Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Contents
Classical Mechanics
dp dt
= ma
F dr
F dr = 0
mv 2 r r
= mr 2 r
mi ri i mi m1 m2 M
1. The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci 2. A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times 3. The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit r=
p 1+ cos
p=
b2 a
a=
p 1
b=
p 1
pi
i ri
Fi
Angular momentum (extended bodies along a principal axis): L = I (Scalar) Moment of inertia: I =
V
r2 dM
Parallel axis theorem: I = ICM +M r2 , where r is the displacement from CoM to arbitrary ax Perpendicular axis theorem: For an axis perpendicular to a thin plate, Iz = Ix + Iy Some common moments of inertia, mass = M: hollow hoop/cylinder, radius R: I = M R2
1 M R2 solid disc/cylinder, radius R: I = 2 2 hollow sphere, radius R: I = 3 M R2 3 solid sphere, radius R: I = 5 M R2
thin rod/door, axis through end: 1 ML 3 E=1 I 2 2 Analytical mechanics Action integral: S = L(t, x, x )dt
L x
1 M L2 12 2
Euler-Lagrange equation:
d dt
L x
=0
= p,
H p
=q
Special relativity (Note: (+, , , ) metric employed throughout) = 1 v2 , S represents a frame moving relative to an observer
1
c2
Lorentz transformations (v = v x ) t = (t y =y z =z 4-vectors Position 4-vector: r = (ct, x, y, z ) Velocity 4-vector: v = (c, vx , vy , vz ) Energy-momentum 4-vector: E = Conservation laws Proper length: r r = l 2 = c2 t2 x2 y 2 z 2
2 2 2 Velocity: v v = c2 = c2 vx vy vz E , px , py , pz c vx ) c2
x = (x vt)
E2 c2
p2 = mc2
uy
v (1 ux 2 ) c v (1 ux 2 ) c
uz
Electrodynamics
E 0 t
Quantum mechanics
2
4 5