UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER II
SESSION 2011/2012


COURSE NAME : ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IV

COURSE CODE : BWM 30603/BSM 3913

PROGRAMME : 2 BDD/BFF
3 BDD/BFF


EXAMINATION DATE : JUNE 2012

DURATION : 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTION : ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PART A
AND TWO (2) QUESTIONS IN PART B.

ALL CALCULATIONS AND ANSWERS
MUST BE IN THREE (3) DECIMAL
PLACES.




THIS EXAMINATION PAPER CONSISTS OF SEVEN (7) PAGES
CONFIDENTIAL


CONFIDENTIAL
BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
2

PART A

Q1 (a) Given the heat equation

, 0 , 2 0 ,
) , (
2
) , (
2
2
> s s
c
c
=
c
c
t x
x
t x u
t
t x u


with the boundary conditions
, 0 ) , 2 ( ) , 0 ( = = t u t u

and the initial condition
). sin( ) 0 , ( x x u t =

Find ( , 0.3) u x by using Implicit Crank-Nicolson method with
5 . 0 = = A h x and . 3 . 0 = = A k t
(10 marks)


(b) The longitudinal vibration of a bar with the length of l m is governed by

2 2
2
2 2
c
x t
| | c c
=
c c


with
E
c

= , where ( , ) x t | | = is the axial displacement, E is Youngs

modulus and is the mass density of the bar. The boundary conditions and the
initial conditions are given as follows,


(0, ) ( , ) 0 t l t | | = = for 0 0.04 t s s
0 ) 0 , ( = x | and x
t
x
=
c
c ) 0 , ( |
for . 20 0 s s x

Determine the variation of the axial displacement of the bar by using finite-
difference method with the following data:
6
30 10 E = , 0.264 = , 20 l = m, 5 = = A h x and . 02 . 0 = = A k t
(15 marks)


BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
3


Q2

0
1
= x 1
2
= x 2
3
= x 4
4
= x
Figure Q2

Consider a fin of length 4 unit has four nodes and three elements, as shown in Figure
Q2. The heat flow equation is given by

, 0 ) (
) (
) ( ) ( = +
|
.
|

\
|
x Q
dx
x dT
x k x A
dx
d
for , 4 0 s s x

with ) (x A is the cross-sectional area, ) (x k is the thermal conductivity, ) (x T is the
temperature at length x and ) (x Q is the heat supply per unit time and per unit length.
Find the temperature at each nodal point,
3 2
, T T and
4
T , if ) (x A is 30 unit, ) (x k is 10
unit and ) (x Q is 10 unit. Let the temperature at 0 x = is 0 unit and the heat flux,
10
4
=
= x
dx
dT
k unit.
(25 marks)



PART B

Q3 (a) Table below shows a set of discrete data.

x 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
) (x y
0.907 ? 1.355 1.999

Find the missing value of ) (x y by using Lagrange interpolation method.
(10 marks)


(b) Use the result in Q4(a) to find ) 3 . 1 ( y' and ) 3 . 1 ( y ' ' by using any appropriate
difference formulas with the suitable step size of h.
(5 marks)

(c) Find the approximate value of dx e
x
}
|
|
.
|

\
|

3
0
2
2
3 by using
(i) Simpsons
3
8
rule with , 6 = n and
(ii) 3-points Gaussian Quadrature.
(10 marks)


BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
4


Q4 (a) Find the largest eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenvector for the
matrix A below by using power method.

|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
2 1 0
2 3 2
0 1 2
A

Use the initial guess for eigenvector ( )
T
v 1 1 1
) 0 (
= . Calculate until
. 005 . 0
1
<
+ k k
m m
(10 marks)


(b) Approximate the solution at ) 2 . 1 ( y for the initial-value problem
1 2
) (
2
2
+
+
= '
x xy
y x
y with , 1 ) 1 ( = y using the fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK4)
method with the step size . 2 . 0 = h
(7 marks)


(c) Given the boundary-value problem of
3
) 1 ( 5 x y x y x y = + ' + ' '
for 2 0 s s x with the following boundary conditions
2 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( 4 = ' + y y , 5 ) 2 ( 2 ) 2 ( 3 = ' + y y .
Derive the system of linear equation by using finite-difference method with grid
size 5 . 0 = A = x h . DO NOT solve the obtained system.
(8 marks)



Q5 (a) Locate the positive root of the nonlinear equation
2
4sin( ) 0 x x = by using
Intermediate value theorem. Hence, solve it by using Bisection method.
(10 marks)


(b) Given the system of linear equations:
2 4 1 9
2 2 5 8 .
3 1 1 9
x
y
z
| || | | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ .\ . \ .

Solve it by
(i) Doolittle method, and
(ii) Gauss-Seidel iteration method.
(15 marks)
BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
5


FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER / SESSION: SEM II/ 2011/2012 PROGRAMME : 2/3 BDD/BFF
COURSE :ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IV CODE : BWM 30603/ BSM 3913

FORMULAE

Bisection method:
2
i i
i
a b
c
+
=

Doolittle method
11 12 13 1 11 12 13 1
21 22 23 2 21 22 23 2
31 32 33 3 31 32 33 3
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0
0
1 0 0 0
n n
n n
n n
n n n nn n n n nn
a a a a u u u u
a a a a l u u u
a a a a l l u u
a a a a l l l u
| | | || |
| | |
| | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |
| | |
\ . \ .\ .


Gauss-Seidel iteration method:
1
( 1) ( )
1 1
( 1)
, 1, 2, ,
i n
k k
i ij j ij j
j j i
k
i
ii
b a x a x
x i n
a

+
= = +
+

= =



Lagrange polynomial
0
( ) ( ) ( ), 0,1, 2, ,
n
n i i
i
P x L x f x i n
=
= =

where
0
( )
( )
( )
n
j
i
j i j
j i
x x
L x
x x
=
=

[


Numerical Differentiation:
First derivatives:
2-point forward difference:
( ) ( )
( )
f x h f x
f x
h
+
' ~
2-point backward difference:
( ) ( )
( )
f x f x h
f x
h

' ~
3-point forward difference:
( 2 ) 4 ( ) 3 ( )
( )
2
f x h f x h f x
f x
h
+ + +
' ~
3-point backward difference:
3 ( ) 4 ( ) ( 2 )
( )
2
f x f x h f x h
f x
h
+
' ~
3-point central difference:
( ) ( )
( )
2
f x h f x h
f x
h
+
' ~
5-point difference:
( 2 ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) ( 2 )
( )
12
f x h f x h f x h f x h
f x
h
+ + + +
' ~





BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
6

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER / SESSION: SEM II/ 2011/2012 PROGRAMME : 2/3 BDD/BFF
COURSE :ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IV CODE : BWM 30603/ BSM 3913

Second derivatives:
3-point central difference:
2
( ) 2 ( ) ( )
( )
f x h f x f x h
f x
h
+ +
'' ~
5-point difference:
2
( 2 ) 16 ( ) 30 ( ) 16 ( ) ( 2 )
( )
12
f x h f x h f x f x h f x h
f x
h
+ + + +
'' ~

Numerical Integration:
Simpsons
8
3
rule
| |
0 1 2 4 5 2 1 3 6 6 3
3
( ) 3( ) 2( )
8
b
n n n n n
a
f x dx h f f f f f f f f f f f f

~ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
}


Gauss quadrature
For ( )
b
a
f x dx
}
,
( ) ( )
2
b a t b a
x
+ +
=
3-points: ( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
~
}

5
5
9
5
0
9
8
5
3
9
5
) (
1
1
g g g dt t g

Power Method
( 1) ( )
1
1
, 0,1, 2,...
k k
k
v Av k
m
+
+
= =

Initial value problems

Classical 4
th
order Runge-Kutta method.

1 1 2 3 4
1
( 2 2 )
6
i i
y y k k k k
+
= + + + +
where
1
( , )
i i
k hf x y =
1
2
( , )
2 2
i i
k h
k hf x y = + +

2
3
( , )
2 2
i i
k h
k hf x y = + +
4 3
( , )
i i
k hf x h y k = + +

Boundary value problems:

Finite difference method

1 1
2
i i
i
y y
y
h
+

' ~ ,
1 1
2
2
i i i
i
y y y
y
h
+
+
'' ~




BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
7

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER / SESSION: SEM II/ 2011/2012 PROGRAMME : 2/3 BDD/BFF
COURSE :ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IV CODE : BWM 30603/ BSM 3913


Heat Equation: Implicit Crank-Nicolson method


|
|
.
|

\
| +
+
+
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+ + + + + +
+
+
2
, 1 , , 1
2
1 , 1 1 , 1 , 1
2
, 1 ,
2
1
,
2
2
2
2
1
,
2 2
2 h
u u u
h
u u u
c
k
u u
x
u
c
t
u
j i j i j i j i j i j i j i j i
j i
j i


Wave equation: Finite difference method
) (
2
) 0 , (
2 2
1 , 1 ,
2
, 1 , , 1
2
2
1 , , 1 ,
,
2
2
2
,
2
2
i
j i j i
j i j i j i j i j i j i
j i j i
x g
k
u u
t
x u
h
u u u
c
k
u u u
x
u
c
t
u
=

=
c
c
+
=
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
+ +



Finite element method:

l b
F F KT =
where dx
dx
dN
dx
dN
x k x A K
q
p
j
i
ij }
= ) ( ) ( is stiffness matrix,

i
T T =

q
p
i b
dx
dT
x k x A N F
(

= ) ( ) (

}
=
q
p
i l
dx x Q N F ) (

BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
8

Answer Scheme for Final Exam BWM30603 / BSM3913 Sem II 11/12

Qs Answer Marks Total

Q1
(a)












2
2
( , ) 2 ( , ), 0 2, 0 u x t u x t x t
t x
c c
= s s >
c c



2
2
2
2 , where 2
u u
c
t x
c c
= =
c c



2
, 1 , 1, 1 , 1 1, 1 1, , 1,
2 2
2 2
2
i j i j i j i j i j i j i j i j
u u u u u u u u
c
k h h
+ + + + + +
+ + (
= +
(




, 1 , 1, 1 , 1 1, 1 1, , 1,
2 2
2 2
2
0.3 2 0.5 0.5
i j i j i j i j i j i j i j i j
u u u u u u u u
+ + + + + +
+ + (
= +
(





1, 1 , 1 1, 1 1, , 1,
1.2 3.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2
1.2 1.4 1.2
i j i j i j i j i j i j
u u u u u u
B C
+ + + + +
+ = +
= +















0,1 1,1 2,1
1.2 3.4 1.2 1.4 u u u + =
1,1 2,1
1.2(0) 3.4 1.2 1.4 u u + =


1,1 2,1
3.4 1.2 1.4 u u = --------- (1)


1,1 2,1 3,1
1.2 3.4 1.2 0 u u u + = --------- (2)


2,1 3,1 4,1
1.2 3.4 1.2 1.4 u u u + =
2,1 3,1
1.2 3.4 1.2(0) 1.4 u u + =






D1












M1




A1
















M1

A1

A1



















































u
0,0

u
0,1

u
2,0
u
3,0
u
4,0

u
1,1
u
2,1
u
3,1


3.4


1.2


1.4


1.2

T
i,j+1

(A) u
i-1,j
(B) u
i,j
(C) u
i+1,j

x
t
0 0.5 1 1.
5
2
0.3
u
1,0

0
u
4,1


1.2

1.2

T
i-1,j+1
T
i+1,j
+1

=
BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
9


2,1 3,1
1.2 3.4 1.4 u u + = --------- (3)

In matrix-vector form:


1,1 1,1
2,1 2,1
3,1 3,1
3.4 1.2 0 1.4 0.412
1.2 3.4 1.2 0 0
0 1.2 3.4 1.4 0.412
u u
u u
u u
| | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | |
= =
| |
| | |
| | |
| |

\ . \ . \ .
\ . \ .
(using calculator)

A1









Answer
A3



















10







Q1
(b)

Given
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
, 0 20 , 0 c c x t
x t t x
| | | | c c c c
= = s s >
c c c c
with
E
c

=

6 2
10 636 . 113 = c


, 1 , , 1 1, , 1, 6
2 2
2 2
113.636 10
i j i j i j i j i j i j
k h
| | | | | |
+ +
+ +
=


, 1 , , 1 1, , 1, 6
2 2
2 2
113.636 10
0.02 5
i j i j i j i j i j i j
| | | | | |
+ +
+ +
=
) 2 ( 182 . 818 , 1 2
, 1 , , 1 1 , , 1 , j i j i j i j i j i j i + +
+ = + | | | | | |


1 , , 1 , , 1 1 ,
182 . 1818 364 . 3634 182 . 1818
+ +
+ =
j i j i j i j i j i
| | | | | ------ (1)

D C B A + = 182 . 1818 364 . 3634 182 . 1818












M1


M1


A1



A1




































0.3





t
x
0 -0.412 0 0.412 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0 1 0 -1 0
u
0,1

u
1,1
u
2,1

u
3,1
u
4,1

u
0,0
u
1,0
u
2,0
u
3,0
u
4,0


1

1,818.182

-3,634.364

1,818.182

i,j+1

=
BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
10










(D)
i,j-1



x
t
x
=
c
c ) 0 , ( |



, 1 , 1 , 1 , 1

2 2(0.02)
i j i j i j i j
x x
k
| | | |
+ +

= =


, 1 , 1
0.04
i j i j
x | |
+
= ------ (2)


Substitute eqn. (2) into eqn. (1):

) 04 . 0 ( 182 . 1818 364 . 3634 182 . 1818
1 , , 1 , , 1 1 ,
x
j i j i j i j i j i
+ =
+ + +
| | | | |
x
j i j i j i j i
02 . 0 091 . 909 182 . 1817 091 . 909
, 1 , , 1 1 ,
+ + =
+ +
| | | |
x C B A 02 . 0 091 . 909 182 . 1817 091 . 909 + + = |

































M1
A1




M1


A1




















Initial
+boundary
Value
A1




















































(A)
i-1,j
(B)
i,j
(C)
i+1,j


-1

1

909.091

-1,817.182

909.091
=

0.02x
(A)
i-1,j

(B)
i,j

(C)
i+1,j

i,j+1

BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
11


32 11
| |
6 points
A1 each








15

Q2


Interpolating function for the first and third element


1
N
2
N







3
N
4
N

s s + =
=
otherwise , 0
1 0 , 1
) (
1
1
1
x x N
x N

s s =
=
otherwise , 0
1 0 , 1
1
1
1
x
dx
dN
dx
dN

s s =
=
otherwise , 0
1 0 ,
) (
1
2
2
x x N
x N

s s =
=
otherwise , 0
1 0 , 1
1
2
2
x
dx
dN
dx
dN

s s + =
=
otherwise , 0
4 2 , 2 5 . 0
) (
3
3
3
x x N
x N

s s =
=
otherwise , 0
4 2 , 5 . 0
3
3
3
x
dx
dN
dx
dN












D1







M1



M1



M1




























3,2
|

0.04




0.02







0,2
|


t
x
0 0.1 0. 2 0.3
0
0 5 10 15 20
0 0 0 0
0
0,1
|
0,0
|
2,2
|
4,2
|
1,1
|
2,1
|
3,1
|
4,1
|
1,0
|
2,0
|

3,0
|

4,0
|

1,2
|
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
0

0
1
2
4
BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
12

s s =
=
otherwise , 0
4 2 , 1 5 . 0
) (
3
4
4
x x N
x N

s s =
=
otherwise , 0
4 2 , 5 . 0
3
4
4
x
dx
dN
dx
dN


Find the components of the stiffness matrix,
q
j
i
ij
p
dN
dN
K Ak dx
dx dx
=
}

For first element,
) 1 (
K
}
= =
1
0
11
300 ) 1 )( 1 ( 300 dx K ,
} }
= = = =
1
0
1
0
21 12
300 ) 1 )( 1 ( 300 ) 1 )( 1 ( 300 dx dx K K
}
= =
1
0
22
300 ) 1 )( 1 ( 300 dx K
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
300 300
300 300
) 1 (
K

For second element,
) 1 ( ) 2 (
K K = because of the same length.
For third element,
) 3 (
K
}
= =
4
2
33
150 ) 5 . 0 )( 5 . 0 ( 300 dx K
} }
= = = =
4
2
4
2
43 34
150 ) 5 . 0 )( 5 . 0 ( 300 ) 5 . 0 )( 5 . 0 ( 300 dx dx K K
}
= =
4
2
4
150 ) 5 . 0 )( 5 . 0 ( 300 dx K
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
150 150
150 150
) 3 (
K
Hence assemble K for the whole domain will be

|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
+

=
150 150 0 0
150 150 300 300 0
0 300 300 300 300
0 0 300 300
K
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
150 150 0 0
150 450 300 0
0 300 600 300
0 0 300 300

Find the components of boundary vector, ( )
q
b i
p
dT
F N Ak
dx
(
=
(


For first element
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
=
=
1
0
) 1 (
30
30
x
x
b
dx
dT
k
dx
dT
k
F
For second element,
) 1 ( ) 2 (
b b
F F = .


A1








M1A1



A1





A1












M1A1






M1A1




























































BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
13

For third element,
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
=
=
4
2
) 3 (
30
30
x
x
b
dx
dT
k
dx
dT
k
F
Hence, assemble
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
=
300
0
0
30
0 x
b
dx
dT
k
F
Find the components of load vector,
}
=
q
p
i l
dx x Q N F ) (
First Element
( )
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
}
}
5
5
1
10
1
0
1
0
) 1 (
dx x
dx x
F
l

Second Element,
) 1 ( ) 2 (
l l
F F =
Third Element,
( )
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
=
}
}
10
10
1 5 . 0
2 5 . 0
10
4
2
4
2
) 2 (
dx x
dx x
F
l

Hence assemble
l
F
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
10
15
10
5
10
10 5
5 5
5
l
F
Therefore,
b l
KT F F =
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
10
15
10
5
300
0
0
30
150 150 0 0
150 450 300 0
0 300 600 300
0 0 300 300
0
4
3
2
1
x
dx
dT
k
T
T
T
T


1
0 T = , partition the matrix, the system of linear equations is

M1





A1










M1A1












M1 A1








M1




A1























































BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
14

|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

290
15
10
150 150 0
150 450 300
0 300 600
4
3
2
T
T
T


|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
733 . 3
800 . 1
883 . 0
4
3
2
T
T
T









M1











A1
A1
A1



























25
Q3
(a)

x 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
) (x y 0.907 ? 1.355 1.999
Lagrange polynomial:
0
( ) ( ) ( ), 0,1, 2, ,
n
n i i
i
P x L x f x i n
=
= =

where
0
( )
( )
( )
n
j
i
j i j
j i
x x
L x
x x
=
=

[

2 2 1 1 0 0 3
) 3 . 1 ( f L f L f L P + + =
+


= ) 907 . 0 (
) 7 . 1 1 . 1 )( 5 . 1 1 . 1 (
) 7 . 1 3 . 1 )( 5 . 1 3 . 1 (
+


) 355 . 1 (
) 7 . 1 1 . 1 )( 1 . 1 5 . 1 (
)) 7 . 1 3 . 1 )( 1 . 1 3 . 1 (
) 99 . 1 (
) 1 . 1 7 . 1 )( 5 . 1 7 . 1 (
) 1 . 1 3 . 1 )( 5 . 1 3 . 1 (



=0.991








M4
A4
Ans A2










10
Q3
(b)

x 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
) (x y 0.907 0.991 1.355 1.999

2-point forward difference:
( ) ( )
( )
f x h f x
f x
h
+
' ~ = 82 . 1
2 . 0
991 . 0 355 . 1
) 3 . 1 ( ' =

= y
2-point backward difference:
( ) ( )
( )
f x f x h
f x
h

' ~ = 420 . 0
2 . 0
907 . 0 991 . 0
) 3 . 1 ( ' =

= y
3-point forward difference:
( 2 ) 4 ( ) 3 ( )
( )
2
f x h f x h f x
f x
h
+ + +
' ~ = 120 . 1
) 2 . 0 ( 2
) 991 . 0 ( 3 ) 355 . 1 ( 4 999 . 1
) 3 . 1 ( ' =
+
= y
3-point central difference:
( ) ( )
( )
2
f x h f x h
f x
h
+
' ~ = 120 . 1
) 2 . 0 ( 2
9070 . 0 355 . 1
) 3 . 1 ( ' =

= y
3-point central difference:





A1

A1



A1

A1
















BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
15

2
( ) 2 ( ) ( )
( )
f x h f x f x h
f x
h
+ +
'' ~ = 025 . 61
) 2 . 0 (
) 907 . 0 991 . 0 ( 2 355 . 1
) 3 . 1 ( ' '
2
=
+
= y


A1


5
Q3
(c)
(i)
i x y=3*exp(-(x^2)/2)
0 0 3.000
1 0.5 2.647
2 1 1.820
3 1.5 0.974
4 2 0.406
5 2.5 0.132
6 3 0.033

3.033 5.005 0.974

| |
0 1 2 4 5 2 1 3 6 6 3
3
( ) 3( ) 2( )
8
b
n n n n n
a
f x dx h f f f f f f f f f f f f

~ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
}

ans= 3.749










Each sum
M3


Ans A2














5
Q3
(c)
(ii)
}
|
|
.
|

\
|

3
0
2
2
3 dx e
x


For ( )
b
a
f x dx
}
, 5 . 1 5 . 1
2
3 ) 0 3 (
+ =
+
= t
t
x dt dx 5 . 1 =

} }

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1
1
2
) 5 . 1 5 . 1 (
3
0
2
2 2
5 . 1 * 3 3 dt e dx e
t x


( )
1
1
5 3 8 5 3
( ) 0
9 5 9 9 5
f x dx g g g

| | | |
~ + +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
}


}

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

1
1
2
) 5 . 1 5 . 1 (
2
5 . 4 dt e
t
= 733 . 3 ) 029 . 0 (
9
5
) 325 . 0 (
9
8
) 944 . 0 (
9
5
5 . 4 =
|
.
|

\
|
+ +







A1M1



M1





A2

















5
4(a) (i)

2 -1 0
A -2 3 -2

0 -1 2
k v
k
Av
k
m
k+1

0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 -1.000 1.000 1.000
1 1.000 -1.000 1.000 3.000 -7.000 3.000 -7.000
2 -0.429 1.000 -0.429 -1.857 4.714 -1.857 4.714
3 -0.394 1.000 -0.394 -1.788 4.576 -1.788 4.576
4 -0.391 1.000 -0.391 -1.781 4.563 -1.781 4.563
5 -0.390 1.000 -0.390 -1.781 4.562 -1.781 4.562







M1A1





M4
A1















BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
16

6 -0.390 1.000 -0.390

Since c < = 001 . 0
5 6
m m , the dominant eigenvalue, 562 . 4
6 arg
= = m
est L
and
eigenvector,
T
est L
v v ) 390 . 0 000 . 1 390 . 0 (
) 4 (
arg
= =
A1


A1A1




10
4(b)
1 1 2 3 4
1
( 2 2 )
6
i i
y y k k k k
+
= + + + +
where
1
( , )
i i
k hf x y =
1
2
( , )
2 2
i i
k h
k hf x y = + +

2
3
( , )
2 2
i i
k h
k hf x y = + +
4 3
( , )
i i
k hf x h y k = + +
i x y k1 k2 k3 k4
0 1 1 0.400 0.371 0.371 0.354
1 1.2 1.373








M4A1

Ans A2










7
4(c)
3
) 1 ( 5 x y x y x y = + ' + ' '
1 1
2
i i
i
y y
y
h
+

' ~
1 1
2
2
i i i
i
y y y
y
h
+
+
'' ~
2 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( 4 = ' + y y
5 ) 2 ( 2 ) 2 ( 3 = ' + y y

3
1 1
) 4 ( ) 5 3 ( ) 4 (
i i i i i i
x y x y x y x = + + + +
+

i x 4-x y -3+5x y 4+x y x3
0 0 4.000 y
-1
-3.000 y
0
4.000 y
1
0.000
1 0.5 3.500 y
0
-0.500 y
1
4.500 y
2
0.125
2 1 3.000 y
1
2.000 y
2
5.000 y
3
1.000
3 1.5 2.500 y
2
4.500 y
3
5.500 y
4
3.375
4 2 2.000 y
3
7.000 y
4
6.000 y
5
8.000

|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

7
375 . 3
1
125 . 0
8
2 8 0 0 0
5 . 3 5 . 4 5 . 2 0 0
0 5 2 3 0
0 0 5 . 4 5 . 0 5 . 3
0 0 0 8 13
4
3
2
1
0
y
y
y
y
y














M3






A5
(A1
each row)





















8
5(a)
Let
2
( ) 4sin( ) f x x x =
(0) 0, (1) 2.3658, (2) 0.3628 f f f = = = , since (1) (2) 0, f f < so there is a root in the
interval [0, 1] by Intermediate value theorem.

i a c b ( ) f a ( ) f c ( ) f b
0 1 1.5 2 -2.366 -1.740 0.363
1 1.5 1.75 2 -1.740 -0.873 0.363
2 1.75 1.875 2 -0.873 -0.301 0.363
3 1.875 1.938 2 -0.301 0.023 0.363
4 1.875 1.907 1.938 -0.301 -0.139 0.023
5 1.907 1.923 1.938 -0.139 -0.057 0.023
6 1.923 1.931 1.938 -0.057 -0.015 0.023


M1M1



M1M1M1

















BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
17

7 1.931 1.935 1.938 -0.015 0.007 0.023/0.020
8 1.931 1.933 1.935 -0.015 -0.004 0.007
Since
8
| ( ) | 0.004 0.005, f c c = < = so the root is
8
1.933 c = .

Or if ( ) f c tekan button answer
i a c b ( ) f a ( ) f c ( ) f b
0 1 1.5 2 -2.366 -1.740 0.363
1 1.5 1.75 2 -1.740 -0.873 0.363
2 1.75 1.875 2 -0.873 -0.301 0.363
3 1.875 1.938 2 -0.301 0.020 0.363
4 1.875 1.907 1.938 -0.301 -0.142 0.020
5 1.907 1.923 1.938 -0.142 -0.059 0.020
6 1.923 1.931 1.938 -0.059 -0.017 0.020
7 1.931 1.935 1.938 -0.017 0.004 0.020
Since
7
| ( ) | 0.004 0.005, f c c = < = so the root is
7
1.935 c = .


A4

A1












10
5(b)
(i)

2 4 1 9
2 2 5 8 .
3 1 1 9
x
y
z
| || | | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ .\ . \ .

Step 1: From , A LU = solve for L and U.

2 4 1 1 0 0
2 2 5 1 0 0
3 1 1 1 0 0
d e f
a g h
b c i
| | | || |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ . \ .\ .
=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + +
+ +
i ch bf cg be bd
h af g ae ad
f e d


Compare element by element .

2 d = 4 e = 1 f =
2 ad =
1 a =
2 ae g + =
2 g =
5 af h + =
4 h =
3 bd =
1.5 b =
1 be cg + =
2.5 c =
1 = + + i ch bf
1 1.5 10 12.5 i = =
So LU A = ,
2 4 1 1 0 0 2 4 1
2 2 5 1 1 0 0 2 4
3 1 1 1.5 2.5 1 0 0 12.5
| | | || |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ . \ .\ .

Step 2: From , LY b = solve for Y by forward substitution.

1
2
3
1 0 0 9
1 1 0 8
1.5 2.5 1 9
y
y
y
| || | | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ .\ . \ .

9
1
20
Y
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .

Step 3: From Y Ux = , solve for x by backward substitution.


















M4










M1



A1






































BWM 30603 /BSM 3913
18


1
2
3
2 4 1 9
0 2 4 1
0 0 12.5 20
x
x
x
| || | | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ .\ . \ .

3.7
3.7
1.6
x
| |
|
=
|
|

\ .





M1



A1








8
5(b)
(ii)
(b)(ii) Rearrange it
3 1 1 9
2 4 1 9 .
2 2 5 8
x
y
z
| || | | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ .\ . \ .


[ ] [ ] [ 1] [ ] [ 1] [ ]
[ 1] [ 1] [ 1]
9 9 2 8 2 2
, ,
3 4 5
k k k k k k
k k k
y z x z x y
x y z
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
= = =


i x y z
0 0 0 0
1 -3 -3.75 -1.3
2 -3.8167 -3.8333 -1.5933
3 -3.7467 -3.725 -1.6087
4 -3.7054 -3.7006 -1.6020
5 -3.6995 -3.6993 -1.6001
6 -3.6997 -3.7 -1.6
6 -3.7 -3.7 -1.6

Since
[7] [6]
max{ } 0.0003 0.0005 x x c = < = , so x=-3.7, y=-3.7 and z=-1.6.






A1


M3










M2



A1




















7