
groups
PI.
ix.
We now
were
turn to some
in
other
xi,
243.
chair
on
13.
the
which
at
found
the
pi.
chambers
In
shown
the
<'>i
X.W. corner
(he
of
lii.
the
xxvi
41.
chamber
PI. viii.
;
pi. ix,
irregularly
and
the
two
the
137-8. petal-
made from
upright
against
27
AVe have
already
noted
the
at
difficulty
is
most
like the
and
so
hiidi
the decoration
by
like that
T.
on
ii,
(lie
here,
clear
that
the
objects
arc
all
pi.
It
is
probable
therefore
It is the
that
this
of
the
1st
Dynasty,
and
some
perhaps
only slate
earlier.
carving that
a female figure of pottery of the
we found
184
is
same
date.
Museum).
43.
style as the
PL
x.
65, con-
185, 186, are two rough figures of men, which differ from any yet found in the forms of the
found
further
on
west, and
so
was
187
may
is
be
numbered as 89 but they are reunited here, two fragments of the same figure,
differently
its
hands.
188
a red
in
189 and
206
is
a ram-head
;
amulet
hard
yellow
usual work.
limestone
this
in slate,
seem
girl's
attempted
194,
than the
is
head
The
head, 207, and pieces of figures, 209-212, are of the 1st Dynasty class.
which
an entirely natural
like the
with a
213
is
perhaps a figure
in
projection
somewhat
head of a baboon,
Hierahorvpolis
The
214
tile.
is
215 a
bit of piece,
mat
its like-
ness to a baboon.
Xo
other large
flints
were
show that
broken
a royal
from
the
was
before
as
being thrown
baboons.
away.
is
:
we know,
it
seems that
220
zet
serpent
we have here
up because of
and perhaps
198
chipped in
flint
flint
this
like the
portion of a
to sacred animals,
serpent in
MieraJconpolis,
xxiv, 22,
and
is
venerated
before
any
artificial
common
is
hawk
royal
222
is
a limestone frog.
223 part of a
quite
hawk on any
below
for
quadruped.
monument.
it
is
has
hole
setting
on a pole
as a standard.
unknown
is
200
a frog in limestone.
201
a piece of
225
is
wavy
handle.
202, a baboon.
its
worked
in
227
is
another
frog.
flint,
204
is
a well-carved figure
Hieralconpolis xxv.
bers
295
in
is
the
hawk on
a building, so well
tail
known
the ha -name.
The
sloping
downwards
UYU
parti
noli
i
to
thi
[)'(
loniti
ho
ri(!]
Him
(ikon
I,,,
ii
'ii
haw
',
and
hrine
or
palanquin
hing
|
com
i
to
\\
<
belong
||OM
I
'M
I
I
'J
mi n
to
lU'l
I
li'
objoi
M"l
in
uol her
small group at
upi
'"',
i"i'i
J.
98
level
o
'
i
is
the frog
(!|
ill
In
lui
I'
lii|il'
1111(1
145, lion
'I
ij
Mfi
"I
ated
7,
baboon
quartz
group
'
lil
'
those in
i
pr<
ci
'1
in"
I
[)]a|;<
hi"
'
mal
work
L!J,
pieces
of
"i
i
>|
,
llill
gill/Aid
(J
il(!
I'M-
lulu vim"
;
50,
.I
.ml
ii
late ring
in
15
!,
in
Mil
Ji.ii,
(in
ii
of
i
ii
plant, liko
liiil;
I
in
cornilowci
i
01
'.ii
line
baboon
found
!
hard
Ii
brown limestone,
horeforo
ho
late
"I
lid
ribbed
iling
i'i
on
woi
k,
wil
omo ordinary
I
I
glazed
it
..II
o|
i
pap
lii
i '
M
in
I
round
I
Liu;
lower purl
ol
baboon
"I
at
!0
lc\ el,
and
of
Li
ii
in
in n
row
nun
ru
Mill
1
1
II" III"
,
..I
idoug
-
Im
ton
foillilll
iii
im
i
red
"iii
|'"i
I.
tory
in
'
.i
(IlltC'll
Ii"
In'
[)ol
Im
:i
('"in
to
i|.i "
retched
oul
I"
iii
i-iii
i
ill
iii
ii
Mm
.-iii'l
i i I
with
purple
now
dry,
!/5(l
i
ilii
i'i
in
white
I
brown,
Im
1
in
brown
found
|"i I'i'v,
;onl
i.
M"
I,
In
in
1
.'II
-
Im
(lino
1
I!0li
iinii"
:iii'
I I
v.
human
I
I
figure
Mill
'
here, probably
boforo the
:i
iii
in
ii
I '
Im
1'
1"
In r
In
ii
posil
"l
i I
in.
'I
"M
pi.
Iii,
north
figures
"Mill
.
ol
Wosl
,:;
;n'"
potters
i
head
Ii,
of unl<
now
n age,
ill"
"i In
I
nil
in
111
1
1
lazed
I
w
"I
n
'i
i-
(bund
:i
found
'.')
im
i
Inli'il
uMii
iiiil
n|
ii
In
lli"
"
ion
'
il
im Mini
1
typo of head
found
al
ho
Iii ..v.
mil of
i
tdinnli
i
"nili
;n
J
.-ii
I"
lovol of
34, Mi"
"
n
111
|ii
im
I
I.
in
"I ealeitc
1
found
111 1(1
170 lovol
i ' '
,
'mi
i
h "in
roup
fi
I,
and show
In
50 OVdl
ii
iiii'l
;i"
Ih'I'i
I'ol'l
I"
i
;i
null,
|i<iiil;ilil
IVoiii
I"
Tomb M
I"
II
:i
largo
bond,
well
modelled
rod
.)
though
of
I/-,,/,
/,
liv)
I
vvliit'h
/,
' I
Inn"
lli"
about
o|
00
i
rough,
in
brown
I:
i I
pottory
i
with
paint,
"ii
in
ii
1111(1
I/"/./"
),
im
I'oigl]
V'
about Hi"
I'I,
(Cairo VIu
mi.
imiiiil
i
S
iii
rough
i;i
1
mud
.
doll
2(i
'
!05,
'
' I
I
III"
l-v.
i.l
II," ill"
li;il
li-in,
i
lili
Ii
'
1\
level
I'M
1*01
'
"I
.ill
'I
small
Ill""
.
coin
"I
,'!/'.,
'
III"
'(,i,
n
Ii
ill
III."
l
|>
if
w Im
arc
"
ii"
mi"
of ships,
"I
and
also
to
I
I
I
"I
IlKIIJIll
Iii
.1
',
//
Ii
,/.
jiiilni
branehos,
i
Jho form
in lli"
the
high ond
In
kIioWN
"
in
I.
H'
ll'olii
in
II
i|i
thn vossol
"'M
ho Im
ii
ii,
in-
unknown
i
thd
Mini
in" "i
Dynn
ill"
IhI
1
by,
1
tho\ hi
i
tomb
,
i
hi
II
ieni konpolis,
and also
in
some
"I
.J
I
iii
1"
I,,"
,i
Id
in
i i
from
:i
lioro,
ii
Tho square
has
ii
ujion
ill
'
ii
'iii
Li tli
ii
lli,,,
uiipolin,
.i
"i
in
in.
I"
nl,
1
middle
into
;
lino for
and
n
it
M"i
fi
ill \
hli'il
soparal
\\
Tin
in
i i
i"
of upi
'
'
i
diU'oroiii
I
fr
i'
I
.1
her
I
blool
lull ,w
would bo
"iii
ir
cabins
1 1 i
.
the
i
avy
the
lino
InI"'l
'l h
II
"I
Mi"
nil
I,
""I
:n
lli"
liki
roprc
Mi"
This
only
inII
illior
,in iii"
iiion
v,
.i
thci
:
1
In
ml
Ol
iii
Id
Mil"
1 1
ii
"
in
In
M ih
Ii
ii
"inn,
alloys
ho
ol
her figure
purple,
'
n,
i i
of
mill
til
.,
hip
'i,
i
being rowing
ion
I
"M
tiind
i.ii
form
II.
i
mi "
i
of
blacl<
|" J
i"i\
>
Ih'iI,
ill,
Ii',
al
md
l<\ "I
also
in
llin
:il
.1
x \, pi
probabh
potti i\
.
Croto
10
8(1
as
d<
cribed
under
the
Willi
d
thi
11)0
win''
ti
Hi"
ID
i'i.
.".
i
In.
in "
hi
!81
bal
ii--
i"
270
'
rod
potto rj
tnnd
h hich
\\
ere
OBJECTS BEFORE
I'lIK
l\
D">
N \-
commonly used
273
is
through
the
early
dynasties;
The subjects
it,
are, a
the
and the
a long-nosed d
bird
in
froi
figure
of
ram
are
is
well
the
modellod.
lor
The
the
"'
intermixed
in
the
.
punehod
triangles
substitutes
aller
triangular perforations as in
svi,
undern
\\i.
at
12).
l
in
ground
the
-71
is
a cylinder of black
;
steatite,
with
coincidence that
s ictly
all
fouud
it
Anhmos
<<(
at
186 level, or
/.or.
below
regions; bul
the
llako
the
typo of
and therefore
same
,,
is
about then
.1
Menu.
275
is
of red-faced
IVth or
from
Yth P\
-
of offerings,
in
its
[Iris
is
howovei' tho
it
finest
is
the
earliest
inscription
the
known
polish
condition, as
lias
the original
temple,
on
a piece of an
upright
vasoofbrowu
.
and
is
quite unworn.
others ore
It
reads intelligibly,
less
limestone,
[trends
ii
show
though and
all
more or
of
blundered,
servnnl
of
ing
that
belonged
to Vs
tho
furniture of the
Neit,
five
temple
of
Upuat,
are
fouml
o(
V.
y>\\
in
pi,
tho
1.
Khnumu, Khnumu,
.
Tota."
Noit,
rhere
iu*e
others
known
with
chambers which
north
it
mentioning
but
and
two
tho
of
title
^\'
them
tho
earliest
temple
none have
with
in
of servant,
deiti*
to connect
tho
names
was that of Upuat and not of Osiris, is a portion ^( a howl y<( rook crystal
I'ln-
was found
house rubbish
at
1ST level to
pi. Ii as 18G).
with
tho
it
inscription
\>
possibh
boat
belonged
to
tho
furniture of a reyol
30
ABYDOS
II.
CHAPTER
III.
the
1st
found
in
the
midmost
in pi.
of
Ii,
the
three
store
chambers marked C
described, under
pi.
3.
the
The ivury
uf
that
statuette of
monarch that
figure
same
age,
of which
light.
In
stucco remained.
the
head
where
should
xiv,
284.
Happily,
the /ca-name of
front of the
47.
280, of
PI. xiv.
A
is
fragment of a
closely like his
King Zet
work found
extraordinary
to
when magnified
double the
size
pi. xiv, it
177 level,
Dynasty.
The
beetle amulet
was
at
120,
life-size statue.
The proportion
;
earliest
slightly exaggerated
in
as,
:
indeed,
minute work
is
but the
it
the
same
but
the
bull's
head
amulets
I,
li,
as well
handled as
of
were
5,7.)
(Abydos
4,
scale,
and
is full
power
;
283
with
is
a figure
much
of this polish
is
of an ox, sn and
/
signs
of
slightly worn.
conveys to us of
The ear is very true The idea which the personality of Khufu
The
We
see the
of
the
energy,
will,
the
commanding
firm
air,
the indomitable
the
IVth Dynasty.
stitutes
for
They appear
sacrifices
to
be the sub-
and
the
ability
of
man who
the
which
Khufu
the
had
-lamped
for
abolished.
time
in
the scale of
288
is
clay sealing of
L'serkaf,
only
works.
that
we
such known.
i'S!l-2!H
know resembled
in
head; and
it
it
stands aparl
same form;
portraiture,
though perhaps
may be comfigure
CTser-en-ra on 289,
pared
with
may be dated
2H2
is
to the
Vth Dynasty.
The
was
X.Wini DYNASTIES.
like
.".1
regular
User ab (Khafra) as
possibly
is
it
it
has
and
to.
super-
i,
80)
it
is
probably
fluous;
is
ast-ab-timi
(Userenra).
of the
its
position
is
marked
lii.
No. 20
chambers on
I'serkliau
pi.
293
of the
the decree of
Xefcrarkara
Yth Dynasty.
at
inscription clearly
face
Dynasty
50.
(Royal
I'l
Tombs
xviii.
ii,
xxii,
178,
179).
Nos. 2\ and
l'ls.
downwards
C on
pi.
lii,
xvii,
These
two
decrees
decree of Teta.
were found
close
the translation.
shown
at
C on
the plan,
The fca-name
usual
lists,
48.
of
PL xv.
types.
Some
The
were
in the
and
new
chisels
10
are of the
supposed
it
to
be of king Userkara,
common
But
as vet
are
quite
Aty but it is on the Palermo stone, as the Icaname of Neferarkara, and hence this decree is They had apparently been of the Vth Dynasty.
placed one on each side of the road leading to
the north entrance of the cell of burnt offering,
which might be a
tire
tender,
6).
like the
later
I, xl,
The
to
chisel
Avith
is
neAV
6,
and
the
ground
293),
of
offerings
beyond.
The
us.
The pointed
flat
or
all
borers,
5,
by weathering
(as seen
and
the
chisel,
well
known.
was
on
pi.
xiv,
many
The ages
in
judged by comparing
to distinguish.
The
of
translations
The arrow,
form to the
9,
bed of Sankhkara,
and
dates
lead
that
Xlth
xx.
Pepy
of
II
was
stones
UserIt
Dynasty.
in loose
The
tesen I in the
retains
earliest
the
Roman.
rains,
The weight,
and
so the
14,
is
of about
it
2,080
refer
instance
of the
winged
stele of
30 numeral on
It
must
at
disc
and serpents,
II
is
The
was found
100
Pepy
the lower
in
and
is
of the Old
scribe, 15,
Kingdom.
The ebony
in
palette
for a
the
in
Pepy
in
(see
XXVIthfound
mostly
itself.
All
the
XXVIIIth Dynasty.
49.
scattered
down
it
mud ground
15.
which
the
PL
xvi.
was embedded,
The lower
in various
part was
much
The
None
of
them are
identical with
those private
;
ones already
known from
but
to the
showing a seated queen pavement of Sankhkara, and The either Pepy I or Merenra.
slab
name Pepy
the
is
12
of
the
of
1st
pi.
it
Dynasty by
xii,
its
level
(see
is
pavement.
uirrij
description
276).
No.
first
18
of
k-name
the
of
Pepy
is
I,
historic value, as
time the
followed by a long
the
list
of offerings.
This
like
k-name
of
Menkaura.
of
offerings
on
temple
walls
of
32
AISYlxtS
11.
Mentuhotep
at Kalinii
;
III. (pi.
II
I")
and
xix.
17 to
lintel
16
in
probably
if
came from
the temple of
pi.
Pepy, and
51.
in
tlir
I'l.
been
inserted
the stucco
lace of a
wooden
mud
lies
outside
the
the
17 and box; the stucco around them was gilt. IS is a shemi of green glaze, the I!) are buds.
middle
bright
tilled
offerings
from
yel
carnelian.
20
is
white
(originally
times
onward;
the
only
examples
blue?) petal.
black glaze.
and
known
J
i-
the
Dcir-cl-Hahri deposit.
a
has come
it
down from
viii,
(F,l
Kiih
2)
box
covered
with
gilt
was
mat
also
lei',
contained
of
vegetable
stucco,
and
with
at-
found
is
apparently
roll
papyrus.
These
crushed up
197
seem
to
known
52.
mirrors
in early Crete.
I'l.
dwindled
gold
size
to
the
pretty
a.
little
silver or
in
xxii.
A
to
group of copper
corroded
the west of
tools
in
pi.
and
one
liii.
cases of the
thickness of
pencil
the
was
found
little
together
II
XIIlli
Dynasty;
later
mass, at a
on
hut
cover
The
level
therefore
they were
to
two copper howls of the age of Pepy. Id are alabaster vases, all of which
Pepy
No.
certainly far
see,'
than
those
Nllth Dynasty,
is
of
lVpy
II,
and
instance,
7
Kahwi,
But
xxix,
the
round-
shows
These,
headed adzes
and 8 are
see
with the
Vth Dynasty
are
[Vth Dynasty,
Medum
Hence
fit
the
At
II
two from
buried
The
chisels
1st to
leathers
found
together.
The copper
lasted
from
the
The axes
and 4 are
I
Ifh
thrown
pi.
into a
corner
of
the
(see
liii),
along with
we go back
to the
xlv, 27).
So
7,
!S,
form a valuable
the
link.
The
adzes,
In
fronl
door of the
Pepy temple
a,
have
but
lYth Dynasty
those of
are
much
then.
them of Pepy
and one
in relict
on both sides,
the head
was
So here again
series.
is
an intermediate
shown here
incised
festival
o|
Pepy
I,
with
first
single
The
knife,
9,
i-
inscription.
sedheb
if
of the
kin-: and
they seem as
festival.
they
steie
any of the
Hint knives.
The
The
mirrors,
5,
OBJECTS OF
as
is
Vim XXVI
I,
mi
DYNASTIES.
}
ye1
known.
Rusted on
to to
this
it,
tools,
6 of alabaster, 7,
in the
of g azed
pottery.
These
were inserted
in
midst of
other
mud
bricks placed
of iron, which
is
may have
is
been
wedge.
the
deposits,
with
plain
plaques
of
copper.
deposits.
in
Egypt, and
as
showing
thai
known
at
a wall of Userte en
a far earlier
ordinary use.
in
how a free-standing
Usertesen
I.
The
halbert, 10,
of iron,
Ramessu
probably
in
Limestone
lintel
of
>ei
oldest iron
1
1
weapon known
12,
xwi.
PI.
The
iron swords,
and
were found
in
xxiv,
1
hotep
arc
undated.
XXVIth
like a
sandstone.
taining long
inscriptions of Mentuupon blocks of soft brown They were parts of a shrine conall
xxv.
The
Dynasty, as
lists
of offerings
for
the statue of
influence on the
looks
more
the
king,
and
this
was
therefore a
funereal
mediaeval type.
The
53.
PI. xxiii.
2.
Sandstone
block
of
earlier
list
of offerings of
Pepy
shows that
of Sankhkara,
drawn on
pi.
tomb
of the king.
king,
and
offerings.
a part of a
cartouche
lehau,
Ba-Jcha
.,
probably
all
Ba-lcha-
Usertesen
III.
But
to
this
name and
It
erasure,
XVlIIth Dynasty. The blocks of Sankhkara are of limestone. They had been reused in foundations by Usertesen I and Tahutmes III. 54. PL xxvi. Not much of Usertesen I was
found,
work belongs
it
although
from the
the
outline
size
of his
stone
it
XII th
foundations and
of his temple
much
sculpture.
The
the fonnula
down
name
en-
it
graved.
It
was found
same doorway.
and hence
The
granite,
of
is
Atha
is
roughly cut
in
black
and
very
difficult to read.
Xllth.
is
The
a foundation deposit plaque of alabaster palace of the
lea
Ameny
is
of black
granite
and
is
and
of
work with
of the early
the
uninscribed
statuette
I,
found
Sankhkara.
and therefore
Aahmes
I.
XII th Dynasty.
to this age.
PL
xxvii.
emptied,
pi. lv.
at
W. end
of
size
and
style to
I.
It
6-8.
was found
in the
34
A.BYDOS
of limestone with, grooves in the face
pi.
II.
The block
of
it
liii.
man
is
seated on the
flat,
on
was probably
for holding-
two staves
The
figure
was stolen
at
from
my
house
XVIIIth Dynasty.
lull
who
with a brush
such as
is
paint, just
obtained.
said that
35
of bribes
were
used to mark
at
Egyptian railway
as they
present.
These
copied
xxx, xxxi.
These
steles
found in
were found.
They seem
to refer to the
by Mr.
is
Griffith.
The
stele of
Penthen, however,
dome.
The
xxviii.
later ones
7
name
the destination at
Ba
lii i
Abydos, Nos.
LO.
of
Sebekemsauf II
{Naaada
stele
;
PL
also like a
at Ballas,
xliii, 4).
has been
son
on
our
"
is
named
to be
the inscriptions
down
Thoth
is
and
it is
(Compare
considered whether he
Tahuti.
hau anhhu in L. D.
iii,
36.)
As Sebekemsaf
By
Hamamat, he
south of the
Of
;
must have been of importance, and have lived So before the decay of the Middle Kingdom.
the
more
likely order
would be
([).
Ra
Ii'n
Upuatemsaf.
Sebekemsaf
Penthen.
and
litted
together on paper.
identical, only
Iin selchem
shedi taui,
Sebekemsauf
(II).
are almost
Khentamenti
Ba
These
his son
show
Ba
Tahuti.
PL xxix.
is
The
Ankhu
to the as
yet
at
|"
Less
usual
the
quite unknown.
inscription
in later timi
of
king whose
The limestone
showing
stele of Senbtefi
is
i>
thai Osiris
Horus name, or lea name, was Merut, and throne name Ra-U-aqer. lie is quite unknown hitherto,
but
probably belongs
side
to
the
XlVth Dynasty.
Abydos.
in
accord
in
god here
lieseli
paving,
in
01'
to the exclusion of
siris.
to
a
them
reconstruction.
The
inscription
of
Amenj
is
from
Beated
the
that
of the
The
may
as a possible
2.
age for
this.
up
at
"\ erthrowi]
lie
and brok<
it.
tip,
and bb
the blocks
uoav
plate
3.
ami by Mr.
Stele
Griffith.
to
tin'
west of
A.mong
some
of
Antef,
Nub-kheper-ra,
followed
by
The top
and of
is
Left-hand piece
is
clearly pari of
is
fchi
top
in
5.
of the lintel.
Below
that
I>.
Tahutmes
49,
51),
111
Sebekamsaf.
another
slab
The colouring
of
of these,
iii,
with
the
Antef not
published,
in
blue-grey, red,
tints
are
a piece which
This
date
seems
-tall',
an
argument
of
the
later
The
to
Antef V.
From
is
or XI 11th Dynasty
that of Neferhotep
III.
closely like
central object.
Beyond
As monuments
the gateway
The
The
is
exactly that of
Amenemhat I
The queen
as if
;
could
fit
into
Koptos, and
An-mut-f.
The
is
probably
is
daughter
of
Sankhkara
whom
at left base
probably part of the other jamb with a Ionmultiple cartouche of both names in one. Possubject was
Head
of
Aahmes
I,
I offering.
Compare
This
is
his
sibly
the
;
Avhole
lintel
not symleft
;
portraits in Abydos
frontispiece.
is
not
metrical
there
the
the
here represented as
on
II
another
and
Amenhotep
for the
room
columns
This
the
name
Tahutmes
III.
deposits, p. 21.
10.
lintel of
150
will
57.
PI.
xxxiv.
list
of
11.
Memphis and
palm
spathe,
see
and
left
rough
in the
Treasurer.
hollows.
They were
all
which
Mr.
is
Griffith's chapter.
xxxv.
Sandstone slab
of
Sety
36
VliYDOS
of
II.
figure
Hapi.
This
is
the
only
trace
of
Tahutmes,
as
marked on
of
building
The
dooi'-
PI. xxxvii.
Neb1
obliquely through a
of
Avail.
en-maat
is
by the
style
The
lace
is
injured, and
markable
work of
was brother
Osiri-.
of
figure
of
Pa-raof
of
II
:
the
best
work
of the
reign
Ramessu
II
wavy
Slab
Ramessu
at
hair, the
muscular
of the back,
and the
above, and
the
then
about
unusual
at that period.
thick
lower
third,
having
is
an L-shaped section.
clear.
The use
of
of
it
not
The photographs of the figure are given in This wezir was brother of Minnies, pi. xxxv.
and half brother of the great Unnefer, high
priest
Nezem, keeper
of the
of
Osiris,
by
the
same mother
inscription
is
(see
Abydos
I, -47).
The large
on the
front, the
strip
The two
in-
Theper
Tauraa.
7.
.,
and
his
sister
The
translation
is
given in Mr.
Part
of
kneeling
front,
holding
sides,
altar,
chapter.
PI. xxxviii. fer
inscribed on top,
both
back, and
The upper
inscriptions of
in
Unneof
IV.
group
st<ine.
sculptures
which had
been
thrown together
Slab
of
Ramessu
is
III
XVIIIth Dynasty
mer-en-a>t
who
also
late
hitherto
slab
;
unknown.
(Cairo
Museum.)
Another
with
no head, was
found
Amen-
down
PI.
in the
hotep
(PI. lvii).
chapel.
The
At
top
is
inscription of
Nezem
is
on the back of a
xxxvi.
the scene
is
on
much decayed
group of
a
small
limestone
which
of
unusually
and broken.
goddess,
(2) a
delicate
work
figure
in the features.
is
Osiris,
Ramessu
a
II,
and
guide.
The
seated
I
inscription below
in
much
Mark granite
tin-
Amenhotep,
of this
decayed limestone;
figure,
(">)
squatting limestone
scribe
ila-
over
palace
al
Memphis, and
i>
over
treasury.
pi.
The photograph
to
given on
head
of
i1
xxxii. 11.
much split, with inscriptions on back, base, and down front; (I) a Limestone baboon, which was badly split: a Muck of lime('>)
should suppose
II
belong
i<>
tin-
reign
stone of
section, the
outside
"I'
<>f
the
upright
11
Amenhotep
graceful,
lorials
;
or
Tahutmes IV.
than
i-
The wort
in
limb
(pi.
having xxxv,
.*'>);
the
cartouches
Ramessu
and
an.
is
I
finer
usual
seated
It
such
a
(6) a neck of a
\.i>.,
Roman amphora
when
the figure
mi
\<,w
of
tin'
firsl
century
which shows
step,
which
was found
OBJECTS OF THE
Vim
WYIni DYNASTIES.
haps
boats
the
aegis
87
The lower
group of
inscription
of
of
Any
is
below
gods,
of
some god.
as
yet.
Such decorated
figures
to be
Auy and
the
too
are
is
unknown
The
figure
of
a
a
much broken
PL xxxix.
in
i<
worth reproducing.
of these
harper
interesting, as
All
pieces
were found
First
camp
from
the
stool.
a
The lower
stone
statue
of
piece
are
all
hard lime-
of
Mut-tuy,
II.
seventeenth
vulture
is
on
with a row
daughter
Ramessu
The
was
This
the first
ing
where
lower
(like
the
monument
Greek
princess,
lisl
who
is
at
Luqsor.
;;s
ABYDOS
1L
CHAPTER
IV.
58.
Pl.
xl.
Although many
flint
flakes
were
piece of a vase
third stone vase
in the
level,
is
is
described under
pi. xii.
A
176
flints,
only a
of
in
floor,
and so of an
early
dynasty.
in the
and
it
will
59.
Nos.
3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
smooth
6, 7,
it
and 17 have
all
it,
as Nos. 3, 5,
first fifty
and
is
10.
On comparing
town and
these and
in the temple,
is
was never
being more
The
is
equal to
1 1
may be due
;
level in
the temple
which accords
closely
I,
worn away with scraping but they seem more pointed than those used in the earlier
to being
(See Abydos
may
the
be reckoned a
handle notch
late
Black Pottery,
class
1st
is
Dynasty.
unlike any
20
to 36.
This
in
of pottery
known
in
in early
all
Egypt.
through,
flint
here
the
;
is
33,
general.
which
gives another
between
pre-
They
ochre.
softer,
historic lance
the size
The vases 32
with a polished
lines,
to
and form
cut,
is
that of the
is
would not
Dynasty)
(See
face,
and
it
it
so
late
(Vllth
Xlth
burnished
the jar 36.
of the
as
for
instance,
up and down
specially
that
must be regarded
I,
as an
amulet.
The forms
;
Abydos
24).
Greek family
PI. xlii.
at the right-hand
in
base gives
levelling.
in the
the temple
the foot of 35
the
con-
Only
tln^ee
also western
this,
and
temple
site.
No.
is
a piece of a rockis
vase 35,
crystal bowl, of
given
source of the
without
a
.\.\ Villi
on
pi.
xii,
it
279.
history.
A
from
the
neck
of
hawk on
this
seems
to
bearoyal
the
royal
vessel
probably
belonged
boat.
Another
neolithic
age
S9
Deshasheh xxxiii,
15.
The
offering vases
(//.
which
1
They
belong
is
one
fabric;
and
the
we know
to
in the
Is)
Dynasty
V.
i,
xliii,
10)
source of that
the rougher
presumably Cretan.
Egypt.
Probably
in
little
Nos.
at
was imported
Pottery with
to
93
95;
they
continued 96
is
to
a
the
Villi
M.
69,
is
Dendereh
the
(xvi, 5, 7).
of value
as
away
of the
37
is
of the type of
little
Vth (Desk
xxxiii, 20)
Perabsen (Abydos
later.
3!' is
f,
vii,
31) or perhaps a
97 isapeculiar form, in
ware;
several
it.
very
long
of the
41
is
most
38
were found
inside
98
is
Dynasty.
dealt
The
in
same appearance.
100,
The
lid of
an incense burner,
chamber
filling
with
may
Dynasty (Dend.
The head-rest
101
is
60.
Pottery of
IlndVth Dynasty.
PI. xliii.
unknown
The
L06
The forms here lead on from those of the 1st Dynasty to the well-known IV th Dynasty types. The open bowls should be compared with those
in
0(3,
110 to 112havealong
Medum
of the
xxx,
early
9,
10
splay-
are known in the Illrd Dynasty (Dend. xvi, 1). The compound forms of stand and dish in one
lip
bowls seems to
have been
piece
are
I,
known from
xxxv, 195
avoided after
liable
the
Abydos
197)
to
break,
from a vase
in
No. 109.
It is
possible, indeed,
is
intended to
75,
unique
it
61.
PL
xlv.
and 11G
on a light ground.
at
it is
The
position of
pi. lii as "
it
is
marked
jar "
;
ribbed
is
new
to us at this
probably of the
Illrd
or
IVth
78
Dynasty.
in
to that
Medum
79
and
The rough
xxx, 69) 121 and 122 are also 125 is not known so small (see Dend. xvi, 13) a IVth Dynasty form (Medum xxx, 5), and 126,
town (Abydos
finger-marked jars 80
83
Xth Dynast}-,
132,
we
see
the
early types of
rough
lingering
in
(Medum
vessels
like
Medum
137
xxxi,
28.
The hand-made
pots
to
Vth Dynasty (Deshasheh xxxiii, 22), and quite so in the Vlth Dynasty (Dendereh xvi, 8). The narrow-necked vases 88 92 PI. xliv.
8,
known
earlier,
seem
have
as in
also
Dend.
do not begin
to
till
the
2527,
40
ABYDOS
form and handling, as 149, 152, 153, 154
in the
;
II.
in
Mentuhotep
111. last
Pro-
west group
age of
The
its
in the de-
The types
Dynasty
at
marked X, on
pl.liv,
known
in the
Xllth
have
Dendereh, and
II
also
of Usertesen
So these may
1!
CHAPTER
V.
THE INSCRIPTIONS.
By
F.
Ll.
Griffith,
F.S.A.
62.
I'l.
xvi.
In this
new
collection of puzzles
In 8 we probably
At
we
see a
column
king,
:
have
(T]
N^
name
of the
in 9 a female title
common
in the Illrd
this
may
be Hez-hotep.
,
correspond
to
the
royal
seal,
but was
At
"
may
^
In 15 there
is
the
name
~p
Nefermaat, which
well
two portions
"
Command
known
as belonging to
an important member of
described as
is
faces in
title of
the person to
direction.
whom
it is
addressed
the
in
the other
Medum.
as "
On
18 King Menkaura
his
is
To judge by
analogy
of
the
7ca-name
given
arm of the bull of Ra (?) ": 20 shows the Horus name of TJserkaf, and 21 the cartouche
Horus name ^r^ the same names.
same may
have appeared
upon the
face.
qMK:
At the
foot
of the decree
22 has fragments of
divided into
himself," the
two
"
"
is
another
(?)
line, also
in
presence of
the king
it
The most interesting of the inscriptions found this year at Abydos are those upon the three
63.
plates
<
was
"sealed
(?)
on a certain
date,
apparently
xvii-xix.
>ld
Kingdom
xvii.
unrepresented
on
in
the
monuments.
tombs
We
can
lands," the
"
the
"
two
Command
first
charges
private
of the
Old
(The
and
lines of the
decree
itself
Kingdom, respecting the /-'/-servants and the property of the endowment, and on the other
with the royal order of the boy-king Neferkara
to
his
officer
-rem
".
to give
. . .
no connected sense.)
to
reckon
....
cattle
[this]
?]
and
(?)
all
is
products
therein
land
was
the
preserved unto
Khent[amentiu
of
(i.e.
Khentaby
menthes, Osiris
Abydos)
king
of
for
[it?]
command
of
the
The
first
alike
in general
eternity,
arrangement.
engrossed
character
;
No doubt
in
commanded
on papyrus
kind
of hieratic
royal
chancellor,
governor of the
South
\ekau-Assa
42
ABYDOS
" [hi presence of the king himself]
:
IT.
sealed (?)
the third
month
is
of inundation (?),
day
2 (?)."
....
PL
This
xviii.
k-name
work They
is
done
god.
The cartouche
in the
\j J
command
Egypt
task
(?).
.
of
may perhaps be
king.
It
is
the
prenomen
is
of
the
same
Ira
every
sign
in the
Another
reading
" Verily
every
man
of the
Horus
name,
Nefer-khau
of
this
(the
lands
(?)
of the
god
not quite
similar
to
certain),
period,
and very
the
one
now under
Fraser
'
consideration,
a
nome
"
was noted
El Bersheh.
of
by Mr.
Any magnate
of
(?)
or
royal
or
inspector
embankments
these things
of
( )
who
king
shall
"
do
the
according to
which
is
is
me
that
"In
presence
the
himself;
precisely
xvii,
form
of the
decrees
on an
sealed (?)
"
pi.
xviii
it
must
have
the
recorded
honorific
"command" from
king
64.
to the
PL
II.
xix.
The architrave
inscription
is
of
Pepy
king.
The decree is probably of the same The record of sealing and date are
;
might be subjected.
(unto) the superin-
the heading
Command
title is
of the
king
lost,
tendent of the
The
to
relate
chiefly to
the
administration, always
repute
Abydos
in
fact
the
nomarch himself
ments, a share in
is
The statement is in tabular we can learn from the fragan ox and a portion of milk
(?)
princedom.
decree itself some of the writing
1
to
be given
from
each festival to
the
In the
ox" and
in the
amongst
measure
of milk "
which occur
the
horizontal
in
lines;
but
there
is
much
obscurity
the
".
larder
inscription.
'
(?)
to
take
(?)
nome
*")
which
any
the
mother
of
Neferkara
of
the
pyramid
Menankh,
Pepyankhnes royal
god
....
in
which
mother of Merenra of the pyramid Kbanefer, (5) the statue ofthe chief judge and wazir Zau:
which statues (possibly
this
refers
only to the
El Bersheh
ii,
p. hi.
first
three) are
in
48
endowment(?),
liavi
was
discharged
from
this
duty
I
they
made by him
Isiris
<
as his
<
monument
fsiris
to
his
father
are
protected
(?)
have not
thi
nnophris (or
statuette
is
Khentamenthi
a
receive
The
of
Osiris
inscribed with
the
prayer to
lord
ol
to
the
extent
Khentamenthes
royal city
great
god,
eternity."
" Sealed
fourth
in
of the
of
and
wa/.ir
Ameiiv, begotten
month
of harvest (Mesore),
day 8."
milk must
the
....
xxvii.
The
fractions of cattle
and
jars of
refer to
PI.
Amongsl
quarry marks
the
on
of
at the festivals.
the
9 gives
name
7
and
Pepy
I.
(Meryra)
"year 50
No. 12
Abydos."
These
must
almost
two
sisters
of the
noble Zau.
Both these
Thothmes
if
sisters
seem
1
to
so
name
of Pepy-ankhnes or
variant Meryra-
ankhnes.
is
may have
PI.
The
xx.
The
inscriptions
I.
here
appear to
be the
In those of Sebek-
belong to Pepy
-r S^.
*^c
may
hotep
III
his
name on
as
made
we read " King Sebekhotep hath monument to his father KhentaOnnophris), the making for
that
Osiris
Mr. Petrie
may
menthes
(var. Osiris
65.
PI. xxiv-v.
III,
Mentuhotep
chiefly to
relating
may give him his protection daily." The altar is inscribed PL xxix.
sab
with
offerings.
On
and ari-nekhen
Ankhu born
?)
of
Hent-pu.
The
Ankh-taui
this
temple of
Abydos
for
begotten of the
and divine
It
on
seems odd
is
that
the
not referred
Horus,
(Onouris)
The
figure of
Ameny
to Osiris
King Nebkherura,
is
Ab}dos,
<
the
"chancellor,
chief
steward
>n
Ameny (?),
of the lady Kemtet."
Upuaut."
I.
The name
for
of the father
PL
xxvi.
The
inscriptions
of Usertesen
means "Bread
of the poor."
can be restored
PL xxx,
1.
Prayer
the "official of a
Hen- Borchardt
in
Deir
el
Gebrawi
i.,
pp. 29-30.
Mema, born
of Metu-ankh."
44
ABYDOS
2.
71.
begotten of
his
majesty found
satisfac-
thou
forth
eldest son
of Gel),
in
mighty god
Khcnta"
coming
....
king
Ta-ur,
his
majesty
An
early
unto
(?)
him
[of
with
vessels
and
example of
3--j.
hymn
to Osiris.
steles
Fragments of
with
many names
of wine-vessels
this
and bronze,
his son
and
titles.
was done
for
him by
who
PI. xxxi.
was hitherto
probably the
The introductory
lines
inscription
was followed
Part of
lines
unknown.
Pen(?)then
Sekhem-khu-taui-Ra
that
of
by three
the
right
of tabulated offerings.
two horizontal
on
nomen.
Below the
of the king's of the king's
in
hand fragment.
small
fragment
left
inscriptions, "
Favour granted
lea
should
piece
as
hand
this,
it
Osiris to the
The objection
points out,
is
to
the
lea
Mr. Petrie
a
that
daughter
Neferu."
Penthen
the later
brings
this end.
high
number,
1,
120
2 at
part of the
New Kingdom
but
the
amongst the
(Heading)
low numbers,
He
of This,"
offered
Thinite":
" he
the
of "
spelling
for
"Daily [provision]
"
In
[by?
wwA
early as
Kingdom,
the table
we
see various
to
which period
66.
plate
PI.
probably belongs.
xxxiv.
From
numbers 82, GO, 200, 700of loaves bat of many sizes 13, 41, 60, 100. 146,
half bushel (quadruple heqt) of Hour
;
called
to the
we
learn that
also
hay
gifts to
The
inscription
Below
heading
An
forth
the
probably of the
followed
occasion of the
Pari of this
written in horizontal
which
lines.
The enumeration
intervals
is
in
two
lines
ie
former
by vertical
should be moved
conies opposite to
the left
a
one
i
line
.
down, so that
large fragment on
these
(?)
<
(Heading)"
of
.
The
King Thothmes,
. .
anew unto
of offerings
his
is
father
was
by
'siris
."
The
:
list
it
exces-
long gap,
another small
fragment
joins
sively fragmentary
kinds of
its
I,
objects in
iron
(?),
list
righl
33!'
Connecting
read
".
:
silver
and bronze.
we
read,
"my
aruras
these
pieci
together
we
may
of ///(/(/-land ami 40
of higher land.
Also
my
fine
the
-,;, r.-)
j
thai
linen
majesty gave unto him serfs anew to and white cloth ...."'
make
I'll!-:
INSCRIPTIONS.
to
PI.
XXXVI.
the
king,
what
and Osiris
the kin-'I
is
pious and
pleas og
'"
washed my god,
"Favour granted by
i
purified
Below are
figure
tin
inscriptions
upon a squatting
under
Ra-
scribe,
steward
of
Memphis,
superintendent
of
il
(Pa-)Ra-hotep,
a
wazir
Amenhotep.
lord
of
:
and evidently
Bet
Memphite worshipper
is
He
T
says
'
thee,
lea
iif
l'tah.
ween
his
arms
shrine shapi
'I
d-Pek,
my
each day
tablet
worn
uiir
cartouche of
his king
<
arm
i%
royal
chancellor,
the
me
offerings of bread
divine
father
Ra-hotep
cloth
May
oil
with the
name
My
me
:
unguent and
wazir as fosterer
of the temple
max'
receive
cloth.
fillets
became
(?)
May
On
a
downwards,
is
as a perfect spirit,
may
I not
I
be parted
one (who
:'
in
am
detesting evil,
without crime
(?),
"The
chief of
secrets
of
.
the
great
place,
who
...
the chancellor
lord, protect
ttli
,.
burial and
Ra-hetep, he says,
'
O my
.... me for
make
my the chief steward of the king, one praised who came forth from the body of one praised, my my excellent satisfier of the heart of his lord, the
king's
hotep.''
my
soul,
body
bones
be good, and
scribe,
steward
of
Memphis,
Amenin
For
truth'
am
the
says,
wazir Parahotep,
who
is
a-
The
the
inscription
is
god.
train,
He
'Let
me become
:
as those in thy
XVIIIth Dynasty.
PI. xxxvii.
67.
On the
(?)
J
of a statue.
who see thy forms exalt me amongst the make me divine amongst the souls. Let me be summoned to thy presence daily, and
spirits,
At
the back
/"j
not be
destroyed
from
out
the
land
'
the
of
11,
Osiris)
(?),
the
the cere-
xxxviii.
at
Unnefer,
the
high priest
Osiris
Abydos
in the reign of
Rameses
'I
was
divine
servant
(?)
of
has
left
many
records.
in
Of the fragments
in this
my
master
....
plate,
If
I established
raised that
"
(?).'
up upon the
scaffolding of the
barge
above
side
:
should
placed
below
them,
On one
maat
:
servant Xebenpriest
he
says,
of
so
that
O
hymn
are joined.
The
in-
Ta-ur,
kher-heb of the
:
therein.'
. .
.
On
"
He
savs,
doius;
scription was a
or prayer addressed by
AKYDOS
to
11.
Unnefer
thy son
Osiris
live,
it
ends "
'
make liameses
his enthrone-
[Addenda
to
Abydos
1.
Jt
is
best
to
state
to
establish thou
/, lx, 2,
ment upon the great seat, advance him (?) in the royalty of the two lands that he may live for ever,' (pronounced) by the chief priest of
when
copied.
In
the
in
third
column
read,
Mris, Unnefer."
>
is
The second
Hathor,
divine
scribe,
all
inscription
an address to
deities,
11
nrzj
and
ill'
the fourth
T
said
son.
to be
including Harakhti,
Atum,
Ptah-Sokaris-Osiris,
!
The kneeling
of
figure,
pi.
Ennead
lxv, 8,
Unnefer,
is
of
Hora,
his
The
{
Karnak
inscriptions
read,
The
last
inscription
is
*
J)
'
|g
*]
ruler of
eternity,
Ptah-Sokaris,
Lord of the
-Jbl^jGI
at the side.
HV^t^^1iPI?nSyi3 <&>?
by the
feet.
by the Nile, of
its
offerings
rwmiiMitvHiDi
s
^>
for the
ka of the scribe of
city
the
steward
of
the
southern
(Thebes),
Th
festival of
Amon,
slightly varied.
Any."
W. M.
F. P.]
17
CHAPTER
VI.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS.
68.
Ix dealing
with so
many
details
it
may
be
temple.
In order to
compare the
place
relative
in
posi-
main
those
may
them
the order
temple
not more
Abydos /and
this
volume.
I III
Upuaut
.
Kbnumu
Anher
Khentamenti
Horus
Tahuti
.
Asar
Asar Khentamenti
Asar neb Abdu Asar neb Daddu
Hathor
Uazyt
Anpu
Asar-neb-ta-zeser
lead to a
name
of
names
in the
in a site.
We
see that
Upuaut appears
first period, is prominent through the Kingdom, and then disappears. Whereas Middle Osiris does not appear till the Middle Kingdom,
Upuaut
the
name on
48
ABYDOS
and
Osiris
II.
Dynasty;
till
alone
does
not
appear
two stages
It
after
the
the
XHIth Dynasty
/,
(pi.
xxviii).
The
to
this
the the
Illrd
IVth Dynasty.
And we
have
and
does
not relate
when Herodotus
temples
tradition
find
:
states that
The
appcais
deity
of
the
worship
of
the
place
Khuf'u
closed
the
sacrifices.
This
meets the
of
the
In
(pi.
(he
Vlth
conditions that
we
there
no temple, and
fire,
xix) as own-
the
was
siill
lived.
honour of Khentamenti
(xxiii).
Asar Asar
world
like
whenever a
new
who
is
in the
order of things
and
it
is
And
Xllth Dynasty
and
or
69.
neb
Ankhtaui,
for
time in the
new
light,
and
Xllth
XITIth Dynasty
At
the
beginning of the
1st
Dynasty we
however,
to
New
Kingdom
This
Osirian
on an equal footing.
Khentamenti, the
lastly
succession
of
Upuaut,
colours,
as
in
the
vase
of
Khentamenti, and
consistent a view
Osiris alone,
Mena
and
It
was
work,
scale
gives too
to
be merely the
in the
round
(pi. i)
and on a great
result of accident.
surfaces.
Certaiuly no
the temple
lord of
it
called
advance on new
of coloured
lines
Abydos
itself
an earlier date,
it
would then
glass
and
appeared
in
the
Khentamenti.
XVIIIth Dynasty. At the same early period arises the fine art in ivory carving, which is equal to anything done
later,
The change in the character of the temple under the IVth Dynasty is notable (see sect. 14). The great bed of vegetable ashes differs from
anything seen before, and the offerings of clay
in
it
and in
all
its
The statuette of the old king (pi. xiii), and some of the fragments on pis. ii, iii, show as good an underabove
later
Egyptian works.
are
is
similarly
unknown.
This
positive
standing
in the
of
change
that iiM
this
l-t
ami
great
age,
the later
in
neolithic
age.
The
small
a small
cell
ami
at a later
The date
of
xlii,
2036).
Pepy
in
the Vlth
Dynasty, and
SUMMARY OP RESULTS.
the earliest kind of painted island pol tery at the
The decrees
Dynasty
state
of
tli-
*s of the
same period.
(xvii, xviii)
are
the
only examples of
The camel had hitherto been unknown Egypt until late times. Now a camel head
pottery found with objects of the
(x,
in
in
documents of
with
the
carries
the
old
Kingdom.
\
The
Ttli
iron found
Dynasty
Dynasty
metal
for
back
or
knowledge of
years,
as
it
thai
two
it
three
at
thousand
and
rare
much
like the
shows that
metal
in
was
<
leasl
known
the
>ld
Kingdom, though
Greek times.
present
did not
by Zippelin.
Income common
till
The statue of Khafra has long been one of the main treasures of early Egyptian portraiture,
but his more celebrated
predecessor,
Though not
in
the
volume, we
cliff
may
temple
Khufu,
to us
by appearance.
At
work
Wfllth
we have recovered
by
its
a statuette, which,
though
Dynasty.
so small, yet
exquisitely minute
The clearing of the ten successive temples of Abydos has given, for the first time, the continuous history of a
ties.
We
site
through
all
the dynas-
realize
And
it
most
ruling
character
that
Egypt ever
new view
produced.
ABYDOS
II.
APPENDIX,
THE SIZES OF BRICKS.
70.
In uncovering walls of so
sizes of the
many
periods the
feet long
lie
comparison of the
of use for
we cannot
say.
They
on the N.W.
Tahutmes
but
The time required for finding the dimensions of one set of these unbaked mud bricks was considerable. One or two joints might show, or even a wall might show its bricks all
different walls.
The
by
over,
soft
mud
nominal width.
The breadths
to
which
the
are
following
Inches.
and
vary
fixed.
Ft
is
not
sufficient
to
measure
the
joints
several
in
together in one
thickness
;
length, as
4.3
Foundation W. of
wall,
liii.
S.
the
its
brick
itself
must be
side.
clearly delimited
from
mortar on each
5.22
5.6
S. wall of
W.
square,
Iv.
lii.
The breadths
of the bricks
Wall
S. of
ash shrine,
but this
is
by no means
plans
exact,
5.72
Low
houses
under
Kom-es-Sultan,
xlix.
For
reference
on
the
letters
or
6.05
more than one alphabet would be used up, numbers were better. It seemed best then to use the medium breadth of the bricks as a reference number, as
numbers might be used.
as
But
6.1 2
Base of E. outside
6.2
6.45
that gives
size.
6.5
W.
of K. in
liii,
in
measurements and
to refer
table.
&c,
Usertesen
deposit
pit,
The general conclusions from this table that from 1st to Vth Dynasty there is nothing
tinctive in the size,
wall,
6.4.
The Vlth Xlth Dynasties show larger sizes, from 5.2 to Pepy's 7.8. Then the Xllth Dynasty
only used the greater of these
sizes, 7.0 to 7.35.
in
both.)
&c,
filling
of a break in
N.W.
And
the
8.9 to
XVIIIth went outside of all these into To whom belong the 9.0 for the width.
1.3
patched
xlix.
TIIK SIZES
OP BRICKS.
51
1.1
[Tsertesen
lvi.
W.
wall,
S.
end 303-
266,
7.1
W.
side
temple A. 202-189,
Li.
of X.K. thick
wall,
1.4
liii.
construction chamber
in
above,
7.2
Lower
xlix.
part
inside
Kom-es-Sultan,
J3.K,
of
Kom-es-
and
xlix.
walls
of
Kom-es-Sultan,
8.7
8.9
9.0
12.1
Tahutmes
wall,
III wall
on W.,
lvii.
III
The excess
breadth
is,
of the
length
over double
the
(i.e.
on an average,
XVIIIth Dynasty.
of 13.5
The two
different lengths
(see 7.0)
mixed
together,
allow
of
bonding
across
wide
DIMENSIONS OF BRICKS.
Nominal.
62
ABYDOS
11.
Nominal.
..;;
INDEX TO PART
Aahmes
I,
II.
....
bi
ABYJJUS
dish, in ivory
.
.
ir.
Cow
,,
,
24
25
Frogs
Fruits, glazed
quartz
.
Cretan pottery
Crocodiles
Crystal bowl
28, 38,
.
48
25
Girl, figure of
.
29, 38
.
Glaze polychrome
Currelly, Mr. C. T.
Glazed
,,
figures,
found
Cylinder of limestone
,,
vases of
tiles
Mena
of black steatite
9,
29 29
3
3
,,
,,
inlaying
at
Deer
Deir
in pottery
Gods worshipped
Granaries, size of
Abyd
Deir at Abydos
el
Bahri
Granite pylon
,,
Den
period of objects
shrine
statues
Griffith,
Mr. F.
LI.,
chapte
by
Diagrams
of levels
21
Grooves
for staves
by door
of level
cow
21
Ground, differences
Halbert, iron
21 25
.
Dog, glazed
Dolls
28
12
10, 11
Hansard, Miss F.
Hapi
Doorways
of stone
tiles
12
Hawks
Hearth
of
Dovetail of
26 18
burnt offering
Heb, name
Hclt sign in deposit
.
Draughtsman
Eckensteiu, Miss L.
26
3
Hen-ur, name
Excavation, by clearance
2,3
21
12,
.
Hen vase
Eye
inlaid, of
stone
Hez-hotep,
name
tiles
.
Hieroglyphs on
Feathers, copper
32 27
9
Hippopotami
Fetish stones
Hor
Hora
Horus, bronze figure of
,,
as that of Perabsen
23,
.
26
15
Flint knives
Flints venerated
Flint serpent
,,
.... ....
.
38
27 27
Ink-slab of chert
Inundation
Iron, earliest
,,
.
large knife
27
16
halbert
Floor props
Fortification wall
,,
swords
.
6, 18,
.
20
3
Ivory carvings
STa-name on
tile
Vth Dynasty
,,
(?)
10,
11,
.
20
20
14
Khasekhemui, sealings
Khati
of
of of
Pepy
Mentuhotep(V)
,,
,,
Khrntamenti
,,
,,
marked
of of of
15,20
I
Kbnumu,
priest of
,,
,,
of Usertesen
6, 17,
20
,,
,,
,,
,,
18, 21
.
changes
in
worshiv
20
19
,,
defining temple
description of
17,
.
18
lead model
,,
,,
20
Kom-es-Sultan
AT5YDOS
Sanded ground
Sandstone carvings
II.
Sankhkara
Sealings
.
15, 1G,
7,
32
Sebekamsaf
Sebekamsauf
II
Sebekhotep III
Sedheb tablets
Senbtefi
sign in deposit
Sequence dates
Serpent of
flint
.
Sety
Ship on pan
Shrine of red granite
of glaze
.
Shunet ez Zebib
Skins, stretched out
Slate rings
,,
carving
Standard hawk
Stands of pottery
Stannus, Mr. H.
Steatite cylinders
Stele of
Pepy
Store rooms
Stone doorways
Swords, iron
Tablets of
Pepy
I.
Tahuti
Tahutmes III
Tauraa
7,
13, 17
18,
19,
33,
Temenos
,,
of
Old Kingdom
Usertesen
I.
Temple
Temple,
,,
site,
clearance of
growth
first
.
of
i.
third,
>>
>>
IVth Dynasty
Vth Dynasty
,,
fourth,
fifth,
,,
sixth,
,,
seventh, Usertesen
eighth,
ninth,
,,
tenth,
Aahmes
.
need of removing
history of
.
later
,,
M. 69.
1st
DYN.
69.
I**"
DYN.
111.
2: 3
69.
IV.
-~~^m&^Sf
wm-p-p.
69.
|ST
DYN.
69.
|st
DYN.
VI.
69.
1st
DY n.
VII
69.
1st
DYN.
VIII
ABYDOS, TEMPLE;
64.
IX.
89.
XI.
204-
,r
*
>y2&
si
J
V*
r*V
^KbX rs.
-/
XII.
3:2
XIII.
KHUFU.
I. VI. DYN.
XIV.
&C.
XV.
0=^
I]
m
110
II
173
10s
II
<F^>
IZ
13
(J
18?
u
LEAD
IV
2
DYN.
XVI.
E-R-A.
:5
VI
DYN.
XVI
4}
%
EH.
Mh
M,//,///
:4
XVIII
^!ir4t~^ 4
\4
TI7
n
*
-1 ^
iu
% t
u
5'
11
If
softs-
1?^
4
Aft
Tr
*2/H~^*im*ftftt
ZH
& *
0=*
8fc#
1
WM-F-P-
VI
DYN.
XIX.
A
i
tfx
4
to
10
VI
DYN.
XX.
F.H.
"*A-#l
i
i
v
^tt-t
yu
-i
T
t
T-
T-1
*/*
i
i
t
M-A.M.
VI.
DYN.
XXI.
255
ALABASTER VASES.
LINTEL
GLAZED DECORATION.
VI
DYN.
IRON WEAPONS.
XXII.
W.M.FR
XXIII
I.
III,
XI
DYN.
XXIV,
~\
p
II
1
1 I
E.R.A
fl/.M.F
1:6
III
AND SANKHKARA,
XI
DYN.
XXV.
r ,!A\^?-l^^P\ f ~^
(
>
mm
f^A
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4500
4400
110
PERABSEN
The End.
The End.