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Last modified: 06-May-10

Reinforced concrete column capacity

Materials:
Concrete f'c =
Steel
fy =
Ultimate conc. strain ec =

c =
Ec =
Es =

5 ksi
60 ksi
-0.003

145 lb/ft
4,074 ksi
29,000 ksi

Design Code:
Resistance Factors
Confinement:

fb =

48
8
AC = 1809.56
IC = 260576
YbC =
24

Reinforcing
Bar No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Area
As
in
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

fc =

0.75
Y

Section Properties:
Diameter =

Reinforcing bars:
Bar Area =
No.bars =
S(As) =
As/Ac =
Edge dist. =

0.9

Spiral

1
16
16
0.88%
3

in

Width =

24
72
AT =
1907.4 in
IT = 282159.9 in
YbT =
24.00 in

in
in
in
in
( < 100 )
in

Axial Force/Bending Moment Interaction Diagram

6,000

in

Pn, kip
5,471

5,000

Coordinates, in
Y
Z

4,000

(from ctr.) (from bot.)

21.00
19.40
14.85
8.04
0.00
-8.04
-14.85
-19.40
-21.00
-19.40
-14.85
-8.04
0.00
8.04
14.85
19.40

0,0

24.00
32.04
38.85
43.40
45.00
43.40
38.85
32.04
24.00
15.96
9.15
4.60
3.00
4.60
9.15
15.96

3,000
-3,110

3,110

2,000

1,000
Mn, kip-ft
0

-4,000

-3,000

-2,000

-1,000
-1,000

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

-864

-2,000
Positive moment corresponds to tension in bottom fibers of the section
Positive axial force is compressive force

Factored Loads
Description
Pu
kip
1
225
2
225
3
4
5

Mu
kip-ft
1400
-1400

Capacity Demand/
Mn
Capacity
kip-ft
Ratio
1733
81%
-1733
81%

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CONTROL OF CRACKING
Service Load Analysis (cracked section - triangular concrete stress)
Material Properties
Concrete f'c =

5 ksi

fy =

60 ksi

fcf = 0.2285f'c =
Ec =
Creep factor, Ct =
Long term concrete Ect = Ec/(1+Ct) =

0.511 ksi

Steel

Es =

29000 ksi

4074 ksi
0
4074 ksi

n = Es/Ect =

7.12

Reinforcing Details
Bar diameter, db =
Bar spacing, s =
Concrete cover to bar in tension, clr =

1 in
8 in
2.5 in

Spacing in circular bar layout =

Service Loads:
P=
M=

200 kip
800 kip-ft

(positive for compression)

(positive for tension on the bottom)

Cracked section analysis

Dist. to N.A. from compression edge, cNA =

14.3 in

Max. stress in tensile reinforcement, fs =

29.1 ksi

Concrete stress, fc =
Tensile steel
located from:

Area of steel in tension, Ast =

Bottom, yb =
Compress. edge, ds =

-1.90
11
15.9
32.1

MPa
mm
mm
mm

Analysis Completed

( 11 bars)

Maximum bar spacing by AASHTO LRFD 4th Edition, 2006

s = 1+(clr+db/2)/[0.7(h-clr-db/2)] =

1.095
Exposure factor, e =
0.75
Corresponds to crack limit width =
0.013
Calculated crack width, wk =
0.011
Smax = 700e/(sfs) - 2(clr+db/2) =
10.5
Check maximum bar spacing S Smax

Class 1 exposure e = 1.00, Class 2 e = 0.75)

in
in
(0.28 mm)
in
(5.7.3.4-1)
8 in 10.5 in
OK

Maximum bar spacing by ACI 318-08

Smax = 600 /fs - 2clr =
15.6
Smax = 4800 /fs =
16.5
Smax =
15.6 in
Check maximum bar spacing S Smax

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

(10-4)

8in 15.6in

OK

8.2

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Crack control by Australian standard AS3600

Exposure:
Serviceability limit state load combinations
Element:
Beam
Maximum allowable steel stress
Beams
Slabs and walls
Table 8.6.1(A) fs =575-130Ln(db) =
29
580 ksi
Table 8.6.1(B) fs = 320-0.8S) =
34
393.6 ksi
fs(max) = max(A,B) =
34
60 ksi
Check maximum steel stress fs fs(max)
ks =
0.6 flexure
fs = min(fy,Tabel 8.6.1A) =
29.1 ksi
Ast.min. = 3ks(Act/fs) =
6.8 in
Ast =
11 in
Check minimum reinforcement Ast.min. Ast

case =

29.1 34.4

OK

6.8 11

OK

(8.6.1)

Crack width calculated by British Standard

distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
acr = [(S)+(c+db)]-db =
4.5 in
Concrete stiffening factor ks =
1.0 (1.5 if limiting crack width of 0.1mm, otherwise 1.0)
Crack limit width =
0.3 mm
Strain at the tension face
e1 = (fc/Ect)(h-c)/c = 0.001102
e2 = ksAct(h-c)/(3EsAst(ds-c)) =
em = e1-e2 =

0.000217
0.000885

wk = 3acrem/[1+2(acr-clr)/(h-c)] =
Check maximum crack width

0.011 in
Wk Wk,max

(0.27 mm)
0.27mm > 0.3mm

OK

Crack width calculated by Euro Code 2 [ EN1992-1-1:2004(E) ]

fck =

34.47379 MPa

Ecm =

33952 MPa

fcm =

42.47379 MPa

Es =

200000 MPa

fct,eff=fctm=0.3fck(2/3) =

3.18 Mpa

Limiting crack with W k,max =

0.3 mm

Bond coefficient

k1 =

0.8 (0.8 for deformed bars and 1.6 for plain bars)

Strain distribution coefficient

k2 =

0.5 (0.5 for bending, 1.0 for pure tension)

k3 =

3.4 ( country specific, recommended 3.4, 1.0 used in earlier code)

k4 =

0.425 ( country specific, recommended 0.425 , 0.25 used earlier code)

kt =
Load duration coefficient
Neutral axis from compression edge, x =
Tensile steel from compression edge, d =
Total section height, H =
h = H-yst+db/2+c =
hc,ef = min[2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3] =
=
Ac,eff (hc,ef) =

0.4
362.4
816.3
1219.2
1219.2

bar diameter, db =
Clear cover, c =

25.4 mm
63.5 mm

Section height adjusted for concrete cover

285.6 mm
2.021 rad
208199 mm

Ast =
rp,eff = Ast/Ac,eff =

(0.6 for short term and 0.4 for long term loading)

mm
mm
mm
mm

7097 mm
0.0341

Maximum crack spacing

203.2 mm 5(clr+db/2) =
342.6 mm

Bar spacing S =
Sr,max=k3c+k1k2k4db/rp,eff =
Sr,max = 1.3(h-c) =

1113.9 mm

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

min of =

381 mm
(7.11)
342.6 mm

(7.14)

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Axial Force/Moment Interaction Diagram

Pn
kip
-864
-812
-613
-399
-172
58
287
538
775
1025
1288
1506
1702
1894
2083
2279
2472
2696
2944
3179
3416
3648
3875
4098
4316
4521
4727
4926
5118
5303
5471
5471

Mny
kip-ft
0
-101
-451
-813
-1165
-1505
-1818
-2122
-2391
-2648
-2875
-2997
-3055
-3087
-3110
-3101
-3073
-3037
-3015
-2973
-2913
-2835
-2739
-2625
-2494
-2350
-2187
-2009
-1819
-1619
-1419
0

0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.876
0.845
0.818
0.795
0.776
0.758
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750

Cracked
moment
N/A from inertia
bottom
Icr
in
1E-10
1.63262
3.26524
4.89786
6.53048
8.1631
9.79572
11.4283
13.061
14.6936
16.3262
17.9588
19.5914
21.2241
22.8567
24.4893
26.1219
27.7545
29.3872
31.0198
32.6524
34.285
35.9176
37.5503
39.1829
40.8155
42.4481
44.0807
45.7134
47.346
48.9786

in^4
5609650
34484.8
45841.8
55127.2
62378.9
68007.8
72639.6
76759.1
80728.1
84823.5
88986.9
93939.8
99582.4
106050
113463
121005
130587
141380
153441
166802
179649
195593
212760
231034
247437
267249
287249
303207
319119
332863
282160

Pn
kip
-864
-816
-645
-435
-232
-10
198
432
656
883
1128
1373
1517
1659
1787
1911
2039
2159
2315
2517
2709
2903
3093
3279
3462
3641
3816
3981
4147
4308
4463
4463

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

Mnz
kip-ft
0
-92
-396
-752
-1075
-1405
-1702
-1995
-2258
-2509
-2739
-2944
-2939
-2915
-2875
-2833
-2768
-2694
-2633
-2617
-2586
-2541
-2482
-2410
-2323
-2223
-2110
-1989
-1852
-1705
-1548
0

0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.845
0.798
0.758
0.723
0.692
0.665
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650

Cracked
moment
N/A from inertia
bottom
Icr
in
1E-10
1.532812
3.065623
4.598435
6.131247
7.664059
9.19687
10.72968
12.26249
13.79531
15.32812
16.86093
18.39374
19.92655
21.45936
22.99218
24.52499
26.0578
27.59061
29.12342
30.65623
32.18905
33.72186
35.25467
36.78748
38.32029
39.85311
41.38592
42.91873
44.45154
45.98435

in^4
5609650
33753.7
44516
53726.6
60782.8
66418.4
71022.6
75033.4
78786.8
82540.2
86498.2
90542.3
95369.6
100839
107058
114124
121202
130188
140240
151405
163713
175356
189951
205648
222369
239986
255515
274244
292960
307458
321783

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Axial Force/Moment Interaction Diagram

Pn
kip
-864
-812
-613
-399
-172
58
287
538
775
1025
1288
1506
1702
1894
2083
2279
2472
2696
2944
3179
3416
3648
3875
4098
4316
4521
4727
4926
5118
5303
5471
5471

Mny
kip-ft
0
101
451
813
1165
1505
1818
2122
2391
2648
2875
2997
3055
3087
3110
3101
3073
3037
3015
2973
2913
2835
2739
2625
2494
2350
2187
2009
1819
1619
1419
0

0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.876
0.845
0.818
0.795
0.776
0.758
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750

Cracked
moment
N/A from inertia
bottom
Icr
in
1E-10
1.63262
3.26524
4.89786
6.53048
8.1631
9.79572
11.4283
13.061
14.6936
16.3262
17.9588
19.5914
21.2241
22.8567
24.4893
26.1219
27.7545
29.3872
31.0198
32.6524
34.285
35.9176
37.5503
39.1829
40.8155
42.4481
44.0807
45.7134
47.346
48.9786

in^4
5609650
34484.8
45841.8
55127.2
62378.9
68007.8
72639.6
76759.1
80728.1
84823.5
88986.9
93939.8
99582.4
106050
113463
121005
130587
141380
153441
166802
179649
195593
212760
231034
247437
267249
287249
303207
319119
332863
282160

Pn
kip
-864
-816
-645
-435
-232
-10
198
432
656
883
1128
1373
1517
1659
1787
1911
2039
2159
2315
2517
2709
2903
3093
3279
3462
3641
3816
3981
4147
4308
4463
4463

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

Mnz
kip-ft
0
92
396
752
1075
1405
1702
1995
2258
2509
2739
2944
2939
2915
2875
2833
2768
2694
2633
2617
2586
2541
2482
2410
2323
2223
2110
1989
1852
1705
1548
0

0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.900
0.845
0.798
0.758
0.723
0.692
0.665
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.650

Cracked
moment
N/A from inertia
bottom
Icr
in
1E-10
1.532812
3.065623
4.598435
6.131247
7.664059
9.19687
10.72968
12.26249
13.79531
15.32812
16.86093
18.39374
19.92655
21.45936
22.99218
24.52499
26.0578
27.59061
29.12342
30.65623
32.18905
33.72186
35.25467
36.78748
38.32029
39.85311
41.38592
42.91873
44.45154
45.98435

in^4
5609650
33753.7
44516
53726.6
60782.8
66418.4
71022.6
75033.4
78786.8
82540.2
86498.2
90542.3
95369.6
100839
107058
114124
121202
130188
140240
151405
163713
175356
189951
205648
222369
239986
255515
274244
292960
307458
321783

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BIAXIAL BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY

Applied Loads
Load Description
P

kip

My
kip-ft

Uniaxial Capacities
Mz
kip-ft

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Nrd = f[0.85f'c(Ac-As)+fyAs] = 6436.964 kip

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

Mny
kip-ft

Mnz
kip-ft

Demand
Capacity
Ratio
(My/Mny)a+
(Mz/Mnz)a

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My-Mz Contour plot at axial force P =

-1455.14 kip-ft

Mnz neg =

-1455.04 kip-ft

P/Nrd =

Mny pos = 1455.143 kip-ft

Mnz pos = 1455.038 kip-ft

0.004

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a=

2.000

Date:

25 kip

(-864 4463)

Sign convention
My positive creates tension on the bottom
Mz positive creates tension on the right

Biaxial Moment Capacity Diagram (kip-ft) at P = 25 kip

Biaxial Moment Capacity Diagram (kip-ft) at P = 25 kip
Mnz
2000

1500

1000

500

0
-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

500

1000

1500

2000

Mny
-500

-1000

-1500

-2000

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Moment capacity about inclined axis

Angle to Y-axis, a =

30 deg (090)

Moment capacity about axis inclined 30 deg. from Y-axis

Moment
capacity about axis inclined 30 deg. from Y-axis
Pn, kip
5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

Mn, kip-ft
0
-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

-1000

-2000

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

1000

2000

3000

4000

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Biaxial
Interact'n
coeff.

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(-864 4463)

sion on the bottom

nsion on the right

0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180

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Moment capacity about inclined axis

0.693333

-0.134223
-0.051469
0.031287
0.114043
0.196798
0.279554
0.36231
0.445066
0.527822
0.610577
0.693333

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Strain-Compatibility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section

Note: Bottom fibers in compression
Materials:
Concrete f'c =
Steel

5 ksi

fy =

Ultimate strain ec =

60 ksi
0.003

Design Code:
AASHTO LRFD-static
fb =
Resistance Factors:
0.9
Confinement:
Spiral

fc =

0.80
b

f =

0.75

Section Properties:
Shape: Circular
Diameter , h =
48 in
Concrete Ag = 1809.56 in

b1 =

Ec = 4069.6 ksi
Es = 29000 ksi
n = Es/Ec =
7.1

0.750

24
Steel As =

16 in

Area, in
C.G. from compression edge, in Moment Inertia, in^4
Ac
nAs
Ac+nAs
Yc
Ys
Y
Ic
nIs
I
Gross Concrete 1809.56
0 1809.557
24
0
24 260576
0 260576
Transformed 1809.56 97.8851 1907.443
24
24
24 260576 21583.67 282160
Cracked transformed 1804.69 97.8851 1902.577 0.0133
24 1.24735 260605 72257.15 332863
Loads:
fP =
fM =

0 kip
1619 kip-ft

Bending direction:

P=
(calculated)

kip

bottom fibers in tension

Axial capacity calculations

fPu(max) = k1f[0.85f'c(bh-As)+fyAs] = 5471.42
k1 = 0.85
fPu(min) = f(fySAs) =
-864
Equivalent depth of concrete compression zone, a =
37.9
Neutral axis location from the compressive edge, c = a/b1 =
47.3
Curvature, y = ec/c = -6E-05
Static Equilibrity Equations
Sum of Forces = 0
-0.85f'cAc = -6509.4 kip
S(As*(fs-fc)) = -560.68 kip
P=
0 kip
Total
-7070.1
Yc =
24 in
Acc = 1531.62 in
Yc-Ycc = 3.26809 in

kip

(Compression)

kip
in
in

(Tension)

1/in

Sum of Moments = 0
S(As(fs-fc)(Ys-Yc)) =
0.85f'cAc(Yc-Ycc) =
M=

386 kip-ft
1772.8 kip-ft
2158.5 kip-ft

Recalculate!

Distance from the centroid of gross section to the compression edge

Equivalent concrete area in compression (based on 'a')
Distance from the centroid of gross section to the centroid of Acc

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

a = 2.18732 rad

Central angle (for circular section only)

\\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_4\157149893.xls.ms_office

Calculating f in accordance with AS3600 and AS5100

N=
Flexure and axial load, =

0
0.800

Nu =
0
Mu = 1726.817

Pure flexure, o =

0.800

oMuo = 1313.618

Flexure and axial load, f =

=

Nu =
Mu =
Ast =
Asc =
d=
d' =
ku =

0.610 (for constructing interaction diagram only)

0.8 a = kud*
Muo
Mud
Nub
Nout
Current
N=0
N=0
0
0
0
7427
-960
2159
1642
175934
2781
0
6776
6776
5544
16
3080
3080
4312
0.0
618.2
618.2
747.7
15.7
103.2
110.1
148.4
#########
0.331
0.400
0.600

kud =
0.0
204.9
a = kud* =
0.0
156.9
Ts =
0
3139
Cs =
-561
-609
Cc = -0.85f'cAc =
-6509
-2529
Sum(P)=
-7070.073 0.000109

247.3

448.6

197.8
4082
-769
-3313
0

343.6
1562
-1399
-7590
0