Transformer Maintenance GENERAL

Transformers in service are often subjected to heavy electrical and mechanical stresses. In order to avoid faults and disturbances, it is extremely important that the transformers are carefully supervised. Certain items on or in a transformer must be inspected regularly to assure a long lasting life. The frequency of these inspections is determined by the size and type of the transformer, the atmospheric conditions, and the importance of continuity of service. The actual frequency of inspection should be adjusted for each device as local experience dictates and with minimum intervals as specified on the chart mentioned on page 17. Observation of oil condition and temperature on a routine basis is recommended. Spare transformers must be inspected and maintained in the same manner as transformers in operation. Before moving a transformer, remove any lightning arresters that may be mounted outboard of the tank to prevent breakage.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

SAFE PRACTICES

Working on power transformers doesn't need to be a hazardous occupation. If good workmanship and good sense for safety precautions are observed, no exceptional danger need to be encountered. Basic safety precautions: Every employer has to have a safety program and he has to know how to use it. Personal safety has to be everyone's first concern. Keep yourself and others safe by observing all the safety rules and insist that others do the same. Be alert. Plan for emergencies. If an accident occurs, react quickly with the tools and skills at hand. Know how to use a first aid kit. Know where to get emergency aid in a hurry. Wear the protective clothing recommended for the job. You may need a proper head protection (hard hat), breathing apparatus, safety glasses (goggles) and gloves. Wear what is required. Threat all electric equipment with respect before working on any electrical circuit, trace all wiring, locate all switches and isolate or disconnect the parts of the circuit you are working on. Be aware that an electrical fire requires a special extinguisher and know how to use it. Avoid working under raised or blocked equipment. Don't attempt to adjust or repair moving equipment. Keep your hand away from moving parts.

Besides the basic safety precautions a general WARNING and DANGER information typical for transformers has to be taken into account too: Electric shock accidents caused by current pads through the human body has to be avoided at any time. Therefore it is of the utmost importance to work on electrical equipment under conditions of very high safety-levels. Precautions are as follows but not limited to the listed points: Do not touch metal structures on a transformer in service unless a safe grounding (earthing) of the unit is confirmed. Do not go on the top of the transformer cover unless the unit has been de-energized. Ground bushings before doing any work on it. A capacitive loading of the transformer is always possible. Remove voltage supply on control cabinets before working inside. Cabinets may contain current transformer-leads open circuited by one or another non regular situation. Do not remove covers from busducts, core grounding and other components without assurance that the voltage is removed from it. Do not walk with a ladder or another long element in the area of a transformer or overhead lines under voltage.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

EXTERNAL MAINTENANCE-CLEANING Use an oil solvent to thoroughly remove all oil that appears on the outside of the tank or on the gaskets. This oil, later showing up on the painted surface, often gives the false impression of a leak. The bushing porcelains must be kept free from dust and dirt and have to be inspected at least once per year. Abnormal conditions such as sandstorms, salt deposits, dust, or chemical fumes require regular cleaning to avoid accumulations to the external surface. Accepted methods of hot line washing or cleaning with solvents may be used. Keep the heat radiating surfaces of the transformer clean. External surfaces of forced oil heat exchangers should be periodically cleaned as a particular dusty location may dictate. Transformers near the sea coast or in corrosive atmosphere areas should be painted regularly to prevent corroding or rusting of metal parts. If it becomes necessary to remove a radiator or an air cooled oil cooler first close the valves, top and bottom, and bolt them in the closed position. Next, drain the oil from the radiator by removing the drain plug from the bottom header and the vent plug from the top. After draining the oil, remove the radiator. If the radiator/cooler is removed for any length of time, the transformer valves should be sealed with gaskets and covered with suitable plates. This also applies to the radiator-cooler openings. All breathers and small openings in pressure relief valves (and pressure-vacuum bleeders on sealed tank system and inert gas system units) must be kept clean and in operating condition. All ground buses and wiring leads to ground must be kept in good condition. Proper relay operation depends on low ground resistance. Ground resistance must be measured annually.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

SPECIAL SERVICE CONDITIONS Special attention must be given where transformer operates under abnormal conditions. Bushings exposed to dust or chemically laden air must be kept clean to prevent flashovers due to the formation of conducting deposits on the porcelain. Transformers installed near a sea coast must be kept well painted to avoid corrosion by salt air.

UNUSUAL SERVICE CONDITIONS It happens sometimes that units are relocated from one location to another. Due to this new environment it may happen that the original agreed performances of the unit are not 100 % as designed for. Therefore: Unusual operating duty, frequency of operation, difficulty of maintenance, parallel operation, reverse power operation, unbalanced voltage conditions, or special insulation requirements must be brought to the attention of your nearest Pauwels Transformers Sales Representative.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

PERIODIC INSPECTION A. EXTERNAL CIRCUITS AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT

The following must be inspected 30 days after installation and once per year thereafter. A. Control circuit voltage. B. Excess heating of parts-evidence by discoloration of metal parts, charred insulation, or odor. C. Freedom of moving parts (binding or sticking is not allowed) D. Excessive noise in relay coils. E. Excessive arcing in opening circuits. F Proper functioning of timing devices, sequencing of devices, relief device alarm contacts, thermometer contacts, etc ... G. Evidence of water or liquids in control cabinets and in air-filled cable boxes.

B. COOLING SYSTEM

Regarding naturally cooled transformers and transformers equipped with air cooled oil coolers, there is, in general, no need for taking special steps to keep the inner side (oil circuit) of the cooling surfaces clean, as long as the oil is in good condition. If, however, formation of sludge in the oil has set in, the sludge may deposit in horizontal surfaces in radiators and coolers. In such a case, the radiators and the coolers should be rinsed in connection with the changing of oil and overhauling of the transformer. If the sludge does not loosen by flushing with oil, use benzine, trichlorethylene, etc., and afterwards flush with oil. The other side which is exposed to the elements by dust, sand, etc ... have to be cleaned as mentioned before.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

C. FANS

a! Bearings: Fan motors are executed with sealed ball bearings lubricated with heavy duty grease which do not require any maintenance as experienced by our fan suppliers and also by Pauwels' after service engineers during many decades. Notwithstanding the bearings are from the "so-called maintenance free" type, it is advisable to know the general maintenance instructions on bearings as mentioned by bearing- and motor manufactures as follows: Ball bearings with permanent lubrication, working under normal operating conditions on motors with 4 poles or more (as usually on transformer-fans) can be operated for about 20000 hours without maintenance. With all motors, however, the maximum period of maintenance-free operation is four years. The ball bearings and bearing caps should then be washed with petrol or benzene. If necessary, replace the bearings. Ensure that spaces between the balls and the roller tracks as well as the grease compartments are half filled with grease. Coat shaft bushings in the bearing caps or endshields with a thin layer of grease.

b/ During extended periods of reduced transformer capacity not requiring fan operation, it is suggested that the fans will be activated on a periodical base (quarterly), to assure satisfactory operation when required.

cl Make sure that the drain holes on the motor are open (to allow draining of condensation) and check also that the fanblades can rotate without any obstruction of foreign objects (like:birdnests etc ... ).

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04 Transformer Maintenance

D. COMBUSTIBLE GAS TEST

Test for combustible gases weekly during the first month of operation (everything but C02, 02 and N2). This test has to be performed on a monthly base after the first month until the end of the first year. After one year in operation run the test on a quarterly basis. Oil sampling has to be in line with ASTM D 3613 or IEC 567. This means that the method of sampling has to be fully in line with the required standards in order to be sure that the conclusions of the DGA's are correctly interpreted.

Dissolved gas analysis

Acceptable values of DGA limits and moisture in oil for all Pauwels transformers upto 240 kV nominal System voltage are as follows : a/ New units prior to energizing: aa/ Conservator type with atmoseal bag: -Total gas allowance is 0.1 %or 1000 ppm. -Moisture: s 5 ppm. bb/ Sealed tank system and inert gas pressure system: (i.e: Transformers with a nitrogen blanket on top of oil) -Moisture: s 5 ppm. -Total gas allowance: 1000 ppm on sample taken directly after oil filling. b/ In service units: General: 02 has to be:-. 10 000 ppm. In case 02 is >10 000 ppm, it indicates: -Possible leak in tank. -or, sloppy sampling procedures. - High oxygen content allows the combustible gasses to be produced in greater quantities while there is not necessarily any need for greater concern. If the 02 is very high (>1 OOOOppm) the combustible gas analysis data should be questioned for accuracy and resampling of oil is required. H2 : ::;; 200 ppm. Total of CH gasses ( Carbon hydrogen's ). (i.e. all except 0 2 ; N0 ; C0 2 and CO) : ::;300 ppm. C2 H2 : ::;1 0 ppm for sealed and conservator type units with a complete separate conservator for LTC. ::;20 ppm for units having a common gas or air space for main tank and LTC. CO : ::;800 ppm. Moisture: ::;5 ppm. Always observe the generating rate of rise of the combustible gas level. If the combustible gas level reaches 0.3% at any time, weekly tests should be made to determine if the level is constant or increasing. If after four weeks the level remains constant, resume the normal test schedule as above. If the level continues to rise, an attempt should be made to locate the cause. However, this attempt should be made whenever a 0.3 % level is detected. If at any time a 0.5 % combustible gas level is detected, de-energize the unit until the source of the gas is determined and advice Pauwels Trafo.

7 04 Transformer Maintenance

E. DETERMINING OF COMBUSTIBLE GAS GENERATION RATES

Usually, the rate of generation is determined for the total of the combustible gasses. ( i.e: everything but C0 2 , 0 2 , Nz) Typical evaluation: (2.8 dm ) of combustible gas per day is reason to suspect that A generation rate of more than 0.1 the fault that generated the gasses is an active one. The formula for calculating the rate of gas generation is as follows: (ST - SO) * V * 10- 6 R= ?.5 * T = ft 3 fday SO = Sum of combustible gasses of first sample in ppm. ST = Sum of combustible gasses of second sample in ppm V =Volume of tank in gallons (1 gallon= 3.7854 liters). T = Days between first and second sample. R= Generation rate of combustible gasses in fe/day. Alternative evaluation as used by PAUWELS TRAFO:
R=

fe

ST-SO
T

= ppmjday

Whereas ST; SO and T stands for the same as mentioned above. The generation rate R is not to be considered only. However when all of the gasses are within the allowances (as per "D." above) and the rateR is calculated as per "E." above, the following evaluation criteria can be maintained: ... A generation rate upto 10 ppm/day is considered as acceptable and a new sample has to be taken on the normal interval period of one year. - Continue normal operation of the transformer. ... A generation rate of 10 to 30 ppm/day requires a resampling within three months to evaluate the new sample against the two previous ones. -Continue normal operation of the transformer within this three months period. - In case the R value on the 3th sample remains identical with the previous samples and Rs;30 ppm/day, the gas production will be considered as normal. ... A generation rate of more than 30 ppm/day requires a resampling within one month to evaluate the new sample against the two previous ones. - Continue operation of the transformer within this one month period, check wether the load remains within the normal rated power and the ambient-, WTI- and top-oil-temperatures have to be noted, together with the rated input current every one hour. (These readings are preferable done by computer sensing) . ... A generation rate of 100 ppm/day requires that a new sample is urgently to be taken ( within some days ), to evaluate the new sample ( within one week) against the two previous ones. - Plan outage . ... A generation rate of 150 ppm/day indicates a very active one. -Consider removal from service. We recognize that the gasses will generally not within the limits as per "D." for R>30ppm/day (also in some cases at a lower R) and the whole evaluation criteria will differ somewhat. However the higher ppm/day rates are for customers advise in general. It has to be understand that the generation rate R is not the only evaluation factor, it has to be understood as a helpful tool for a complete evaluation of the oil sample. In case of doubt, we suggest to contact the nearest Pauwels Transformers representative for advise.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

F PERIODIC INSPECTION OF OIL Transformer oil is hygroscopic and therefore it easily absorbs moisture from the air. The absorption of moisture is minimized by the oil preservation system. In a sealed tank system, the pressure-vacuum regulator permits the entry of very small quantities of air only during a minus 5 psi vacuum condition. The positive pressure nitrogen system (inert gas pressure system) precludes the entry of any air as long as positive gas pressure is maintained. The oil conservator system with a silicagel breather also minimizes the entry of moisture as long as the gel is properly renewed or regenerated as soon as its ability to absorb moisture begins to diminish. Check also whether the oil lock in the silicagel breather is properly filled with oil (Re: maximum and minimum oil level in lock). If some work has been carried out on a transformer and the oil has, during that time, been exposed to the humidity of the air, the breakdown value of the oil should be checked. A similar checking of the oil should also be made on all transformers at regular time intervals. If formation of sludge has set in, the oil changes its color and gets darker. The appearance of the oil is usually muddy. By filtering, it is possible to remove the sludge but, having once started, the formation of sludge will increase with time. Such oil should be completely changed as soon as the service conditions permit. Another process of aging, associated with the formation of sludge, is the increase of the content of free acids in the oil. If this content doesn't exceed 0.5 mg KOH per g (500 ppm) and the oil for the rest shows good properties, it is fit for use. Otherwise the oil should be changed. Note : New transformer oil contains :::::;0.1 mg KOH/g. Should the flash point, when tested according ISO 2719 or ASTM 092, be less than 130 degrees and the oil also smells burnt, a decomposition (cracking) of the oil may have occurred. In that case, the transformer should be inspected (lifted or the manholes opened) to make sure that there is no local overheating of core or coils. The minimum breakdown value of the oil is: min. 60 kV/2.5 mm (IEC-156 electrodes), Min 30 kV/2.54 mm (ASTM D 877 Electrodes). By means of filtering or other methods for purifying the oil, it is usually possible to obtain breakdown values exceeding these values. Changing of the oil in a transformer has to in line with the filling procedures as described in the operating manual of the applicable unit. The change should be as complete as possible because a mixture of old and new oil will usually, in a short time acquire the properties of the poorer quality. Oil which is not too much oxidized can be regenerated in certain cases. However this is economical only for very large quantities of oil. The regeneration should be made by a reputable, competent firm, which can treat the oil chemically.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

G. TEMPERATURE

The life of a transformer is highly dependent upon the temperature prevailing in the windings and the core of the transformer under operation. It is therefore important that the temperature is continually kept under observation (Example: via a remote sensing system towards a dispatch center). With a low temperature of the cooling medium(ambient air), the transformer can be overloaded. However, the permissible overload must not be judged only from the temperature rise of the oil above the cooling medium, because the temperature drop winding-oil increases with the 1.6th power of the increase of load. The ANSI/IEC Loading Guide may be used on a condition that the "assumed characteristics at rated load" as mentioned in the applicable standard, will be replaced by "actual characteristics after testing". This means that the actual ratio for no-load and load losses including the actual top-oil and average winding-rise has to be used for a good judgment on allowable overload situations. In case of doubt, Pauwels Transformers has to be consulted. Normally, it is not possible to arrange a temperature measuring device directly on the windings of a transformer except in a few special cases where fiber optics are mounted in the windings for measuring direct temperatures. Pauwels Transformers uses a method by means of which an artificially obtained temperature is measured, which follows the temperature in one of the windings of the transformers. This device is installed if the design specifications were called for a Winding temperature indicator or"WTI". In case a "WTI" is not installed, the top oil temperature indicator related to the ambient temperature will give a reasonable indication about the load conditions. If, without an increase in load, there is a tendency for the temperature of a transformer to rise, the reason may be that in some way the cooling is impaired.(Example: fan out of service) Another reason for abnormal temperature may be that the oil has started to form sludge deposits on the windings and the core of the transformer. The cooling of these parts is then reduced, and their temperature will increase. However, the latter situation is considered a very abnormal. If abnormal temperature rises have been found, the thermometer should be checked first for proper functioning. The overload capacity is sometimes limited by the accessories of the transformer. For instance: bushings, tap changers, etc ... After every continuous overload of 20 % or more, an investigation is recommended.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

H. OIL LEVELS The oil levels in the tank and load-tap-changer mechanism compartment should be checked at two-week intervals during the first month of operation and annually after that. I. VENTING At moments when the transformer is not energized, it is advised to use this opportunity for venting the air or gas bubbles from the different places where air vents are installed. Like on top of radiators, manholes, pipes, conservators with atmoseal bag, etc ... , where ever applicable. The basic condition before venting is allowed, is that the internal pressure is higher than the ambient pressure, and that venting is only allowed on places filled with oil. This is not always the case when related to nitrogen cushioned sealed tank systems. Venting is also required when components are replaced which are situated in places where oil is involved.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

OIL DIELECTRIC TEST

Any insulating oil from a transformer in service tested: less than 30 kV/2.54 mm as per ASTM D 877 or less than 60 kV/2.5 mm as per IEC 156 should be filtered or streamlined. Test the oil annually or more frequently if the operation condition of the transformer questions the continuity of the oil quality in general Low insulating oil strength may also be an indication that the transformer insulation contains excess moisture. Further evaluation should be made such as making power factor tests, dew point measurements on the unit and taking oil samples to determine moisture content in oil. Oil sampling has to be in line with ASTM D 923 or IEC 475. MOISTURE LIMITS IN OIL: Moisture content in ppm is related to the operation conditions of the transformer. Moisture in oil can lead to reducing the dielectric strength in oil and windings and this is related to the temperature of the dielectric structure as such. Therefore the maximum ppm of moisture for units operating under conditions where the oil temperature can drop (consider also non-service situations) has to be as follows: Temperaturein -20

oc

Max. allowable moisturein ppm.

:::;;s

-100

oo

::::;9 :::;; 16

Note 1: Oil sampling has to be in line with ASTM D 3613 or IEC 567. This means that besides other C. Otherwise, high water precautions also the oil temperature of the sample has to be higher than content may not be detected.

oo

Example: In case 50 ppm moisture is detected in oil that is sampled at 10 Coil temperature, free water is already created and this water can move inside the windings and other critical parts of the transformer. This is a dangerous situation for the transformer and therefore not allowed. In general the maximum ppm of moisture for units which are operational with an oil temperature of +10C and higher is limited to 20 ppm as per standard prior to energizing. In case transformers are located in ambient conditions where as the oil temperature (bottom oil) can drop below minus 15 C, maximum 5 ppm of moisture is allowed in the oil. Note 2: New transformer oil, as supplied by Pauwels Trafo contains an acidity (free acids in the oil) lower than 0.1 mg KOH/gr. However during operation this value increases due to the oxidation of oil. In service transformers can have 0.3 mg KOH/g and in this case the saturation of moisture in oil is about twice the initial ppm value before free water is created.

12 04 Transformer Maintenance

PARTICLES IN OIL

The breakdown strength of oil decreases approximately 25 % when the moisture content increases from 5 ppm to 20 ppm at the same sample temperature. A further reduction in the breakdown strength of oil occurs when iron, copper, aluminium or cellulose particles are situated in the oil and tests in this field showed that the dielectrical strength of oil can become very poor. Larger and conducting particles decrease the breakdown voltage most whereas fine particles can be agglomerate or be dispersed, so that particle chains can be developed. It is also known that particles may cause partical discharges developed in oil. This phenomen is basically applicable for all power transformers. However for practical reasons we feel that this requirement has to be applicable for transformers with a BIL level of 550 kV and higher. For reasons as stated above, Pauwels has produced a criteria for particles which has to be taken into account before a transformer will be placed in actual service as follows : Maximum allowance of particles in a 10 milli-liter sample (0.338 fl.oz) Total Quantity Quantity of particles greater than 5 1-1m Quantity of particles greater than 20 1-1m Quantity of particles greater than 30 1-1m 2500 1500 50 10

Since each sample taken will give different results, it is a practical matter to provide 5 or 6 samples and the average of each measured sample is the base for the determination whether the particles are within the required limits.

13 04 Transformer Maintenance

PERIODIC TESTING
Power factor tests on the unit must be made whenever the unit is de-energized for long periods (1 month or more) or the unit is opened for any reason. In addition, power factor tests should be performed annually. The required power factor has to be as follows: Maximum 0.5% at 100 C when measured as per ANSI Maximum 0.5 % at goo C when measured as per IEC.

PERIODIC INSPECTION-EXTERNAL TANK, COVER, GASKETS, VALVES

Regular annual inspection is required on these components as functional tests, leakage's, etc ... Any replacement or adjustment required should be accomplished as soon as possible. Nitrile rubber gaskets around doors, manholes, covers, etc. may be reused if in good condition. Neoprene impregnated cork gaskets, if used, have to be replaced by new ones. Valves: in case leakage's are detected on the driving shaft, retighten the compression gland. Use only graphite-free sealing material when changing packings.

ACCESSORIES
Test all accessories once a year. Examine all apparatus, electrical cables and conductors, signaling and operating devices to the control room or control board. Megger testing is also recommended once a year.

MAINTENANCE INSPECTION CHART

Refer to the chart on page 17 of 18 for inspection interval and type of inspection recommendation. Measure: 1. Visual inspection and reading 2. Cleaning and examination 3. Taking oil sample, testing 4. Filtering 5. Lubrication 6. Operating test 7. Testing of electrical circuits 8. Megger test of electrical circuits 9. Inspection of contacts 10. Changing of contacts

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04 Transformer Maintenance

MAINTENANCE INSPECTION CHART TRANSFORMER

FREQUENCY COMPONENT 1 2 3 Application for this unit: YES Tank, cover. gaskets Conservator tank, open Conservator tank, sealed with Atmoseal (rubber diaphragm) Radiators Fans attached on radiators Coolers with fans incorporated Coolers water cooled, (oil side) Coolers water cooled, (water side) Valves Oil pumps with motor Oil of transformer main tank Bushings Magnetic oil level indicators Buchholz relay Temperature indicator(s) Thermostats Flow indicators for oil and water Pressure gauges for oil and water Pressure relief device Dehydrating breather for main tank Nitrogen cushion on sealed tank system Nitrogen equipment for units with inert gas pressure system (positive pressure nitrogen system) Manuel driving mechanism for de-energized tap changer (DTC) Load tap changer: - Main contacts of LTC - Oil of LTC compartment - Oil level indicator of LTC - Thermostat - Pressure relief device - Motor drive unit - Automatic system for operation - Dehydrating breather for LTC Lightning arresters Protective relays Groundings De-energized tap changer (DTC) A A A A (3)S A A A A A M D
1M{ 1M{
,

10

NO

A A

X X X X

s
A A A

s s

A A

A A

A A

X X X X X

WR
5-WR

WR WR
A A D
1M{

X X X

WR WR
1M{

A A A A A A A

A A A A A

A A A A A

X X X X X X

w
D

WR
D D M WR WR A WR

X X X

w
(1)D D

WR

A F

X X X

F (2)A

WR
A A A A A A A A A A A A A

X X X X X X X X X X X

A A

A A

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04 Transformer Maintenance

D =daily W=weekly M =monthly S = semi-annually A = annual type as used

WR = when required F = Five years or 100,000 operations, depending on load tap changer type as used. Detail info, see operation and maintenance instructions of the applicable LTC in the transformer operating manual.

Measure: 1. Visual inspection and reading 2. Cleaning and examination 3. Taking oil sample, testing 4. Filtering 5. Lubrication

6. Operating test 7. Testing electrical circuits 8. Megger test electrical circuits 9. Inspection of contacts 10. Changing contacts

(1) -During cold ambient temperatures the nitrogen pressures will drop. Also the first weeks after putting the nitrogen blanket on the top of the oil is a critical situation since the nitrogen will dissolve in oil and the nitrogen pressure tends to drop below the minus 5 PSI setting of the pressure/vacuum bleeder on the main tank, it is required to adjust the nitrogen pressure upto + 5 PSI. (2) -First oil check has to be performed after about 20.000 tap changes, regardless of which LTC-type is used in the transformer. (3) -The DTC has to be switched over its total range for at least 10 (ten) times.

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04 Transformer Maintenance

CHECKLIST FOR TRANSFORMER CUSTOMER:

RDER N': TRANSFORMER N': MVA:

HT:
Supply (motors) :

kV I LT:

kV

Supply (control system) : MECHANICAL: Painting : OK I Remarks DATE NAME Wiring : OK I Remarks

v v
ELECTRICAL DATE NAME

Oil level : Transformer Tap changer

Settings : Oil Thermometer Alarm jTrip Windings thermometer HT Alarm

Throttles open Main valve TR. open TC. open Overpressure valve Manual driving tap changer Silicagel : (Blue) Oil lock Earth connections Desaeration : Bushings HT Bushings Domes Buchholzrelais Tap changer Oil pump Coolers Arcinq horns : HT LT Rating plate Terminal marking plate PT- plate mm mm
LT

rip Windings thermometer LT Alarm rip Thermostat ATO Overpressure gauge Oil level Transformer Tap changer Fans: Turning direction Control Turning 15 Min. Pumps: Turning direction Control Turning 15 Min. Tap changer: Step by step Stop (in end position) Automatic control Position indicator Buchholzrelais : NO NO NC NC RS 1000 /2001 NO NC Megqer: HT I LT HT I Earthing LT I Earthing

oc oc oc oc oc oc oc
ATO

M11 Mn Mn

Braekdown voltage oil REMARKS:

kv

THE TRANSFORMER IS /IS NOT READY FOR SERVICE

Signatures

-r

Date

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04 Transformer Maintenance