Mr.

Baker 2012-2013 RUSSIA 1905-1940 In this unit of 20c History, we will be studying the Russian Revolutions (1905 and 1917) including their causes, important people, and outcomes. This is a large topic so we will study this in sections. Part one will begin with Tsar Nicholas II and end with the Bolsheviks seizing power in 1917. In part two we will explore how the Bolsheviks hold on to power and try to modernize Russia under Lenin and Stalin. This unit will begin slowly so that important concepts like Marxism, nationalism, and revolutions can be introduced and reviewed. We will use the political spectrum as a model to understand terms like radicals, conservatives, and liberals. These terms and others are important to understanding life in the 20c and the communities that we live in today. Unit question: 1. Was the Russian Revolution progressive or regressive? Supporting Essential questions: 1. What were the primary short-term and long-term causes of the 1905 Russian Revolution? 2. How successful was Krenskys Provisional Government? 3. Based on his policies, was Lenin more conservative or liberal in the period 19171924? 4. Did life improve for women under the Soviet Union? 5. Did Stalin help to bring socialism to the Soviet Union? 6. The purges were very destructive for the Soviet Union. Why did Stalin order the purges? We will use the book, From Autocracy to Communism: Russia 1894-1941, during this unit. It gives a good overview of events and includes primary sources. This is an overview of the topics we will be studying in class each week. Please read and take SQ3R/Cornell notes on the chapters before you come to class. In addition to your supplementary book, Ruling Russia, I have prepared some handouts and reading materials. Please keep this packet in a binder and bring it to class each day so that we can refer to the articles. Assessments: Weekly reading quizzes Document Based Question Unit Essay Test Unit MC Test Unit Project Wednesdays In-class Thursday, February 7 Thursday, February 7 TBA

Week 1: The 1905 Revolution January 14-18

Focus Questions: Who were the radicals of the Russian Revolution? Okhrana activity How has Russian geography influenced Russian history? Map activity What were the primary short-term and long-term causes of the 1905 Russian Revolution?

Mr. Baker 2012-2013 Lynch: Opponents to Czardom p 18-27 Lynch: The 1905 Revolution p 32-40 Divine right monarchyThe king or queen was chosen by God. AutocratThis is a form of government in which one person rules without needing to share decisions with others. Tsar/Czar/CsarRussian term for monarch. It is a form of the word Caesar. Tsar Nicolas IIThe last of the Romanov Dynasty rulers in Russia. He abdicated in March 1917. Tsarina AlexandraThe Tsars wife who died in the revolution. Edict of Emancipation: Serfs were legally freed in 1861 but were not given land immediately, so many continued to be very poor. Social Revolutionary Party (SRs)Believed that peasants were most important and that land should be redistributed from large landlords to small farmers. St Petersburg/Petrograd/LeningradCity in northern Russia that was originally built by Peter the Great. The citys name was changed to Petrograd during World War I. After Lenins death, the city was known as Leningrad during the Soviet period. Today it is St. Petersburg. Coup detat(French) to overthrow the government and seize power DumaRussian parliament or legislature Soviet- elected representative body based on factories, military units, farms, and other local areas. The soviets rule locally and send representatives to the central government. In theory it is a republican form of government. Provisional government Iskra: (The Spark) the first Communist, and illegal, newspaper in Russia. Printed in Europe and smuggled into Russia. Lenin was one of six editors that sat on the newspapers board after 1901 What is to be Done? Lenins pamphlet in which he calls for a small, elite party leadership as opposed to broad, popular membership with voting rights. October ManifestoThe Czar agreed to elections and to share power with the Duma, or parliament. Gregory RasputinRussian monk and advisor to the Tsarina. Peter StolypinRussian Prime Minister who attempted reforms to strengthen the monarchy Kulakswealthier peasants in a class created by the Stolypin to encourage more support of the governments policies PloughThis is used in farming to cut the soil in the spring so that seeds can be planted. It would usually have been pulled by one or two horses while the farmer walks behind to steer. Social Democratic Party (SDs)Believed that factory workers should start a revolution in Russia to end the empire. They follow the writings of German philosopher Karl Marx. BolsheviksMajority segment of the SDs when the SDs split in 1903. Bolsheviks wanted a small, elite group of revolutionaries to lead the Russian workers against the Czar. MensheviksMinority segment of the SDs when the SDs split in 1903. Mensheviks wanted their political party to be open to everyone. CossackA person from a semi-nomadic tribe in Russia. Some Cossacks served as guards to the czar. Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov (Lenin) Bolshevik leader and first leader of the USSR RussoJapanese War1904-1905 war in which the Japanese defeat a major European power

Mr. Baker 2012-2013 for the first time. The Japanese victory gives confidence to the Japanese government and encourages doubt amongst Russians. Kadet PartyThose who wanted to keep the monarchy but create a legislature to work with it. Similar to a constitutional monarchy today. Bloody Sunday22 January 1905 ordinary Russians attempt to present a petition to the Tsar but are attacked but soldiers. Black Hundredsunofficial groups that formed to resist the 1905 revolution by attacking Jews and revolutionaries. Black Hundreds supported the Czar. Civil serviceThe part of the government that performs the daily tasks of government. Also called the bureaucracy, because it is often divided into bureaus (Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI in the US) or offices. The civil service does not create laws like the legislature but carries out the laws. Secret policegovernment agents who are domestic spies, make arrests, and generally spread fear among citizens to help the government maintain control. AristocratsRule by the aristocracy or nobles. These are people who have their influence in government and income from having inherited titles and lands of nobility from their ancestors, like dukes, barons, and counts. PeasantsThese are usually poor farmers who may or may not own their own land and equipment. SerfdomA form of slavery in which the people may or may not be directly owned by the lord or noble, but they are legally tied to the land and can be transferred if the land is sold to another lord or noble. Russian serfs are legally freed in the 19c but many continue to live in very poor conditions. Karl MarxHe was a German political theorist who tried to explain how history was affected by economic change. MarxismThis is a theory that states that all of history can be understood as conflicts between different economic groups. Marxism predicts that the final conflict will lead to a society where everyone is economically equal. Also, every country and government is directly shaped by the type of economic system (feudalism, capitalism, etc) that it has. OkhranaRussian secret police during the empire. Capitalists/bourgeoisiePeople who own large businesses or who are professionals for an occupation. They were not the aristocracy nor the proletariat. Proletariat-These are workers, usually those in the cities instead of farmers. Das Kapital/Capital: Marxs book in which he explains his theories and predicts a communist or classless society. Suprerstructure: Marx believed that the government system of every nation was the basis of its art, culture, religion, education, and other systems. Class: a group of people who share the same economic level in society Marx: German philosopher and writer Engels: Marxs co-author Dictatorship of the proletariat: the stage predicted after the revolution overthrows the bourgeoisie Classless society: final predicted stage; no single group controls the means of production, after which the state, or government, would no longer be needed so it would wither away

Mr. Baker 2012-2013 Pravda (Truth) Russian Communist Party newspaper 1912-1991 Liberals: those who advocated constitutional reform and political liberty for Russia; one branch of this movement became the Union of Liberation; this group preceded the Constitutional Monarchists or Kadets Social Revolutionaries: a political party that called for land reform and was supported by the Russian peasants Russian Social Democrats: those who advocate a Marxist approach; this group split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks Bloody Sunday and historiography The political spectrum

Week Two: Lenins 1917 Revolution January 21-25 Focus Question: Was the Russian Revolution more progressive or regressive? Lynch: The Red Terror p. 145-151 Lynch: War Communism p. 151-155 Lynch: The New Economic Policy p 160-162 Lynch: The Shaping of Soviet Societyp. 166-170 (174-175) Lynch: The Power Struggle p. 187-193
Vocabulary for this week Battleship Aurora Winter Palace Red Terror War Communism Red Guards Red Army New Economic Policy (NEP) NEPmen Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Cheka Kulaks Kronstadt Rising, 1921 Petrograd Kronstadt Manifesto "On Party Unity" Bukharin "Decree on the Separation of Church and State Scissors Crisis Marxism-Leninism Political commissars Leon Trotsky Trans-Siberian Railway

February Revolution 1917 Barrackshousing for soldiers ArsenalA government storehouse for weapons and ammunition Alexander KerenskyHe was a Russian Duma member and minister who led the Provisional Government February 1917-. He was overthrown by the Bolsheviks. Petrograd SovietCouncil government for Petrograd. Members were workers and soldiers after February 1917. It competed with the Provisional Government for control fo the country, the army.

Mr. Baker 2012-2013 Order Number OneThe Petrograd Soviet declared that the armys loyalty was to the Petrograd Soviet and not the Provisional Government and that when orders from the Soviet and the Provisional Government disagreed, the Soviets order was final. April Theses (1917)Lenins announced plan to end the Russian war with Germany, government takeover of banks and factories, and new Russian government based on the soviets Peace, Bread, LandLenins slogan in 1917. Peace end of Russian participation in World War I, Bread-food to workers and peasants, landland ownership for the peasants All power to the soviets. Petrograd/St. Petersburgcity in northern Russia built by Peter the Great. Petrograd or St. Petersburg was the capital of Russia until 1918. Intuitionyour feelings or instincts about something or someone, not based on reason. Kronstadt-Russian city on the Baltic Sea and location of several rebellions Leon TrotskyHe was one of the key leaders of the Bolsheviks and who reorganized the imperial army into the more effective Red Army. He was later be assassinated in Mexico by agents sent by Stalin. July DaysBolsheviks attempt to seize power for the first time in 1917 in Petrograd. The attempt fails and the Provisional Government charges the Bolshevik leaders with treason. Lenin and other leaders must go into hiding or face arrest and execution. KornilovRussian general who planned to seize power from the Provisional Government in September 1917. Commander-in-chiefThis is the highest military officer in a country. October Revolution 1917Bolsheviks led a coup against the Provisional Government General staffTop army officers who direct and plan a war. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918Russian treaty with Germany. Russia would withdraw from World War I. In exchange, Russia gave up Finland and territories in Eastern Europe. ChekaSecret police under Lenin and the Communist Party White ArmyIn the Russian Civil War 1918-1921, the Whites were against the Communists. They were a mix of SRs, Menshiks, Kadets, and Czarists. Red ArmyIn the Russian Civil War, the Reds supported the Communist Party. Red TerrorThe arrests and executions of people suspected of being anti-Communist (Whites), 1918-1922. RublesRussian money like Yen or Euros War Communismthe economic policy during the Civil War ComradeA form of address that suggests social equality. Red Guardsa force of dedicated Bolshevik soldiers and workers who are armed New Economic Policy (NEP)Lenin ended War Communism in 1921 because the economy had collapsed and there was starvation. Under NEP, individuals could freely grow crops, for example, and sell them to make a profit. Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)Russia under the Communists from 1924-1991.

Mr. Baker 2012-2013

Week Three: Stalins Rule in the 1920s, Stalins Terror State January 28-February 1
Focus Questions: Did Stalins policies benefit the people of the Soviet Union? Why did Stalin order the purges?

Lynch: Collectivization 200-209 Lynch: Industrialization 210-214 Lynch: The Great Purges 230-238 Vocabulary
First Five Year Plan(1928-1932) Kolkhoz collective farm Twenty-five-thousanders Dizzy with Success 1930 Sovkhozes Soviet state farms in which the land is owned by the government but worked by people Second Five Year Plan (1933-1937) Stakhanovite movement 1935 Totalitarianisma government that attempts to control all aspects of a persons life using new technologies like radio, newspapers, books, music, and film Revolution from abovethe government would hand down changes to the people. Five-Year PlansStalins industrial production targets that were meant to speed up the industrialization, and defense, of the Soviet Union Collectivisation-farmers would have to surrender their land and equipment to community farms OGPUThe secret police under Stalin. OGPU replaced Cheka. DekulakizationStalins policy of breaking the kulak class that might resist his collectivization drive. Three Show trials 1936-38

Week Four: Stalins Rule in the 1920s, Stalins Terror State (Continued) January 28-February 1 Focus Question:
Did life improve for women under the Soviet Union?