TemporaryRotorInertialControlofWindTurbine toSupporttheGridFrequencyRegulation

BingLiu,KjetilUhlen,ToreUndeland
DepartmentofElectricPowerEngineering,NTNU The9thDeepSeaOffshoreWindR&DSeminar 1920January2012,Trondheim,NORWAY

Thisstudyfocusesonvariablespeedwind turbinescapabilityofprovidinginertia responsetosupportthegridfrequency regulation,especiallyforshortterm frequencydropinlowinertiagrid.

Whatisinertia?
Inertia istheresistanceofphysicalobject toachangeinitsstateofmotion.* Rotatingobjectiveinertia: J=mr2

Typical2.0MWwindturbinehas: Jwindturbine=40k*(37.5/3)2 =6.25*106 Kg.m2 E windturbine= 0.5Jm2

20ton

Energystoredinrotormass: E =0.5Jm2

Inertia Constant isdefinedasthekinetic energystoredintherotoratrated speeddividedbytheVAbase. H =E/S=0.5Jm2/S

=0.5*J*1.752 =9.57*106 J= @80km/h H =E/S=4.79s Similarasconventional powergeneration

*FromWikipedia

Whypowersystemneedsinertialcontrol? Frequencycontrolby keepingbalancebetween generationandconsumption.

Longtermbalance:by powerreservation Shorttermbalance:by rotatingkineticenergy

Frequencycontrolrequirementstowindturbines

NordicGridCode2007:

HydroQubecrequireswindfarm tobeabletocontributeto reducelarge(0.5Hz),shortterm(10s)frequencydeviation.*

*TechnicalRequirementsfortheConnectionofGenerationFacilitiestotheHydro QubecTransmissionSystem:SupplementaryRequirementsforWindGeneration, HydroQubec,Tech.Rep.,May2003,revised2005.

InertialControlissimilarasLiquidLevelSystem
wind
Vw

Pitchcontrol

E=0.5Jm2
(outputpower)
P

KineticEnergy
(Energystorage)

Generator electrical torque

GridPCC

Windturbinemodelingforinertialcontrol
+

Extra power command SpeedPower Relationship

Rotor speed

Generator power Reference power Drive train representation Converter representation Torque controller Aerodynamic representation
+

Nominal rotor speed

Pitch Controller

VectorControllerforgeneratorsideconverter
Extra power command SpeedPower Relationship Rotor speed

TorqueControlexecutedinqaxis. Fasterthanloadanglecontrolstrategy*.

Generator power Reference power Drive train representation Converter representation Torque controller Aerodynamic representation

*P109,WindEnergyGeneration:Model andControl,OlimpoA.etal.

Nominal rotor speed

Pitch Controller

Simulation:Windturbineparameterswhen Powerreference=110%,startsat10s.
Power=10%, 70% rated rotor speed, deltaP starts at 10s, 1112 P2 15.0 14.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 -0.30 Ta wind speed

Windspeed(m/s)
Cp

Power coefficiency Airdynamictorque(PU)

Beta

y (MW)

-0.40

-0.50 0.100 0.075 0.050 0.025 0.000 -0.025 -0.050 -0.075 -0.100 0.00 -0.20 y (pu) -0.40 -0.60 -0.80 -1.00 Wr 1.000 0.950 0.900 0.850 0.800 0.750 0.700 0.650 -0.50 -0.60 -0.70 y -0.80 -0.90 -1.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Pm

Pitchangle
TM TE

Generatormechanic torque(PU) Poweroutput(MW)

y (MW)

Rotorspeed(PU) Time(s) 60s

0s

Howistheinertialcontrolability?
Y: Time before reach minimal 70% rotor speed (s) X: extra power reference in PU
Ws=8.0m/s Pm=0,33PU 60 55 50 40 30 20 10 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 23 18 14 10 43 Ws=10.6m/s Pm=0,70PU

WTGRating Control RotorDiameter HubHeight RatedTipspeed

5MW VariableSpeed,collectivePitch 126m 90m 80m/s

Powerreservationbypitching forlongtermfrequencyresponse

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

Frequencyresponsewithpitchcontrolandinertial responsecontrolcombinedmethodimplemented
(a) Frequency Rotation Speed[pu] HZ [pu]
1.01 1 0.99 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 1 0.8 0.7 0.6 1 1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 time [s] 3 3.5 4 1.5 2 2.5 (b) Rotation Speed 3 3.5 4

1.5

2.5 3 (c) Power Generation - Wind

3.5

Power[pu]

1.5

2.5

3.5

(d) Torque Torque[pu]

Rated(base)apparentpower Rated(base)voltage,offshoreAC Rated(base)voltage,HVDClink SystemFrequencyfref 150kmdctransmissionline Resistanceperkm Inductanceperkm

400MVA 115kV 120kV 50HZ

1.0pu 1.0pu 1.0pu 1.0pu

0.0217 0.792mH

Howtomakewindparksgridfrequencyfriendly?
Windparksneedreacttochangesingridfrequency Shortterminertialresponsecapabilityislimited Needtocombinewithlongtermpitchcontrol

Thanks! !

TemporaryRotorInertialControlofWindTurbine toSupporttheGridFrequencyRegulation
BingLiu,KjetilUhlen,ToreUndeland
DepartmentofElectricPowerEngineering,NTNU The9thDeepSeaOffshoreWindR&DSeminar 1920January2012,Trondheim,NORWAY