PLC Based four-storied

Elevator Model

Pawan D Baronde Anil Kumar Sinha
VIII th Sem Electrical Engg VIII th Sem Electrical Engg
G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering
Nagpur, 440016, INDIA Nagpur, 440016, INDIA
pawan_12584©hotmail.com sahil_2882_sinha©hotmail.com


Abstract. The process of recognizing the as
state of the process at all times, process the
information according to the set of rule and
guideline and accordingly actuating the control
element is referred to as process control. With
human involvement or in a semi-automatic or
fully automatic manner. These fully automatic
manners of controlling of process are term as
automation.
Our model is containing the some smart
feature of residential elevator. In this model we
develop a small vertical type residential
elevator, which configurations are made by
reducing the actual calculation made by Indian
standard.
After completing the mechanical model
the big challenge is to run the model fully
automatic with the aid of PLCs
(programmable logical control), for that we
have to study the PLCs, and the software to
programming the PLCs. In this project we had
also covered the area for industrial automation
in which PLCs used. As under our project we
had have such plcs which output and input as
per our requirement that is near about 10
digital I/O`s so, we select the Allen Bradley
1000 Micro-Logix PLC.
Now after completion of hardware
portion of our project, we had developed
program for running the elevator, these
program are divided into three part i.e.
movement of car, door operation and priority
based demand fulfillment.

Introduction
In the typical elevator, the car is raised
and the lowered by six or eight motor-driven
wire ropes that are attached to the top of the
car at one end, travel around the pair of
sheaves, and the again attachment to a
counterweight at the other end.
The counterweight adds accelerating
force when the elevator car ascending and
providing a retarding effort when the car is
descending so that less motor horsepower is
required. The counter weight is the collection
of metal weight of the car containing about
45% of its rated load. A set of chain are
looped from the bottom of the counter weight
to the under side of the car to help maintain
balance by the offsetting the weight of
suspension ropes. Guide rail that run the
length of the shaft keep the car and counter
weight from swaying or twisting during their
travel. Rollers are attached to the car and the
counter weight is providing smooth travel
along the guide rail. The traction to raise and
lower the car comes from the friction of wire
ropes against the grooved sheaves. The main
sheave is driven by an electric motor.
The elevator controls very the motors
speed based on set of feedback signal that
indicate the car position in the shaft ways as
the car approaches its destination a switch
near the loading signal the controls to stop the
car at floor level addition shaft way limit
switches are installed to manner over travel
condition.


Drives and elevator system
Behind the smoothing and economic
functioning of lift there is a drive. Selection
of motor for driving a lift is key feature and
demand special attention.
Glancing through the electrical feature
that need to be considered, the more
importance are power supply, type of motor,
characteristic of motor like speed, torque,
power factor & current capacity, mechanical
feature that need to be looked upon are
frames insulation connection of drive to lift.
The drive require for elevator system
can be easily divided into the electrical
feature and mechanical feature require for the
drive. Electrical feature for the drive are as
follow.

Design parameter of elevator system

The elevator system design is critical
to the multi story building .The elevator
model which is designed is four storied
building having a auto-door configuration.
The door can be controlled manually as well
as programmable logical controller. In our
designed model the total control of elevator
movement as well as the opening and closing
of the auto door is done by PLCs. the detail of
the drive system and the other component
used in the model are describe below.

Car of Elevator

In the design model the car of elevator
is made up of aluminums plates. The door
system of the car is controlled automatically
by dc motor. The movement of the door is
controlled with the help of gear system. The
opening and closing of the is controlled by
the PLCs, the total weight of the car is 1 Kg.
which is balance by the counter weight
arrange at the backside of the car. Following
are the dimension of the designed car.
Height of the car (H) = 215mm
Depth of the car (D) = 112mm
Width of the car (W) = 132mm


BODY OF ELEVATOR

The body of the elevator is designed
to represent the four-storied building. The
whole body is made to stand on a wooden
platform. The motor and pulley system are
arranged on the wooden box, which is placed
on the top of the designed body the body is
covered with the Glass on its three side for
the better view of inside. The dimension of
the model body is given below.
Height of each floor (a) =12 inch.
Depth of the body (b) = 14 inch.
Width of the body (w) =14 inch.
Height of the machine room =6 inch.
Total height of the body=54 inch.
MOTOR USED FOR THE MODEL ELEVATOR
For the smooth running of the elevator
system the motor is used is D.C servomotor.
The DC servomotor has a following
characteristic
The speed of the motor is of
50to 60 r.p.m.
Its rotate bi-directional.
The torque of the motor is 1
to 1.5 kg.
High efficiency.
Small in size.

Due to its above advantage the bi-
directional D.C servomotor is preferred to
other motor in the model elevator system.
For the opening and closing of the
automatic door system of the car +\- 6volt, 10
rpm dc motor used using separate gear system
to controlled the door movement.

SWITCHES AND OTHER COMPONENTS

In the model of the lift system various
types of controls and indication system are
provided to indicate the present status of the
lift car and the control panel. Descriptions of
each component are described below.
Limit switch: The limit switches are
provided on each floor at specific position
to stop the car. When the car lift comes in
contact with the switch, it closes the
switch contacts, which led to the stop of
the car at that particular model four-limit
switches are provided for each floor and
an additional for operation of the door
closing system.

Demand switch: Demand switches
are provided in each floor for calling of
car. The demand switches are push button
type. On pushing a particular demand
switch the lift car will move toward that
particular floor. If the car is present in that
floor only, its door will automatically
open after giving the demand.

Emergency switch: The emergency
switch is provided with model system for
any emergency condition. On operating
the emergency switch the whole system
will stop operating and car will stop in its
moving position.

Indicators: Four indicator lamps are
provided in each floor for indication of
the floor position of the lift car. Four other
lamps are used to indicate the movement
of the lift car in any particular direction
i.e. upward or downward. One indicator is
used to indicate the ON position of the
system i.e. it will lit only if the whole
system is made ON.

COUNTER WEIGHT

The counter weight is made up of
concrete and placed at the backside of the car
and is connected with the car with synthetic
rope through a pulley. The weight of the car
and the counter weight are equally balanced.

CONCLUSION
The elevator model that is designed in
our project has a number of features. It has
been designed keeping in mind all the basic
requirements of a modern elevator system.
The structure is that of a four-storied lift with
provisions for demands from various floors.
These features are mentioned below.
Fire alarm: A provision has been made in the
elevator model to safeguard it against any sort
of fire hazard. A fire sensor is set up in the
model which senses any sign of fire in its
vicinity and an alarm goes on if the sensor
gets activated.
Priority based demand fulfillment: This
feature comes into the picture in case when
more than one demand is made at the same
instant. Under this condition priority is given
to that demand that was made first, then the
next one and so on. This is done to ensure that
the person who presses the demand first is
catered first. For this a provision is made in
the program so that every demand is stored
and taken care of which is achieved with the
help of FIFO which works on the first come
first serve basis.
Emergency exit: In case of an emergency
situation this feature comes into play. If the
person inside the car wants to move out of the
car due to some problem then he can simply
push the emergency exit button after which
the lift car will automatically stop and the
supply is turned off. With this the person can
move out of the car whenever he/she wants
to.
Floor check provision: In this if a single
demand is made then such a facility is
provided in the program that it automatically
checks all the floors while moving in its
initial specified motion. So because of this
feature all possible demands in each and
every floor is catered to on the basis of a
single demand.


REFERENCES

1. Estevez, E. marcos Building PLC
automation project factory
communication system, IEEE CNF
June
2. Hugh Jack, Automated manufacturing
system Programmable logic control ,
3. Mitra and Gupta , Programmable logic
control and industrial automation ,
Panrom International publication ,
India.
4. Pardeep Kumar Shrivastava,
Exploring Programmable logic
controller with application , BPP
Publication.
5. Manual book of Allen Bradley PLC
6. Factory manual of OTIS Elevator