UNIFORM OPERATING PROCEDURES IN HAZMAT INCIDENT

INTRODUCTION 1. This lesson is to provide the students with basic understanding in standard operating procedures in handling hazardous material incidents. It is based on 'Chemical Diving' issued by The National Fire Protection Association. OBJECTIVE 2. By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: a. Identify the agency responsible for hazardous material incidents.

b. Describe the procedure and guideline in handling hazardous material incidents. c. d. REFERENCE 3. Hazardous Materials Response Handbook 3 rd Edition. Describe the three level of HAZMAT incidents. Response to hazardous material incidents.

PURPOSE 4. The purpose of this exercise was carried out to expose the students about the dangers of fires, accidents or spills involving HAZMAT materials. With a little knowledge and training is provided, the members of the Fire Force to reduce the danger before the arrival of HAZMAT teams. ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM HAZMAT 5. Scope. 'Standard' is enshrined within the jurisdiction of the department to address the problem of 'hazardous material' to the community before, during and after the incident. It aims to: a. Establish a program for identifying placements, such as storage, production or distribution of hazardous material in an effort to prevent incidents from occurring and the potential to involve the substances 'hazardous material'. b. Establish guidelines to be followed by department personnel to deal with incidents involving hazardous material. 6. General. a. The potential for an incident occurred involving one or more 'hazardous material' has always existed in the community. The probability of occurring and the lack of resources in the region there may also allow the department to act / ability to operate outside the 'First Responder Operational Level' as enshrined in the 'NFPA 1

472 Professional Competence Of Responder To hazardous material incidents. b. At the operation, members are responsible for protecting lives, property and environment from the effects of 'hazardous material'. Members will operate in 'defensive' to control the incidence and prevent the release of hazardous material from spreading. c. After the incident commander confirmed the incident under control, the private vendor will be called to the incident to the incident site clearing operations. d. Private vendors will be borne by the company responsible for the incident or the department will call the contractor from the list of vendors. (1) (2) 7. States are responsible to pay all expenses related to the incident. Local Ordinance to approve this operation.

Responsibilities: a. Emergency Management Coordinator will be responsible for managing and controlling the programs departments 'hazardous material' and is responsible for ensuring that the department strives to follow the rules that apply in the states and federal. b. Fire Department is responsible for: (1) Identify the business engaged in the production, use, storage or distribution of 'hazardous material'. (2) Establish regular inspections of these businesses in order to reduce the possibility of incidents. (3) Provide a list of businesses for the provision of tactical overview to this place. c. Officers 'hazardous material' must complement each vehicle with a pair of binoculars, as well as user-related materials, equipment mobile detectors and disposable chemical protective clothing. d. Training Officer responsible for training members of the 'First Responder Operational Level', as outlined in NFPA 472. e. Company officials are responsible for: (1) Provide a tactical plan for employees as the initial act of the production, storage, use and distribution of HAZMAT. During the preparation of tactical action plan for company officers must ensure compliance with the authorization form for trade mark in accordance with NFPA 704 Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency 2

Response to place at risk and the existence dangerous to employees. (2) Ensure that truck drivers check the manual, equipment and a special protective clothing and equipment incident was the beginning of each work shift. (3) Ensure that all employees under his direction to do exercises to improve skills such as set forth in NFPA 472. PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES 8. Emergency Procedures: a. Scope. 'Standard' is a guideline to be followed in dealing with incidents involving HAZMAT incident. It aims to: (1) (2) Establish guidelines for dealing with incidents. To provide safety guidelines for response teams.

b. Definition. The following definitions are taken from several sources including the NFPA 472 - Standard for Professional Competence of Responder to hazardous materials incidents' are: (1) Cold Zone. HAZMAT incident zone containing the Command Post and other support functions needed to control the incident. This zone is also called 'clean zone' or 'support zone'. (2) Confinement. The procedures used to collect or store or place approved for disposal. (3) Containent. Action taken to save the material in the reservoir (container) to prevent / reduce substance from flowing to other places. (4) Contaminant. HAZMAT materials physically exist or human, animal, environmental or equipment, which still exists dangerous and risk further injury or risk of exposure outside the 'hot zone'. (5) Decontamination. The process of reducing and preventing the spread of contamination from human, plant and equipment used in HAZMAT incidents, whether physical or chemical. (6) Exposure. The process by which humans, animals, environment and equipment are exposed or exposed to HAZMAT. (7) Hazardous Material. Materials which, when released in a physical or life-threatening chemical, property and environment is also called HAZMAT. (8) Hot Zone. Areas that are about to HAZMAT incidents of contamination can be spread and impact of unforeseen circumstances. Also known as the 3

'Exclusion Zone' or 'Restricted Zone'. (9) Penetration. Movement HAZMAT materials that enter through the protective clothing such as zip extension, button holes, the connection layer and other chemical protective clothing designs are torn, translucent, and so forth. (10) Stabilization. The point where the HAZMAT incident was brought under control. (11) Warm Zone. HAZMAT incident control zones where personnel, equipment 'decontamination' and aid for the 'hot zone' is provided. It includes a control centre in / out and to help reduce the spread of contaminated material. This zone is also known as the 'decontamination', 'contamination reduction' or 'limited access zone'. c. General: (1) Officers who arrived early at the HAZMAT incident should report the information to the control room as follows: (a) The exact location. (b) The type and quantity of materials involved, if known. (c) Total number and type of damage and injury. (d) The name and type of transportation involved. (e) Other information, such as the material has entered the drainage system. (2) Officers who arrived earlier must apply for additional assistance is needed, creating a Command Post and began to control the incident site to prevent contamination and further injury. (3) The incident should be left blank if necessary. This function should be handed over to police after the team arrived in place of the incident. (4) Control room must provide information about weather such as temperature, wind speed and direction and humidity if they are able to do so. d. Tactical Objectives: (1) Incident 'Commander' must make 'size up' and identify the materials before allowing members to enter the incident area. (2) If a member should enter the 'hot zone' to save lives or make the control work, the appropriate protective clothing should be worn for the members who will enter the incident area.

(3) If a member entering the 'hot zone', 'decontamination sector' and 'rehab' to must be create and so that 'warm zone' and 'cold zone'. (4) Decontamination the victim must be passed before being sent to the medical centre. (5) Additional resources should be requested by local emergency response plan. Including private vendors if outside the ability of the department. (6) The main objective of the operational commander is to control and stabilize the incident. Cleaning process where the incident should be handed over to private vendors when the department beyond. (7) If the incident is increasingly difficult, it can activate an emergency operations plan (NSC Phase I). 9. Control and Treatment: a. Scope. 'Standard' is a guideline for dealing with control and clearance of incidents involving hazardous material. b. General: (1) Control methods are as follows but not limited to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (2) Land Siege. Irrigation and drainage. Booms. Dikes. Diverting flow. Drums or other large reservoirs. Posting of the reservoir. Portable Basin. Reservoirs. Drainage.

Transfer technique is as follows but not limited to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Evaporation or dilution. Excavating. The transfer of the hydraulic and mechanical. Skimming. Vacuuming.

c.

Responsibilities: (1) 'Incident Commander' which will coordinate with state and federal officials are responsible for selecting and applying the calculation to ferry incident appropriate 'hazardous material' to a safe level and successful 5

solutions. They include: (a) To ensure that a temporary storage place, if it can be a safe place. (b) Ensure that the final disposal site is approved. (2) Submission of local regulations, relationships with other agencies at the local, state and federal agencies and actions follows. (3) Those who are responsible for causing the incident 'HAZMAT' is liable pay all costs of cleaning and disposal of these materials. Procedures' Decontamination. a. Scope. 'Standard' this is the procedure for 'decontamination' of contaminated people and equipment due to the effects of exposure to & hazardous material. It aims to provide and guidance for: (1) Prevention of pollution out of the zone danger of spreading incidents involving HAZMAT. (2) Reduce the likelihood of death or injury caused by exposure to HAZMAT. (3) To provide procedures to 'decontaminate' the equipment and HAZMAT materials that can be used in the service. b. General. (1) 'Contamination' is spread to humans HAZMAT materials, equipment and environmental exposures, or affected due to the effects of HAZMAT. The effect of this exposure depends on the duration of exposure and exposure concentrations of HAZMAT. (2) 'Decon' is the process of separating 'contaminant' of people and equipment. 'Decon' needs to be done (setup) in the 'warm zone' in order to minimize the possibility of 'contaminant' second. (3) There are four (4) the 'decon' to force action. (a) 'Dilution'. Use plenty of water to & flush contaminant of the victim or valuable equipment. (b) 'Absorption'. Use absorbent material to suck up liquid 'contaminant'. Acting both in the incidence of spills. (c) Chemical Degradation. The use of other materials such as 'bleach' and 'baking soda' to change the chemical structure of HAZMAT materials to the materials 'neutral'. 6

to 10.

(d) 'Isolation' and 'disposal'. Segregation of HAZMAT to collect and dispose of in accordance with state and federal regulations. May result in high costs but is the simplest technique. c. Procedure. (1) If the 'contamination' occurs in HAZMAT incidents, Incident Commander should appoint officers 'Decon'. Officers 'decon' must establish the 'decontamination' in the 'warm zone'. The choice of the 'decon sector' has its basis as follows: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Ease of entry and exit locations. Material on the soil surface. Lighting. Irrigation and drainage. Source water. Forecast.

(2) All personnel, victims and equipment must be in the 'decon' before heading out to the 'cold zone'. Measurement of 'decon' a 'specific' needs to be done in the decon sector 'depending on the circumstances surrounding the incident and the extent of contamination. (3) Members assigned to the 'decon sector' should instruct members contaminated by the following procedure: (a) Gross Decontamination. Members who do decon to remove contaminated materials and equipment from the victims by using a hose or bathe victims' portable shower. Retention basins to hold water is contaminated. (b) Tool and Equipment. Tools and equipment used by a victim should be separated and placed in a location further from the 'decon sector if necessary. (c) Scrupbdown. The victim would then be transferred to the rinse reservoir where members 'decon' will brush it with a 'detergent' and water. Water will be stored for analysis prior to disposal. (d) Final Step. After washing the victim will be redirected to the final destination where clothes and other accessories removed. 'Item' should be left at the 'decon sector' for further management or disposal. (4) If the victim is contaminated should be immediately before the 'decon' done, the central control of 'medical' and any hospital emergency room should be contacted and informed.

(5) If contaminated Ambulance, Ambulances have quarantined until the vehicle is in the 'decon' properly. (6) Members of HAZMAT materials should be exposed to fill 'hazardous Material Exposure Form' and include a copy of the file 'medical' members. 11. Security Personnel: a. Scope. 'Standard' is a guideline for members who are directly involved in dealing with HAZMAT incidents. It is intended to reduce the risk of death and injury during HAZMAT incidents. b. General: (1) The most important action to be taken at the incident location is identified HAZMAT materials available. If the potential exists, should be considered a very bad scenario that no longer dangerous confirmed. (2) The area must be controlled and no one is allowed to enter the area until the incident commander stating it was safe to do so. (3) Assistance should be summoned as well as existing materials must be identified. (4) After the problems identified, the incident commander must make a plan of action for dealing with incidents. Tactical Survey are useful in this process. The action plan should be focused on three main objectives: (a) (b) (c) Safety of life. Property. Protection of the environment.

(5) The incident commander should appoint a 'Safety Officer' in the early stages. 'Safety Officer' should always contact Incident Commander and the need to rectify the situation if it appears unsafe conditions immediately. c. Operations: (1) There are three (3) the action is identified: (a) Phase I. The least serious and the ability of the Fire Station. If evacuation is necessary and will be limited to the affected areas only. Example: oil spill / diesel. (b) Phase II. Beyond the Fire Station. The incidence of 'level' II requires a trained HAZMAT response teams. Example: gas pipe leaks that could lead to 'BLEVE'.

(c) Stage III. The most serious level, requiring special resources from the public and private agencies. If you need large-scale evacuation is done according to emergency operations plan. Example: the incident involving the two border areas. (2) Operations are carried out 'defensive' or 'offensive': (a) Operating defensive focus to the control without direct contact with HAZMAT materials. (b) Operation 'offensive' focuses on the actions 'aggresive' to the material, container or processing systems may communicate directly with HAZMAT materials. Operation 'offensive' will not be done if the Incident Commander to ensure the risk is less. (3) Personal is not allowed to enter the 'warm zone' or 'hot zone' with no specific training and personal protection. (4) Personal is not allowed to leave the 'warm zone' or 'hot zone' without the 'decontamination' is perfect. (5) 'Safety Officer' would appoint 'Medical Surveillance Team. This team is responsible for monitoring the signs of the toxic effects of exposure include: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) Change in the 'complexion', discoloration of the skin. Lack of coordination. Change the 'demeanour'. 'Excessive salivation', 'papillary response. Change in terms of speech. Headaches. The effect of intoxication. Lack of clear vision. Muscle cramps. Itching of the eyes, skin or respiratory tract.

(6) Members of HAZMAT materials should be exposed to fill 'hazardous Material Exposure Form' and include a copy of the file 'medical' members. (7) Incident Commander should appoint 'Rehab Officer. This officer is responsible for creating 'Rehab Sector. Members should be rotated through 'Rehab Sector' by the Department SOP. 12. Contaminated Clothing That Cover: a. Scope. These standards are guidelines to be followed if the clothing, protective clothing or personal protective equipment contaminated with HAZMAT materials.

b.

Procedure. (1) The person to enter the 'hot zone' and the 'warm zone' HAZMAT incident in the area at risk for exposure to HAZMAT involved. (2) Members must be through the 'decon sector' before being allowed out into the 'cold zone'. (a) When entering the 'decon sector' members must leave all equipment and tools so that the edge of such equipment may be in the 'decon'. (b) After rinsing and a member of the 'decon' as possible, they need to 'clean sector decon zone' so that members 'decon' can help to remove the protective clothing. (c) All materials and contaminated protective clothing must be placed in a plastic bag and marked ('tagging'). Marking of contaminated material contained in a plastic bag are as follows: i. ii. iii. iv. Member names. Time. Date. Materials / equipment are contaminated.

(d) If the garment member or 'uniform' has been contaminated, the member should continue to station 'shower'. After the 'shower' they need to dry off and change clothes clean. Make sure the equipment is monitored individual members. (e) Clothing or 'unifom' as well as private member of the contaminated equipment is packaged and marked. Towels and other 'item' is used for drying should be included in the bag 'decon' or disposed. (3) Officers 'decon' must make decisions on contaminated equipment for 'salvage'. 'Item' is not 'decon 'to be disposed of in accordance with state and federal regulations. (4) 'Item' that can 'decon 'must be returned to the member after 'decon' properly. ACTION IS IN PLACE UNTIL CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS Create A 'Size-Up' Events To Take Place The Following Information: Type of chemicals involved. Level spill. Wind direction and weather conditions. 10

 Topography. Determination of safety distance between the scene of the civilian population near ('safety distance'). If the action involves the transport vehicles for the safety of users of other road. Take Action To Isolate The Dangerous Areas Are Safe Areas To The Public: Separate entrance area and define ('isolate and deny entry').

Establish An Action Plan As Follows: Security's firefighters. Separation of the affected areas if needed. To monitor the situation. Stabilize hazardous chemicals. Oversee the disposal, run by the owners of the material involved.

Explore ways to control hazards. Identify the resources needed to achieve the objectives of the action. Adopting the method of 'holding action' if the resources are needed not arrive / reach. Avoid doing any act which has no provision under the rules and guidelines for appropriate and effective, and also not encouraged to make a test / Trial of an action. Create two areas related to the incident, namely: Limited Access Zone (LAZ) Evacuation Zone (EZ)

END 13. By studying this subject the trainees are able to handle or take early action to any incident involving HAZMAT.

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REVIEW QUESTIONS Questions 1 And 3 Find The Correct Answer And Mark In The Box Provided True / False 1. At the operational level to handle incidents involving HAZMAT, members are responsible for protecting lives, property and environment from the effects of 'hazardous material'. Members will operate in 'defensive' to control the incidence and prevent the release of hazardous material from spreading. 2. Chemical Degradation 'is the use of other materials such as' bleach' and 'baking soda' to change the chemical structure of HAZMAT materials to the materials' neutral 'is one of the' decon '. 3. Company officials responsible for preparing tactical plans for initial actions of employees as production areas, storage, use and distribution of HAZMAT. 4. There are three levels of action identified. What is meant by (a) Phase I -

(b)

Phase II -

(5)

There are four methods of 'decon' to force action. What is meant by: (a) 'Dilution'

(b)

'Absorption'

(c)

'Chemical Degradation'

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