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PACs Lisa Houston Contributes Significantly to the Chemical Industry Fast Alternate Distillation Method Now I ncluded in ASTM D975-12 Flow Modulated GC*GC International Standards Updates Upcoming Events Training Sessions and Workshops
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PAC Insider is the periodic newsletter of PAC, LP For more information, or additional copies of this newsletter, visit www.paclp.com or email marketing@paclp.com. 2013 PAC, LP
Celebrating a Decade of Exceptional Noack Testing Performance 3 Researchers at UCF Automate Biodiesel Production With CVI's In-line Viscometer Analyze Nitrogen in Fuel Oil by Chemiluminescence with the MultiTek 3 4
Special Promotion PAC is offering two special discounts on GS PPA and TD PPA analyzers: 20% discount on new GS PPA/TD PPA analyzers 35% Discount on new GS PPA/TD PPA analyzers with trade-in This special offer is available till June 30, 2013 and is only for end users placing orders directly with PAC. Click here to see the full details. Please fill in an online form, contact your local sales representative, or email pacsales@paclp.com for more information.
W W W. PA C L P. C O M | F E B R UARY 2013
Researchers at UCF Automate Biodiesel Production With Cambridge Viscositys In-line Viscometer
Automating the process of producing biodiesel was a challenge for researchers at the University of Central Floridas School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Engineers at Cambridge Viscosity (CVI) implemented an in-line viscometer to help the researchers reach their goal of an efficient way to produce biodiesel. To produce biodiesel, oil is mixed with alcohol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The reaction, known as transeterfication, produces glycerol as a waste by-product. The viscosity of the glycerol is a key parameter, as high viscosity content can lead to potential problems, such as clogged fuel filters or fuel pressure drops. The researchers used a CVI VISCOpro 1600 viscometer to monitor the viscosity of the glycerol byproduct. Using potassium hydroxide as the catalyst for the transeterfication process, the team removed the glycerol by-product that sank to the bottom of the mixing chamber and routed it through pipes leading to the viscometer. If the glycerols viscosity reading was more than 6 mPas, the glycerol was directed to a waste container. After washing the biodiesel, the wastewater was also directed to the viscometer, and if the viscosity was lower than 3 mPas, was discarded. University researcher Kevin Brachle said the viscometer was simple to operate and produced accurate results. The digital measurements we obtained from the VISCOpro were easy to integrate with our microcontroller and allowed us to determine if the biodiesel was on target. By monitoring the viscosity of the glycerol we were able to consistently produce quality biodiesel fuel, says Brachle. By using the Cambridge viscometer, Kevin was able to provide the research team with the data required to tune their process while minimizing human exposure to hazardous chemicals. To read the full report, please email pacsales@paclp.com.
Click on the image or title below to read the full paper. Effective Viscosity Management In Asphalt And Lubrication Oil Refineries Accurate Viscosity Measurement Under Extreme Pressure And Temperature Conditions
Nitric oxide is reacted with ozone (O3), produced by an onboard ozone generator, to form NO2* (metastable nitrogen dioxide). As the metastable species decays, photons are emitted at a specific wavelength range and detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT).
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Instrumentation Antek MultiTek Horizontal Nitrogen with Model 735 Syringe Drive, Model 740 MultiMatrix, and Model 748 or 758 Autosampler. Instrument parameters
Sample Volume (l) GFC 1- Ar/He (ml/min) GFC 2- Pyro O2 (ml/min) GFC 3- Ozone O2 GFC 4- Carrier O2 (ml/min) Furnace (C) Nitrogen PMT voltage (V) Model 735 Speed 5 130 450 35 25 1050 700 1800
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CALIBRATION The calibration was performed as per ASTM D5762 using nitrogen as acridine in xylene standards in the range of 0-100 ng/l.
CONCLUSION The MultiTek analyzer demonstrates the ability to accurately determine the total nitrogen in fuel oil. The analysis allows the user to monitor the production process of intermediate and final products and protect the expensive catalysts used in refining processes.
W W W. PA C L P. C O M | F E B R UARY 2013
The Chemical Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit organization that preserves the history and heritage of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related sciences, recently conducted a project to capture career insights of women working in chemistry and related sciences. Lisa Houston, PAC Director of Applications Engineering, was featured in this project due to her significant contribution to the sciences. In this interview, Lisa spoke of her career journey and offered advice to new and upcoming women in the industry. Lisa stated that one of the keys to success is to Be flexible. You never know where lifes going to take you. That philosophy is exactly what led her into the chemistry field to begin with since she was originally a biology major. Lisa also advised that you should determine your strengths and build upon them to accelerate professional growth and that with enough drive, anything is possible. Lisa also suggested becoming actively involved in professional organizations, which she has done with great success throughout
her career. She is a dedicated member of the American Chemical Society (ACS) and has worked for its membership through governance positions in numerous groups. She was named an ACS Fellow in 2012. She is also actively involved in ASTM and received an Award of Appreciation at the December ASTM Meeting in Norfolk. To listen to the full interview, please click here.
blending processes for various refining streams, including motor gasoline, fuel oils, naphtha and diesel. Customers are able to have greater control over their process since full distillation analysis can be provided every 7 minutes. This enables continuous process optimization and production control throughout. The ISL MicroDist has several additional benefits, including: Certified explosion protected construction - Meets ATEX - Ex II 2 G Ex px IIC T4 and CUS Easy to use Automates calibration, validation, sample analysis, and data reporting which decreases operator intervention Low cost of ownership Little maintenance needed and low consumable usage By using the same technology at a variety of aspects in plants and refineries, including in labs and within the process, end users are able to increase profitability by maximizing production and prevent product giveaway.
Accuracy of the system was validated by comparing various different Jet Fuels and reference standards with known aromatics content (established by EN12916:2006 analysis). Results are displayed in figure 1. Results using the AC GCxGC method compare well with EN12916:2006 with respect to EN12916:2006 reproducibility limits for all samples and standards.
RESULTS The analysis of Jet Fuel on the AC optimized flow modulated GCxGC yields total Paraffins, total Naphtenes and total Aromatics (PNA) results. Calibration is performed by external standard method, containing typical components present in Jet Fuels. The external standard results are normalized for optimum accuracy and precision. Because the mechanical complexity of the modulator has been significanty reduced, these results can be obtained with minimal training. ACCURACY AND PRECISION Precision (repeatability) of the application was determined by making repeated runs of NIST1616B standard (n=11). Repeatability for the 3 groups paraffins, naphtenes & aromatics was found to be around 0.1% RSD as shown in the Table 1.
Figure 1. GCxGC Aromatic Content versus EN12916 :2006 (confidence levels based on 2 times standard deviation EN12916:2006)
CONCLUSION Making use of the novel GCxGC technique provides insight into the group- composition of Jet Fuels without using complex hardware and large volumes of liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide. It is the combination of a rugged, low-maintenance flow-modulator and the well-established FID detector. This makes Jet Fuel grouptype information not only feasible, but also rugged enough to run continuously in any routine lab environment. You may find out more information about this solution on the PAC website.
W W W. PA C L P. C O M | F E B RUARY 2013
PAC Product
AC Fame in Jet Fuel by GC Heart Cut CFPP (linear cooling) Alcor IHT Alcor JFTOT IV Antek MultiTek Cambridge Viscometer precision Herzog CID 510 Herzog PMD 110 Herzog PMD 110 ISL VIDA PetroSpec TD-PPA
Method approved as D7807 Method approved at EI and to be balloted in 2013 as ASTM method IP PM EL (draft method) Development precision statement prEN 16329 Method is in CEN Formal Vote ASTM D1655 Jet Fuel Specification Method revision approved ASTM D3241 Thermal Oxidation Balloting for inclusion ASTM ILS programs Included in several for halides, nitrogen, and sulfur ASTM D7483 Dynamic and Kinematic Method revision approved Viscosity ASTM D7668 Derived Cetane Number ILS ending in February 2013 ASTM D7345 Micro Distillation Method Balloting for use in D1655 Jet Fuel Specification ASTM D7345 Micro Distillation Method ILS for FAME concluded ASTM D5002 Density Method Density method balloting for revision no visual bubble observation needed ASTM Method Approved
Method
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Optidist Training February 19 MultiTek Training February 19 - 21 ASTM D56, 92, 93 Certification Training March 5th ISL Flashpoint Operator Training March 6th Herzog Flashpoint Operator Training March 7th
PAC is a leading global provider of advanced analytical instruments for laboratories and online process applications in industries such as refinery, petrochemical, biofuels, environmental, food & beverage, and pharmaceutical. To provide its customers with cutting edge technology, PAC leverages significant R&D resources to support its core technologies, including chromatography, elemental analysis, physical properties, and fuels composition. PAC Insider is the periodic newsletter of PAC, LP | For more information, or additional copies of this newsletter, visit www.paclp.com or email us at marketing@paclp.com 2012 PAC, LP