TENSES PROPOSED TO MEET THE ENGLISH II TASKS

LECTURER : Dina Rafidiyah, S.Sos., S.Pd.Ing

2ND GROUP : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ABIDIN ADITYA CHANDRA AHMAD SYAUKANI FAUZI ALWI YANNOR HENGKI HANGGARA MUHAMMAD MUSTAFA

BANJARMASIN MUHAMMADIYAH HEALTH COLLEGE INTERNATIONAL CLASS OF NURSING DIPLOMA PROGRAM ACADEMIC YEARS 2012-2013

Simple Present tense

An Active sentence in the simple present tense has the following structure: Subject + first form of the verb + object

A passive sentence in the simple present tense has the following structure: Object of the active sentence + is/am/are + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Changing an assertive sentence into the passive :

Active: I write a letter. Passive: A letter is written by me. Active: I help you. Passive: You are helped by me. Active: I love my parents. Passive: My parents are loved by me. Active: We love our country. Passive: Our country is loved by us.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

Active: I do not write a letter. Passive: A letter is not written by me. Active: I do not abuse my servants. Passive: My servants are not abused by me. Active: I do not write novels.

Passive: Novels are not written by me. Active: He does not tease her. Passive: She is not teased by him.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

Structure: Is/are/am + object of the active verb + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the passive verb Active: Do you write a letter? Passive: Is a letter written by you? Active: Do you write stories? Passive: Are stories written by you? Active: Does she make candles? Passive: Are candles made by her? Active: Who does not obey you? Passive: By whom are you not obeyed? Active: Which newspaper do you read? Passive: Which newspaper is read by you? Active: Does she do her duty? Passive: Is her duty done by her?

Notes: The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb. Therefore, sentences which do not have an object cannot be changed into the passive. The following sentences, for instance, cannot be changed into the passive because they do not have objects.

The old man sat in a corner. The child sleeps.

The wind blows. The dog barks. The fire burns. He laughed aloud.

Present Continuous Tense

Active sentences in the present continuous tense have the following structure: Subject + is/are/am + -ing form of the verb + object

Passive sentences in the present continuous tense have the following structure: Object of the active sentence + is/are/am + being + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence.

Examples are given below.

Active: I am reading a story. Passive: A story is being read by me. Active: The engine is driving the train. Passive: The train is being driven by the engine. Active: She is singing a song. Passive: A song is being sung by her. Active: The carpenter is making furniture. Passive: Furniture is being made by the carpenter.

When the verb is followed by a preposition Read the sentence given below: My mother is talking to a stranger.

Here the noun a stranger is the object of the preposition to, and not the verb talking. But this sentence can be changed into the passive:

Passive: A stranger is being talked to by my mother. Active: The children are laughing at the old beggar. Passive: The old beggar is being laughed at by the children. Active: I am waiting for him. Passive: He is being waited for by me.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

When a negative sentence is changed into the passive, not will come between is/am/are and being. Active: She is not writing a story. Passive: A story is not being written by her.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

The passive forms of these sentences will begin with be (is/am/are). When the active sentence begins with a question word such as when, whose, why, which and how, the passive sentence will also begin with a question word. When the active sentence begins with who or whose, the passive sentence will begin with by whom or by whose. When the active sentence begins with whom, the passive sentence will begin with who. Active: Are the masons building a house? Passive: Is a house being built by the masons? Active: Who is waiting for you? Passive: By whom are you being waited for? Active: Whom are you waiting for? Passive: Who is being waited for by you? Active: Why is he not learning his lessons? Passive: Why are his lessons not being learnt by him?

Active: Whose father is helping you? Passive: By whose father are you being helped?

Simple Past Tense

Active sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure: Subject + past tense form of the verb + object

Passive sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure: Object of the active sentence + was/were + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Changing an assertive sentence into the passive

Active: He wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by him. Active: They knew it. Passive: It was known to them. Active: She sang a song. Passive: A song was sung by her. Active: He loved his friends very much. Passive: His friends were loved very much by him.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

Active: She did not know anything about it. Passive: Nothing about it was known to her. Active: Nobody could discourage him from pursuing his path. Passive: He could not be discouraged from pursuing his path by anybody. Active: You did not listen to me.

Passive: I was not listened to by you. Active: She did not write a story. Passive: A story was not written by her.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

Passive forms of these sentences begin with did. If the active sentence begins with a question word, the passive sentence will also begin with a question word. If the active sentence begins with who or whose, the passive sentence will begin with by whom or by whose. If the active sentence begins with whom, the passive sentence will begin with who. Active: Did he break the window? Passive: Was the window broken by him? Active: Where could you find such fine art? Passive: Where could such fine art be found? Active: Why did you abuse your servant? Passive: Why was your servant abused by you? Active: Did anyone steal your purse? Passive: Was your purse stolen by anyone? Active: Did anyone hurt your feelings? Passive: Were your feelings hurt by anyone? Active: Did Alice invite you? Passive: Were you invited by Alice? Active: Who killed the snake? Passive: By whom was the snake killed? Active: Why did he punish you? Passive: Why were you punished by him? Active: Whom did you laugh at? Passive: Who was laughed at by you?

Future Tense
Simple Future Tense Active: Subject + will/shall + first form of the verb + object

Passive: Object of the active sentence + will/shall + be + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Active: I will write a letter. Passive: A letter will be written by me. Active: She will help me. Passive: I will be helped by her. Active: John will learn the lesson. Passive: The lesson will be learnt by John.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

Active: She will not help us. Passive: We will not be helped by her. Active: We will not visit the hill station this year. Passive: The hill station will not be visited by us this year. Active: We shall not betray our country. Passive: Our country shall not be betrayed by us.

Changing an Interrogative sentence into the passive

Active: Will you help him?

Passive: Will he be helped by you? Active: Will you not help me? Passive: Shall I not be helped by you? Active: Will they accept our invitation? Passive: Will our invitation be accepted by them?

Present Perfect Tense

Active sentences in the present perfect tense have the following structure: Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb + object

Passive sentences in the present perfect tense have the following structure: Object of the active sentence + has/have + been + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Changing an assertive sentence into the passive

Active: I have written a story. Passive: A story has been written by me. Active: They have built a house. Passive: A house has been built by them. Active: He has broken my window. Passive: My window has been broken by him. Active: I have placed an order for a digital camera. Passive: An order for a digital camera has been placed by me. Active: She has done her work. Passive: Her work has been done by her.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

Active: I have not received a telegram. Passive: A telegram has not been received by me. Active: She has not written a story.

Passive: A story has not been written by her. Active: She has not cheated anybody. Passive: Nobody has been cheated by her.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

Passive forms of these sentences will begin with has or have. When the active sentence begins with a question word (e.g. when, where, which, why etc.), the passive sentence will also begin with a question word. When the active sentence begins with who or whose the passive sentence will begin with by whom or by whose. When the active sentence begins with whom, the passive sentence will begin with who. Active: Have you kept the secret? Passive: Has the secret been kept by you? Active: Who has done this? Passive: By whom has this been done? Active: Why have you told a lie? Passive: Why has a lie been told by you? Active: Who has torn my book? Passive: By whom has my book been torn? Active: Have you written the letter? Passive: Has the letter been written by you? Active: Has the policeman caught the thief? Passive: Has the thief been caught by the policeman? Active: Has the postal department released a new stamp? Passive: Has a new stamp been released by the postal department?

Past perfect tense

Active voice: Subject + had + past participle form of the verb + object Passive voice: Object of the active sentence + had + been + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Active: I had never experienced such difficulty. Passive: Such difficulty had never been experienced by me. Active: I had not listened to him. Passive: He had not been listened to by me. Active: I had finished my work. Passive: My work had been finished by me. Active: I had written a letter. Passive: A letter had been written by me. Active: He had given a lecture. Passive: A lecture had been given by him.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

Active: Had she invited them? Passive: Had they been invited by her? Active: Had she prepared dinner? Passive: Had dinner been prepared by her? Active: Had he given a lecture? Passive: Had a lecture been given by him?

DAFTAR FUSTAKA

http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/active-passive-voice-tensewise-rules/ http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/active-passive-voice-simple-tense/ http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/active-passive-voice-continuous-perfect-tense/ http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/active-passive-voice-continuous-perfect-tense/ http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/active-passive-voice-present-continuous-tense/ http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/active-passive-voice-future-tense/ http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive