User's Guide

Version 5.5

Version 4.1

Licensed and distributed by Pearson Education Visit the TestGen site at http://www.pearsoned.com/testgen

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education and its licensors All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided soley for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions an dto honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.

TestGen is a registered trademark of Tamarack Software, Inc. TestGen Program, QuizMaster Program, and TestGen Plug-in (Windows and Macintosh versions), Copyright 1997-2004 Tamarack Software,Inc. All Rights Reserved. TestGen-EQ, TestGen, QuizMaster, StudyWizard, and associated Tamarack products are licensed and distributed by Pearson Education. The NeoAccess software contained within this program is proprietary to NeoLogic Systems, Inc. and is licensed to the TestGen Program and QuizMaster Program (Windows and Macintosh versions). NeoLogic Systems, Inc. makes no warranties whatsoever, expressed or implied, regarding this product, including warranties with respect to its merchantability or its fitness for any particular purpose. Copyright Biit Inc 1996-1998. All Rights Reserved. Biit disclaims all warranties with regard to this software including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall Biit be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software. Copyright FairCom Corporation 1992-2000. All Rights Reserved. The TestGen software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. Copyright 1991-1998, Thomas G. Lane. The Independent JPEG Group makes NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied, with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. This software is provided "AS IS", and you, its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy. The Independent JPEG Group accepts NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind. Windows, Windows NT, and Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Apple, Macintosh, iMac, and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S.A. and other countries. Internet Explorer is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Netscape Navigator is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation in the United States and other countries. Blackboard.com is a registered trademark of Blackboard.

Table of Contents
GETTING STARTED .................................................................................................................................... 1 ABOUT TESTGEN ........................................................................................................................................... 1 PACKAGE COMPONENTS................................................................................................................................. 2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................ 2 INSTALLING AND STARTING TESTGEN ............................................................................................................ 3 DOWNLOADING FROM THE TESTGEN WEB SITE .............................................................................................. 5 PASSWORD OPTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 6 INSTALLING THE TESTGEN PLUG-IN FOR STUDENTS ....................................................................................... 7 PRODUCT SUPPORT ........................................................................................................................................ 8 CREATING TESTS........................................................................................................................................ 9 CHOOSING A TEST TYPE ................................................................................................................................. 9 CREATING TESTS FOR PAPER .......................................................................................................................... 9 CREATING TESTS FOR THE WEB ................................................................................................................... 10 CREATING TESTS FOR QUIZMASTER............................................................................................................. 12 SAVING AND OPENING TESTS ....................................................................................................................... 13 SWITCHING TEST MODES ............................................................................................................................. 14 CREATE A TEST STEP-BY-STEP ............................................................................................................ 15 MAIN PROGRAM WINDOW .................................................................................................................... 17 OUTLINE AND QUESTION VIEWS................................................................................................................... 18 ARRANGING WINDOWS ................................................................................................................................ 19 THE TESTBANK WINDOW ...................................................................................................................... 20 OPENING A TESTBANK ................................................................................................................................. 20 TESTBANK WINDOW .................................................................................................................................... 20 SEARCHING A TESTBANK ............................................................................................................................. 22 TESTBANK DISPLAY OPTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 23 TESTBANK INFO ........................................................................................................................................... 24 THE TEST WINDOW.................................................................................................................................. 25 TEST WINDOW BUTTONS ............................................................................................................................. 25 TARGET WINDOW ........................................................................................................................................ 26 CHOOSING TEST QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................... 27 USING THE TESTGEN WIZARD...................................................................................................................... 27 CHOOSING TEST ITEMS RANDOMLY OR MANUALLY ..................................................................................... 30 TEST INFO .................................................................................................................................................... 31 FORMATTING TESTS ............................................................................................................................... 32 TEST DISPLAY OPTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 32 SORTING TEST QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 35 SCRAMBLING TEST QUESTION ORDER .......................................................................................................... 36

TEST HEADERS AND FOOTERS ...................................................................................................................... 37 QUESTION TYPE HEADERS ........................................................................................................................... 38 PAGE BREAKS .............................................................................................................................................. 39 ADDING NOTES TO A TEST ........................................................................................................................... 39 POINT VALUES FOR PLUG-IN TESTS .............................................................................................................. 40 TEST FORMAT .............................................................................................................................................. 41 PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND EXPORTING TESTS ......................................................................... 43 PRINTING TESTS........................................................................................................................................... 43 PUBLISHING TESTS FOR USE WITH THE TESTGEN PLUG-IN ............................................................................ 44 PUBLISHING TESTS FOR USE WITH QUIZMASTER .......................................................................................... 45 EXPORTING TESTS TO TEXT AND RTF FILES ................................................................................................ 47 EXPORTING TESTS TO HTML....................................................................................................................... 47 EXPORTING TESTS TO BLACKBOARD ............................................................................................................ 49 EXPORTING TESTS TO WEBCT ..................................................................................................................... 51 THE QUESTION EDITOR ......................................................................................................................... 56 USING THE QUESTION EDITOR ...................................................................................................................... 56 MULTIPLE-CHOICE AND BIMODAL QUESTIONS ............................................................................................. 60 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 62 ESSAY QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 69 TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS .............................................................................................................................. 69 MATCHING QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 70 VOCABULARY QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 72 QUESTION DESCRIPTORS .............................................................................................................................. 73 INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 74 EXPLANATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 75 USING THE RULER........................................................................................................................................ 76 WORKING WITH INSTRUCTION AND DESCRIPTOR LISTS ................................................................................. 76 ADVANCED EDITING PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... 80 USING SYMBOLS AND TEMPLATES................................................................................................................ 80 INSERTING FOREIGN LANGUAGE SYMBOLS................................................................................................... 83 INSERTING TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... 85 INSERTING GRAPHICS ................................................................................................................................... 86 USING THE GRAPHING TOOL ........................................................................................................................ 90 USING VARIABLES IN QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................. 98 REGENERATING AND LOCKING VARIABLES ................................................................................................ 100 USING THE MACRO EDITOR ........................................................................................................................ 101 CUSTOMIZING TESTBANKS ......................................................................................................................... 102 CREATING A NEW TESTBANK ..................................................................................................................... 103 GLOBAL STYLE REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................................. 108 DEFAULT STYLES FOR THE QUESTION EDITOR ............................................................................................ 109 TESTGEN TOOLS..................................................................................................................................... 110 KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS ............................................................................................................................. 110 TESTGEN PREFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 111 RESETTING TESTGEN ................................................................................................................................. 114 SPELL CHECKER......................................................................................................................................... 115 FIND AND REPLACE .................................................................................................................................... 115

PRINTING TESTBANKS.......................................................................................................................... 116 SETTING THE TESTBANK PRINT OPTIONS .................................................................................................... 116 TESTBANK HEADERS AND FOOTERS ........................................................................................................... 117 QUIZMASTER AND THE QUIZMASTER UTILITY........................................................................... 118 ABOUT QUIZMASTER................................................................................................................................. 118 HOW INSTRUCTORS USE QUIZMASTER....................................................................................................... 119 HOW STUDENTS USE QUIZMASTER ............................................................................................................ 120 INSTALLING QUIZMASTER ......................................................................................................................... 130 FILE MENU ................................................................................................................................................ 132 OPTIONS MENU.......................................................................................................................................... 136 REPORTS MENU ......................................................................................................................................... 139 TESTS MENU.............................................................................................................................................. 141 MAIL MENU............................................................................................................................................... 144 SECURITY ISSUES WITH QUIZMASTER ........................................................................................................ 145 APPENDIX A: ERROR MESSAGES DURING EXPORT AND PUBLISH....................................... 146 APPENDIX B: SHORTCUTS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE SYMBOLS.......................................... 148 LIMITED WARRANTY ............................................................................................................................ 151

Getting Started
About TestGen
TestGen is a test generator program that lets you view and edit testbank questions, transfer them to tests, print in a variety of formats, and publish/export tests for use with the TestGen plug-in as well as widely used course management systems such as CourseCompass, Blackboard, and WebCT. TestGen's built-in random number and text generator makes it ideal for creating multiple versions of tests that involve math calculations and provides more possible test items than testbank questions. Powerful search and sort functions let you easily locate and arrange questions in testbanks and on tests. QuizMaster, also included in this package, allows students to take tests created with TestGen on a local area network. The QuizMaster Utility built into TestGen lets instructors view student records and print a variety of reports. For more information, refer to the QuizMaster section of this guide. Features TestGen has many useful features that let you: View testbanks and tests in outline form or question view Select test questions either manually or randomly Create tests with drag-and-drop or easy point-and-click transfer Choose a variety of question types: multiple-choice, short-answer, true/false, matching, essay, and vocabulary Automatically sort test questions with a SmartSort or a customized order Print up to twenty-five forms of a single test Search for questions that meet a specified criteria Regenerate numbers or text in questions that allow variables Access an online manual for help or more details View or print descriptor information for each question Add or modify testbank questions using the built-in Question Editor Use symbol palettes and templates to insert math notation Insert graphics in questions and store them in a Graphics Library Create Cartesian, polar, and number line graphs for mathematics using a built-in graphing tool Use a built-in spell checker Export tests in text (TXT or RTF), HTML, Blackboard 5.x or 6.x, and Web CT 3.x or 4.x format Publish tests for use with the TestGen plug-in and QuizMaster Access the QuizMaster Utility program to manage local area network testing Link to online sites for product support and software downloads

Package Components
Each TestGen CD-ROM package contains: the TestGen program with a built-in Question Editor for adding or modifying questions, a computerized testbank of questions for a specific textbook, the QuizMaster computerized testing program, the QuizMaster Utility program for managing QuizMaster tests and scores, User's Guide for TestGen and QuizMaster, a copy of the TestGen plug-in and demo files.

System Requirements
TestGen for WindowsTM has the following minimum system requirements: a 486 or Pentium PC running at 150 megahertz or faster; Windows 98, Windows XPTM, Windows NTTM or Windows 2000 operating system; a minimum of 24 MB of available RAM for Windows 98/NT; 64 MB of available RAM for Windows XP and 2000 15-20 MB of hard disk space (varies with size of testbank); Power MacintoshTM with 9.x with CarbonLib 1.6 or higher, or OS X v.10.2 a minimum 24 MB of available RAM; 15-20 MB of hard disk space (varies with size of testbank); For Windows: Internet Explorer 5.0 and higher or Netscape Navigator 6.2 and higher For Macintosh: Internet Explorer 5.1 and higher or Netscape Navigator 6.2 and higher

TestGen for the MacintoshTM has the following minimum system requirements:

Supported browsers for TestGen Help and online use (TestGen plug-in):

Check the TestGen web site for the latest updates on hardware and software supported.

Installing and Starting TestGen

To install the TestGen program, testbank questions, and/or the TestGen plug-in, follow the instructions below for your computer type. Windows Users 1. Restart your computer and wait until the Windows desktop appears. Note to users of Windows XP, NT, and 2000: To install the TestGen program and plug-in, you must log on as a user who has administrative rights so that the TestGen fonts can be installed and registered properly. If you do not have administrative rights, the installation program will terminate. 2. Insert the TestGen/Quizmaster CD-ROM into your computers CD drive. 3. Double-click the TestGen installer [tgsetup.exe] on the CD-ROM to start the installation wizard. There is a short pause as the installer checks your hard disk for previous installations of TestGen. 4. Follow the on-screen instructions, clicking the Next button to continue from screen to screen. As needed, refer to the table below to help you decide which installation options to choose: Typical installation vs Custom installation If you are new to TestGen or if you are using TestGen with only one textbook, leave the Typical Install option selected (selected by default) to install the TestGen program, testbank and tests (if applicable), and the TestGen plug-in. If you want to install separately the TestGen program, testbank, or the TestGen plug-in, then click the option for Custom Install. Installing only a testbank or the TestGen plug-in does not perform the TestGen "clean-up" option described below. Folder (directory) location for installing TestGen and testbank Folder (directory) location for installing testbank only Folder (directory) location for installing the TestGen plug-in If you are doing a typical installation, the installer will automatically install TestGen and a testbank on your hard disk in the folder C:\Program Files\TestGen unless you specify another folder by browsing to identify your choice. If you are doing a custom installation of the textbook-specific testbank only, you should specify to install it in the same folder as the TestGen application or in a folder of your choice where you can locate it later. The installer will install the TestGen plug-in files in the Plugins folder of your selected web browser Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator.

Macintosh Users 1. Restart your computer and wait until the Macintosh desktop appears. 2. Insert the TestGen CD into your computers CD drive. 3. Double-click the CD icon to open the window if it does not open automatically. 4. Double-click the TestGen Installer on the CD.

5. Click Easy Install to install the TestGen program, testbanks and tests (if applicable) in a folder named TestGen on your hard disk. It will also install the TestGen plug-in in the appropriate location for your web browser. The default installation directories are as follows: Mac OSX: Mac OS9: <system drive>\Applications <system drive>\Applications (Mac OS9)

6. If you want to install the TestGen program, testbank and tests (if available), or the TestGen plug-in separately, click Custom Install, select what to install, and choose a folder for the installation. Then click Install. Clean-Up Options During Installation If you already have one or more older versions of TestGen on your computer, it is strongly recommended that you accept the option to "clean up" your old TestGen files when installing TestGen 5.5. Old testbanks and tests will work with the new TestGen program, so it is best to say yes to the clean-up option, which performs the following tasks: Removes all previous or outdated installations of the TestGen program Transfers program preferences, password, exam settings, and spell check user dictionary from your most recent application to the new installation of TestGen Removes old Start menu program groups and shortcuts (in Windows) Remembers the location of all your old testbank (.BOK) files in case you want to move them into the new installation of TestGen later The clean-up process does NOT delete the folders or directories that contained old versions of the programs. does NOT delete old testbank (.BOK) files, test (.TST) files, user preferences and settings files, or other user files that might have been created while using older versions of the program. When TestGen starts later, it asks if you want to automatically move your old testbank files into the TestGen folder, but other files remain "as is" for you to move or delete. TestGen Plug-in Installation for Instructors In a Typical Install or a Custom Install for the plug-in, the TestGen installer installs the TestGen plug-in in the Plugins folder for the web browser of your choice so that you can view web tests on your computer before you post them for student use. Follow the instructions on the screen during the plug-in installation.

Starting TestGen The TestGen application starts automatically at the end of a typical install or a custom install of the TestGen program. The TestGen 5.5 installer also creates shortcuts for the TestGen program, the Tests folder, and the TestGen plug-in on your desktop. To restart TestGen later, double-click the shortcut for the TestGen 5.5 program. If the shortcuts get deleted or if you cannot find them, follow the instructions below to start the program. Windows Users Click the Windows Start menu and select Programs. Select TestGen to start the program. After the title screen, the first time you run the program, you can create a password that you will use each time you run the program. Enter your password and click OK. Macintosh Users Open the TestGen folder and double-click the TestGen application icon to start the program. After the title screen, the first time you run the program, you can create a password that you will use each time you run the program. Enter your password and click OK.

If a testbank window does not open automatically when you start TestGen, select "Open book" from the File menu and locate a testbank file (*.BOK) to open. When you open each of your old testbanks and tests with TestGen 5.x, they will be converted to TestGen 5.x format. Moving Old Testbank Files into the TestGen Folder When the TestGen program starts, it notifies you if there are old testbank files (*.BOK) outside the current TestGen folder. You have the option to move the old testbank files into the current TestGen folder so that all your TestGen testbanks are in the same location. All testbanks that are moved are placed into the same folder that contains the TestGen program, without preserving any previous folder/directory structure.

Downloading from the TestGen Web Site

If you do not have the TestGen CD-ROM and you want to download the latest version of the TestGen program, use your web browser to go to the TestGen Instructor Website: http://www.pearsoned.com/testgen. Click on the link for the TestGen program and enter the login name and password below: Login Name: Password: tginstructor testgen

Note: If you use a Pearson Education online product, such as CourseCompass, MathPro5, Math XL, MyMathLab, or PHIM2, enter the same login name and password that you use to access that product. Follow the onscreen instructions to select and download either a compressed version (.zip for Windows or .sit for Macintosh) of the TestGen installer or an uncompressed installer for Windows (tgsetup.exe). Note the location of the destination folder that holds the downloaded file. After downloading, close your browser, locate the downloaded TestGen installer, and double-click it to run the installer. Read the previous section, "Installing and Starting TestGen" to become familiar with the installation options.

Password Options
The first time you use the TestGen program, you can choose a password to enter each time you start the program. This prevents unauthorized users from running the program, getting access to testbank questions and your test files, and accessing the QuizMaster Utility program. If you do not want to use a password, click the No Password button. Setting a Password To set a password, type up to eight characters in the space provided, re-enter your password to verify it, and click the OK button. If you enter a password, also type a hint that will help you remember your password if you forget it later.

Changing a Password To change an existing password, click the Change it button on the Password Verification dialog shown at program startup or select "Change Password" Setup menu. Then, enter your current password, enter your new password, and re-enter your new password along with a hint. The program will check to see if your current password is valid before accepting your new password. Your password is saved with the program and cannot be retrieved in any way once you have entered it. If you cannot remember your password, even with the hint you gave yourself, click the Forgot it button and write down the code number that the technical support staff will use to retrieve your password when you call them for help. Caution: Deleting the userpref.prf file from the TestGen folder will remove your password as well as all other program settings you may have chosen. When you restart the TestGen program, you will be able to enter a new password. Use caution when deleting the userpref.prf file -- do not double-click it or you will lose critical information on your computer!

Installing the TestGen Plug-in for Students

The TestGen installer installs the TestGen plug-in at the same time it installs the TestGen program so that instructors can preview web tests on their computers. The TestGen CD Web Utilities folder also contains a standalone installer for the TestGen plug-in that you can use to install the plug-in on student or lab computers. To install the plug-in on a Windows or Macintosh computer: 1. Open the Web Utilities folder on the TestGen CD and run the tgpluginsetup.exe program (Windows) or the TGPlugin Setup program (Mac). Note to users of Windows XP, NT, and 2000: To install the TestGen plug-in, you must log on as a user who has administrative rights so that the TestGen fonts can be installed and registered properly. If you do not have administrative rights, the installation program will terminate. 2. Follow the directions onscreen to install the plug-in in the Plugins folder of Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. The installer will launch your web browser and display a page to let you know if installation was successful. 3. To view the plug-in demo, open the Web Utilities folder on the CD, open the Plug-in Demo folder, and double-click the demopg1.htm file. This will let you try out two sample tests using the plug-in. In the demo folder, there is also an HTML document that provides technical information for those who want to set up their own web pages and use the plug-in to display TestGen tests. Newer versions of the plug-in may also be obtained from the Pearson TestGen web site. See the "Product Support" section. Installing the TestGen plug-in lets you and your students run TestGen tests using the Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer web browsers. Tests can have any combination of the following features: adjustable color, size, and placement of the test window a review mode that allows students to see their answers along with the highlighted correct answers a test timer and warning message when the test time is almost done random regeneration of numbers each time the test is run shuffling of multiple-choice answers each time the test is run evaluated short answer questions scrambling of question order each time the test is run test-taking help for the student a score window when the test is complete results sent to a file on the local computer or server

The plug-in is also available for download from a variety of publisher-supported sites, which also sometimes provide pre-made tests and course management systems to keep track of tests and scores.

Product Support
You can obtain product support for the TestGen and QuizMaster programs and the TestGen plug-in in the following ways: Built-in Help Use the Help system built into TestGen to find information on any TestGen topic. Use the Table of Contents, Index, or Search functions to quickly locate the help you need. All the information from the TestGen User's Guide is contained in the TestGen Help system. Online Product Support Choose this option on TestGen's Help menu to open your web browser and display a form where you can report problems or ask questions. Complete the form and click the Send mail button at the bottom of the form. You will receive a response from the Pearson Education Product Support team. Online Software Download Choose this option from TestGen's Help menu to connect your web browser to Pearson Education's TestGen Instructor Website (http://www.pearsoned.com/testgen) where you can download the latest documentation as well as TestGen, QuizMaster, and the TestGen plug-in. Click on the desired link and enter the login name and password below: Login Name: Password: tginstructor testgen

Follow the onscreen directions to select and download the installer or the program you need. Then close your browser and double-click on the downloaded file to start the installer or the program. Check for Updates You can find out if you have the most recent release of the TestGen program by selecting "Check for Updates" from the TestGen Help menu. When you check for updates, the TestGen program closes and you see the updater window. The updater lets you know if new files are available and you can download them immediately, if desired, after which the TestGen program restarts. If you already have the most recent version of the program or if you choose not to update immediately, the updater closes and the TestGen program restarts. Contact Pearson Education Media Support Phone: 1-800-677-6337 (1-800-6-PROFESSOR), Hours: 9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. E.S.T. Email: media.support@pearsoned.com

Creating Tests
TestGen lets you create many types of tests, which can be printed, displayed in a web browser for online testing, or displayed in QuizMaster for testing on a local area network. This section describes the differences between the three main test types and the special features of each type.

Choosing a Test Type

To create a new test, select New Test from the File menu and choose one of the three test types.

If you always want to create the same kind of test and do not want to see the test type dialog, select the type of test you want and check the Dont show this again. option. TestGen remembers the last type of test you selected and uses that as the default for all future new tests without displaying the test type dialog. When the new test window opens, an icon at the top of the window indicates the type of test you are authoring, and the background color of the test window matches the color of the icon.

Paper test = Green

Web test = Blue

QuizMaster test = Tan

Creating Tests for Paper

When you create a new test, choosing a paper test implies that the test will only be printed and distributed on paper. For paper tests, you can use the TestGen Wizard, which helps you choose questions and print a test quickly and easily. If you dont want to use the TestGen Wizard dialog each time you start a paper test, check the Dont show this again. option. See the section on "Choosing Test Items" for a detailed description of the TestGen Wizard.

Features of a Paper Test Can use TestGen Wizard All question types are allowed: multiple-choice, short answer, bimodal, true/false, matching, essay, and vocabulary Can customize the test header Can customize page headers and footers Can customize question type headers Can view pages on screen to see how they will print Can use pinned questions No option to assign point values for questions No option to publish the test

Paper tests can include all question types, and you can choose questions by any of the methods described later in this Guide. After selecting the questions you want, adjust the test layout, and save and print the test.

Creating Tests for the Web

Creating a new test for the web implies that the test will be taken on a computer using web browser. You need to choose the specific web platform(s) for the test as shown below:

If you always want to make the same kind of web test, you can hide this dialog by making a selection and then checking the Dont show this again. option. The program remembers the last option you selected and uses that as the default for all future new tests.

10

Icons at the top of the test window indicate the platform for the test:

TestGen plug-in

Blackboard

Web CT

HTML Practice Test

Depending on your choice of platform, TestGen customizes the menus and buttons to make it easy for you to choose questions that are compatible with the platform you choose. TestGen Plug-in Tests The TestGen plug-in, available for Windows and Macintosh, lets students take TestGen tests using a web browser, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. Plug-in tests are compatible with web-based course management systems supported by Pearson Education companies, such as Course Compass, Addison Wesley's MyMathLab, and Prentice Hall's Interactive Math 2 and MathPro 5. Students need to download and install the TestGen plug-in on their computers and have log-in privileges to use these systems. The instructions for using the plug-in are provided at each web site by the publisher. Blackboard Tests You can use TestGen to create tests and export files that can be used with the Blackboard 5.x or 6.x course management system. Blackboard.com is a course Web site creation service that enables instructors to add an online component to traditional classes or teach an entire course on the Web. WebCT Tests You can use TestGen to create tests and export files that can be used with the WebCT 3.x or 4.x. Visit www.WebCT.com to find out more about their web-based course management and assessment tools. HTML Practice Tests You can create tests with TestGen and export them to HTML files as practice tests or test simulations that students can view with a web browser. The web browser needs to support HTML 3.0 or higher (frames, tables, forms) and JavaScript. Both Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 and higher are compatible browsers. Here are some differences between the test types: Feature TestGen Blackboard Plug-in TestGen Wizard Test Header Page headers and footers Question type headers Continuous document, no page breaks Pinned questions allowed Points option No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Web CT No No No No Yes HTML Test No No No No Yes

Yes Yes

No No

No No

No No 11

Question types

MC, SA, BI, TF

MC, SA, BI, TF, MA, VO (SA), ES No OK in questions; no symbols, templates, graphics or function plots in answers; no answers > 2000 char No Yes

MC, SA, BI, TF MA, VO (SA), ES No OK in questions; no symbols, templates, graphics or function plots in answers; no answers > 2000 char No Yes

MC, TF, BI (no SA) No OK in questions and answers

Evaluated answers for SA Tables, graphics, and function plots

Yes OK in questions, not in answers

File / Publish File / Export

Yes No

No Yes

If you select more than one platform, TestGen will tailor the interface and options for the platform that has the most stringent requirements. For example, if you choose TestGen Plug-in and HTML Practice Test, the points option and short answer questions would not be allowed, even though the TestGen plug-in supports them, because the HTML test does not allow these options. When more than one web platform is selected, icons at the top of the page indicate the combined authoring modes:

Suitable for all web test platforms After you create a web test, choose questions following any of the methods described in the next section. Then save your test and give it a name. Completed plug-in tests can be published or exported. Publishing a test using the "Publish" option on the File menu puts it in a location where it can be used by one of Pearson's web-based course management systems. Other web tests can be exported using the "Export" option on the File menu. Exporting a test creates a set of files that can be used by a web browser or other course management systems. The publishing and exporting options are described later in this Guide.

Creating Tests for QuizMaster

When you create a new test for QuizMaster, it means the test is designed to have students take the test at a computer workstation on a local area network, using the QuizMaster program, which has been installed on a network server. Features of a QuizMaster Test Test distributed on a local area network from a server 12 Allows multiple-choice, bimodal (displayed as multiple-choice), true/false questions Allows tables, graphics, and function plots Allows number randomization

Options to scramble questions and shuffle answer choices Can assign availability dates and times Can assign test timer No test header, page headers and footers, or question type headers Continuous document, no page breaks Allows pinned questions No point value option Publish option available Scores recorded in QuizMaster record-keeping system

When you use TestGen to create tests for the QuizMaster program, you can pick questions by any of the methods described in the next section of this Guide. Then save and name the test. When you are ready to make the test available to students, open the test and select "Publish QuizMaster Test" from the File menu. The publishing process is described later in this Guide. Additional Notes Regarding QuizMaster Tests Keep this information in mind when making tests for QuizMaster: Question Limit A QuizMaster test can contain at most 100 questions. Descriptor Information QuizMaster reports can be sorted by one of the following categories: Objective, Skill, or Topic. Therefore, the reports are most useful if all of your test questions contain information in at least one of these categories. Multiple Versions of Tests QuizMaster cannot generate multiple forms of a test if you have added your own questions to the test because forms are created by pulling different, comparable questions from the testbank, based on each question's ID. The question ID for a user-added or modified question is User-n." To use multiple versions, add your own questions to the testbank first, and then choose the questions for a test. Questions from More Than One Testbank You cannot create or save a test for QuizMaster if the test includes questions from more than one testbank file, even if you are picking questions from different testbanks provided for the same book.

Saving and Opening Tests

Each time you start a new TestGen test, the document is named Untitled. When you close an Untitled test, select "Save" or "Save As" from the File menu, or exit the TestGen program, TestGen asks if you want to save the test and give it a name. TestGen tests are saved with a filename extension of .TST. To open a previously saved TestGen test, select Open Test from the File menu. In the file dialog, locate the name of the test you want to open and click Open. Tests created with versions of TestGen 4.x and earlier are converted to TestGen 5.x format when you open them, and they default to the authoring mode for paper tests. Note: TestGen automatically uses the Tests folder (inside the TestGen program folder) to save and look for tests. You can change the location where tests are stored by selecting Preferences from the Setup menu and clicking the File Locations tab. 13

Switching Test Modes

To change one type of exam to another, choose Save As from the File menu and choose the type of test you wantpaper, web, or QuizMaster. (If you choose a web test, you also need to choose the specific platform, just as if you were starting a new test.) When you change the test type, you see a change in the authoring mode icon at the top of the test and the background color of the test page. Before converting the test, TestGen confirms that the questions are suitable for the new test type. If any of the questions could cause problems in the new target delivery mode, you see a list of the offending questions and a description of the error or problem. Errors that might occur when switching test types: Question type is not supported in target delivery mode. Answer contains information that cannot be entered or evaluated in target delivery mode Question cannot be evaluated online unless a correct answer is provided. Answer length exceeds limit of target delivery mode.

Alert messages and notes: Locked answer positions will not be retained in target delivery mode. Question contains characters that might not display properly online. Question contains a graphic that will not display properly in target delivery mode. Answer might need more information to be evaluated properly by software. Check the question to make sure that the answer can be entered and evaluated online.

Return to the test and make the necessary changes to correct any problems before you save, export, or publish the test again.

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Create a Test Step-by-Step

This section guides you through the basic steps for making a paper test without using the TestGen Wizard. Start the TestGen program and follow these steps to create and print a test. 1. Start the TestGen program If you followed the typical installation, you can start the TestGen application from the shortcut on your desktop or from the Windows Start menu or from the TestGen folder on your Macintosh hard disk. If you used a Custom install, find the TestGen folder and the TestGen application file to start the program. When the program starts, enter your password. 2. Open a Testbank If you followed the typical installation, a testbank file will open automatically on the left side of the screen. If no testbank file opens, then select "Open book" from the File menu and manually locate and open a TestGen testbank file, which usually is named with the abbreviation for a book and has a .BOK extension (psych.BOK). 3. Choose a Test Type As soon as you open a testbank, you will see the "Start a New Test" dialog box as shown at the right. For this demo, click the button next to "A paper test" and click No when given the option to use the TestGen Wizard. A test window will open on the right side of the screen.

4. View Testbank Questions Click the arrow next to one of the chapter titles to expose the question type headings or question IDs below. If there are question type headings, such as" Multiple-Choice Questions" or "Short Answer Questions," click the arrow next to one of those headings to expose question IDs. Click the same arrows again to close up the outline. To view questions, select one of the chapter titles (so that its background turns black) in the Testbank window and select Question View from the View menu. Use the scroll bar to view more questions in the same chapter or section, or click the down arrow at the top of the TestGen program window to move to the next chapter or question type.

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5. Transfer Questions to the Test Window There are many ways to transfer questions from the Testbank window to the Test window. You can use a simple drag-and-drop to move a question from the testbank to a test, but this section demonstrates some of the other methods for choosing questions. "Add to Test" Button With the testbank in Question view, click on a question that you want to put on your test. (Its background will turn black.) Now click the Add to test button at the top of the Testbank window. A copy of the question appears as the first question on your test. You can also select more than one question and then transfer all the selected questions at once. To make multiple selections, hold down the [Ctrl] key when you click the mouse to select a question. To make continuous selections, hold down the [Shift] key as you click the first and last question in a series. With multiple questions selected, click the Add to test button to transfer the questions to the Test window. Transfer Multiple Copies of a Question If a testbank has questions with variable text or numbers, you can transfer multiple copies of a single question. First select a variable question. Then type a number, such as 2, in the box next to the Add to test button. When you click the Add to test button, multiple copies (in this case, two) of the question you selected will be transferred to the test, each with different numbers or text, depending on the assigned variables. If you select more than one question containing variables and enter a number in the transfer quantity box, you will get multiple copies of all the selected questions when you click the Add to test button. Transfer Questions Randomly To have the computer choose questions randomly, first select "Outline View" from the View menu to show the testbank chapter titles and select one of the chapters so that the title turns black. In the box next to the Add to test button, enter the number of questions you want to transfer. Then click the Add to test button. You can also select more than one title or heading. The number you type in the transfer quantity box will determine the number of questions that will be randomly chosen from each title or heading you have selected. 6. Add Your Own Questions To add your own questions to a test, click the Test window to make it the active window. Scroll down to the bottom of the test page and click the last item on your test. Then click the Add button or select Add after from the Edit menu to open the Question Editor window. Click in the Question field and type your question. Click in the answer choice fields and type your multiple-choice answers. Click one of the boxes to the left of the answer choices to place an X next to the correct answer choice. When you are done typing, select Close - Save Changes from the File menu. Your new question will appear on the test page. 7. Modify Test Headers and Format Double-click the test heading at the top of the Test window to open an edit window where you can modify or add text. When you are done, select Close - Save Changes from the File menu. Your new header will appear at the top of the test. 8. Print the Test Select Print from the File menu and enter 1 for the Number of Forms. Be sure to check Print Answer Key before you click OK. When the print dialog appears, set the print range to All and click OK. 16

Main Program Window

The main program window for TestGen contains all the menus for the program along with editing and navigation buttons. The Testbank and Test windows also display side-by-side in the main program window as shown below.

When you move the mouse pointer across any of the active buttons in the main program window, the Testbank window, or the Test window, you will see the button's name or function.

The first seven buttons in the main program window are commonly used for editing text. You can also use the Edit menu to perform these functions. Add Delete Modify Add a new question or header of the same type as the one selected. Delete one or more selected questions. When a header is deleted, all the questions under the header are deleted. Edit a selected question or heading using an editor window.

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Cut Copy Insert Replace

Delete the selected questions or headers. When a header is cut, all the questions under the header are cut. Cut questions remain in memory. Copy the selected questions or headers. When headers are copied, all the questions under the header are copied into memory. Insert a previously copied or cut item before or after the selected item of the same type. Headers cannot be inserted while in Question view. Replace the selected item with a previously cut or copied item of the same type.

You can use the five navigation buttons to the right of the editing buttons to quickly move to a portion of a testbank or test. Previous Next Jump First Last In Question view, display previous group of questions in a testbank or previous page of a test. Not available in Outline view. In Question view, display next question group in a testbank or next page of a test. Not available in Outline view. In a testbank, go to the beginning of a specific chapter. On a test, go to a specific page (Question view) or a specific question number (Outline view). In Question view, display first question group in a testbank or first page of a test. Not available in Outline view. In Question view, display last question group in a testbank or last page of a test. Not available in Outline view.

Outline and Question Views

You can display a testbank in two different viewing modes: Outline view and Question view. Outline view shows chapter and section titles and lets you get an overall picture of how the testbank is organized. In Outline view, you can see question IDs, but not the actual questions. Question view, as the name implies, lets you view the questions at the lowest level of the outline; it lets you see what the question IDs actually represent. To switch between the two modes, click the Mode button or select one of the two viewing modes from the View menu. Outline View A testbank initially opens in Outline view so that you can see the list of chapter titles. Click the arrow to the left of a title or double-click on a chapter title to display the contents of the chapter. If there are sections within a chapter, click on an arrow or double-click on a section title to display the contents of the section. At the lowest level of the outline hierarchy are the question IDs. The question ID includes a multi-part number that give the question's relative position in the testbank, or book, and its question number. For example, the question ID bio 1.2-5 indicates question 5 from chapter 1, section 2 of the book abbreviated as bio. Section 2 could be a physical section of the textbook or it could refer to section 2 of the questions in the testbankfor example, all the true/false questions. Occasionally, you could see a plus (+) sign at the end of a question ID. This indicates that the question has been added or modified from the original release of the testbank by the publisher. A quick way to view all the questions in a specific chapter, section, or question type, is to click on a title to select it. Then select Expand Level from the View menu of the main program window. All subheadings expand to reveal the question IDs. Click the arrows on the scroll bar or drag the slider to move around within 18

the outline. To close the subheadings in a testbank and display only the chapter titles, select Collapse All from the View menu. Question View Select Question view to see the questions and answers for any section of a chapter. The questions are displayed in a scrolling window and identified by a number. There may or may not be descriptive information for each question, depending on your choice of display format and the testbank contents. In Question view, you see only one group of questions at a time, and you can use the scroll bar to move within the questions of that group. To see other groups of questions while in Question view, click the Previous, Next, Jump, First, and Last navigation buttons at the top of the main program window or use the commands on the Navigate menu.

Arranging Windows
You can resize a Testbank or Test window by grabbing the corner of the window with the mouse pointer and dragging it to a new position. You can use the controls in the title bar to maximize or minimize any window. To reposition a window, hold down the mouse button while the pointer is in the title bar, and then move the mouse until the window is where you want it to be. To quickly align a Testbank or Test window, select the Arrange command from the Window menu. This automatically moves a single window to the top-left corner of the main program window. If two windows are open, they are placed side-by-side across the screen, with the active window on the left side of the screen. Other windows, such as the Question Editor and Graphing Tool windows, can also be resized and repositioned to any screen location that makes them easy for you to view.

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The Testbank Window

Opening a Testbank
When you start TestGen and have only one testbank file in the TestGen folder, your testbank will open automatically in a Testbank window. If you installed more than one testbank, or if your testbank was not installed into the same folder as the TestGen program, you can open a testbank by selecting Open Book from the File menu. When the file dialog appears, locate a testbank file, which is also called a book file because it has a .BOK extension at the end of the testbank filename.

If the testbank file was not installed in the same directory or folder as the TestGen program, change to a different directory or folder to locate the book file. Select the .BOK file you want and click Open. Note: If you open a testbank that was created for an earlier version of TestGen, the file will automatically be converted for use with the new version of TestGen, and the newly converted file will no longer be compatible with earlier versions of the program. Make a copy of your testbank (.BOK) file before opening it with a new version of TestGen, as a precautionary measure.

Testbank Window
When you open a Testbank window, testbank questions are displayed in Outline view, which lets you see how questions are organized for each chapter. You can click the small arrow at the left of each title in the outline, or double-click on a chapter or section title to reveal subheadings and question IDs. 20

In Outline view, each question ID is a unique, multi-part number that indicates the question's relative position in the book, and the question number. In Question view, you can view the questions rather than the question IDs. To switch between Outline view and Question view, click the Mode button in the upper-left corner of the Testbank window. Testbank Window Buttons You use the buttons in the Testbank, or Book, window to change the display of testbank questions, search a testbank, and transfer questions to a test.

Mode Regenerate Search Display Info

Change the display mode for the Testbank (Book) window, toggling between Outline view and Question view. Generate a new set of values for all the variables included in the selected questions. Display a subset of the questions in the testbank that match a user-defined search criteria. Select which descriptors should be displayed with each question in the testbank. Displays summary information about the current testbank by chapter, question type, topic, or objective.

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Add to test

Copy single or multiple copies of manually or randomly selected questions to the Test window. To the left of the Add to test button is the transfer quantity box, where you can enter the number of copies of manually selected or randomly selected questions you would like to transfer to a test.

The Search, Display, and Info button dialogs are described in more detail below.

Searching a Testbank
You can search a testbank for questions that meet certain criteria. For example, you might want to view only those questions that have a difficulty level of 2 or only multiple-choice questions. Click the Search button or select Search from the Tools menu to display the Testbank Search Criteria dialog.

Change the settings for any category by choosing from the drop-down menus in columns 2 and 3. The combination of all the settings defines the set of questions you will see when you click the radio button for Show Only Questions That Meet Criteria Above. After you click OK, the program searches the testbank for questions that meet the specified criteria and display an information box to let you know how many questions were found. Click OK to return to the Testbank window. When you return to the Testbank window, only those chapters and sections that contain questions that meet your criteria are displayed in the normal outline color; all others are a dim gray. In Outline view, expand the outline for any chapter or section that is a normal color until you see the selected question references. At the lowest level in the outline, only those questions that meet the search criteria will be the normal color. To display all the testbank questions again after a search, click the Search button or select Search from the Tools menu. In the Testbank Search Criteria dialog, click the radio button to the left of Show All Questions and then click OK. 22

Testbank Display Options

You can display descriptive information, such as topic, difficulty level, or page reference, when available, for each question in a testbank. Most display options are available in both Question and Outline view. To make display choices, click the Display button at the top of the Testbank window or select Display from the Setup menu while the Testbank window is active. You will see the Testbank Display Options dialog.

Click the check box next to any option you want to display. Checked items are shown below each question ID (in Outline view) or question (in Question view) after you click OK. To change the Answer display option, you must be in Question view; answers are not displayed in Outline view.

Note: Not all descriptor categories are used in every testbank, so the test page display may show only a descriptor label if you choose a descriptor that has no content. You will find most of the display option categories in TestGens Question Editor, where information can be entered or changed. However, some display items cannot be entered manually, but are stored by TestGen to provide additional information to help you select questions. These items are described below. Question Dates TestGen stores the dates a question was created, modified, and last used on a test. To display this information below each question, check the Question Dates box.

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Variant Status When you check the Variant Status box, a downward-pointing arrowhead ( ) appears next to questions that contain variables, indicating that they have more than one variation.

Testbank Info
When you want to see a quick summary of the contents in the current testbank, click the Info (i) button in the Testbank window. A window opens to display the total number of questions in the testbank along with a breakdown of question types in each chapter. The drop-down menu provides other ways to show the details for the testbank. You can display by question type, descriptor (such as topic, skill, objective, when available), and by static vs. algorithmic.

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The Test Window

When you start a new test, the Test window is blank except for a default test header, which you can change. As you add questions to the test, the Test window displays these questions in Question view so that you can see the pages of the test exactly as they will be printed.

Test Window Buttons

The buttons in the Test window help you organize test questions and change what is displayed on test pages.

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Mode Regenerate Sort Scramble Display Info Save Points Pin/Unpin Lock Bimodal Form Test mode Target

Change the display mode for the test, toggling between Outline view and Question view. Generate a new set of values for all the variables included in the selected questions. Put the test question in order according to a preprogrammed or custom SmartSort or a user-defined order. Change the order of the questions on a test while maintaining the rules of the current sort criteria. Show or hide descriptors for questions on the test. Displays summary information about the current test by chapter, question type, variant status, or other descriptors. Saves the current test using the assigned name or allows you to name an Untitled test. Assign a point value to selected questions on a plug-in test Freeze the position of a test question so that it is not affected by scrambling of other test items. Lock the displayed values for selected questions that contain variables. An upward pointing arrowhead ( ) prints next to questions with locked values. Switch the form of a bimodal question (between multiple-choice and short answer) or a vocabulary question (between term and definition). Indicates the form of a test paper, web test, or plug-in test. Indicates the target window to receive items transferred from a testbank.

Target Window
If only one Test window is open, it is the target window and displays a target icon in the top right corner.

This means that it will be the target for any questions you transfer from a testbank to a test by using the Add to test button. If you have more than one Test window open, only one of them can be the target window. You can set a Test window as the target window by selecting it and selecting Set As Target from the Setup menu. A Testbank, or Book, window cannot be a target window. 26

Choosing Test Questions

This section describes how to choose questions for tests by using the TestGen Wizard, by choosing questions randomly, or by choosing while viewing questions on screen. A step-by-step walkthrough at the end of the section gives simple directions for making your first test.

Using the TestGen Wizard

TestGen Wizard is a tool built into TestGen to help you quickly choose questions for a test. When you start a new test that is a paper test, you can choose whether to use TestGen Wizard. (You can stop this dialog from appearing if you click the box next to Don't show his again.")

You can also select TestGen Wizard from the File menu. TestGen Wizard walks you through the process of making a test, starting with giving the test a name. Picking Chapters After you name the test, you select which chapters you want to use for the test.

After you choose the chapters for your test, you choose whether to pick questions randomly or from a list. 27

Choosing Randomly To select questions randomly, you can choose by question type, chapter, topic, objective, or other category on the drop-down list. The items available on the list vary by testbank, because not all categories are used in all testbanks.

Type numbers in the right-hand column to indicate how many of each type you want from the number of questions available. The test total shows at the bottom of the column. Click OK to continue to the test summary. Choosing from a List To select questions from a list, you work from a scrolling list of question IDs from the selected chapters, along with the question type and the first portion of the question.

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Select questions by holding down the [Shift] key (to make consecutive selections) or the [Ctrl] key (to make scattered selections) and clicking each item you want to put on the test. The test total shows at the bottom. Click OK to continue to the test summary. Test Summary The test summary window shows the test name, chapters selected, selection method, and total number of questions selected.

Click Finish to build the test. The TestGen Wizard window closes and the Test window opens with your selected questions. You may then edit the test header, as well as modify, save, or print the test.

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Choosing Test Items Randomly or Manually

This section gives more details about how to choose questions randomly or manually. The Add to Test Button You can use the Add to test button at the top of the Testbank window to transfer copies of selected questions to the Test window. The transfer quantity boc, just to the left of the Add to test button, contains the number of questions to transfer from each selected section when choosing randomly, or the number of copies to transfer for each selected question when choosing manually. Selecting Questions Randomly To select questions randomly, click the Mode button, if necessary, to put the testbank in Outline view. Selecting from One Chapter or Section In the Testbank window, click on the title of the chapter, section, or problem type from which you want to select questions. (Do not select an individual question ID.) Then, in the transfer quantity box at the top of the Testbank window, enter the number of questions you want and click the Add to test button. The program randomly selects that number of questions from those available under the heading you selected. Selecting from Multiple Chapters or Sections To randomly choose questions from more than one chapter or section, hold down the [Ctrl] or [Shift] key and click on more than one chapter title or section. You can only select titles that are at the same level in the Testbank outlinefor example, two chapter titles or two section titles. Then, in the transfer quantity box at the top of the Testbank window, enter the number of questions you want from each selected chapter or section. When you click the Add to test button, the questions will be transferred to the test. Setting the Transfer State (Before or After) When you add a question to a test, the default sorting method is user-defined order, and the question will be placed after the question that is currently selected on the test. The default transfer state is after. To place a question at the beginning of a test, you need to change the transfer state to before. To do this, select Change 'After' to 'Before' from the Edit menu. To place a question at the end of the test, you need to change the transfer state back to After by following the same procedure. Selecting Questions Manually Single Question To select a single question in a testbank and transfer it to a test, click on the question in either Outline view or Question view and then click the Add to test button. A copy of the question appears in the Test window. You can also drag the question from the testbank to the test by selecting the question, moving it to the Test window while holding down the mouse button, and then dropping it in place by releasing the mouse button. If a SmartSort is turned on, the question moves to the correct location on the test according to the rules of the SmartSort. If you are creating a test in user-defined sort order, the question is inserted at the location of the insertion line. Multiple Questions To select more than one question in the testbank, click on a question to select it, hold down the [Ctrl] key, and click on one or more additional questions. Click the Add to test button to copy the selected questions to the Test window. Be sure the number in the transfer quantity box is 1 so that you only transfer a single copy of each question. You can select a block of questions for example, questions 1-10 in a particular section by selecting the first question in the series, holding down the [Shift] key, and then selecting the last question. This highlights the entire block of questions. 30

Another option for transferring multiple questions to a test is to select a title in the testbank outline and drag the title over to the Test window. This process copies one of each question under that heading onto the test. Multiple Copies of a Single Question If a testbank contains questions that include variable numbers or text, such as in a testbank for mathematics, you can copy different randomly generated variations of a single question to a test. Select a question in the testbank and enter the number of variations you want in the transfer quantity box. Then click the Add to test button. Each question variation copied to the test will include different randomly generated numbers or text strings. Note: Select Variant status on the Testbank Display Options dialog to display a symbol next to all questions that have more than one variation. You can also display #Var to show how many variations are possible for each question. If a test question has no variables, #Var has a value of 1, and if you try to transfer multiple copies of the question, you will see a warning message asking whether you want to allow duplicate questions on the test. Multiple Copies of Multiple Questions If a testbank contains questions that have variables, you can make multiple selections and then request multiple copies of each question selected. First select the questions you want while holding down the [Ctrl] or [Shift] key; then enter a number in the transfer quantity box before you click the Add to test button. You will get multiple copies of the selected questions. Note: Select Variant status on the Testbank Display Options dialog to display a symbol next to all questions that have more than one variation. You can also display #Var to show how many variations are possible for each question. If a test question has no variables, #Var has a value of 1, and if you try to transfer multiple copies of the question, you will see a warning message asking whether you want to allow duplicate questions on the test.

Test Info
To see a quick summary of a tests contents, click the Info (i) button in the Test window. A dialog opens, showing the total number of questions on the test and the number of questions per question type, topic, or static/algorithmic.

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Formatting Tests
This section describes different methods for customizing the layout of printed tests.

Test Display Options

When you view a test in Question view, you see the pages of the test as they will be printed. Click the Display button or select Display from the Setup menu to view the Test Page Display Options dialog and choose which items you want to display on the test page.

You can save the settings you select as a default so they remain checked for any new test you create. Descriptors Tab Check the box for each type of descriptor you want to appear with each question on the test page. In most cases, for a test, none of the options on the Descriptor tab should be checked. But, to display information for your own use before you print the final version of the test, or to create an annotated answer key, you may want to display various categories for each question. Many of the categories also appear when you display the test in Outline view. Many of the descriptors are assigned to a testbank or test question in the Question Editor. Question Dates, Answer Blanks, and Variant Status provide additional information to help you select questions. Question Dates TestGen stores the dates a question was created, modified, and last used on a test. To display this information below each question, check the Question Dates box. 32

Answer Blanks By default, TestGen tests do not include answer blanks for each question. Click the Answer Blanks box to display answer blanks for multiple-choice, true/false, short answer, and matching questions along the right edge of the test page. Essay questions do not have answer blanks, but you can show workspace with or without lines using the Workspace tab. Variant Status When you check the Variant Status box, a downward pointing arrowhead ( )appears next to questions that contain variables and have more than one variation. A bimodal question with variations appears as follows:

Note: Not all descriptor categories are used in every testbank, so only the descriptor label will show on the test page if you choose a descriptor category that has no assigned values. Questions Tab

Two-Column Format Select this option to change your test from one-column to two-column format. This format works best when both questions and answer choices are short. The answer key will also be printed in multiple-columns. Note: This option is not suitable for tests that contain wide tables or graphics, since they will be clipped at the edges if they do not fit in the column. Depending on the size of the left and right margins, each column will be 3 to 3.5 wide.

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Question Type Headers Select this option if you want question type headers to be printed on your test. To edit question type headers, select Question Type Headers from the Setup menu for a test. Display T or F Instead of Answer Blank Select this option if you have selected Answer blanks on the Descriptors tab and would prefer to have the phrase T or F printed instead of an answer blank for true/false questions. Form of Bimodal Questions Select this option if you want all bimodal questions to be printed in short-answer format rather than multiplechoice format on tests. You can override this global setting for individual questions by clicking the Form button after selecting bimodal questions on tests. Form of Vocabulary Questions Click Display 'Term' as Question to print vocabulary questions with the term as the question. Click Display 'Definition' as Question to print the definition as the question. You can override this global setting for individual questions by clicking the Form button after selecting vocabulary questions on tests. Numbering Tab The numbering tab controls question numbers and page numbers. First Question Number Enter a number for the first question on your test. Normally, this is 1, but you may want to start with a different number. First Page Number Enter a number for the first page of your test if you are using headers or footers. Normally, this is 1, but you may want to start with a different number. Workspace Tab Questions in some testbanks are assigned a number of lines of workspace, from 0 to 15, to allow students to do calculations or write answers to questions on the test page.

Click one of the radio buttons to select a global setting of none, single, double, or triple for the amount of workspace for each question on your test. Double or triple allows two or three times the 34

number of lines of workspace assigned to each question. If the workspace assigned to a specific question is 0, the doubling or tripling has no effect.. If essay questions are included on your test, you can check the box for Lined workspace for essay questions so that horizontal lines will be printed in the answer area of each essay question on the test.

Sorting Test Questions

The default order for questions on a test is called user-defined order, which means that you choose where to place questions on a test. TestGen also provides a set of predefined sorting methods, called SmartSorts, which automatically group and arrange questions in a specified. To use a SmartSort, be sure the Test window is active, and then click on the Sort button or select Sort from the Tools menu.

Sort by Testbank Order When you choose to sort by Testbank Order, the questions on your test are put in order according to the levels of organization used in the testbank. For example, the questions are ordered by chapter, question type, and question number, or by chapter, section, problem type, and question number. Sort by Question Type When you choose to sort by Question Type, the questions on your test are put in order according to the types of questions used in the testbank. You can specify the order of the question types by assigning each a number. 35

Custom SmartSort When you choose a Custom SmartSort, you can specify up to three levels of sorting for a test. Use the pulldown menus on the Testbank Sorting Preferences dialog to set up the sort criteria. For example, you can arrange to sort questions first by question type, then by chapter, and then by difficulty level. You do not need to specify all three levels. User-Defined Order When you start a new test, no SmartSort is turned on. This means that test questions will remain in the order that you create when you transfer items from the testbank. You can leave questions in User-defined Order or choose a SmartSort. When you choose to use a User-Defined order for a test, you can choose the exact order for the test questions. The program will not perform any SmartSort. In either Outline view or Question view on a test, you can rearrange the questions by dragging them from one location to another. Select a question on the test and hold down the mouse button; then drag until the horizontal marker is below the question where you want to insert and release the mouse button to drop the question. You can also use cut-and-paste to move questions. Switching Sort Methods You can switch between SmartSorts at any time, or switch to a User-Defined order after using a SmartSort. SmartSort to SmartSort When you switch from one SmartSort to another after you have selected questions for a test, the questions are reorganized according to the rules of the new SmartSort. SmartSort to User-Defined Order When you switch from a SmartSort to User-Defined order after choosing questions for a test, all the SmartSort rules for grouping questions are abandoned and the test becomes a list of questions that you can rearrange in any order. Initially, the order of the questions on a User-Defined test converted from a SmartSort is exactly the same as on the SmartSort test. If you add new questions after converting to a User-Defined order, they are inserted where you want them and not placed in any predetermined order by the program. User-Defined Order to SmartSort When you switch from a User-Defined order to a SmartSort after choosing questions for a test, the questions will be regrouped according to the SmartSort. Caution: If you switch from User-Defined order to a SmartSort, the program does not remember your UserDefined order, and you cannot automatically return to it after a SmartSort has been applied. Caution: If a test contains "pinned" questions, their positions become unpinned and are likely to change when you apply a new sort order.

Scrambling Test Question Order

TestGen can scramble the order of the questions on your test after you have chosen all the questions. If you click the Scramble button while a SmartSort is turned on, the questions on the test are randomly mixed at the lowest level of sorting so that the SmartSort rules are still enforced. For example, if the SmartSort is by Question Type, then questions of the same type remain together on the test, but the order of questions within each question type is scrambled. Note: If the test questions are sorted by Testbank Order, the Scramble option is unavailable. Scrambling Questions in User-Defined Order If you have test questions in a User-Defined order and click the Scramble button, the questions on the test are scrambled at random to produce the new order. No grouping occurs except by Instruction. This may or may 36

not produce desirable results, depending on the types of questions on the test. For example, if you scramble a test with different question types, you lose any grouping by question type. Using Pinned Questions to Prevent Scrambling To prevent one or more questions from shifting positions during a scramble, select one or more questions on the test and click the Pin/Unpin button. (You can also select Pin/Unpin from the Tools menu.)

A small push pin marks the pinned questions on the test as shown below.

To unpin a pinned question, select the question and click the Pin/Unpin button to remove the pin marker. Pinned questions will not move from their locations during a scramble and will retain their position if you print multiple versions of a test and choose to scramble the question order. When a test contains adjacent pinned questions, and you export the test as a question pool for Blackboard, the adjacent pinned questions are treated as a question group. If any one of the question group is selected, then all will be selected and transferred to the test in their original, relative order. Caution: Adding or deleting questions ahead of pinned questions will cause test questions to renumber, affecting the relative position of the pinned question. Similarly, applying a new sort order on a test that has pinned questions is likely to cause the pinned questions to move to a new location on the test.

Test Headers and Footers

You can customize test headers and footers for printed tests. Select Modify Header and Footer from the Setup menu to open the Header and Footer Editor window. You can also open the Header and Footer Editor by double-clicking the header or footer in the Test window if the test is in Question View.

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Use the Page 1 Header and Page 1 Footer fields to create a title or header section for the top of the first page of your test and a page footer that gets printed at the bottom of the first page. Use the Page 2 Header field to create a header for the top of every test page after the first. Use the Page 2 Footer field to create text for the bottom of page 2 and all the pages that follow on your test. Headers and footers may include text as well as graphics and symbols. To align text or set tabs in a header or footer, select Show Ruler from the Tools menu. To automatically insert the current date or consecutive page numbers, select Show Symbols from the Tools menu to display the Page and Date buttons. Then place the cursor at the location where you want the date or page number to appear and click the Page or Date button. The automatic page numbers display as 999 and are replaced by consecutive page numbers when the test is viewed or printed. If you choose to print different forms of a test, you can distinguish each form by inserting the page number in either a header or footer. A different letter of the alphabet will print as part of the page number for each form of the test. For example, if you insert the page number in the Page 1 Footer area, the first form of the test will show Page A-1. The second form of the test will show Page B-1, and so on. To close the editing window and save your changes for the current session, click the Save button or select "Close save changes" from the File menu. To save the headers and footers as the program default, click Save As Default. Click Cancel to close the window without making any changes.

Question Type Headers

For each type of question available in TestGen, the program supplies a default instruction that you can turn on or off using the Test Page Display options or the Sort dialog. To modify any of the question type headers, select Question Type Headers from TestGens Setup menu and make changes as needed. If a question type header includes a symbol, click one of the symbol buttons at the top of the window to display a palette and select a symbol to insert at the cursor location. (The symbol palettes are the same as those found in the Question Editor.) If you need to insert characters for foreign languages, refer to page 83 for instructions. 38

Click the Save as default button to save your headers for future use. Click OK to close the window and save only for the current session.

Page Breaks
After you have selected all the questions for your test, you may want to insert one or more page breaks to force specific questions or sections to start at the top of a page. To insert a page break, be sure the test is in Question view. Then select a question on your test that you want to be at the top of a new page and selecting Insert Page Break from the Edit menu. A horizontal line appears where the page break is inserted, but does not appear on the printed test page. Note: Some features, such as scrambling, are disabled after you insert a page break on a test. To remove a page break from a test, use the mouse pointer to select the horizontal line that denotes the page break. Then press the Delete key. The questions reflow on the pages to fill in any blank spaces caused by the page break.

Adding Notes to a Test

You can insert additional headings, graphics, or instructions that are not automatically inserted by TestGen. After you have selected all the questions for your test and they are in the order you want, select a question you want to have preceded by a Note and select Note List from the Edit menu. This opens the Note List window, where you can choose a note, edit a note, or add new notes to the list.

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Clicking View/Edit or Add opens the Note Editor as shown below.

The notes you create become part of the questions to which they are linked and can be shared by several questions, just like an Instruction. Notes remain linked to questions if you change from User-Defined order to one of the SmartSorts for a test. Note: Notes are specific to one test only and do not carry over to new tests you create.

Point Values for Plug-in Tests

When you create a test to be used with the TestGen plug-in, you can assign point values to each test question using the Points button at the top of the Test window. Be sure to confirm that your Pearson online product has implemented point scoring before assigning points to each question. You can determine this by referring to the online help system of the product you are using.

New questions that you add to the test have a point value of "1" unless you assign another value. To assign point values, select one or more test questions and click the Points button. Enter the number of points for the 40

question(s) and click OK. You can see the total number of points assigned for the test at the bottom of the Test window.

When the test runs in the TestGen plug-in in a Pearson online product that supports points, the point values for each question will be displayed at the top of the question window. Point values can also appear in the goto-question window and in the test summary window. At the end of the test, the points scored by the student and the total number of points show in the test results window along with the raw and percent scores. (If the point values for all the questions on the test are "1", then point values are not displayed.)

Test Format
Select Format from the Setup menu to display the Test Format dialog. Here you can customize the style for some of the test components.

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Styles for Question Numbers and Multiple-Choice Answer Choices Click a radio button to indicate which style of question numbering you prefer for the test. Also select how you want to label the choices for multiple-choice questions. Font, Size, Color, and Style Choices You can define styles for question type headers, question numbers, descriptors, explanations and Outline view on a test. First click the radio button next to the item you want to change. Then use the pull-down menus to choose a font, size, and color. Use the style buttons to change the style. You will see a sample in the Style Sample window. Note: Questions and answers on a test retain the style of the book from which the questions were transferred. If you want to change, for example, the font or size of all the questions on a test, select Global Style Replacement from the Setup menu to choose a new style for the Instructions, Questions, Answers, Question Type Headings, and so on, and apply the new style to all the questions on the test at once.

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Printing, Publishing, and Exporting Tests

This chapter discusses how to print, save, and export tests from TestGen.

Printing Tests
TestGen prints the test pages you see in the Test window. If the test is in Outline view, the printed pages will consist of a list of question IDs. If the test is in Question view, the printed pages include the questions themselves. When you are ready to print a test in Question view, make sure the Test window is active, then select Print from the File menu to display the Test Print Settings dialog. Setting the Test Print Options

Number of versions You can print up to 25 different forms, or versions, of a test. Each printed version of a test is distinguished by a unique letter that is printed as part of the page number. The question types you selected, the variability of each question, and the settings for the following three options determine how each version of a test will differ from the other: Preserve question order If you select this option, the questions on each version of the test will be in the same order as on the first version of the test. If you do not select this option, questions on each version will be randomly scrambled at the lowest level of organizational sorting. Preserve number values If you select this option, the questions that contain randomized number or text will not be regenerated from version to version. All versions of the test will use the same values as the first version of the test. If you do 43

not select this option, algorithmic questions will be regenerated so that each version of the test contains different number or text values. Preserve MC answer order If your test contains multiple-choice questions or bimodal questions in multiple-choice format, and you select this option, the order of the answer choices on all the versions will be the same as on the first version of the test. If the option is not selected, multiple-choice answers will be randomly reordered on each version of the test. Print correlation of questions If you request more than one version of a test, then you can print a correlation table that shows where each question from the testbank is used on each version of the test. The correlation lists each question by its question ID and gives its question number on each version of the test. For example, if your test includes multiple-choice question 1 from chapter 1 of the testbank (BOOK 1.1-1), and you have printed two versions in which the question order is scrambled, you can track where this question occurs on version A and version B. The correlation prints after all the requested forms and their answer keys are printed. Print answer key Select this option to print an answer key for each version. Check other boxes to select which information to print for each question. When descriptor categories, such as Topic, are unavailable for the selected test items, they are dimmed and cannot be selected for printing on the answer key. Save Settings Click OK to save the settings only for the current session. Click the Save as default button to save the settings for the current test as well as for future tests. Setting the Page Setup Options To set the paper size, margins, orientation, or scaling that will be used when you view or print a test, select Page Setup from the File menu. This is the standard Page Setup dialog for your printer.

Publishing Tests for Use with the TestGen Plug-in

The TestGen plug-in lets students take TestGen tests on the Internet using a web browser. This has the following advantages: Test questions appear in the web browser just as they do on your computer screen when you create the test, including graphics, function plots, math expressions, text formatting, and symbols. All random number regeneration is preserved so different students see different number values.

The tests you create with TestGen are ready for use with the TestGen plug-in as soon as you save them. You will need to copy or upload the test file to a network or server the course management system that will display the test and keep track of student results. When you select "Publish" from the File menu, the available options depend on the type of test you chose to create, and TestGen will warn you if any of the test questions are incompatible with the chosen destination. Generally, plug-in tests can contain multiple choice, short answer, bimodal, and true/false questions. If you are creating tests for use with one of the Pearson Education course management systems, refer to the documentation provided with each of those systems for further details.

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Publishing Tests for Use with QuizMaster

Before you publish a test to use with QuizMaster, you must install the QuizMaster program and initialize the QuizMaster Utility program. Instructions for installing QuizMaster and linking the program with the QuizMaster Utility are in a separate section of this Guide. Publishing a QuizMaster Test When QuizMaster has been properly installed on the network and linked to the QuizMaster Utility program in TestGen, you can publish tests for use with QuizMaster. Create a QuizMaster test using only multiplechoice, bimodal, and true/false questions and then select "Publish QuizMaster Test" from the File menu. Next, choose the course to which you want to assign the test. If you have not created any course and section names, you will need to click the New button and enter a course and section to assign the test. Next, the program indicates which category will be used for QuizMaster reports or lets you select a category if more than one is available. If no topics, skills, or objectives are available for the questions on the test, you can still save the test and use it with QuizMaster, but the reports generated by QuizMaster will not include this information. The availability of these categories varies by testbank. QuizMaster Test Settings Next you fill in information about the test, such as number of versions, availability dates and times, number of tries, on the Current Test Settings dialog. Change any of the test settings you wish. Then click OK to accept the settings. Note: You can modify these settings later using the QuizMaster Utility program. Test Name This descriptive name for the test is the one that students see when they choose which test to take. Number of Versions You can save from 1 to 9 versions of a QuizMaster test. To create multiple versions, the program selects similar questions from the testbank based on the topics, skills, or objectives of the questions you chose for the first version. Note: You must keep the appropriate testbank open in order to save more than one version of a test. When a student takes a test, one of these versions is chosen randomly. Test Availability Enter a starting and ending time and date that determines the length of time you want students to have access to the test. Maximum Number of Tries Enter a number from 1 to 3 to set the number of attempts a student can make on the test. Note: A"0 indicates that there is no limit to the number of tries. Minimum Days Wait Between Tries Enter a number from 0 to 9 to set the number of days a student must wait before being able to retake the test. Maximum Time Allowed Enter a number from 0 to 255 to set the number of minutes a student has to complete the test. Note: 0 indicates no time limit has been set.

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Warning Message At Enter a number from 0 to 99 to set the number of minutes before time has run out for the test that the student will receive a warning. Allow Print Missed Questions Click the check box to let students print a list of the questions they missed on the test. The printout also provides the answers to the missed questions, with answer explanations and textbook page references when either or both are available. Allow Calculator Click the check box to give students access to the built-in calculator during the test. An unchecked box disables the calculator during the test. Allow Question Scrambling Click the check box to scramble the order of questions on each students QuizMaster test. An unchecked box keeps question order the same for every student who takes the test. Save Test Scores Click the check box to save students' test scores in a database. To make the test available for practice only, uncheck this box. Edit Test Note Click this button to open a window where you can edit the standard introductory note that students see when they are ready to take a QuizMaster test. 46

Exporting Tests to Text and RTF Files

You can transfer the tests you create with TestGen to a file that you can modify in a word processing program, either plain text (.TXT), or rich text format (.RTF).

Use the Formatted Text File option to export to an RTF file that you can open with Microsoft Word. Exporting Tests to Plain Text Files Create or open the TestGen test you want to export and select Export from the File menu. On the next dialog, choose to export the exam to a Plain Text File. Then give the file a name that includes a .TXT extension and choose where you would like to save it. Note: Whenever you export a file as a plain text file, you lose all special formatting such as bold, underline, italics, variable text or numbers, and graphics. Exporting Tests to Formatted Text Files A test exported to a "Formatted Text File" produces an RTF, or "rich text," file that preserves text styles such as bold, italics, underline, superscripts, and subscripts. Use this type of export to produce a test file you can open with Microsoft Word 2000 (or later) or other word processors that support RTF 1.6 or later. The export automatically converts the standard TestGen font to Times New Roman font. Symbols from the TestGen symbol palettes and Latin-1 character symbols entered from the keyboard are exported as Times New Roman or Lucida high-bit characters, when possible. A small number of TestGen symbols have no corresponding characters in commonly used fonts and will display as empty boxes in the RTF file. These symbols are: trapezoid, right angle, script "l", raised multiplication symbol, checkmark, arrow NW/SE, and arrow NE/SW. Graphics and function plots are exported as low-resolution bitmap images. If the test includes algorithmic questions, the current values of the variables are exported to the RTF file. An answer key follows the set of test questions. Test headings and non-printing characters are not included in the RTF document. Create or open the TestGen test you want to export. Prepare the test so that it displays the information you want to export. For example, if you want answer choices to be stacked rather than printed across the page in columns, turn on stacked answer choices in the Preferences dialog. Use the Display dialog to show or hide question type headers, descriptors, and answers, depending on what you want to see in the RTF file. Then select "Export" from the File menu. On the next dialog, choose to export the exam to a "Formatted Text File." Then name the file, including an .RTF extension (e.g., chapter1.rtf), and choose where you want to save it. Always open the RTF document in your word processor after the export to see if you need to adjust the margins, align text, replace or insert characters that did not export correctly, or delete unwanted material.

Exporting Tests to HTML

TestGen's export to HTML lets you create practice tests or test simulations that students can view with a web browser. The web browser needs to support HTML 3.0 or higher (frames, tables, forms) and JavaScript. Both Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer are compatible browsers.

Creating an HTML Test

To create a test that can be displayed with a web browser, select "New Test" from the File menu. When the program asks what type of test you want to create, choose "Create a test for the web," and then choose 47

"HTML Practice Exam." Proceed to pick questions for your HTML test, which can include multiple-choice, bimodal, or true/false questions. Then select "Export" from the File menu.

Choose to export the test either as an HTML Exam, in which students answer all the questions, then get a report of their score, or as an HTML Practice Exam, in which students get immediate feedback as they answer each question. If you choose HTML Exam, the Test Results Options dialog lets you choose whether or not students will see correct answers (with or without their responses) for missed or skipped questions when they finish the test.

Click OK, and then give the test a name (no spaces allowed) and choose where you would like to save it. By default, the TestGen program creates a folder in the HTMLEXPT folder using the test name you assign to store all the HTML and graphics files associated with the test. The program automatically creates and updates the index.htm file and creates a table of contents page for all the HTML tests you store in the HTMLEXPT folder. Tests are identified as Practice or Exam. Note: Exported HTML tests that are not saved in the HTMLEXPT folder are exported as a folder of the HTML and graphics files, and no index.htm file gets created for these tests.

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Modifying the Contents Page To remove an exam from the test contents page, edit the index.htm file found in the HTMLEXPT folder, using an HTML editing tool. Each test name occupies a cell in an HTML table, and you need to remove the appropriate row of the table for the test you want to delete. How you make the deletion depends on your editing tool and is beyond the scope of this User's Guide. After editing the index.htm file, you may also want to delete the corresponding test folder from the HTMLEXPT folder if you no longer want to use the test. The Student Experience: Taking the Test The student takes the test in practice mode or in test simulation mode, depending on how the instructor exported the test. Practice Mode If the HTML test was exported as a Practice Exam, students receive immediate feedback as to whether they have answered each question correctly and might see a textbook page reference, if available. Clicking the Prev and Next buttons moves the student from one question to another. The counter in the upper-right corner lets the student know the current question number and the total number of questions available for practice. Test Simulation If the HTML test was exported as an Exam, students first enter registration information, such as their name and course number, that will appear on the end-of-test report. When they start the test, they move from question to question by clicking the Prev and Next buttons. Students click the End Test and View Results button to see their scores, and if the instructor has selected these options, students might also see the correct answers and their own responses for questions they skipped or missed. Students can print the test results by selecting "Print" from the File menu. At the end of the test, students can return to the list of available tests by clicking the Contents button.

Exporting Tests to Blackboard

It is easy to create a test in TestGen and transfer it into Blackboard 5.x or 6.x. 1. Choose Blackboard Test Type and Create a Test a. Select "New test" from the File menu, click A test for the web, click Blackboard 5.x and 6.x (BB) and click the Make Test button. b. Create the test, whether choosing from a testbank or adding your own questions. (Note: TestGen's special short answer question type is not supported by Blackboard.)

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2. Export the Test from TestGen as a .Zip File a. Select Export from the File menu, select Blackboard 5.x and 6.x from the Export Test dialog, and click OK.

b. Enter your last name and a name for the question pool (description is optional), then click OK.

c. Review the filename and destination where the .zip file will be created and saved. (By default, the name matches its original .TST file and the location is the "tests" folder inside the TestGen folder.) You can change either of these, but note that you will need to locate this file for the upload process into Blackboard. d. Click Save.

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3. Upload the Test into Blackboard a. Log into your Blackboard server. b. Click on the Courses tab in the top navigation bar. c. Click the course name that you would like to upload your test questions into. d. Click the Control Panel button in the left navigation bar. e. Click the Pool Manager link in the Assessment area. This is the area that your tests will be imported into. Having existing questions in this area will not affect your import. f. Click the Import Pool button on the Pool Manager page. g. Locate the .zip file to upload by clicking the Browse button. (Tip: It may be in the "tests" folder inside the TestGen folder.) Then click Open. The .zip file name and location display in the box next to the Browse button. h. Click the Submit button. Depending on the number of questions, it can take 5-45 minutes for the entire question pool import to be transferred into your Blackboard course. A message displays when the process is complete. 4. Create Assessment in Blackboard The question pool you authored in TestGen can now be used in the same manner as question pools created directly within the Blackboard course.

Exporting Tests to WebCT

It is easy to create a test in TestGen and transfer it into WebCT 3.x or 4.x. 1. Choose WebCT Test Type and Create a Test a. Select "New test" from the File menu, click A test for the web, click WebCT 3.x (WCT) or WebCT 4.x (WCT) and click the Make Test button. b. Create the test, whether choosing from a testbank or adding your own questions. (Note: TestGen's special short answer question type is not supported by WebCT.)

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2. Export the Test from TestGen as a .Zip File a. Select Export from the File menu, select WebCT 3.x or WebCT 4.x from the Export dialog box, and click OK.

b. Provide the requested information in the "Export to WebCT" dialog box.

When you click OK, the "Create a file for export" dialog box displays. c. Review the filename and destination where the .zip file will be saved. (By default, the name matches its original .TST file and the location is the "tests" folder inside the TestGen folder.) You can change either of these, but note that you will later need to locate this file for uploading into WebCT. d. Click Save.

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3. Upload File into WebCT

a. Log into your WebCT course and click on Manage Files. b. Click Upload file, and then click the Go button directly beneath it.

c. Locate the .zip file to upload by clicking the Browse button. (Tip: It might be in the "tests: folder inside the TestGen folder.) Make sure the Destination folder is set to My-Files, then click the Upload button. Important: Always upload TestGen files into the My-Files folder. d. Locate the exported .zip file in the My-Files list and select the file by clicking its check box. e. Choose Unzip from the drop-down list under the File Options heading and click its Go button. f. Choose My-Files as the destination folder. Then click the Unzip button. g. WebCT unzips the files to a subdirectory you specified during the TestGen export process. For example, if you typed demo_test as the WebCT folder name, the program unzips one or more .txt files into My-Files/demo_test. The program places any supporting .gif image files in MyFiles/demo_test/imagefiles. You can delete the .txt files after you import the questions into the WebCT question database. However, the images must remain in this location.

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4. Import Questions into WebCT a. Click on View Designer Map. b. In the Designer Options list on the right side of the window under the Modify heading, click on the link you have created to the WebCT Quiz/Survey Tool.

c. Click Import questions into database. d. Click the Import button, and then click the Go button under Manage Questions.

The Import Questions dialog box appears. e. Click the Browse button to locate the files you uploaded. f. Locate the My-Files folder and open the folder for the questions you want to import. Select the text file you want to import and then click the Pick button. The question text files are located in a folder that corresponds to the WebCT folder you provided during the TestGen export process. Choose the file.txt file if you selected the option to place all the question types in one category. If you specified a unique file for each question type, you will see several files (such as mc.txt and tf.txt) in the folder. Select any one of those files. 54

g. Click the Import button.

h. Check that all the questions from the file are on screen and then click the Continue button. At this point, your questions are now in the question database. Repeat the process for each text file you uploaded.

5. Create a Quiz in WebCT Refer to the WebCT help for instructions on creating a quiz or survey. When creating the quiz, you can view and select questions based on the Category Name you supplied when creating the .zip file with TestGen.

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The Question Editor

This chapter describes the features and tools available in TestGens built-in Question Editor.

Using the Question Editor

You use the Question Editor to create new questions or modify existing questions in a testbank or on a test. Modifying Existing Questions To modify an existing testbank or test question in Question view or in Outline view, do one of the following to open the Question Editor: Double-click a question ID or a question you want to edit. Select the question ID or question you want to edit. Then click the Modify button, or select Modify from the Edit menu. When the Question Editor opens, make changes to the question as desired. Click the Close box or select "Close-Save changes" from the File menu. In a testbank, you have the option to update the existing question or add the modified question to the testbank, keeping the original unchanged. Added modified questions are placed at the end of the current group of questions.

Adding New Questions To add a new question to a testbank or test, go to the part of the testbank or test where you want to add a question and select the question or question ID that is above where you want to insert the new question. Click the Add button or select Add after from the Edit menu. The Question Editor window will open. Note: Depending on the setting for transfer and insert, a new question is added after or before the selected question. You can change this setting by selecting Change After to Before or Change Before to After from the Edit menu. The default setting is to insert after. Questions that you add to a testbank can be used on tests you create at a later date. Questions you add to a test are saved with that test only and do not become a permanent part of the testbank. The best procedure for adding new questions is to add them to the ends of sections in the testbank or create new sections in the testbank to store your new questions. Then drag or copy these questions to tests you create.

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Question Editor Window A Question Editor window for a multiple-choice question follows. The layout of the Question Editor window varies with the question type you select.

Selecting a Question Type The Question Editor lets you work with a variety of question types. Select the type of question you want from the pull-down menu in the upper-left corner of the Question Editor window. Bimodal (BI) True/False (TF) Short Answer (SA) Matching (MA) Essay (ES) Multiple Choice (MC) Vocabulary (VO) Special Short Answer (SSA) Questions are entered in multiple-choice format, but can also be displayed in short-answer format. This is the standard true/false question type. This question type is generally used for fill-in-the-blank or completion questions, when a word or short phrase is the answer. Questions are displayed in two columns with questions in column 1 and answer choices in column 2. This question type is generally used when sentences or paragraph answers are expected. This is a standard question type with up to five answer choices and one or more correct answers. Questions display either the term or the definition as the question. This short-answer question type allows additional settings for answer blanks.

Note: If you change the question type for a question, some portions of the question could be lost. For example, if you change a multiple-choice question to a true/false question, the answer choices are discarded.

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Page Reference, Difficulty, and Workspace At the top of the Question Editor window, there are three optional fieldspage reference, difficulty level, and workspace. You can input a page reference up to 16 characters and a difficulty level from 0 to 9. For workspace, enter a number from 0 to 15 to indicate the number of blank lines you want to be printed below the question on a test if you selected Single workspace on the Test Page Display dialog. Typing and Editing Text In the Question Editor, to begin typing in a question, answer, or answer choice, click the mouse button to place the cursor in the field where you want to type. Do not press [Enter] or [Return] at the end of any line unless you want to force the start of a new line. Long sentences and paragraphs will be reformatted to fit the width of the question space when the question is displayed or printed on a test or in a testbank. To edit text, first select the text by holding down the mouse button and dragging the cursor across the text to highlight it. Then type to replace the highlighted text, choose Copy or Cut from the Edit menu, or select a Font, Size, or Style from the Text menu. If text has been copied or cut, it can be pasted at the current location of the cursor by selecting Paste from the Edit menu. There are keyboard shortcuts assigned to many of these standard operations. For multiple-choice questions, click the check box next to the correct answer. Also, click the lock icon next to any choices that should remain fixed in place if answer choices are shuffled on a test. Displaying Editing Tools To display or hide items in the Question Editor, select an option from the Tools menu. The sample window that follows displays many of the tools. Symbol Palettes and Expression Templates The symbol bar includes nine palettes of symbols and seven palettes of templates that help you enter symbols that cannot be typed from the keyboard and mathematical expressions or tables that require special formatting. Variables The v button lets you insert variable numbers or text in any question, while the Var button displays the Variable Definitions Worksheet where you can list the number or text values for each variable. When variables are used in a question, the #Var field automatically calculates and displays the number of possible variations. View Button The View button cycles through different views that display either variable names or variable values for questions that contain variables from the variable worksheet or from preprogrammed algorithms. Graph Button The Graph button opens a built-in graphing tool with which you can create mathematical graphs using a Cartesian, polar, or number line background. The graphs can be inserted into any part of a question. Ruler Display the ruler when you want to set tabs or justify text for selected parts of a question. Explanations Each answer or answer choice can have an Explanation attached to it that can provide a rationale or solution to help students understand why the answer was correct or why an answer choice was incorrect. Comments A comment can be attached to each question by the testbank author or the instructor to record notes about the question. 58

Descriptors Five categories are provided to attach descriptive information to each question, to assist in searching for questions in testbank, or to assist in diagnosing student errors on tests. The categories usually are named Topic, Skill, Objective, User1, and User 2, but may be renamed by the publisher for certain testbanks, when appropriate. Invisible Characters To assist in editing questions or aligning text, you can display hidden, or nonprinting, characters, such as spaces, tabs, and paragraph marks. Graphics The Question Editor has built-in tools that let you insert graphics into questions and organize the graphics in a Graphics Library. Macro Editor The Macro Editor lets you assign up to 24 frequently used text, graphics, templates, symbols, or expressions to function keys so you can quickly insert them into test questions without having to recreate them each time. Saving Questions and Closing the Editor To save a question in progress without closing, click the Save button. To save a question and close the Editor, click the close box or select "Close - Save Changes" from the File menu. When you save an edited testbank question, a dialog appears and you have the option to update the original question or add the edited question as a new question in the testbank. If you add the edited question as a new question, it is placed at the end of 59

the current chapter or section. Otherwise, the updated test question replaces the original. (Note: The outline view for a testbank or test displays a plus (+) sign after the question IDs for all the questions you have added to the testbank or test.) If you edit a question, but then click the Cancel button or select "Close - Cancel Changes" from the File menu, the Question Editor closes and the question returns to its original, unedited state.

Multiple-Choice and Bimodal Questions

For multiple-choice questions, select Multiple Choice from the drop-down question type menu in the Question Editor. Multiple-choice (MC) and Bimodal (BI) questions use the same editing form in the Question Editor, including an optional Instruction field, a Question field, and five Answer Choice fields.

Type the stem of a multiple-choice question in the Question field. Type the answer choices in fields A, B, C, D, and E. Not all answer fields have to be used, but start with choice A and do not leave any blank choices between other choices. Marking the Correct Answer After you have entered the answer choices, click in the check box next to the correct answer. (You can select more than one answer choice as correct.) Locking Answer Choices The order of multiple-choice and bimodal answer choices may be shuffled when a test is printed. To keep an answer choice, such as None of the above, in the same relative position, click the lock icon to the left of the answer choice. When the lock is closed, the answer choice is locked in place and will not be shuffled with the unlocked answer choices. Locking answer choices is especially important when the correct answer choice is something like Both B and C are correct. You want to make sure that this choice, as well as choices B and C, are always locked in the same position. If, however, Both B and C are correct. is NOT the correct answer, then B and C do not have to be locked in place. 60

Locked answer choices are marked with a nonprinting, blue lock icon in Question view.

Using Bimodal Questions Using a Bimodal question provides flexibility in your testbank and test questions in that you can enter a question once and then display it in either multiple-choice or short-answer format on a test. For bimodal questions, select Bimodal from the drop-down question type menu in the Question Editor. Well-Constructed Bimodal Questions A well-constructed bimodal question can be answered without the student seeing the multiple-choice answers. For example, the following question works just as well when displayed in short-answer format as in multiple-choice format. The outermost layer of the epidermis is __________. A) stratum lucidum B) stratum basale C) stratum corneum D) superficial fascia The outermost layer of the epidermis is __________. Inappropriate Bimodal Questions The following question works well in multiple-choice format, but not in short-answer format when the answer choices are removed. It would not be suitable as a bimodal question type. Which of the following statements is true? A) Federalism is the typical way nations organize their governments. B) Most European countries are confederations. C) The American states have unitary governments. D) Great Britain has a federal system. E) None of the above are true. Which of the following statements is true? Changing the Form of Bimodal Questions All bimodal questions are entered as multiple-choice questions in the Question Editor. In testbanks, you can display the Question Type descriptor to see which questions are bimodal. On tests, "BI" prints to the left of each bimodal question.

You can globally change how bimodal questions are displayed on tests by clicking the check box next to Print bimodal questions as short answer in the Test Page Display Options dialog.

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In addition, you can manually change the form of any bimodal question on a test by selecting the question and clicking the Bimodal Form button at the top of the test window.

Note: If you change the form of a question from MC to SA, or from SA to MC, and the test is using a SmartSort by Question Type, the question may move to a new location on the test. Adding Evaluated Answers Since bimodal questions can be displayed in short answer format and some types of short answer questions can be used plug-in tests, they are eligible to have evaluated answers, or multiple correct answers. In the Question Editor for bimodal questions, an evaluated answer icon next to the correct answer indicates that multiple answers are allowed and have been defined. (If there is a slash through the EA icon, then no alternate answers have been entered yet.)

To add or view alternate correct answers, click the EA icon to open the Evaluated Answer Editor. Instructions for using the Evaluated Answer Editor are given in the next section, Short Answer Questions.

Short Answer Questions

For short answer questions, select the "Short Answer" question type from the drop-down question type menu in the Question Editor. Use the Short Answer (SA) question type for fill-in or completion statements, or when the question can be answered with one or two words or a short phrase or sentence.

Short answer questions include an optional Instruction field, a Question field, and an Answer field. Evaluated Answers for Short Answer Questions When short answer or bimodal questions are to be used on web tests that use the TestGen plug-in, it is possible to define and accept more than one form of the correct answer. A green evaluated answer icon, EA, next to the answer in the Question Editor indicates that more than one form of the answer will be accepted as correct, while a red EA icon means that no alternate answers have been defined. 62

To view or add evaluated answers for a short answer or bimodal question, click the EA icon next to the correct answer. This opens the Evaluated Answer Editor.

The Evaluated Answer Editor copies the correct answer for the question into the Answer 1 field, which is not editable here and always reflects the current correct answer in the Question Editor. You can enter up to nine alternate correct answers. Answer Evaluation Styles There are three answer evaluation styles literal, numeric, and expression that let you define specific alternate answers as well as ranges of acceptable answers. By default, Answer 1 and all alternate answers are literal text that ignore case and spaces, and have no restrictions (filters) on the types of keys the student can use to enter an answer. To configure an evaluated answer beyond the default behavior, you need to drag across all or part of the answer to select it and then click an evaluation style. The background of the selected answer or portion changes color to match the color of the button for the selected style. In addition, the options panel changes to match the selected style and you can set or reset options. Note that if the correct answer is algorithmic, including variables programmed by the publisher or from the variable worksheet, you can switch between the variable view and the static view using the View button at the top right corner of the Evaluated Answer Editor window. In variable view, you see the names of the variables used in the answer v(1), v(2), and so on for algorithmic variables, and v($1), v($2), and so on for string variables from the variable worksheet. These represent values that will be replaced with numbers or text each time the problem is regenerated. Caution: Altering variable names will usually invalidate the problem so that student answers are incorrectly evaluated.

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The options for each answer evaluation style are as follows: [L] Literal Options Word or short phrase (yellow)

The most common use for the Literal option is to accept multiple forms of the correct text-based answer. If the answer is "1,000,000" you can enter alternate answers such as: one million, 1 million, 1M, and 1000000. You can use the following options to restrict which answers are accepted as correct for each alternate answer. Match Case Acceptable answers must match the case. For example, if the correct answer is "Monkey" with case sensitivity off, acceptable answers would include: Monkey, monkey, MONKEY, mOnKeY, and other variations of case. If Match Case is checked, only Monkey is accepted. Acceptable answers must match the spacing. For example, if the correct answer is "Ida B. Wells" with space matching turned off, acceptable answers would include: IdaB.Wells, Ida B.Wells, IdaB. Wells, I d a B. W e l l s, and other variations of spacing. If Match Space is checked, only Ida B. Wells is accepted as correct.

Match Spacing

Example of alternate literal answers:

The student must spell these alternate answers correctly, but upper- and lowercase and spacing are ignored.

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[N] Numeric Options Single number answers (green)

The most common use of the Numeric option is to allow a tolerance for a numeric answer or to require a specific number of significant digits. Tolerance Acceptable answers can be within a specified range of numbers. For example, if the correct answer is 3.14159 () and you enter an alternate answer of 3.14 with a tolerance of 0.01, then acceptable answers would be any that fall with in the range of 3.14 0.01 and 3.14 + 0.01, or between 3.13 and 3.15. The following would be accepted as correct: 3.13, 3.14, 3.141111, 3.142, 3.15, and others in the range. Acceptable answers must have the correct number of significant digits. For example, if an alternate answer is 2.40 with 3 significant digits, answers such as 2.4 and 2.400 would not be accepted as correct.

Significant Digits

Example of alternate answers for a numeric answer:

Answer 2 accepts student answers that are a single number, without operators, that are equivalent to 2.5. The student could enter, for example, 2.5, 2.50, or 2.500000, as well as the exact match fraction to give a correct answer.

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[E] Expression Options Math expression evaluation (blue)

The most common use of the Expression option is to accept alternate, symbolic forms of the answer. Similar Form Accepts forms of the answer that are mathematically similar, based on the order of the terms or factors. For example, if the answer is "2+3", then "3+2" would be accepted as correct, while "5" and "1+3+1" would not. Equivalent forms are also accepted; for example, a-2 instead of 1/a2. Requires the student's answer to be fully reduced. For example, if the alternate answer is and you check Reduce Only, answers such as 9/12 would not be accepted as correct. Specify the amount by which the answer can vary from a fixed value.

Reduce Only

Tolerance

If any evaluated answer contains names of variables, such as x and y, you can enter each variable name and a set of three test values that are used to evaluate the expression. The values are compared with the value of the student's expression when the same values are substituted into the student answer. Variable Enter each of the variable names (up to 10) used in the expression answer. For example, if the accepted expression is "2x + 6y", enter x and y in the variable list by typing them in the box. For each variable in the Variable list, enter 3 different values that the program can "plug into" the expression to obtain a value for the accepted answer. The program randomly assigns numbers, starting with 3, 5, and 7, to each variable you enter, but you can change these values for any variable. For example, if the desired answer is "2/(x-3)", a test value of 3 would cause a divide by zero error, so you would change the test value from 3 to some other integer, such as 0 or 1.

Values

When the student enters an expression answer, the test values are substituted into the student's expression, and the student's set of resulting three numbers must match the answer's set of resulting three numbers for the answer to be counted as correct.

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Example of an alternate answer using an expression in similar form:

With the similar form setting, the student must use the same mathematical operators as were used in the answer being compared to the student input. Since Answer 2 contains a division (fraction bar) and an implied addition (whole number plus fraction), the student's response must contain the same operators and be mathematically equivalent to 2 . Test Answer button To try out the evaluated answers and test a variety of answers, click the Test Answer button. This starts your web browser and uses the TestGen plug-in to display the problem and answer. You can enter answers to check and see if they are correctly accepted or not. A Regen button lets you regenerate variables if available. Close the browser window to return to the Evaluated Answer Editor and make changes or save your question. Miscellaneous Options Other controls in the Evaluated Answer Editor include the following: Input Filter choice box Restrict certain keystrokes at the keyboard to prevent students from inadvertently entering a correct answer that is not interpreted correctly. Choices are: None (blank) Integers only Real numbers only aA-zZ only No numbers Money only Allows all keystrokes Allows keys 0-9, comma, hyphen Allows keys 0-9, comma, period, hyphen Allows keys a-z, A-Z Allows all keystrokes except 0-9 Only keys 0-9, comma, $, period

Symbols and templates During web tests using the TestGen plug-in, appropriate symbols and templates are available for students to help enter their answers. You will see these buttons when you use the Test Answer button.

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Mix and Match You can mix the three styles of evaluated answers within a single answer to maximize the ability to recognize a student's correct answer. Special Short Answer Questions Use the Special Short Answer (SSA) question type for short answer questions that have lettered parts or for other special cases in which multiple answer lines or lined workspace are desired. Click the Answer Blanks button in the Question Editor to open the dialog for these settings.

If you choose to Show Labels, the answer blanks will be labeled with lowercase letters. If you select to Show Lines for the workspace, there will be one writing line for every two lines of workspace assigned.

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Essay Questions
Use the Essay question type when longer sentences or paragraphs are expected as answers. Essay (ES) questions include an optional Instruction field, a Question field, and an Answer field.

To include lined workspace for essay answers on tests, select the Workspace tab in the Test Page Display Options dialog. Mark the Lined workspace for essay questions check box. One answer line will appear below the essay question for every two lines of workspace assigned.

True/False Questions
For true/false questions, select True/False from the question type menu in the Question Editor. True/false (TF) questions include an optional Instruction field, a Question field, an answer, and an Explanation field.

For true/false questions, enter the question statement in the Question field. Click the radio button next to True or False to indicate the correct answer. In the Test Page Display Options dialog, you have the option to print T or F instead of an answer blank for True/False questions.

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Matching Questions
For matching questions, select Matching from the question type menu in the Question Editor. Matching (MA) questions include an Instructions field, a Question field, an Answer field, and an optional Foil field.

Using Instructions in Matching Questions Matching questions require the use of a unique instruction that links related questions and ensures that they are grouped together when printed on a test. When you create a test, questions with the same instruction appear in the same set of matching questions.

For instructions, use a statement that is and applies to all the questions in the group. For example, assume you have five matching questions that share the instruction: Match each state with its capital city. The matching questions would be displayed on the test as shown below.

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Question and Answer Enter only one matching question and answer on each Question Editor form. Whatever you enter in the Question field will be listed in the first column, when the matching questions are displayed on a test. Whatever you enter in the Answer field will be displayed in the second column, as a possible answer choice for all the questions in the group of matching questions that have been selected for a test. If two matching questions selected for a test have the same correct answer, the answer choice will only appear once in the column of answer choices. So, it may be possible to have, for example, ten items in the first column and only two choices in the second column if the correct answers for the ten items are either of the two choices. Using Answer Foils You can use the Foil field to add additional incorrect choices to column 2 of any matching exercise. When foils are used, it is possible for column 2 to have more items than column 1, because column 2 will include some choices that do not match with any item in column 1. Using the example on the preceding page, if two of the questions included the foils Cleveland and Las Vegas, the matching questions would be displayed on the test as shown below.

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Answer choices in column 2 are randomly ordered so the correct answer is usually not directly across from the question that matches it. Due to randomness, however, it is possible, occasionally, that a choice will be directly across from its correct match.

Vocabulary Questions
For vocabulary questions, select the Vocabulary (VO) question type from the drop-down question type menu in the Question Editor. Vocabulary questions are a specialized kind of short answer question that can be used to categorize questions that focus on definitions of key terms. They include an optional Instruction, a Term field, a Definition field, and an optional Pronunciation field.

Type the term and definition. To link several terms to a common instruction, enter the instruction in the Instruction field. The Pronunciation field can be used to show a phonetic spelling of the term or provide information about the term or its definition. The pronunciation can be displayed or printed on tests. 72

Changing the Form of Vocabulary Questions All vocabulary questions are entered and displayed with the term as the question in testbanks and in the Question Editor. You can globally change how vocabulary questions are displayed on tests by clicking the check box next to Display term as question or Display definition as question on the Test Page Display Options dialog. In addition, you can override this global setting by selecting a vocabulary question on a test and clicking the Form button. A tilde (~) symbol next to a question number indicates that the form of the vocabulary question has been changed to the opposite of the global setting.

Question Descriptors
Each question in a testbank or test can have descriptive information assigned to it to classify the question in some way. This information includes a topic, skill, objective, and two additional user-defined categories. (Occasionally, these categories are renamed for a specific testbank.) The use of descriptors varies from testbank to testbanksome testbanks or question types will have no descriptive information, while others will use one, two, or more categories for each question. The purpose of the descriptor categories is to: 1) provide a way for instructors to search for questions in a testbank that meet their desired criteria and make it easier to choose questions for tests; and 2) assist students and instructors in analyzing test results by pointing out areas that need more study. Topic, Skill, and Objective These three categories are list fields that contain the topic, skill, or objective for a question. User 1 and User 2 These two categories are user-defined list fields that assign additional descriptive information to a question; the type of information stored here will vary from testbank to testbank. Displaying Descriptors To display descriptors in a testbank or on a test, select Display from the Setup menu or click the Display icon at the top of the window. As displayed in a testbank or on a test:

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To display the descriptor categories in the Question Editor, select Show descriptors from the Tools menu. As seen in the Question Editor:

Descriptors can be assigned to any question by clicking the descriptor button and choosing from the list of available descriptors, or adding a new descriptor to the list.

Instructions
The Instruction in each question type is an optional item that can contain text, expressions, and graphics that apply to a single question or a set of questions in a testbank. Instructions can contain a chart or table, a graph, a reading passage, a diagram, or other content that might be shared by more than one question.

Each Instruction becomes part of an Instruction list from which you can choose an Instruction and assign it to other questions in the testbank. When you select questions that have the same Instruction for a test, those 74

questions can be grouped together on a test, and the Instruction will be printed only once, just before the first question in the group. You should always assign Instructions to sets of matching questions and to sets of similar problems in a math testbank.

Explanations
TestGen lets you type explanations, solutions, or notes for correct answers and incorrect answer choices in Explanation fields The explanations can be viewed on-screen, printed on tests, or printed on test answer keys to assist students and instructors in analyzing test results. To display Explanation fields in the Question Editor, select Show Explanations from the Tools menu. You can use Explanations for multiple-choice, bimodal, true/false, and short-answer questions. Explanation field for a True/False question displayed in the Question Editor:

Explanation displayed on a test, along with correct answer and page reference, to be used as an answer key for students:

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Using the Ruler

During editing, you may need to set tabs, center text horizontally, or otherwise adjust the placement of text or expressions within a question, answer, instruction, header, footer, or macro. You can perform all of these tasks with TestGen's built-in ruler. Select Show Ruler from the Tools menu to display the ruler if it is not visible at the top of the editing window.

The ruler displays the full width of the page that is allowed for each question, based on what you have set for the page margins. Using Tabs The four triangles at the left side of the ruler can be dragged onto the ruler to set tabs at any location. Each triangle symbol represents a different kind of tab: left-justified, center-justified, right-justified, and a special tab to align equal signs or decimal points. Note: The tabs do not affect the margins set for a page. If page margins are set too wide, so that line width is too narrow, some lines of tables and tabbed material might wrap to the next line. Be sure to set page margins small enough so that questions containing large tables or tabbed columns will fit across the page. When you create questions, avoid making table material wider than about 5 inches. Using Text Justification Buttons Above the four triangle tabs are four text justification buttons to produce left-justified text, center-justified text, right-justified text, or even-justified text. To set the justification for a paragraph of text you are about to type, place the cursor in the field and then click one of the buttons to set the justification before you begin typing. If a paragraph of text already exists, and you want to change the justification of it, click the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, and then click one of the justification buttons.

Working with Instruction and Descriptor Lists

TestGen manages instructions and descriptors assigned to questions by building lists so that list items can easily be assigned to more than one question. Instructions serve to group items with shared instructions together on a test. Descriptors serve as a way for instructors to search testbanks to find questions that meet their desired criteria. List items can be assigned, modified, added, deleted, and cleared in the Question Editor. (Select Show descriptors from the Tools menu if descriptor categories, such as Topic and Skill, are not visible below the questions.) Assigning List Items To assign an instruction or descriptor to a question in the Question Editor, click the Inst button or the relevant descriptor button. When the instruction or descriptor list appears, scroll through the list and select the item you want.

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Then click the Choose button to close the list and insert the item into the current question. Adding Items to an Instruction List If you click the Inst button and you do not see the item you want in the list, click the Add button. This opens an Instruction Editor window for you to enter a new instruction.

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The full instruction is displayed in the lower edit box, where you can insert symbols, graphics, templates, graphs, and text. The box grows and shrinks in length to fit what you insert. By default, the Short name for the instruction is the same as the first 50 or so characters of the instruction. This is what appears in the Instruction list and in the Question Editor. You may change the short name of the instruction so that what shows up in the Instruction list is more descriptive, for example, "Chapter 1 Matching." If the Instruction contains only a figure or a table, you might want to assign a short name of Figure 3-01 or Table 3.2 to identify the instruction in the list. When you have finished entering the instruction, click the Save button to save the new instruction in the Instruction list. Choose the new instruction from the list to place it in the current question. Adding Items to a Descriptor List If you click a descriptor button and you do not see the item you want in the list, click the Add button. This opens a blank Topic Editor window in which you can add a new item to the list for that descriptor.

After entering the list item, click OK. Then click Choose to assign the new list item to the question in the Question Editor. Deleting Items from the List To delete items from a list, select the item and then click the Delete button. You will see a message that indicates how many questions contain this instruction and asks whether you want to delete the instruction from all. If you click OK, the instruction will be deleted from the list and from all the questions to which the instruction was assigned. Clearing List Items To remove a list item from a question, but not from the list itself, click the Inst or descriptor button to display the list. The currently assigned list item will be highlighted. Click the Clear button to remove the instruction or descriptor from the current question. The instruction or descriptor will remain in the list and remain attached to other assigned questions, but will no longer be assigned to the current question. 78

Modifying List Items You can modify any list item by selecting it in the list and clicking the View/Edit button. In the editor window, make the changes you want, and then close the window to save the changes. Note: When you modify an instruction or descriptor, the change will take place for all the questions that are currently assigned that instruction or descriptor. You do not need to edit the instruction or descriptor for every question that uses it or reassign it to any questions.

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Advanced Editing Procedures

This chapter gives instructions for using TestGens editing tools, which include symbols and templates, the Graphics Library, the Graphing tool, the Variable Worksheet, the Macro Editor, and Global Style Replacement. It also describes how to rearrange testbank questions and how to start a new testbank.

Using Symbols and Templates

If you need to insert a symbol that is not available on the keyboard, look for it on one of the symbol palettes at the top of the Question Editor window. If the symbol palettes are not visible, select Show Symbols from the Tools menu in the Question Editor. Symbol Palettes The nine symbol palettes are drop-down menus that contain related symbols that you can click to insert at the cursor location.

1 mathematical operations, composition, abstract algebra 2 equality, approximate inequality, inequalities 3 sets, proofs, logic 4 geometric figures and symbols 5 arrows, segments 6 capital Greek alphabet 7 lowercase Greek alphabet 8 number sets 9 infinity symbol, degree symbol, script l", and other miscellaneous symbols You can change the sizes of symbols in the same way that you change the size of the text around them. Math Templates For subjects such as mathematics, chemistry, and economics, you may need to insert a mathematical expression into a question or answer. Use the math templates located at the top of the Question Editor window. If you do not see the symbols and template button, select Show Symbols from the Tools menu. The seven template buttons each display a palette of mathematical or scientific expressions that contain slots, or fields, for you to enter numbers or text. The expressions grow or change size dynamically as you enter numbers or text in any of the fields.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

fractions, mixed numbers, superscripts, subscripts, grouping box radicals, long division, synthetic division, sinking funds, annuities over and under bars, braces, rays, lines, arcs hat, tilde, cross-out, primes, accents integrals, summation, coproduct parentheses, vertical bars, double bars, braces, brackets determinants, matrices, charts, tables

When you want to insert a template at the location of the cursor, click the appropriate button to display the palette. Then click a template to insert it into the question. Boxes outline the fields in the template where you can enter numbers, text, or other templates. To move from field to field within a template, press the right arrow key or click in any field with the mouse. When you have filled all the fields, press the right arrow key again to move out of the template and continue typing. Nested Templates You can put one template inside of another template when necessary, as shown in the example below, which has a square root template in the numerator of a fraction template.

1. Create this expression by first choosing the fraction template. 2. Place the cursor in the numerator of the fraction and then choose the square root template. 3. Enter a number in the radical, and then press the right arrow to exit the square root template. 4. Press the right arrow key again or click in the denominator to exit the numerator. 5. Now type a number in the denominator. 6. Press the right arrow to exit the fraction template. Using Grouping Templates to Avoid Line Breaks Normally, when text or expressions are too long to fit at the end of a line, word wrap occurs and bumps these words or expressions to the next line. This sometimes produces an undesirable break at a space in the middle of an expression unless you use TestGen's grouping template. The grouping template prevents text, objects, or expressions, such as "123 meters" or "3x + 5y = 12", from being split into two parts at the end of line. Example: The expression y = 5 is split between two lines on a test.

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To group an expression or set of items, first put the cursor at the desired location in a question, answer, or instruction. Then select the grouping template from the fraction palette.

You see the outline of a box at the cursor location. Now type the desired text or create the desired expression inside the box, or copy and paste an expression into the box. Anything you put inside the grouping template will become a single unit and wrap to the next line when the entire boxed item is too big to fit at the end of its current line. Example: Expression y = 5 is boxed in the Question Editor to prevent splitting on a test

Example: Four expressions boxed to prevent splitting during rewrapping of text:

The box outlines show in the Question Editor, but not in print or in question view of a testbank or test. Note: Word wrap can cause line breaks at different places, depending on the margins of the document or the layout of the testbank or test question. The line breaks caused by word wrap in the Question Editor (5-inch edit window) are usually not the same as the line breaks you will see when the question is displayed in the testbank window, on a printed test, or in an online test. It is best to box all expressions if you want to prevent splitting, even if they do not split in the editing window.

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Inserting Foreign Language Symbols

When you need to insert foreign language symbols into a question, you can (1) use TestGen's built-in symbols and templates or (2) insert characters from another font. Whichever method you choose, it is important to stick with the same method throughout the test or testbank in order to maintain a consistent look and style to the questions. Using TestGen Symbols and Templates When you occasionally need to use a foreign language symbol for a printed test, TestGen's built-in symbol and template palettes contain a few of the commonly used symbols and accents as shown below: Symbols - Miscellaneous Template - Accented characters

To insert a character from a symbol palette, click on the symbol you want to place it at the cursor location. Note: Most of the characters from the symbol palettes will convert to Times New Roman or Lucida high-bit characters when exported to RTF and to GIFs when exported to HTML, BB, and WCT. To insert a template, click the template button and choose the form you want to insert at the cursor location. Then type the character in the outlined box that is part of the template. Press the right arrow to exit the template or click the mouse in another location in the question. Note: Templates export as Windows metafiles (.wmf) when exported to RTF and as GIFs when exported to HTML, BB, and WCT. TestGen's built-in symbols and templates will display as you see them in TestGen on both Windows and Mac computers and in TestGen plug-in tests. Answers that contain TestGen symbols and templates can be input by the student taking a web-based test. Using Fonts with Latin-1 Character Sets If your testbank questions are destined be part of tests for the Web without the benefit of the TestGen plug-in, or if you want to be sure that your testbank questions will export to HTML and RTF without turning into GIFs, you need to use a Latin-1 character set that has symbols in the 128 to 255 positions of the font using Unicode values. Accented letters for foreign languages are in the range 192 to 255, and you can insert most of these symbols using keyboard shortcuts as shown in the chart in Appendix B. You may find it useful to assign frequently used symbols to the function keys (F1 to F12 and Shift+F1 to Shift+F12) by copying them into TestGen's Macro Editor. Testbanks that use non-Latin-1 characters are not cross-platform, and symbols that appear in Windows testbanks will appear differently if the same testbank is used on a Macintosh, and vice versa. Follow the steps below to set up a new testbank file that uses the Latin-1 character set instead of TestGen's default fonts. First choose a font that contains the Latin-1 character set. Acceptable fonts include: Bookman, Century, Courier, Garamond, Georgia, Lucida, MS San Serif, Modern, Roman, and Verdana. Unacceptabe fonts are: Arial, Times, and Times New Roman. 1. Choose "New book" from TestGen's File menu, name and save the file, and choose the number of levels of organization you want usually 1 or 2.

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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

On the Testbank Seup dialog, with the "Level 1" option selected, choose the name of your font from the drop-down font selector to replace TGEQA. Repeat Step 2 for all the other options in the Item column (Question Numbers, Descriptors, and so on) to change the TGEQA font selection to the name of your font. When all the items have been set to your chosen font, click OK. Next, select "Editor Default Styles" from the Setup menu to display the Set Default Styles dialog. Select each option, in turn, from the list of items, and change the font from TGEQA to your chosen font. Click the Set As Default Styles button. Switch to Question view in the testbank and select "Add After" from the Edit menu to insert the first question in the testbank. Type your question as usual, and use a keyboard shortcut, Character Map (Windows), Key Caps (Macintosh), or the TestGen macro keys to insert accented letters where needed.

Setting up Macro Keys for Frequently Used Symbols If you are typing test questions in a foreign language and frequently need to insert characters from another font, use the Macro Editor to assign each of these symbols to a function key so that you can insert them with a single keystroke. Follow the directions below to assign the macro keys. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In the Question Editor, select "Macro Editor" from the Tools menu. Pick a function key (F1 through F24) from the drop-down menu and click in the edit window. Use a keyboard shortcut, Character Map (Windows), or Key Caps (Macintosh) to insert a character into the macro editor window. Record or remember the character you assign to each function key. Click the Save button to close the Macro Editor window and save the assigned characters. When you need to insert a special character, simply press the assigned function key, from F1 to F12 or F13 (shift+F1) to F24 (shift+F12).

Use the Macro Editor to store any frequently used symbol, character, expression, text, table, or graphic. Changing Fonts in Existing Testbanks To change an existing testbank to a font that is not TGEQA, follow these steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. Use the "Global Style Replacement" option on the Setup menu. Select all the items in the top panel and select the "ChangeFont To" box in the bottom panel. Replace the TGEQA font on the drop-down menu with the Latin-1 font of your choice. You do not need to select the size, color, or style check boxes. Click Reformat All Matching Text to apply the font change and click OK when asked to proceed.

This process changes all existing questions as well as sets the default font for any new questions you add.

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Inserting Tables
TestGen lets you insert tables into instructions, headers, questions, answers, and explanations in testbank and test questions. To insert a table, select Table > Insert from the Text menu. This opens a dialog in which you can set up the table dimensions, height and width, borders and shading, and alignment.

Dimensions Click the Dimensions tab and enter the number of rows and columns you want for the table. Height and Width When you insert a table, height and width settings apply to all the rows and columns in the table. Click the Height/Width tab and enter the minimum row height, column width, and cell padding in inches. Enter fractional widths as decimals. Table row height increases when you add text that exceeds the height of the cell, but the height will never be less than the minimum row height you specify. Cell padding adds space evenly to all sides of the text within each cell to prevent it from printing right next to the cell border lines. Borders and Shading Click the Borders/Shading tab to select line color, pattern, and weight for table borders. You can also select fill color, pattern, and line weight for table cells. When you insert a table, the borders and shading settings apply to all the cells in the table. 85

Alignment Click the Alignment tab to set the vertical and horizontal alignment for the table cells. Settings apply to all the cells in the table when you insert it, but you can make adjustments to individual cells, rows, and columns after the table is inserted. Modifying Tables To modify a table that you previously inserted, select one or more cells, rows, or columns in the table. Select Table > Modify from the Text menu. When the Modify Table dialog opens, click any of the tabs and change the settings for the selected parts of the table. Click OK or Apply to see the results. To add or delete rows or columns from a table, or to delete the entire table, select the rows or columns, and then select Table > Insert Cells or Table > Delete Cells from the Text menu. Make your selections and click OK or Apply to see the results.

Inserting Graphics
TestGen lets you insert graphics into instructions, headers, questions, answers, and explanations in testbank and test questions. You can prepare these graphics yourself, using a commercial software package, or use the line-art graphics provided in the TestGen Graphics. Preparing Graphics for Import To prepare a graphic to import into a test question, use a commercial software package for drawing shapes or illustrations. Create your drawing and then save it in one of the following graphics formats: bitmap (.bmp), GIF (.gif), or JPEG (.jpg). PICT files will also work on the Macintosh. The screen resolution for displaying graphics is 96 dpi (Windows) or 72 dpi (Macintosh). Depending on the amount of detail in the image and the file format, the printed version of the image could be more "jaggy" or "grainy" than it appears on-screen. In this case you need to prepare a higher-resolution graphic that will print in the same space used by the screen-size graphic. Outline (vector) Graphics If you use a vector-based program, such as Adobe Illustrator, you can create the graphic and then export it as a bitmap (.BMP) with a resolution of 96 dpi to match the Windows screen resolution. To prepare a highresolution version of the same image, export the file again and set the resolution at 150 or 300 dpi. Use a naming scheme, such as fig0301.bmp and fig0301x.bmp, to identify the low- and high-resolution files for the same image. Bitmap (raster) Graphics If you use a raster-based (bitmap) drawing program, such as PaintShop Pro, create an image that is two or three times the desired on-screen size, and save this version as the high-resolution bitmap. Then scale or resize the graphic to the size you want for the on-screen display, and save this as the low-resolution bitmap. For example, create a graphic that is twice as large as needed, using 18-point Arial type for text and labels, and save it as the high-resolution bitmap. Reduce the image to 50% for the on-screen, low-resolution image. Physical Size Limit the physical measurement of each image to no more than 5 inches wide and 6 inches high. This is the maximum size that will fit on a printed page along with a question. Crop images to remove all extra white space surrounding the actual image. Remember that having large images in online questions could require the student to scroll up and down in the window to see the full image and to read and answer the question. File Size and Number of Colors When you prepare graphics for TestGen, the size of each graphic file must be less than one megabyte. If the image is large and the file size is larger than 1 MB, you can break the image into two or more parts to insert 86

into the same TestGen question in a side-by-side or up-and-down configuration. Always reduce the number of colors in your graphics to 256 or less to preserve detail in more complicated graphics, to achieve the smallest file size, and to reduce the loading time when images are used in online tests. Two-color images (black and white) are best for line art, while 16 or 256 colors are best for grayscale or more detailed images. If possible, process the images to use the Windows system color palette before importing into TestGen. Do NOT import graphics that use 24-bit color. Importing Graphics In the Question Editor, when you want to insert a graphic, place the cursor in the instruction, question, or answer where you want to insert the graphic, and then select "Import Graphic" from the Tools menu. When the file dialog appears, locate the graphic file you want to import and click OK. The Import Graphics dialog opens, as shown here.

You can save graphics in a Miscellaneous category or use a different category for each chapter. Use one of the existing category names in the drop-down menu or type a new category in the space provided. You can also rename a graphic file before you store it in TestGen. Click OK to display the graphic in your question. Setting Graphics Preferences You can insert graphics and function plots as either text characters or transparent objects. Indicate which setting you prefer by selecting "Preferences" from the Setup menu and clicking the Graphics Position tab.

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Graphics and function plots inserted as text characters become part of the line of text and move along with the text if characters are inserted or deleted or if the text wraps to the next line. They affect the line spacing by aligning the bottom of the graphic with the baseline of the line of text. Graphics and function plots inserted as transparent graphics can be placed at a static location and remain in the background so you can type over and around the image to place labels or other information. Positioning and Editing Transparent Graphics and Function Plots When you import a graphic or function plot as a transparent object, it is automatically placed in the upper-left corner of the field where you inserted it, at the coordinates (0,0). Note: If the graphic is the only object in the edit field, you might see only the top portion of it because only one line of text is occupied by the cursor. Press the [Enter] or [Return] key several times to move the cursor down the page and display the rest of the graphic. To reposition a transparent graphic, select "Edit Transparent Object" from the Tools menu in the Question Editor. You will see a list of the graphics and function plots used in the current field

Select an object in the list and click the Position button. Then enter the coordinates for the upper-left corner of the graphic. Tip: The measurements are in pixels, so as a guide, remember that an inch is about 96 pixels (Windows) or 72 pixels (Macintosh). When the selected object is a function plot, the Edit button becomes active and opens the function plotter so you can make last-minute adjustments to the image. Graphics cannot be edited in TestGen.

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Using the Graphics Library Graphics you insert into a question are automatically saved in the testbank's or test's Graphics Library so that they can be reused by other questions. Each testbank or test maintains its own Graphics Library. To open the Graphics Library for a testbank or a test, select "Graphics Library" from the Tools menu.

The Graphics Library dialog displays a list of one or more categories and the filenames that are in each category, as it is selected. A Preview window shows a thumbnail view of the graphic. Placing a Graphic from the Graphics Library To insert a graphic from the Graphics Library, place the cursor where you want to insert the graphic in the question in the Question Editor. Select Graphics Library from the Tools menu. Click a category in the left column and click a graphic filename in the right column. Click the Place button to place the graphic in the question and close the Graphics Library window. Adding Low- and High-Resolution Versions of a Graphic When you have two versions of the same graphic, with one at a higher resolution than the other, use the Graphics Library to add both versions to the testbank or test. Begin by importing the lower-resolution version or by choosing Add in the Graphics Library. Then, be sure the filename of the low-resolution graphics is selected in the Graphics Library, and click the Add Hi Res button. Find the file that is the high-resolution version of your graphic and open it. A check mark should appear in the column labeled Hi Res to show that the high-resolution version of the graphic has been included in the Graphics Library. TestGen automatically selects the lower-resolution version to display on the screen and the higher-resolution version to print. Deleting a Graphic from the Graphics Library To delete a graphic from the Graphics Library, click once on its name and then click the Delete button. The program will tell you how many questions, if any, are currently using the graphic. If you click OK, the graphics file will be removed from the Graphics Library list and from all questions that use it. Replacing or Updating a Graphic in the Graphics Library To make changes to a graphic after it has been imported into a testbank, replace the old graphic with the updated one. In the Question Editor, select the graphic you want to replace and delete it from the question. 89

Open the Graphics Library and choose Add to add the new, updated graphic file that has the same name as the old graphic file. Answer yes when the program prompts you to replace the existing graphic. The updated graphic replaces the old graphic everywhere the original graphic was used. If the updated graphic is a different size from the original, the program remeasures every question that uses the new graphic to make sure the space allowed for the graphic is correct. This step takes only a few seconds. If you choose not to have the program remeasure the graphic immediately after updating it, the program remeasures each affected question individually the next time it is displayed in Question view. Printing Graphics from the Graphics Library To print any or all of the graphics in the Graphics Library, highlight the category and/or graphic you want to print and click Print. In the Print Graphics dialog that opens, make your selection and click OK.

Exporting Graphics from the Graphics Library You can export a graphic from the Graphics Library to make changes to it in another graphics program. When you click Export on the Graphics Library window, the program prompts you to enter the name and location where you want the .BMP file saved. TestGen then creates a .BMP file of the graphic you exported.

Using the Graphing Tool

You can create graphs of functions and relations on a Cartesian or polar background, or create number line graphs by using TestGen's built-in Graph tool. Open the Question Editor for the question you want to create or edit and put the cursor in the Question or Answer field.

Then click the Graph button or select Create Graph from the Tools menu. To edit an existing graph, double-click it to open the Graph window.

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The Graph Window The Graph window contains the graph(s) that will be inserted into the question. You can use the menu options and buttons at the top of the window to modify, print, or place the graph in a problem or exit the graphing tool.

File Menu Select Print from the File menu to print the contents of the Graph window. Select Quit from the File menu to close the Graph tool without placing a graphic in the question. New Grid Menu Use the New Grid menu to choose one of three different backgrounds for the graph: Cartesian, Polar, or Number Line. The appropriate set of axes appears when you make your selection. The types of functions and relations you can define and graph are based on the grid type you select. Note: If you choose one grid type and plot a graph, and then change to another grid type, the graphs on the first grid are erased. Place Button When the Graph window shows the image you want to use, click the Place button to insert the contents of the Graph window into your question as a text character or as a transparent graphic, depending on the Preferences you have set for inserting Graphics and Plots. The Graph tool closes automatically. Graph Button Click the Graph button to display the Set Up Graphs dialog. You define or edit functions or other items for the list by selecting an equation type from the Add menu. You display the defined graphs by clicking the Plot box and then the Apply button.

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Range Button Click the Range button to adjust the viewing area for the Graph window by choosing either the center point value or the bottom or left point value.

Click one of the radio buttons and fill in positive or negative coordinates for the point you want to position. Click Apply to see the results without closing the Set Viewing Area dialog. Click OK to apply the results and close the dialog. Click Cancel to close the dialog without making a change. Zoom Button Use the Zoom button to zoom in or out to show more or less detail in the Graph window. Enter a zoom factor from 2 to 99 and then click Zoom In or Zoom Out as many times as you want. Click OK to apply the results and close the Zoom dialog. Click Cancel to close the dialog without making a change. Format Button Click the Format button to adjust the spacing of the tick marks, the scale, the labeling, the width of the axes, and the background pattern for a graph. The Format dialog varies slightly depending on whether you have chosen a Cartesian, polar, or number line type of grid.

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Horizontal Axis and Vertical Axis tabs: Pixels per tick This number determines how far apart the tick marks are on each axis. The default value is 20. To move tick marks closer together, enter a number smaller than 20, To move tick marks farther apart, enter a number larger than 20. Scale (units per tick) Ticks per label Label Arrowheads Title Orientation This number determines how many units are represented by each tick mark. The default value is 1. This number determines which tick marks are labeled with a number value. To label every tick mark, enter 1. Enter the letters you want to use to label each axis. The default for Cartesian is x and y. The default for polar is r. Check one or both boxes to display arrowheads at the ends of the axes. Type the title for the axis. Click a radio button to have the axis title print horizontally or vertically.

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Display tab: Show tick marks Label tick marks Label and title size Axis width Background

Check the box to display tick marks. Check the box to label tick marks. Enter the point size (from 10 to 24 points) for the axes labels and titles. Choose none, thin, or thick for the axes on the graph. Choose dotted, lined, or blank for the background of the graph. Check the Invisible box to hide the background when you place the graph in a test item.

Changing the Size of the Graph Window You can adjust the size of the Graph window to show more or less of each axis used in the graph. In the Windows version, one way to change the size is to grab the lower-right corner of the Graph window and drag it to the desired location. In both Windows and Macintosh versions, you can double-click the Graph window to open the Resize dialog in which you can specify the width and height of the window. Try to make the graphic only as large as necessary in order to save disk space and printing time. For consistency, use the standard default size of the Graph window.

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The Set Up Graphs Window You use the Set Up Graphs window to define and display the functions or other items that can appear in the Graph window.

Selecting a graph type from the Add menu, opens a dialog in which you can define the graph. The Add menu varies, depending on which grid type you have chosen. Add Menu (Cartesian) The Add menu lets you choose what to plot on the Cartesian grid. Depending on your choice, the appropriate dialog opens to let you define the mathematical function or relation. y= x= Parabola Enter an equation in terms of x. Enter an equation in terms of y. Choose one of the four forms of the equation. Equations that include a, but not h and k, have vertex at (0, 0). Equations that include h and k have vertex at (h, k). Enter values for a or a, h, and k. Choose one of the two forms of the equation. Equations that include r, but not h and k, have center at (0, 0). Equations that include h and k have center at (h, k). Enter values for r, or r, h, and k. Choose one of the four forms of the equation. Equations that include a and b, but not h and k, have center at (0, 0). Equations that include h and k and center at (h, k). Enter values for a and b, or a, b, h, and k. Choose one of the four forms of the equation. Equations that include a and b, but not h and k, have center at (0, 0). Equations that include h and k and center at (h, k). Enter values for a and b, or a, b, h, and k. Enter coordinates for x and y. Choose style and labeling preferences. Enter the coordinates for the two endpoints. Choose style and labeling. Enter your choice of points, critical points, zeros, or zeros of the second derivative to define and graph a smooth polynomial curve. Enter two equations in terms of t. Enter minimum and maximum for values of t. 95

Circle

Ellipse

Hyperbola

Point (x, y) Segment Smooth Curve Parametric

Normal Curve Label (x,y)

Enter the mean and standard deviation to plot a normal curve. Enter coordinates for x and y along with the text you want to appear at the label location (32 characters max).

Add Menu (Polar) The Add menu lets you choose what to plot on the polar grid. Depending on your choice, the appropriate dialog opens to let you define the mathematical function or relation. r= Point (r, theta) Enter a function use theta as the variable. To type a theta symbol, press Alt-o (lowercase o as in toy). Enter the coordinates of the point (r, theta). Choose style and labeling preferences.

Add Menu (Number Line) The Add menu lets you choose what to plot on the number line. Depending on your choice, the appropriate dialog opens to let you define the mathematical function or relation. Point Segment Ray Line Enter the coordinates of a point on the number line. Choose style and labeling preferences. Enter the coordinates of two points on the number line. Choose style and labeling preferences. Enter the coordinates of the endpoint. Also choose whether you want the ray to point left or right. Pick a pattern and color for the line.

Delete Button To remove an item from the Set Up Graphs window, click once on the item's description to select it, and then click Delete. Trace Button To see the coordinates for a point on any of the functions displayed in the Cartesian or polar Graph window, click the Trace button so that it says Trace On. The words Trace coordinates appear at the top of the Graph window. Click on the description of the function you want to trace. Then use the left and right arrow keys to move the crosshairs along the graph and view the coordinates of the point. To make the crosshairs move a bigger step, hold down the [Shift] key when you press the right or left arrow key. If a graph has two branches, such as in a hyperbola, press the [Tab] key to move the crosshairs from one branch of the graph to the other. This also works for circles and ellipses. To move the crosshairs to a different graph, click on its description in the Set Up Graphs window. You may need to press the right or left arrow key several times to make the crosshairs appear for any given graph. Compound Button When you graph two or more inequalities, you can shade the intersection of the graphs by using the Compound button. First define the inequalities, but do not graph them. Then click the Compound button and choose which inequalities you want to compound. When you click OK, the compounded statement appears in the Set Up Graphs window. Click the check box and then Apply to see the intersection of the two graphs. 96

Defining Functions On many of the function definition windows, there are pull-down menus that let you make adjustments to the graph youve defined. Relation Menu Many equations can be defined as either equalities or inequalities. To choose the relation you want to graph, select a symbol from the Relation menu. Pattern Menu You can graph lines and curves as solid lines with a dashed pattern. Make your choice from the Pattern menu. Color Menu You can graph points, lines, and curves in black or colors selected from the Color menu. Note: Colored items print as shades of gray if you do not use a color printer for your test. Shade Menu When graphing an inequality, you can choose a pattern for the shading that shows which side of the curve or line is included in the graph. Make your selection from the Shade menu. Entering a Function To type a function or relation, type the numbers and letters from the keyboard. Some symbols can be typed with a combination of keys from the keyboard: infinity theta pi e fraction exponent Type Alt-i (Win) or Option-i (Mac) Type Alt-o or Option-o Type Alt-p or Option-p Type Alt-e or Option-l (Use the letter l, not the number 1.) Type a slash for the fraction bar. Use parentheses where needed to group symbols. Type the caret (^) symbol to indicate exponentiation.

Using Built-In Functions Some symbols are already defined in the list on the right side of each function definition window. Scroll to the symbol you want and click on it to make it part of your equation. Continuity To decrease the time it takes to graph a function, select the appropriate description of its continuity. If you do not know whether a function is continuous, click the radio button for Might be Continuous". Domain Specify the domain you want to use for any graph by entering a Minimum and Maximum value for the x variable. In most cases, you will want the domain of the function or relation to stretch from -inf to +inf, which are the defaults for the Minimum and Maximum values. Speed vs. Accuracy The sliding accuracy scale on some dialogs lets you choose to display a graph faster or with more accuracy. If you choose Faster", the program will plot fewer points to display the graph. If you choose More accurate", the program will plot more points to display the graph. In some cases, it will take slightly more time to plot a graph more accurately. In many cases, you will not notice a distinct time difference between the settings.

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Using Variables in Questions

To add more variability to questions in a testbank or on a test, you can include variable text or numbers in questions. Questions that include variable text or numbers are useful when you plan to print multiple forms of a test, use a test with QuizMaster for network testing, or use a test in a web-based testing environment that uses the TestGen plug-in. A Lesson on Using Variables Using a simple example, the question, "Find the sum of 6 and 9." is a static question that is always the same and always has the answer 15. But if 6 and 9 are replaced by variables, then the question, "Find the sum of V1 and V2." represents 5 different problems when V1, V2, and V3 (the answer) are defined as this set of linked variables: V1 = 5,6,7,8,9 V2 = 7,5,8,6,9 V3 = 12,11,15,14,18 When V1 is 7, then V2 is 8 and V3, the answer, is 15. Each time the problem is printed, V1, V2, and V3 can have a different set of values, depending on which value is randomly selected for V1. Using Randomized Variables In the Question Editor, the V button, the Var button, and #Var are all related to the randomized variable feature. Select Show Symbols from the Tools menu to display these buttons at the top of the Question Editor window. Inserting Variables In the question or answer field, move the cursor to the location at which you want to insert a variable and click the V button. Choose a variable from V1 to V20. Type the rest of the question or answer, inserting additional variables as needed where you want words or numbers to be variable.

Variables that are inserted in questions before their values have been defined on the Variable Definition worksheet are displayed as undefined." Defining and Linking Variables Each variable you insert into a question needs to have defined values, which can be either words or numbers. To define variable values, click the Var button to display the Variable Definitions worksheet. 98

Click in the field where you want to type and enter the values for the variable. Separate values by typing [Control] [X] to insert a bullet symbol ( ). The value for each variable is randomly chosen from the set of values you enter on the worksheet unless the variable is linked to another variable. To link values, enter the same number in the Link column for all the variables that are dependent on each other. The example above shows that variables 1 and 2 are linked, so that if 4 is selected for V1, then the value of V2 is 10,000. If the variables were not linked, then the values would be selected randomly from each list and would produce incorrect answers in the problem. Viewing Variables When you define values for the variables in a problem, the Question Editor window replaces the variable with one of the defined values. You can switch between two views of the question by clicking the View button. One mode shows the variable names, and the other shows the variable values. Here is an example of the two modes for a question: V1 told V3 V4 that V2 had been V4 V5. Brenda told her friends that she had been in Florida on Friday. Note: When you use the View button in the editor window to view variable names, the names for variables created in the variable worksheet are preceded by a $ sign, for example v($1) or v($2) to indicate that they are user-created string variables rather than publisher-supplied algorithmically calculated variables, which are shown, for example, as v(1) or v(2). Number of Variations The #Var information at the top of the Question Editor window tells how many variations are available for the current question. If the question does not include any variables, then the #Var equals 1. When variables are included in the question, the number of variations can range anywhere from 1 to 50+ (more than 50), depending on the number of variables and the range for each variable. You can display the number of variations for questions in Outline or Question view of a testbank or test by using the Display Options dialog. Check the box next to #Var to show this information below each question. Regenerating Variables To regenerate the values of the variables defined for a question in the Question Editor, select Regenerate from the Tools menu or use the keyboard shortcut [Ctrl] [R] in Windows or [Apple]-[R] in Macintosh.

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Deleting Variables To delete a variable, move the cursor to the right of the variable and press the [Backspace] (or [Delete]) key. You can also select the variable and then select Cut from the Edit menu. Deleting or cutting a variable from a question does not remove its definition from the Variable Definitions worksheet. Uneditable Variables In testbanks prepared by the publisher, the variables used in algorithmic questions are uneditable. These variables are associated with mathematical calculations that use features beyond the scope of the published version of TestGen. The publisher-defined variables are displayed on the screen as v's with reference numbers, such as v(1) or v(2), in contrast to the user-created variables that are shown as v($1) or v($2). Caution: Moving or deleting algorithmically generated variables will usually invalidate the mathematical calculations in the question or answer and the question will become incorrect and unusable. Alternate Display of Negative Numbers When requested by the publisher, some testbanks, such as those for accounting, will programmatically display variable negative numbers using parentheses rather than a negative sign. Both the negative sign and the parentheses are considered to be part of the algorithmically generated number and cannot be edited.

Regenerating and Locking Variables

Regenerating and locking variable values are two procedures that apply only to testbank and test questions that use randomized variables in questions, usually for mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, or chemistry. One way to see if a question is static or variable is to display the # of Variations descriptor; if the number is larger than 1, the question has more than one variation, and you can regenerate values.

On tests, you can use the "Variant Status" display option to mark the variable questions. It displays a downward pointing arrowhead (d) next to any question that contains variables (algorithmic). Regenerating Variables on a Test When you transfer variable or algorithmic questions from a testbank to a test, the test questions contain the same variable values as shown in the testbank. In the Test window, you can regenerate these values by selecting one or more questions and clicking the Regenerate button or selecting Regenerate from the Tools menu. The variable values change to a different set of numbers or words, and the values you see on-screen are the same as what will be on the printed test. If you print more than one form of a test, you can either keep these values or have them regenerate from form to form. Locking Values for Selected Test Questions If questions on a test contain variables and you want to print multiple forms of the test and regenerate the variable values, but you want to keep some values static, then select those questions and use the Lock button. An upward pointing arrow (c) appears next to the question(s) you selected to indicate that the question is variant, but the values are locked. 100

To unlock a question and make it variable again, select the question and click the Lock button again Note: The variant status and locked values symbols do not print on a test. Regenerating Variables in a Testbank In testbanks that contain questions that include variable text or numbers, the numbers displayed in the testbank are saved with the testbank. Variable values can be regenerated when the questions are transferred to a test. They can also be regenerated in the testbank to display different text or numbers. To regenerate the values, switch to Question view; select the chapter, section, or question you want to regenerate; and click the Regenerate button or selecting Regenerate from the Tools menu.

Using the Macro Editor

Frequent users of the TestGen Question Editor can set up speed keys to insert often used text, graphics, graphs, templates, or expressions into test questions. Select Macro Editor from the Tools menu to open the Macro Editor window.

On the drop-down menu for Function Keys, select the key you want to define, from F1 through F24. (F13 through F24 correspond to Shift-F1 through Shift-F12.) In the edit box, enter the text, expression, or graphic that you want to insert when you press the named function key. Use the symbol palettes and ruler in the Macro Editor to take advantage of the full editing capabilities of the Question Editor. In the example above, the F3 key is set up to insert the quadratic equation each time you press the F3 key in the Question Editor. 101

Customizing Testbanks
Testbanks have a flexible organization that is easy to change to fit your course and the way you teach. Caution: Using the following functions changes the format or contents of a testbank and in some cases takes a while to complete. However, all of the procedures, except Cut and Delete, are reversible. As a precaution, you might want to make a backup copy of your testbank (the .BOK file) before you use these procedures. Moving, Adding, and Deleting Items in a Testbank You can modify a testbank by adding, moving, or deleting questions, sections, or chapters. For information on adding chapters, sections, and questions, refer to the section Creating a New Testbank. Moving Questions, Sections, or Chapters To modify an existing testbank to change the order of the chapters, or to rearrange subsections or questions within a chapter, use cut-and-paste or drag-and-drop. You can move individual questions or groups of selected questions while in Outline view or in Question view. To move chapters or sections, click the Mode button until the testbank is in Outline view. To move any object (chapter, section, or question), select it (chapter title, section title, or question ID) and do one of the following: Select Cut from the Edit menu. Then select (click on) the new location in the testbank and choose Insert After. The cut item is inserted below the chapter, section, or question you have selected. Note: The item selected as the insertion point must be the same type of item that was cut. For example, select the title for Chapter 5 and choose Cut. Select the title for Chapter 3 and choose Insert After. Chapter 5 and all of its questions are inserted after Chapter 3 and renumbered as Chapter 4. Other chapters below are automatically renumbered. Drag the selected item(s) by holding down the mouse button and moving the pointer until the insertion line is where you want the items to be. Chapter titles can be moved above or below other chapter titles. Section titles can be moved within chapters as well as into other chapters; be sure to do this in Outline view. Questions can be moved within sections or chapters as well as into other chapters; also do this in Outline view.

Deleting Questions, Sections, or Chapters To delete chapters, sections, or questions from a testbank, select the object or objects (chapters, sections, or questions, or question IDs) you want to delete, and click the Delete button in TestGen, select Delete from the Edit menu, or press the [Delete] key on the keyboard. TestGen prompts you to confirm that you want to delete what you selected. Editing Titles To modify any of the titles in the testbank, select the title you want to change, and then click the Modify button or select Modify from the Edit menu. This opens an editing window in which you can change the text. Click OK when you are done editing the title or Cancel to exit without changes. Modifying Testbank Format To change the font, font size, style, or color of any of the titles, descriptors, explanations, or question numbers in the testbank, select the Format command from the Setup menu.

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Creating a New Testbank

If you are a testbank author or if you want to create a new testbank that contains your own questions, select New Book from the File menu. Testbank Name When the file dialog opens, be sure the folder that contains the TestGen program is selected and then enter a name for the new testbank. Each TestGen testbank uses the extension .BOK.

Number of Levels After you name the testbank file, you need to select the number of levels the testbank will have.

To determine the number of levels in the testbank, decide how the testbank outline or table of contents will be organized. The number of levels most commonly used is 2 or 3, although 1 is also a possibility. A one-level testbank would have only chapter titles with question IDs below each chapter titles; there would be no subheads. A two-level testbank would have chapter titles with subheadings below to categorize the questions, usually by question type.

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Sample Organization with Two Levels Main heading 1 Subheading 1 Question 1 Question 2 Subheading 2 Question 1 Question 2 Main heading 2 and so on

Finance Testbank Chapter 1 Multiple Choice Questions finance 1.1-1 finance 1.1-2 True/False Questions finance 1.2-1 finance 1.2-2 Chapter 2 and so on

A three-level testbank would have chapter titles, followed by secondary headings, followed by a third level of headings, with questions under each three-level heading. This type of organization is usually used for math testbanks for chapters that are divided into sections and objectives. Sample Organization with Three Levels Main heading 1 Secondary heading 1 Subheading 1 Question 1 Question 2 Subheading 2 Question 1 Question 2 Secondary heading 2 Subheading 1 Question 1 Question 2 Subheading 2 Question 1 Question 2 Main heading 2 and so on Math Testbank Chapter 1 Section 1.1 Objective 1 math 1.1.1-1 math 1.1.1-2 Objective 2 math 1.1.2-1 math 1.1.2-2 Section 1.2 Objective 1 math 1.2.1-1 math 1.2.1-2 Objective 2 math 1.2.2-1 math 1.2.2-2 Chapter 2 and so on

Click Create New Book to confirm the number of levels and proceed to the Testbank Setup dialog. Note: The number of levels for a testbank cannot be changed once a testbank is created.

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Testbank Setup Dialog After you choose the number of levels for the testbank, the Testbank Setup dialog opens. You can reopen this dialog at any time by selecting Format from the Setup menu. In this dialog, you enter the book information and set the fonts, type sizes, and styles for the headings, descriptors, and outline that are displayed in the Testbank window.

Testbank Name and Abbreviation In the Book Name box, enter the testbank title, which will appear in the title bar at the top of the Testbank window. The maximum length is about 60 characters. In the Book Abbreviation field, enter a short abbreviation for the book title that will be used as part of the unique question ID assigned to each question in the testbank. Use eight or fewer characters for the short book name. TestGen uses the book abbreviation and the number of the levels to create the unique ID for each question. The question ID psych 1.1-5 refers to the fifth question in chapter 1, under subheading 1 of the book with short name psych." Testbank Format The bottom portion of the Testbank Setup dialog lets you assign fonts, sizes, colors, and styles for the outline headings, descriptors, explanations, and question numbers that are displayed in the Testbank window. To define the style for each testbank level or item, click the radio button next to the item and set the formatting attributes. You will see the effects of your selections in the Style Sample Window. All the styles use the TestGen font, tgeqa, by default.

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Outline Prefixes and Automatic Numbering For the outline levels, in the Prefix box, type any text you want to precede each level of heading when it is shown on the screen. To use automatic numbering, use <L1#> as a variable to represent the level 1 number", <L2#> to represent the level 2 number", and so on. Do not enter the actual titles here because you will enter them in the Testbank window, after the Testbank Setup dialog closes. Setting the Level 1 prefix as Chapter <L1#> automatically prints the word Chapter and sequentially numbered chapter numbers in front of the chapter titles. Setting the Level 2 prefix as <L1#>.<L2#> automatically numbers the subheadings as 1.1, 1.2, and so on. If you add, delete, or rearrange chapters or sections, the automatic sequential numbering changes based on the new table of contents or outline. To begin numbering chapter titles or sections with a number other than 1, insert + or - and a number after the # sign inside the brackets. For example, to make the first chapter Chapter 0 instead of Chapter 1, enter Chapter <L1# -1> for the Level 1 prefix in the Testbank Setup dialog. Adding Titles and Questions When you click OK on the Testbank Setup dialog, the new Testbank window opens in Outline view. Click the arrow at the left of the chapter title and the subheading(s) to display the subheading(s) and first question ID. The Testbank window contains a heading for each level you defined in the Testbank Setup dialog, including prefixes and numbers.

Editing Titles To modify or add a title for any of the levels, click once to select the heading. Then click the Modify button in the main program window or select Modify from the Edit menu. The Edit Section Heading window opens as shown here.

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Enter the chapter or section title in the editing window. If the title includes a symbol you cannot type from the keyboard, click one of the symbol palettes at the top of the editing window and choose the symbol you want to insert at the cursor location. These are the same symbol palettes found in the Question Editor. (See page 83 for instructions on how to insert foreign language characters.) Click OK to save the heading and close the editing window. In the Testbank window, you will see the title along with the automatic prefix you set up in the Testbank Setup dialog. Enter or edit other titles/headings in the same way. Adding Questions The first question ID in a new testbank is a dummy question that serves as a placeholder until you create your first question. To edit the first question to a testbank, double-click on the first question ID that is displayed below the lowest level heading. This will open the Question Editor where you can type the question after choosing the question type you want. To add a second question under the same heading, select the first question ID and click the Add in the main program window or select Add After from the Edit menu. The Question Editor opens so you can type a new question. Continue to add questions under the same heading until you are ready to add a new heading. Adding Chapter and Section Titles To add new chapters or headings within a chapter, put the testbank in Outline view and go to the part of the testbank where you want to add a chapter or subheading. If you want to add Chapter 2, click once on the title for Chapter 1, then select Add After from the Edit menu or click the Add button in the main program window. The program inserts a dummy chapter after Chapter 1 and also inserts dummy subheadings and one dummy question at the lowest level of the outline.

You need to edit each title and also edit the dummy question to make it your first new question in Chapter 2. Add new subheadings in the same way, by selecting a subheading and clicking the Add button to add an untitled subheading below the selected subheading. Note: You can only add objects that are at the same level as the object selected. For example, if you have a chapter title selected and you click the Add button, TestGen adds a new chapter heading. If you have a question ID selected and you click the Add button, TestGen adds a new blank question.

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Global Style Replacement

Select Global Style Replacement from the Setup menu to change the base font, type size, style, and color for selected parts of a testbank or test.

First, select the check boxes in the upper half of the window to put an X next to each component of the testbank you want to change. Then, click the attribute you want to change for the selected components. When you are ready, click the Reformat All Matching Text button. There will be a pause while the program makes the changes you requested. You can make one change at a time or make several changes at once, and you can repeat the global style replacement process as many times as desired, with different settings each time. Caution: The global style replacement changes the selected components in the entire testbank and cannot be undone with the Undo button.

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Default Styles for the Question Editor

Select Editor Default Styles from TestGen's Setup menu to change the base font, type size, style, and color for new questions that are added to a testbank or test.

To set the default styles for the Instruction, Question, or Answer fields in the question editors, click one of the radio buttons and select a font, size, style, and/or color from the pull-down menus. You can see the effect of your choices in the Style Sample window. Note: The settings affect all the new questions you add, but do not affect questions that are already part of the testbank or test. To change the fonts and styles for existing questions, select the Global Style Replacement option from the Setup menu.

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TestGen Tools
This chapter describes keyboard shortcuts for TestGen, the TestGen Preferences dialog, the spell checking tool, the Find and Replace option, and the TestGen plug-in.

Keyboard Shortcuts
Many of the options that are on TestGen menus and buttons have a keyboard shortcut to provide faster access to each function. Some keyboard shortcuts are specific to the computer platform you are using. Windows Shortcuts You can display pull-down menus for the active window by using the [Alt] key in combination with the underlined letter in the name of the menu. Once a menu is displayed, activate any option on the menu by typing its underlined letter. For example, to view a testbank in Question view, display the View menu by pressing the [Alt] key and typing [V]. Next, type [Q] because it is the underlined letter for that menu item. Press the [Esc] key to close the menu. When using Windows, you may press [F1] to access Help and [Alt][F4] to exit the program. You may use the [Delete] key to permanently delete the selected chapters, sections, or questions from a testbank, or to delete the selected questions from a test. Windows and Macintosh Menu Shortcuts The following letters, in combination with the [Ctrl] key (Windows) or the Command key (Apple)] (Macintosh), perform these menu functions. [A] Add [B] Bold [C] Copy [D] Delete [E] Expand Level [G] Graph [I] Italic [J] Jump [K] Collapse All [L] Spell [M] Modify [N] New Test [O] Open Test [P] Print [Q] Quit (Mac only) [R] Regenerate [S] Save, Save As [T] Transfer [U] Underline [V] Paste, Insert [W] Close/Save Changes [X] Cut [Z] Undo

[PgDn]/[PgUp] Move to next/previous question in the Question Editor, window in testbank, or page of a test Shortcuts in the Question Editor [Ctrl][Tab]] Move from field to field in the Question Editor [Shift][Ctrl][Tab] Move back or up a field in the Question Editor [F1],...[F12] Insert text, symbols, expressions, graphics defined in the Macro Editor in the Question Editor

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TestGen Preferences
The following general settings let you customize your version of TestGen according to your preferences. To change these settings, select Preferences from the Setup menu. Preferences for File Locations

Enter or browse to the location where you want TestGen to look the first time you open or save a testbank or test during a session. The default location for testbanks is the TestGen program folder. The default location for tests is the Tests folder in the TestGen program folder. If you open from or "save as" to another location during any session, TestGen remembers and returns to the last-used location each time you open or save a testbank or test. Preferences for Multiple-Choice Answer Choices

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Do Not Display Answer Choices in Testbank In most cases, when in Question view, you see the answer choices for multiple-choice and bimodal questions. To fit more questions on the screen, in testbanks in which the answer choices are not needed in order to select questions, you can check this preference to display only the question stem and no answer choices in the Testbank window. This setting affects only testbank display. Shuffle Answer Choices on Transfer A setting in the TestGen Preferences dialog lets you decide whether to allow multiple-choice answers to automatically shuffle when multiple-choice questions are transferred from a testbank to a test. To access the Preferences dialog, select Preferences from the Setup menu. If Shuffle on Transfer is checked, the order of the answer choices in a test question is different from the order of choices in the testbank, although the correct answer given in the test's answer key is still correct. If Shuffle on Transfer is not checked, the order of the answer choices for a test question will be the same as in the testbank. (Answer choices such as all of the above or Both A and B are usually locked into place in the Question Editor.) Stack Answer Choices in One Column By default, answer choices for multiple-choice and bimodal questions are arranged in columns whenever possible in order to save paper. If you want the answer choices to be stacked in a single column, select this preference. Otherwise, the answer choices are arranged horizontally across the page in two to five columns, depending on the width of the widest answer. This setting applies to tests as well as testbanks. Add Vertical Space Between Answer Choices Check this box to increase the amount of space between multiple-choice and bimodal answer choices. This setting applies to testbanks as well as tests. Preferences for Graphics Positioning in the Question Editor Each graphic you import can be inserted as a text character or as a transparent object. You can select one of these as a global attribute for graphics by selecting Preferences from the Setup menu.

Insert Graphics as Text Characters Choose this option if you want graphics to be inserted as text characters, so the graphic becomes part of the paragraph of text and can be positioned in the same way as other text. It moves if spaces, tabs, or carriage returns are inserted or deleted before the graphic. No text can print in the same space as the graphic.

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Insert Graphics as Transparent Objects Choose this option to import graphics as transparent objects so text characters you type on the same line as a graphic print in the same space as the graphic. The text you type will be visible as it flows over the graphic image. The graphic will not move when spaces, tabs, or carriage returns are added to the text. Transparent graphics are positioned at the upper-left corner of the field in which they're placed. To reposition a transparent graphic, select Edit Transparent Graphic from the Tools menu in the Question Editor. Choose the graphic you want to move from the given list, and then click the Position button. This opens a dialog in which you can enter different values for the location of the upper-left corner of the graphic, causing it to move in the Question Editor field. Ask Every Time Click this choice if you do not want to have a global setting for how graphics should be treated and want TestGen to ask you to assign a graphic attribute every time you insert a graphic into a question. Preferences for Number Formatting

To allow for different styles of number formatting that are used in countries around the world, TestGen allows you to choose how digits of numbers should be grouped and displayed. Select Preferences from the Setup menu for a testbank and view or change the settings in the Number Formatting section of the dialog. Digit Grouping Symbol The default is to use a comma to set off every three digits in a number larger than 999. Decimal Symbol The default is to use a period (.) to separate the whole number and the decimal portion of a number. Start Grouping at Ten Thousands Place Check this box to start using the digit grouping symbol only with numbers larger than 9999. This means that four-digit whole numbers will not display any digit grouping (4000 rather than 4,000). Show Grouping After Decimal Point Check this box to display the digit grouping symbol after the decimal point.

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Resetting TestGen
If at any time you would like to restore all of TestGen's original settings, select "Reset TestGen" from the Setup menu. This will affect a number of settings and preferences, including, but not limited to: default paths for saving and opening testbanks and tests test type preferences testbank and test display options wizard, transfer, and scramble preferences question editor display options graphics preferences.

Resetting TestGen, does NOT reset or change your password.

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Spell Checker
You can open TestGens built-in spell checker by selecting Spell from the Tools menu in the main program window of TestGen. Choose whether you want to check the entire testbank (Check all) or only the selected section of the testbank. Click the Options button to select which components of the testbank you'd like to checkquestions, answers, instructions, titles, and other parts of the testbank.

Click the Start button to begin looking for spelling mistakes. Any misspelled words will appear and suggestions for the correct spelling might also appear. Click on any of the suggestions to place it in the Change to area and click the Replace button to replace the misspelled word. To replace all occurrences of the word found in the selected part of the test or testbank, click Replace All. If the spell checker finds a word that is OK to leave as is, but you do not want to find it again or add it to your user dictionary, click the Skip button. If there is a word that is spelled correctly but the spell checker does not recognize it, click the Learn button to add the word to your user dictionary.

Find and Replace

Select Find and Replace from the Tools menu to look for or replace text in a testbank or test. You can check the selected testbank or test items or the entire document. Click the Options button to limit which elements to search during the find and replace operation. The context window gives the location and a portion of the text that contains found words or phrases. 115

Printing Testbanks
To print a testbank, be sure the Testbank window is active and set the window to either Outline view or Question view. Then select Print from the File menu to display the Testbank Print Settings dialog.

Setting the Testbank Print Options

Print Window Contents If the testbank is in Question view, the program will print all the questions in the section that is currently displayed in the Testbank window. If the testbank is in Outline view, the program prints the outline for the book as it is shown in the Testbank window. Print Selected Questions This option prints only those testbank questions that are selected in the Testbank window. To select items in Outline view or Question view, hold down the [Shift] or [Ctrl] key and click one or more questions or question IDs in the expanded outline. If you select a chapter or section title instead of individual questions, then all the questions in the selected chapter(s) or section(s) will be printed. Print a Range of Chapters This option lets you print all the questions from one or more chapters in a testbank. Click the radio button and enter a single chapter number or a range of chapter numbers to print. Note that questions print with answers and descriptive information only if you have this information displayed on-screen. You can select items to print in the Testbank Display Options dialog, which opens from the Display button or by selecting Display from the Setup menu. Number for First Page Enter a starting number for the page numbers that will print headers or footers you have set up to include automatic page numbering. Setting the Page Setup Options If you want to set the paper size, margins, orientation, or scaling that will be used when you print a testbank, select Page Setup from the File menu. This is the standard Page Setup dialog for your printer.

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Testbank Headers and Footers

Headers and footers appear at the top and bottom of each printed page when you print a testbank. The Header and Footer Editor lets you insert text, symbols, or math expressions, and graphics into the headers and footers used for testbank printing. When the Testbank window is active, select Modify Headers and Footers from the Setup menu to display the Header and Footer Editor.

Buttons at the top of the window let you insert a placeholder for automatic page numbering and the current date. The page number placeholder is 999, but it is replaced with the actual page number when you print the testbank. The starting page number is 1 or a number you enter on the Testbank Print dialog. Odd headers and footers are printed on each odd-numbered page, while even headers and footers are printed on each even-numbered page when you print the testbank.

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QuizMaster and the QuizMaster Utility

About QuizMaster
The QuizMaster student testing program is designed as a companion product for Tamarack's TestGen software to provide a way for students to take tests on a computer network and to allow instructors to view and print reports based on the results of such tests. Instructors can create tests with the TestGen program and save the tests in QuizMaster format so they can be used with the QuizMaster program to display test questions on a computer, receive student answers, and show the results in both on-screen and printed reports. The TestGen program also gives instructors access to the QuizMaster Utility program in which they can set preferences for the availability of a test, customize grading scale, and view and print reports for students, classes, and courses. The reports show records of student IDs and passwords, raw and percent scores, lists of missed objectives, recommendations for restudy, and statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, and letter-grade frequencies. Features of QuizMaster The following lists identify some of the many useful features of the QuizMaster and the QuizMaster Utility programs. For student use: Students can easily sign-on, select a test, move from question to question, mark and review questions, and view or print their scores at the end of the test. Students can see and/or print a list of the objectives or topics mastered and missed so that missed objectives can be restudied. Students can, when allowed by the instructor, print a list of questions they missed on a test. Students can take tests at the same time or at different times to make the best use of computer resources.

Many Instructor options: Instructors can set a time limit for tests so that all students take the test under the same conditions. Instructors can give students access to an online calculator during the test to help with calculations. Instructors can set up or modify grading scales to assign grades for each test.

Easy setup and maintenance of student record and tests: Instructors can use the import option to preregister students by name, class, and course. Records can be erased for completed classes or students who drop a class. Tests created with TestGen can include randomized numbers, graphics, and user-added questions.

A variety of reporting options: All reports are available in both on-screen and printed reports. 118 Reports based on scores can be sorted by student name, ID, percent score, or objective. Reports based on objectives allow instructors to evaluate the needs of students as individuals or as a group.

For security: Test questions appear in random order (and with randomized numbers, when available) so students who are sitting next to each other in the computer lab cannot share answers. Instructors have the option to save and review an exact copy of the last test taken by each student in the course. Student records and instructor files are kept confidential and secure by a simple, yet effective password system with encoded files. The option to use a proctor password provides even more security when students sign on to take a test. Network compatibility provides a paper- and disk-free environment for test taking and scoring.

System Requirements The QuizMaster Utility program is built into TestGen and has the same system requirements as the TestGen program. The QuizMaster student program requires the program to be installed on workstations attached to a local area network.

How Instructors Use QuizMaster

Instructors use the QuizMaster Utility program to view and print the results of the tests taken by their students at the computer. In addition, instructors can use the utility program to specify a grading scale for tests, set the remediation percent, set a time limit for tests, turn the calculator feature on or off, and maintain the stored records. Starting the Utility Program Be sure you have installed the TestGen program, which includes the QuizMaster Utility program and that you have linked the QuizMaster Utility program to the QuizMaster student program. When you start the TestGen, program you can go directly to the QuizMaster Utility program

Or, from the TestGen File menu, select Start QuizMaster Utility." Choosing a Course and Section The first time you run the QuizMaster Utility, you will be able to enter a list of the courses and sections that will be used for your course. Click the New button to add a course and section and enter the instructor name. To continue adding sections, select Set Course and Section from the Reports menu. After the first time you run the utility, the course and section lists appear each time you sign on and you can choose the course and section for which you would like to view or print reports. 119

Opening a Test In order to view records and print reports for a class or course, you must first choose a QuizMaster test. Note: If you do not want to open a test right away, you can click Cancel to use the QuizMaster Utility menus. Some choices on the QuizMaster Utility menus do not require a test to be open, but to view reports of student scores, you need to open a test.

How Students Use QuizMaster

Students use the QuizMaster program to take tests at the computer and to view, print, or save the results. The procedure involves starting the QuizMaster program, signing on, opening a test, answering the test questions, and then viewing or printing results. Prior to student use, you must ensure that the QuizMaster program is correctly installed and configured to communicate with the QuizMaster Utility program, to create a test for the student to take, and to provide instructions for the student and/or proctor about how to use QuizMaster. Starting QuizMaster When you are ready to have students use QuizMaster to take a test, students should start the QuizMaster program from computer workstations on a local area network. Provide instructions for them to locate the QuizMaster application on the server, or instruct them where to find a shortcut or alias to start the program. After starting the program, students see the program title and then the Welcome to QuizMaster! window which gives an overview of what the QuizMaster program does. Signing On as a Student After the welcome window, when the QuizMaster program begins, students see a Student Sign-On dialog in which they need to select their course and section from the Course/Section window.

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If a student's course and section are not on the list, as will happen in the case of the first student to sign on for a particular course and section, the student should click the New button to add a new course and section, as well as his or her ID and password.

The course and section information that the student enters will appear in the list that is displayed for additional students. You may want to give instructions to your students or to the lab instructor as to how you want the course and section information to appear. Course The course name can be any designation for the course that is 8 or fewer characters in length. It is used to group students who are taking the same course. Section The class or section name can be any designation for the class that is 6 or fewer characters in length. It is used to group the records of students who are in the same class or section. ID The student ID can be any combination of 11 or fewer characters. You may want students to use their social security numbers or ID numbers assigned by the school. It is essential that each student uses a unique ID number not assigned to any other student who will be using the QuizMaster program. Although two students may have the same name, they cannot use the same ID. The ID and password identify and keep separate each student's records. Password Each student should use a secret password of his or her choosing and up to 6 characters in length to sign onto QuizMaster. Students need to remember their passwords and use them each time they sign onto QuizMaster, but passwords should not be posted or disclosed so that student records will be kept safe and inaccessible. The instructor has access to the list of passwords through the QuizMaster Utility program. Date The date will be supplied by the program and should be accurate if the date has been properly set in the computer. If it is not accurate, students should correct the date set in the computer. After the student has finished entering the course, section, ID, password and has confirmed the date, clicking OK opens a dialog in which he or she enters his or her full name.

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Name During the first sign-on, the student enters his or her name using a first name, middle initial (optional), and last name. The name appears in the Name/ID list for the student to choose at each subsequent sign-on. The name also appears on all printed and on-screen reports generated by QuizMaster. After a student selects his or her course and section from the list, the student selects his or her name and ID from the list of students who have already registered for the course. The student also enters a password.

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Password If a student enters a password that does not match what was entered previously, the program gives the student two more tries to enter the correct password before the program must be restarted. The student can also click Cancel to return to the Name/ID window if an incorrect name was chosen by mistake. Changing a Password If a student has previously registered a password and would like to change it, he or she can click the Change Password button on the sign-on dialog. The student needs to enter his or her current password, enter the new password, and re-enter the new password. The program will check to see whether the student's current password is valid before accepting the new password. Selecting a Test When sign-on and setup are complete, the student needs to select a test. The Available Tests list shows the names of the tests that the instructor has posted for the student's course and for the current date and time.

Note: If the instructor saved more than one version of a test, a version will randomly be chosen for the student and the student will not be aware of which version he or she has been given. At this point, if the instructor has chosen a proctor password, the student needs to have the password entered by the lab proctor. Then the student sees the Test Information window, which gives information about the course, section, test name, instructor, and test time limits. Messages to the student from the instructor appear in the scrollable text area. If no Proctor Password is used, the test loads immediately after the student selects the test from the list.

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Buttons at the bottom of the Test Information window give the student access to user help, the mail system, and a report of scores for tests previously taken. Click OK to start the test. Taking a Test Test questions appear in multiple-choice or true-false format one at a time on the screen. The student answers each question by clicking on the answer-choice button or by typing the letter of the desired answer choice. The background screen color indicates whether the test is graded (peach/coral) or for practice (yellow/gold).

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Viewing Questions Clicking Next or pressing [Enter] or [Return] lets the student proceed to the next question. Clicking Prev displays the previous question. Students can skip questions and return to them to enter an answer at a later time. If a question contains a long paragraph of text or a figure that is too long to fit on one screen, the student can use the vertical and/or horizontal scroll bars to see the missing part of the question. Time Remaining Indicator If the instructor has set a time limit for the test, the time remaining for the test is displayed at the top of the question window and the timer counts down, minute-by-minute, as the student works through the questions on the test. A few minutes before the end of the test, at a predetermined time set by the instructor, the program warns the student that only a few minutes remain to complete the test. At the end of the time limit, the program stops the test and displays the diagnostic report where the student can view or print the results of the test just taken. Online Calculator The Calc button gives students access to a calculator when the instructor has turned on the calculator feature and the use of a calculator is appropriate for the current problem type. When the student clicks Calc, the program displays a simple calculator that can be used to complete any calculations needed for the test. When the student clicks the Off button on the calculator or uses the close box, he or she returns to the test question.

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Note: The calculator can be turned on or off at the discretion of the instructor by using the Allow Calculator option in the QuizMaster Utility program. Marked Answers A student can click the Mark button while viewing a question to mark it for future consideration. This is useful if the student is unsure of the answer and wants to review it again at the end of the test, possibly to change its answer. The marked questions show up on the Test Answer Summary window. Test Answer Summary Window Clicking the Summary button allows the student to see a summary of the answered questions. The Test Answer Summary window provides an easy way for students to get an overview of their answers for the entire test and to move quickly from one question to another that is not directly preceding or following it.

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Ending a Test and Viewing Results To end a test, the student clicks the Done button. If the student has not answered all the questions on the test, the program displays a warning message, Do you wish to score a test which is incomplete? to alert the student to the fact that one or more questions has not been answered. The student can answer No", click Summary to display the Test Answer Summary window, locate the unanswered question(s), and complete the test before quitting. Diagnostic Report If a student answers all the test questions or chooses to quit without completing the test, he or she sees a diagnostic report of the raw and percent scores as well as the skills tested. The instructor can choose what to show on the diagnostic report.

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STUDENT DIAGNOSTIC REPORT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------COURSE/SEC: ALG101-A TEST: TEST1 NAME: Anderson, Joseph P DATE: 01/12/00 ID: 12345 Number of questions correct: 20 Number of questions missed: 6 Number of questions skipped: 0 Time used: 25 min Total number of questions: 26 SCORE: 77% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CHAPTER 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 Topic/Skill/Objective Add like terms Classify inequality as T/F Evaluate expressions Add signed fractions/decimals Add/subtract unlike fractions Add three or more signed numbers Apps: Subtract signed numbers Use combined operations Write expression for divide C=Correct S=Skipped T=Total C S T SCORE 2 0 3 67%* 2 0 2 100% 2 0 3 67%* 3 0 4 75% 2 0 3 67%* 3 0 3 100% 1 0 2 50%* 3 0 4 75% 2 0 2 100%

Scores on the topics marked with a (*) are less than or equal to 70%. These topics should be restudied.

Both the on-screen and printed reports show the list of the objectives, topics, or skills that were covered by the test and give the student's score for each. Those objectives that are marked with an asterisk (*) are those for which the student's score was below the remediation score of 70% or some other percent that can be preset by the instructor. Question Printing If the instructor has set the preference Allow Question Printing in the QuizMaster Utility program, the student can get a printout of the questions he or she missed on the test. When the testbank contains such information, each question is followed by a page reference from the textbook.

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REPORT OF PROBLEMS MISSED -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------COURSE/SEC: ALG101-A TEST: TEST1 NAME: Anderson, Joseph P DATE: 01/12/00 ID: 12345 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Add like terms. 4) x + y + 2x + 7 A) 3x + y + 7 B) x + y + 7 C) 3x + 8y D) 2x + y + 7 Answer: A Refer to pp. 193-194 in your textbook for more help. Perform the operation. 34) -4 - (-8) A) -12 B) 4 C) 0 D) 12 Answer: C Refer to pp. 224 in your textbook for more help. ...

Cumulative Record and Test Review Clicking the Records button at the beginning or end of a test displays the Student Test Scores. STUDENT TEST SCORES COURSE/SEC: ALG101-A TEST: TEST1 Number of questions correct: 43 Number of questions missed: 7 Number of questions skipped: 0 Total number of questions: 50 TEST: TEST2 Number of questions correct: 24 Number of questions missed: 6 Number of questions skipped: 0 Total number of questions: 30 NAME: Anderson, Joseph P ID: 12345 DATE: 11/12/04 Time used: 30 min SCORE: 86% DATE: 12/01/04 Time used: 40 min SCORE: 80%

The report provides totals for the number of questions correct, the number of questions answered incorrectly, the number of questions left unanswered, and the percent score for each test taken. The report orders the tests by date taken, with the most recent taken at the end of the report. If the instructor has set the preference "Allow Test Review" in the QuizMaster Utility program, the cumulative report displays a Review button that students can click to replay the test on-screen and see their own answers along with the correct answers and explanations, if available. The Answer, Help, and Calculator buttons are deactivated, but the student can navigate through the test using Previous and Next. Clicking Done returns the student to the report window. 129

Installing QuizMaster
In order to use the QuizMaster system for testing, you will need to install the TestGen program and testbank data as well as the QuizMaster student program. Doing so allows you to: use TestGen to create tests and publish them in QuizMaster format. administer the tests on a computer network to students using QuizMaster. access the QuizMaster Utility program that is built into TestGen so you can generate reports on student progress and set testing preferences.

Proper installation of the QuizMaster program is critical to ensure a smoothly running program. The TestGen program and the QuizMaster program will usually not be installed in the same location since QuizMaster is designed to be installed on a network server. Before Installing QuizMaster Before installing the QuizMaster student program, be sure you have installed the TestGen program according to the instructions provided with the TestGen CD. Refer to any Readme files that might accompany the program for additional instructions or notes regarding installation. Installing the QuizMaster Student Program Follow the instructions for the type of computer you have. Note: Some extensions, such as virus checkers, running in the background during installation may interfere with installation. If this happens, you will need to turn off those programs causing the conflict and restart your computer before installing TestGen and QuizMaster. Windows 98, ME, XP, NT, or 2000 Place the TestGen CD into the drive and open the LAN Utilities folder. Run the qmsetup.exe program and follow the instructions on the screen. QuizMaster is designed to be installed on a computer that is a network server and should not be installed in the same directory or folder as TestGen or the testbank files. Note that students need full rights to the directory or folder where the QuizMaster program is installed and to the Records folder. Students will need to have rights to create, read, write, open, and modify files as they use the program. For security, these files are encoded so that they cannot be read as text documents. You can set up a shortcut to the QuizMaster program on each computer where students will be taking tests. Locate the QuizMaster program on the server and create a shortcut for it. Drag the shortcut onto the Start menu of the computer workstation. Macintosh Place the TestGen CD into the drive and open the LAN Utilities folder. Run the QuizMaster Setup program and follow the instructions on the screen. QuizMaster is designed to be installed on a computer that is a network server and should not be installed in the same directory or folder as TestGen or the testbank files. Note that students need full rights to the directory or folder where the QuizMaster program is installed and to the Records folder. Students will need to have rights to create, read, write, open, and modify files as they use the program. For security, these files are encoded so that they cannot be read as text documents. You can to set up an alias for the QuizMaster program on each computer where students will be taking tests. Locate the QuizMaster program on the server and create an alias for it. Drag or copy the alias onto the desktop of the computer workstation or place it in the Apple menu items folder.

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TestGen and QuizMaster Fonts The first time QuizMaster runs, it attempts to install the eight TestGen fonts in the computer's Fonts folder. If there are any problems with font installation, you will receive a message, and you might need to install the fonts manually by copying (not moving) them from the TestGen or QuizMaster folder into the Fonts folder. Linking QuizMaster to TestGen In order for the QuizMaster Utility program and the QuizMaster student program to communicate with each other, you need to let each program know where the other is located and where student records and tests will be stored. To do this, start the TestGen program and select Start QuizMaster Utility from the TestGen File menu. The program prompts you to locate the QuizMaster student program file. Locate and select the QuizMaster program file where you installed it on the network server and click Open. After locating the QuizMaster program, you see the QuizMaster Configuration window. Follow the instructions to enter the pathname of the directory where you want student records to be stored. This pathname varies depending on how your network is set up.

When you click OK on the QuizMaster Configuration window, TestGen creates a file called qmeq.cfg in both the TestGen program folder and the QuizMaster program folder. The qmeq.cfg file is a text file that contains the pathname for the Records folder and it links TestGen with the QuizMaster Utility program to the QuizMaster student program. You can now run the QuizMaster Utility program to set up course and section names and preferences. Note: If you need to change the location of the programs at a later date, you will need to reinstall the programs and change the contents of the qmeq.cfg file, or delete the qmeq.cfg files from the two locations and run the QuizMaster Utility program to set up the new qmeq.cfg files. Getting Ready for Student Use After installing QuizMaster, use TestGen to create a test and publish it as a QuizMaster test.

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File Menu
You use the File menu to open/close test files, save reports as text files, erase records, import student names and IDs, add/edit student records, export records and tests, print, and exit the program. Add Student Records Select Add Student Records from the File menu to add a new student to your roster for a course/section. This opens a dialog in which you can choose the course/section in which the student will be enrolled and enter the student's sign-on information.

Choosing a Course/Section To choose the course and class section in which the student will be enrolled, click the arrow at the right end of the Course/Section field. All the sections for the course are displayed and you can choose the appropriate course/section for the student. Entering a Student's Name Type the student's name in the labeled fields. Entering a Student's ID or Password Enter the ID and/or Password. No two students in the same course can have the same ID number. Entering a password is optional; if you do not provide a password, the student will assign his or her own password the first time he or she uses QuizMaster. Click Add to confirm the information you've entered in the current record and to get another blank record in which to add another new student. Click Cancel when finished adding students. Edit Student Records Select Edit Student Records from the File menu to modify a student's name, ID, or password. This option also lets you move a student from one class section to another. A list of students in the current course and section appears. (To change to another course or section, click Cancel on the student selection list and select Set Course/Section from the Reports menu. Choose the section you want to view, then choose Edit Student Records again.) When you choose the student whose record you want to modify, the program displays a window in which you can edit the student's sign-on information or move the student to another course/section. 132

Correcting a Student's Name Correct the spelling of a student's name by editing the fields labeled Lastname, Firstname, or Middle Initial. Changing a Student's ID or Password Change a student's ID number or password by editing the fields labeled ID or Password. Remember that no two students in the same course can have the same ID number. Moving a Student to Another Course and/or Section To move a student and his or her records to another course and/or class section, click the arrow at the right end of the Course/Section field. A list of all the sections for the course is displayed and you can choose the new course/section for the student. Click Update to confirm any changes you've made in the current record and return to the class roster menu where you can choose another name and continue making changes. Erasing Records and Tests Several options on the File menu let you erase student scores, names, mail, and tests at the end of a term or when they are no longer needed. Erasing Student Records Select Erase Student Records from the File menu to erase the records for a student, section, or course. You will need to choose the appropriate course and section and the student's name, if necessary. This feature erases all of the student sign-on, test, and mail records. If students try to sign on again they will have to add their names as new students. This feature is designed to be used when students drop a class, switch classes, or sign on in an incorrect class, or at the end of a term. Erasing Test Records Select Erase Tests from the File menu to erase a test score for a student, section, or course. You will need to choose the appropriate course and section, the student's name, if necessary, and a test. You can choose a course and class section by choosing Set Course/Section from the Reports menu. You can choose a test by choosing Open Test on the File menu. The student sign-on information will remain untouched so that students can sign-on again for the next test with the same passwords and IDs. Erasing Mail Files Select Erase Mail Messages from the File menu to erase mail files for a student, section, or course. You will need to choose the appropriate course and section, and the student's name, if necessary. A dialog will appear, letting you decide the range of dates during which you wish to delete mail files. Erase Tests Select Erase Tests from the File menu to erase tests that have been saved for use with QuizMaster. 133

Importing Student Names and IDs On the File menu of the QuizMaster Utility program, choose Import Names and IDs to import an ASCII, or TEXT, file that contains the names, IDs, and passwords of all the students you expect to use the QuizMaster program for a specific course. Use a word processor or a text editor program to prepare the ASCII file. The ASCII file must be arranged in a specific way in order for the names to be imported correctly. Notice that: A carriage return ends each line and a blank line separates the roster for each course and section. The course/section rosters and the names of the students do not have to be in any particular order. Any of the fields of information can be left blank, a middle initial, for example, but the comma separator should still be entered. Passwords can be left blank, in which case, students will enter their own password the first time they use the QuizMaster program.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------COURSE NAME (max 8 characters) SECTION NAME (max 6 characters) LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD (...more student names here) [ blank line ] COURSE NAME (max 8 characters) SECTION NAME (max 6 characters) LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD LASTNAME,FIRSTNAME,INITIAL,ID,PASSWORD (...more student names here) A sample import file is shown below: ----------------------------------------MATH101 A Franklin,Bonnie,A,23456,BF Garibaldi,Jeremy,N,25487,JG Bartholomew,Billie,K,23498,BB Brandis,John,,23945,JB Rothschild,Carol,,29463,CR Palmer,Grace,,29483,GP MATH101 B Barnett,Karen,A,29483 Daley,Richard,J,39845 134

(student (student (student (student (student

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

(student (student (student (student (student

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Gladstone,James,,39867 Christopher,Susan,,39485 Robey,Randy,,29483 ----------------------------------------The sample file shows a course (MATH101) with two sections (A and B). Section A has six students who have all been assigned a password that is their initials. Some of the students in section A do not have a middle initial. Section B has five students and none of them has been assigned a password. You can name the text file anything you want; just be sure it is saved in ascii or text format. Once the text file has been prepared and saved on your hard disk, run the QuizMaster Utility program and open the book for the course of the students whose names you will import. Select Import Names and IDs from the File menu. When the explanation screen appears, click OK and locate the file that contains the student names and IDs. The first student record will be displayed for your approval. If all the information looks correct, click Add Current to add the current record. You may approve each record, one at a time by clicking Add Current. If a record looks incorrect or if the information is in the wrong fields, click Skip to skip the record. If several records look incorrect, there is probably an error in the format of the ASCII file and you should click Cancel to cancel the import process, correct the ASCII file, and then try the import again. If you are sure all the records have been coded correctly in the ASCII file, then you may click Add All to import all the records at once. They will flash briefly on the screen as they are accepted into the student name/ID file. Exporting Test Records From the File menu of the QuizMaster Utility program, select Export Test Records to export all records for all students in a particular section or course. Exporting produces a tab delimited ASCII text file that you can open with a spreadsheet or gradebook program. An example of an exported file is shown below. PSY1 --> PSYCH --> A --> 2313 --> Buttimer --> Jeanne --> L --> 50 --> 07/09/97 --> 12:58 --> 6 --> 6 --> 0 --> 6 --> 12 --> 1 --> MMMMCCCCCMMC PSY9 --> PSYCH --> A --> 3333 --> Sacha --> Kathy --> M --> 75 --> 07/10/97 --> 10:32 --> 3 --> 1 --> 0 --> 1 --> 4 --> 1 --> CMCC PSY9 --> PSYCH --> A --> 3333 --> Sacha --> Kathy --> M --> 100 --> 07/10/97 --> 12:54 --> 4 --> 0 --> 0 --> 0 --> 4 --> 2 --> CCCC PSY4 --> PSYCH --> B --> 8854 --> Nuna --> Kevin --> 67 --> 07/10/97 --> 14:38 --> 4 --> 1 --> 1 --> 2 --> 6 --> 1 --> CCCMSC Each record in the exported text file contains seventeen fields of information with each field followed by a tab and each record followed by a hard return (paragraph end). The fields are described below. Test Name Course Section ID Last Name First Name Middle Initial % Score Date The filename of the QuizMaster test taken, up to 8 characters The name of the course in which the student has registered, up to 8 characters The name of the section in which the student has registered, up to 6 characters The student ID, up to 11 characters The student's last name, up to 20 characters The student's first name, up to 20 characters The student's middle initial (if any), 1 character The student's test score, ranging from 0 to 100 The date the test was taken as set on the student's computer in the form MM/DD/YY 135

Time Questions Correct Questions Missed Questions Skipped Sum of Missed and Skipped Questions Total Number of Questions Number of Attempts Answer State

The time the test was taken in military time format HH:MM The number of questions that the student answered correctly, ranging from 0 to 100 The number of questions that the student answered incorrectly, ranging from 0 to 100 The number of questions that the student left unanswered, ranging from 0 to 100 The number of questions, including those missed and those skipped, that are counted as incorrect, ranging from 0 to 100 The total number of questions on the test, ranging from 1 to 100 The number of tries the student has made on the test, ranging from 1 to 3 For each question on the test, a letter is displayed referring to whether the question was answered correctly (C), answered incorrectly (M), or skipped (S). There may be from 1 to 100 letters listed.

Retrieve Last Test This option works in conjunction with the Save Last Test setting on the Options menu. If you have the program set to save the most recent test for each student, you can select Retrieve Last Test from the File menu when you want to look at an exact copy of the test that was saved for a particular student. You will need to choose the name of the particular student in the class, then give a name for the test file that will be retrieved and save it. After saving the test, you can retrieve the test using TestGen and review the test pages on-screen or print a hard copy.

Options Menu
From the Options menu, you can customize the grading scale and set the percent that is used to determine which topics students should restudy. You can also decide whether to allow for new courses/sections or student records to be added when students sign-on to the QuizMaster program, decide whether to have the program save the exact version of the last test a student has taken, restrict student access to the mail system, and choose how to display student names and IDs on sign-on dialogs. The items on the Options menu are global settings that are not test-specific and can be changed at any time. Grading Scale Select Grading Scale from the Options menu to modify the grading scale used for a particular exam. Grades are assigned to tests based on a 12-level grading scale that allows the use of pluses (+) and minuses (-) in conjunction with a traditional letter grade of A, B, C, D, or F. Type a number for the lower level for each letter grade and press [Tab] to move to the next grade, making sure that values are in descending order.

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Remediation Percent Select Remediation % from the Options menu. The test summary reports that lists test scores for classes of students will mark with an asterisk (*) all scores that are less than or equal to the remediation percent of your choice. For example, if you want to mark all test scores that are less than or equal to 65%, choose 65% as the remediation percent. On printed reports that summarize test results by objectives, the asterisk (*) marks the objectives for which the scores are less than or equal to the remediation percent. Allow New Course/Section On the Options menu, if a check mark appears next to Allow New Course/Sec then students using QuizMaster can add new courses and/or sections during sign-on. Click the menu item to remove the check mark and turn this option off. Once you have entered all of your courses and sections, there is no need for students to add additional sections. Allow New Students If a check mark appears next to Allow New Students, students can add names to the sign-on lists. Choose the menu item to remove the check mark and prevent new students from adding their names to the course list. Once all students have registered for a course, there is no need for new students to add their names to the class list. Also, instead of having students enter their own sign-on information, you may want to pre-register your students by importing their names and IDs from a text file into the QuizMaster student lists. You can also assign a password to each student or let them enter their own password the first time they sign on. Allow Test Review If "Allow Test Review" is checked on the Options menu, students can review their tests onscreen at the end of each test and while reviewing records for that particular test. The test review includes a display of each question on the test along with the student's answer, the correct answer, and an explanation, if applicable. 137

Save Last Test If Save Last Test is checked on the Options menu, the program saves a copy of the exact version of the most recent test the student has taken, so you can review the questions and the student's answers. The last test will be saved, ready for you to retrieve by selecting Retrieve Last Test from the File menu. Choose the student from the Student Selection list. This opens a dialog in which you can give the test a name and choose where to save it. You will most likely want to save it inside a TESTS folder inside the TestGen folder. The test will be saved with a .TST file extension and can be opened with TestGen to view or print. Student Mail Access From the Options menu, select one of the three settings for Student Mail Access. You can give students no access, read-only access, or read/write access to the mail system by checking the option you want.

Set Proctor Password If you want to have a proctor verify a student's identity at the time the test is taken, select Set Proctor Password from the Options menu and enter a password. Be sure to click in the box to require a proctor password at sign-on. The same password affects all tests and all students using the QuizMaster program.

Allow Password Changes Check Allow Password Changes if you want students to be able to change their password at any time. If the option is not checked, students must keep the password that you or they enter the first time they use the QuizMaster program. Changing the Student Sign-on List Select Student Name/ID Display from the Options menu to determine how the list of student names appears when students sign onto the QuizMaster program. You can choose one of four options to display the full student name and ID, just the student name, just the student ID, or the student name with only the first two characters of the student ID.

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Reports Menu
From the Reports menu of the QuizMaster Utility program you can choose options that let you view or print a variety of reports for individual students, class sections, or courses. These reports include lists of student passwords and IDs, raw and percent scores for a single test, and diagnostic reports that analyze test results based on objectives, topics, or skills. For all reports, you need to be sure that the appropriate course and section has been selected before the report can be generated. The Reports menu has Set Course/Section as one of the options so that you can easily view records for more than one section. For any reports that include the results of a particular test, you need to be sure that the appropriate test has been opened. The File has Open Test as one of the options so you can easily switch to a different test at any time. Each report can be viewed on-screen, printed on a printer, or saved as a text file that you can retrieve and modify with a word processor. Reports for Student Sign-On Information Sign-On Information (Student) Student sign-on information includes a student's name, ID, and password. When you choose Sign-on Information--Student you see a list of all the students in the current course and section who have signed on to take the test. Choose a student name from the list and click OK to view or print his or her sign-on information. If a student forgets his or her password for QuizMaster and cannot sign on to take a test, you can locate the password on this report. Sign-On Information (Section) The section student sign-on report is similar to the report for an individual student, but lists the names, IDs, and passwords for each student who has signed onto QuizMaster to take a test for a particular section. To view student sign-on information for a section, you need to choose a section, and then choose to sort the information by name or by ID number. Sign-on Information (Course-by Student) The course student sign-on report is similar to the report for a section, but lists the names, IDs, and passwords for each student who has signed onto QuizMaster for an entire course. To view student sign-on information for a course, you need to choose a course, and then choose to sort the information by name or by ID number. Sign-on Information (Course-by Section) The report is similar to the sign-on information report for a single section, but repeats for each section in a particular course. To view student sign-on information for a course, by section, you need to choose a course, and then choose to sort the information by name or by ID number. Reports for Student Test Results Student Test Results (Score on Current Test) To see all the student scores for a single test taken by a specific student, choose Student Test Results--Score on Current Test (Be sure you have chosen the course and section for the student and have opened the test.) When you choose Student Test Results--Score on Current Test, you will see a list of all the students in the current course and section who have signed on to take the test. Choose a student name from the list and click OK to view or print his or her scores for the test. The report provides totals for the number of questions correct, the number of questions answered incorrectly, the number of questions left unanswered, and the percent score. If a student has taken a test more than once, the program displays the results of each, ending with the most recent attempt. 139

Student Test Results (Current Test-Missed Objectives) This report is a diagnostic report that identifies a student's weaknesses in terms of objectives, skills, or topics. (Be sure you have chosen the course and section for the student and have opened the test.) Choose the student's name from the class list to generate the report. The report shows the score on a particular test plus a list of the objectives, topics, or skills for which the student scored at or below the remediation percent set by the instructor. If the student has taken the test more than once, the report uses the best attempt for this report. Student Test Results (Current Test-All Objectives) This report gives the same information as the report for the Score Plus Missed Objectives", but lists all the objectives, topics, or skills that were tested, indicating strengths and weaknesses. (Be sure you have chosen the course and section for the student and have opened the test.) Choose the student's name from the class list to generate the report. Student Test Results (Scores on All Tests) To see all the student scores for all tests taken by a specific student, choose Student Test Results--Scores on All Tests (Be sure you have chosen the course and section for the student.) When you choose Student Test Results--Scores on All Tests, you see a list of all the students in the current course and section who have signed on to take the test you currently have chosen. Choose a student name from the list and click OK to view or print the scores for all tests taken. The report provides totals for the number of questions correct, the number of questions answered incorrectly, the number of questions left unanswered, and the percent score for each test taken. The report orders the tests by date taken, with the most recent taken at the end of the report. Reports for Section Test Results Section Test Results (Scores on Current Test) This report lists the raw and percent scores as well as a letter grade for the best attempt made on a test by each student in a particular class. At the end, the report provides statistical information for the mean, median, standard deviation, and grade frequencies. To retrieve the report, you need to choose a course and section and open the appropriate test. You will then have the option to sort the report by student name, ID, or percent score. Percentages for student test scores are rounded to the nearest whole percent. If a student has taken the same test more than once, a plus (+) sign appears to the left of the student's name or ID. Section Test Results (Current Test-by Objective) This report lists the objectives, topics, or skills that were tested and gives the average student score for each objective. You need to choose a course and section and be sure the appropriate test is open. The list can be sorted by objective or by percent scores. Each percentage is computed by averaging the scores obtained by all students in the class. Section Test Results (All Tests-by Objective) This report lists the objectives, topics, or skills that were tested and gives the average student score for each objective. This report is the same as the Section Test Results--Current Test-by Objective except that it repeats for each test. The list can be sorted by objective or by percent scores. Each percentage is computed by averaging the scores obtained by all students in the class.

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Section Test Results (All Tests-by Student) To see all the student scores for all tests taken by each student in a particular section, choose Section Test Results--All Tests-by Student (Be sure you have chosen the course and section.) This is the same report as Student Test Results--Scores on All Tests except it repeats for each student in a section. Starts a new page for each student. The report provides totals for the number of questions correct, the number of questions answered incorrectly, the number of questions left unanswered, and the percent score for each test taken. The report orders the tests by date taken, with the most recent taken at the end of the report. Reports for Course Test Results Course Test Results (Scores on Current Test) This report lists the raw and percentage scores on a particular test for all students in a course. If a student took the test more than once, the best score is used in the report. To see the report, choose the course you want to see and then open the appropriate test. You can sort the report by name, ID, or percent score. Just as with the class version of this report, statistical information such as mean, median, standard deviation, and grade frequencies print at the end of the report. Percentages for student test scores are rounded to the nearest whole percent. If a student has taken the same test more than once, a plus (+) sign appears to the left of the student's name or ID. Course Test Results (Current Test-by Section) This report lists the raw and percentage scores on a particular test for all students in a course, separated into class sections. If a student took the test more than once, the best score is used in the report. To see the report, choose the course you want to see and then open the appropriate test. You can sort the report by name, ID, or percent score. Statistical information such as mean, median, standard deviation, and grade frequencies print at the end of each class section of the report. Course Test Results (Current Test-by Objective) This report lists the objectives, topics, or skills that were tested and gives the average of all student scores for each objective. Each percentage is computed by averaging the scores obtained by all students in the course. You will need to select the course you want and then open the appropriate test. You can sort the list either by objective or percent scores.

Tests Menu
Use the Tests menu to customize the instructor name that appears on messages to students, write notes that appear on the information window for a test, set a range for test availability, and enter a maximum time allowance for a test. The menu also lets you choose whether to allow access to the built-in calculator, whether to allow students to get a print out of the questions they missed on a test, and whether a test is graded or not. Test menu preferences are set on a test-by-test basis. Customize Instructor Name Select Instructor Name from the Tests menu to display the Customize Instructor Name dialog with the current Course/Section selected. Enter the name you want to appear on the messages you send to students in the specified course and section. If you wish to enter an instructor name for a different course and section, select Set Course and Section from the Reports menu. Customize Introductory Note Select Intro Note from the Tests menu to display the Customize Test Note dialog. The dialog displays the current test note that students see on the Test Information window when they use QuizMaster. You may edit this note and/or add new text in the note. 141

Allow Repeated Tests Select Retake Options to set the number of times a test may be taken by a student, from 1 to 3 times. It also allows you to set the minimum number of days a student must wait between tries, from 0 to 9 days.

If the student tries to take a test more than the maximum number of tries, the QuizMaster program displays a message and does not allow the student to take the test again. If a student takes the same test more than once, the best score is shown on reports and used in calculations for class and course statistics. A plus (+) sign printed to the left of the student's name indicates that the test was taken more than once. If you want to see or print a record of all the scores for a single student, select Student Test Results--Scores on All Tests from the Reports menu.

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Test Access and Time Limit Select Access Time from the Tests menu to restrict the number of days and/or hours that a test is available for students. Enter the starting time and date and the ending time and date. Leave fields blank if you do not want a specific start or end date.

You can set a time limit up to 255 minutes and also provide students with a warning message when time is running out. The timer will count down on the test question window so that students can see how much time remains before a test ends. If you do not want to set a time limit for the test, enter a time limit of 0. Allow Calculator The QuizMaster program has a built-in calculator that you can turn on or off via the QuizMaster Utility program. When the calculator option is turned on (indicated by a check mark next to Allow Calculator on the Test menu), the Calc button is available for students to display the calculator while taking a test. Allow Question Printing After a student takes a test, he or she sees a diagnostic report detailing test performance. When the question printing option is turned on (indicated by a check mark next to Allow Question Printing on the Tests ), the diagnostic report is followed by a print out of all of the questions that the student missed. The answers to the missed questions and textbook page references for each question may also be available. Allow Question Scrambling Check this option to scramble the order of the questions on each students version of the QuizMaster tests. If the option is not checked, the order of the questions is the same on each students test. 143

Save Test Scores You can determine whether a test should be graded or for practice. If Save Test Scores is checked on the Tests menu, then student test scores are recorded to a database and used to calculate values in student, section, and course reports. If Save Test Scores is unchecked, then the student will be notified that the test is for practice. Students can still see how they performed on the test, but the scores are not recorded in the database or used in calculations.

Mail Menu
Use the Mail menu to get access to the built-in mail system, or message center, which is a closed mail system for students and instructors in a particular course. A quick way to access the mail system is to click the Mail button at the bottom of the Report window. The Student Message Center will appear. Click the Write button at the bottom of the Report window to enter an outgoing message:

The mail system options are similar to standard e-mail options such as the ability to read, write, reply to, and delete messages. In addition, symbol palettes and templates (the same as in the Question Editor) let instructors and students insert symbols and math expressions that you cannot type from the keyboard. The Send function lets an instructor send a message to an individual student, all students in a class section, selected students, and to all the students in a whole course.

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Security Issues with QuizMaster

No system is totally tamper-proof and secure, but we have taken the following steps to ensure the safety of student records and scores: TestGen is password protected to prevent unauthorized access to TestGen and the QuizMaster Utility program and to protect your TestGen tests and QuizMaster records. Each student has a unique ID and password. Emphasize to students that they should keep their passwords secret. If you print a report of student passwords, keep it away from unauthorized users. Student sign-on information and test scores are encoded so that if the files are viewed on-screen outside of QuizMaster, they will be scrambled and unreadable. If anyone tampers with any of the student or test files, the program will detect that information has been changed and notify the instructor that a file has been modified by printing a message that Altered data has been detected and by displaying the correct score in parentheses next to the altered score on printed reports. At this point, the instructor will need to review the student's individual file and possibly schedule a meeting with the individual student to determine what might have caused the alert. The Proctor Password option lets a proctor in the lab verify each student's identity at the time of test taking. The student name appears on the test window so that identification can be verified during the test.

It is a good idea to frequently make a backup copy of the qmeq.cfg file as well as all the files in the Records folder for QuizMaster. These files contain all the student names, IDs, test scores, and tests. In the case of file corruption, you can copy the backed-up files into the folder and restore most of the student records.

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Appendix A: Error Messages During Export and Publish

When you publish or export a test for the TestGen plug-in, QuizMaster, HTML, Blackboard, or WebCT, you might see an error report that alerts you to potential problems with the test. These alerts usually mean that one or more questions or answers contain data that is not accepted by the target platform or will cause problems when students try to enter an answer. If you see an error report, note the question numbers, return to the test to make changes, then repeat the export or publish action. Error Message Answer length exceeds limit of 2000 characters. Please edit to avoid truncation on import. Answer field for this question is empty. Please add an answer in order for software to evaluate student answer. Answer contains information that cannot be entered or evaluated in target delivery mode. Explanation or Solution The answer is too long for the target platform. You need to shorten the answer for the question. Edit the question in TestGen so that it has an answer.

The question contains HTML content, such as a symbol or graphic or a non-Latin-1 foreign language character that cannot be entered by the student. Discard or revise question to allow for student input using TestGen symbols. Question contains a transparent graphic that is not enclosed by a "grouping" template. Image will be lost on conversion to HTML. To alter the question so that the graphic exports, replace the transparent graphic with an empty grouping template, using Enter keypresses to make the box large enough to contain the graphic. Select the graphic from the graphics library, and re-insert the graphic as a transparent graphic into the grouping box. Also copy any overlying text into the box. Delete the original transparent graphic from the problem using "Edit Transparent Object" from the Tools menu. (See pages 81-82 for information on the grouping template. See pages 86-90 for information on graphics and the graphics library.)

Question contains graphic that will not display properly in target delivery mode.

Answer may need more information to be evaluated properly by the software.

Answer might be missing, too long (over 60 characters), involve math expressions, or contain key trigger phrases, such as "answers will vary." Review the question's answer and modify as needed so that students can input the answer. Assigned point values for questions will be lost on export since they are not supported by the target platform. All questions have equal value.

Question points will not be retained in target delivery mode.

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Multiple choice and bimodal questions must contain at least two answers. Alert. This question could not be formatted for online display.

Multiple choice or bimodal questions contain one or no answer choices. Edit as needed to provide at least two choices. Question type is not supported in target delivery mode and empty placeholder question will be exported in its place, unless corrected. Remove offending items from the test. Not supported by TestGen plug-in: Essay, Special Short Answer, Matching and Vocabulary Not supported by QuizMaster: : Essay, Short Answer, Special Short Answer, Matching and Vocabulary Not supported by Blackboard or WebCT: Special Short Answer

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Appendix B: Shortcuts for Foreign Language Symbols

The following foreign language symbols can be inserted into TestGen questions using Latin-1 fonts. Note that test questions containing these symbols will not be cross-platform symbols that appear correctly on either Windows or Macinosh will usually appear differently on the other platform. The symbols should export as HTML characters correctly. Windows Shortcuts Turn on the Num Lock function. Then hold down the Alt key while you type the four-digit number using the numeric keypad. When you release the Alt key, the symbol is inserted at the cursor location. Macintosh Shortcuts The plus (+) sign indicates that you should hold down one or two keys while you type the next key. Hold down the Option key or the Option and Shift keys while you type the letter that follows. When you release all the keys, the symbol is inserted at the cursor location. A comma indicates that you should release the previous keys before pressing the next key or keys. SPANISH Character Name exclam down question down A acute E acute I acute N tilde O acute U acute a acute e acute i acute n tilde o acute u acute Unicode 161 191 193 201 205 209 211 218 225 233 237 241 243 250 Windows Alt + 0161 Alt + 0191 Alt + 0193 Alt + 0201 Alt + 0205 Alt + 0209 Alt + 0211 Alt + 0218 Alt + 0225 Alt + 0233 Alt + 0237 Alt + 0241 Alt + 0243 Alt + 0250 Macintosh opt + 1 opt + shift + ? opt + shift + y opt + E, shift + E opt + shift + S opt + N, shift + N opt + shift + H opt + shift + : (colon) opt + E, a opt + E, e opt + E, i opt + N, n opt + E, o opt + E, u

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GERMAN Character Name A dieresis O dieresis U dieresis German dbls a dieresis o dieresis u dieresis Unicode 196 191 220 223 228 246 252 Windows Alt + 0196 Alt + 0214 Alt + 0220 Alt + 0223 Alt + 0228 Alt + 0246 Alt + 0252 Macintosh opt + U, shift + A opt + U, shift + O opt + U, shift + U opt + S opt + U, a opt + U, o opt + U, u

FRENCH Character

Name A grave A circumflex C cedilla E grave E acute E circumflex I circumflex I dieresis O circumflex Ugrave U circumflex a grave a circumflex c cedilla e grave e acute e circumflex i acute i circumflex o circumflex u grave u circumflex

Unicode 192 194 199 200 201 202 206 207 212 217 219 224 226 231 232 233 234 237 238 244 249 251

Windows Alt + 0192 Alt + 0194 Alt + 0199 Alt + 0200 Alt + 0201 Alt + 0202 Alt + 0206 Alt + 0207 Alt + 0212 Alt + 0217 Alt + 0219 Alt + 0224 Alt + 0226 Alt + 0231 Alt + 0232 Alt + 0233 Alt + 0234 Alt + 0237 Alt + 0238 Alt + 0244 alt + 0249 alt + 0251

Macintosh opt + `, shift + A opt + shift + M opt + shift + C opt + `, shift + E opt + E, shift + E opt + I, shift + E opt + shift + D opt + shift + F opt + shift + J opt + `, shift + U opt + I, shift + U opt + `, A opt + I, A opt + C opt + `, E opt + E, E opt + I, E opt + E, I opt + I, I opt + I, O opt + E, U opt + I, U

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Limited Warranty
This software is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 90 days from your receipt of the software. This limited warranty is void if the media are damaged by causes not arising from defects in materials or construction. Pearson Education does not warrant that the programs will be free from error or will meet your specific requirements. Further, Pearson Education makes these programs available on an As Is basis, with no express or implied warranty concerning the programs' fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Pearson Education be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the purchase or use of the programs. The sole and exclusive liability shall not exceed the purchase price of the software. Pearson Education shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party against the user of the programs. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you in those states. During the 90-day warranty period, defective media will be replaced when returned with proof of purchase/ownership and with return postage prepaid. The replacement software will be warranted for 90 days from the date of replacement. Other than the postage requirement, no charge will be made for the replacement. Mail defective media to:

Pearson Education Higher Education Media Support 1900 East Lake Avenue Glenview, IL 60025
For technical assistance, call Pearson's toll-free product support line:

1-800-677-6337, M - F, 9 a.m. - 6 p.m., EST, or send e-mail to media.support@pearsoned.com.

These programs are not copy protected. This doesn't mean that you can make unlimited copies of them. The programs are protected by the copyright laws that pertain to computer software. It is illegal to distribute copies of these programs without written permission from Pearson Education. In particular, it is illegal to give a copy of the programs to any other person.

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