Chemistry

1. |seDT sDeTT
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+<+ >\ b{H eT]jTT q{H\qT `````````` n+{sT.

b{H\ yX+ ````````````
q{H\ yX+ ```````
m\H\ yX+ ```````````
m\H qT>=q~ ```````````````
yTT yTT<{ |seDT qeTHqT |b~+q~ ```````````````````
<eTH m\H\T ````````````` +{jT u$+#&T.
<eTH |seDT qeTH ``````````` qT $e]+# bsTT+~.
s<sY |sY ````````````` |j>+ <s+> |seDT qeTHqT |b~+#&T.
s<sY |sY |seDT qeTHqT ```````````````````` qeTH < `````````` qeTH n+{sT.
s<sY |sY qeTH |s+ |seDTe\T `````````` > e+{sTT.
s<sY|sY qeTH |s+ |seDT <es jT+jTT < ````` $T& jTT+T+~.
++ d<+ |b~+q~ `````````
++ d<+| d s|+
E=h h qT `````````````````````` n+{sT.
b+ ds+eTT ( h ) $\Te ```````````````
b+ q ++ d<+ |j+ ```````` $sD $XB]+#&T.
usY |seDT qeTH `````` d<++ <s+> |b~+#&q~.
usY qeTH |s+ m\H\T ````````````````` sT>TsTT.
+< <>Zs> qTq ds X `````````````
m\H ````` X >\ qT+& `````````` X >\ <qT.
m\H uV qT+& n+s eq|&T s+&T X\ u<+ <Zs s|+
y\Te&TT+~. B $\Te ``````````
m\H DjT <ey>+ ```````` |Ps++.
ds sT>TTq m\H DjT <ey>+ `````````````
mvr = nh/2 n qT ````````` n+{sT.
njTk+ + es| sK\T q q |s K\T> $&be& ```````` n+{sT.
````````` m\H (\T) >\ |seDTe\ eyT usY |seDT qeTH e]dT+~.
Bses \qT |yX |{q~ `````````
Bses \ sT>TTq m\H DjT <ey>+ `````````
keTsY| |s+ ds\T ``````` > $u+#&TsTT.
m\H <+< due+ (D+ eT]jTT s+ >+) +T+< |b~+q~ ```````
m\H <+< due+ <s+> \sTTdt & u^ ----````````` $XB]+#&T.
m\H s+> dMTsD+ |b~+q~ `````````
X&+sY s+> dMTsD+ jTT k<q\T ```` qH sDyT+~.
ds\qT ````````` $\Te\ d+#e#T
ds \ |ds\qT `````````` n+{sT.
dsqTq |ds d+K ds jTT ```` $\Te| <s|& e+T+~.
M | ds \ d+K ```
``````````````` |ue+ |ds \T dyTq X deTV\T> $& bsTT.
|<q ++ d+KqT ````````` q ````````````` <s+> |b~+#&T.
N ss+ jTT n $\Te ````````

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dE eT]jTT X d+#T ++ d+K ``````````````

ds qTq |ds \ d+K `````` deq+.
neTT ++ d+K( l ) qT ````````` q ````````` <s+> |b~+#&T.
neTT ++ d+KqT ````````` ++ d+K n L& n+{sT.
l jTT >]w $\Te ```
| ds jTT ``````````````` ++ d+K <s+> s]+#e#TqT.
l = 0 nsTTq|&T ``````````````` > e+T+~.
njTk+ ++ d+K ( m ) qT |b~+q~```````
m $\Te ````````` $\Te |<s|& jTT+T+~.
l $\Te q yTT+ n $\Te\ d+K ````````
deq X >\ ]{qT ````````` n+{sT.
njTk+ + ]{ jTT <Hk ````````` \T|T+~.
n e X >\ sseTT ````
L ss+ e+&T | ss\T ```
n = 5 nsTTq|&T l jTT >]w $\Te ````
f ]{ ``````````` ss+ +{sTT.
dH ++ d+KqT |b~+q~ ``````````
m\H dH $\Te ````````
| X ksTT ````````````` m\H\ |yX+ +T+~.
+<+ #TT m\H qT>=H d+ue *q b+ ````````````` n+{sT.
]{ `````````` e+T+~.
K ss+ qTq ]{ ```````
L ss+ qTq ]{ `````````````
M ss+ qTq ]{ ``````````
N ss+ qTq ]{ ````````````
3s ]{ jTT n $\Te ``````
m\H qT>=H d+ue dTq >\ b+ `````````` n+{sT.
L ss+ qT+& ````````` ]{ yTT<\esTT.
p ]{ ```````` s+ e+{sTT.
d ]{ ````````` ss+ qT+& yTT<\esTT.
yTT+ d ]{ d+K `````````
n e X >\ ]{ ````````
3s, 3p \ e X >\ ]{ ``````````
]{ m\H\qT u #jTT e `````````````` + <s #b&T.
|seDTe m\H\T @ ]{ +& jTTHj \T|qT `````````` n+{sT.
|tu jTeTeTT |s+ m\H\T ````````` ]{qT $T+#T+{sTT.
|tu jTe ++ d+K\ |s+> #| q|&T m\H ```` $\Te e *q
]{qT $T+#T+T+~.
s ]{ jTT l $\Te ```
p ]{ jTT l $\Te ````
d ]{ jTT l $\Te ``````
f ]{ jTT l $\Te `````

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deTX ]{ = m\H +&q sTyH L&+ sT>TT+~. BH ````````

jTeT+ n+{sT.
s+&T m\H\ H\T> ++ d+K\T deq+ e nqTq~ ``````` jTeT+.
Si (z = 14 ) m\H $HdeTT `````
Zn ( z = 30 ) m\H $HdeTT `````
K (z = 19) m\H $HdeTT `````
Cr ( z = 24 ) m\H $HdeTT `````
+< eT]jTT y\ ]{ eT<> <s+ ````````` < `````` n+{sT.
|seDT yks+ `````````` jT =\TksT.
1 A0 =

|seDT yks+ ```````````````````````` | <s|&jTT+T

yjTTd qTq |seDT e] ]{ qT+& m\HqT rdyjTT e*dq
d X ``````````` n+{sT.
njTsD X+ jTT |eD\T ````````
+< yX+ |]q =\~ njTsD X+ ``````````
|seDT dE |]q =\~ njTsD X+ ````````
njH yX+ |]q =\~ njTsD X+ ``````````
yjTT d qTq d |seDTe uksTT qTq|&T m\H qT #] $&T<\jT
X ````````````` n+{sT.
m\H |{ ```````````` \ =\TksT.
3p, 4s, 3d eT]jTT 4p \ n\ X>\ ]{ ````````
3d ]{ |P]> +&q sTy m\H `````````` |y+#TqT.
Cu jTT y\ m\H $HdeTT ```````````````

|sT#TeTT
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>| ' m
usY
keTsY |
H u eT]jTT >& dY
+&
\sTTdt & u^
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|<q ++ d+K
s+> dMTsD+
>V eT+&\ qeTH
$sD ++ d<++
neTT ++ d+K

m)
_)
d)
&)
)

>| ' _
Bses \T
dH ++ d+K
m\H <+< due+
ds \T
njTk+ ++ d+K

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m)
_)
d)
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keTsY |
s<sY |sY
e b+
usY
]H X&+sY

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K ss+
L ss+
M ss+
N ss+
O ss+

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Ar
Al
Mg
Ca
Ne

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m)
_)
d)
&)
)

l=2
l=0
f ]{
n=2
s,p,d,f,g ]{

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A)
B)
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D)
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1s22s22p6
1s22s22p63s2
1s22s22p63s23p6
1s22s22p63s23p64s2
1s22s22p63s23p1

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !

yT\T
1)qjH\T 2) <HyX+ 3) +&<T
4) TTDyX+ 5) C.C.<eTH 6) C.C.<eTH
7) +<+ 8) |seDT es|{ 9) D |]|D 10) >V eT+&\ qeTH <
qjTsY qeTH 11) >s+ 12) +<+ 13) e b+ 14) E = h
15) b+ ds+eTT 16) 6.625I10`27 msYZ dH (<) 6.625I10`34 C dH 17) w edTe
18) b+ ++ 19) ds 20) e 21) e 22) E 2 E1 = h 23) h/2
24) mvr = nh/2 25) |<q ++ d+K 26) JeTH |*eTT 27) +]
28) keTsY | 29) mvr = kh/2 30) |ds \T> 31) \sTTdt & u^
32) DjT <e y> +{sD 33) ]H X&+sY 34) |seDT ]{
35) |<q ++ d+K (n) 36) |seDT ]{ 37) n 38) 3 39) njTk+
40) usY, ds\ 41) 4 42) |<q ++ d+K 43) n2 44) keTsY |, Bses
45) DjT <ey> 46) (n-1) 47) neTT ++ d+K 48) es+
49) +& 50) l 51) (2l + 1 ) 52) deTX ]{ 53) m 54) K 55) s,p 56) 4
57) N 58) H u eT]jTT >& dY 59) G1/2 < `1/2 60) 2 61) ]{
62) >s+ 63) s 64) s,p 65) s,p,d 66) s,p,d,f 67) 3 68) H& \eTT 69) p
70) &+u 71) M 72) 5 73) 1s 74) 3s 75) esTT\sY 76) m\H $HdeTT
77) e 78) n + l 79) 0 80) 1 81) 2 82) 3 83) VQ+& jTeT+ 84) besq
85) 1s22s22p63s23p2 or [Ne] 3s23p2 86) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 or [Ar] 4s23d10
87) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 or [Ar] 4s1 88) 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 or [Ar] 4s13d5
89) |seDT dE < |seDT yks+ 90) m+> kyT (A0) 91) 10`8 d+.MT.

92) |<q ++ d+K 93) njTsD X+ 94) m\H y\T < .\/y < .C/y
95) |sT>TqT 96) >TZqT 97) |sT>TqT 98) m\H n|{ 99) m\H y
100) 3p 101) 4p 102) 3d104s1
|sT#T
1)
6)
11)
16)

D
D
B
C

2) A
7) E
12) D
17) E

3) B
8) B
13) A
18) B

4) E
9) C
14) C
19) D

5) C
10) A
15) E
20) A

)))))))

= eT\\ m\H $HdeTT\T

eT\+
d++
V&H
H
V*jT+
He
*~jT+
Li
u]*jT+
Be
usH
B
sH
C
H{H
N
H
O
b]H
F
jH
Ne
k&jT+
Na
yT^wjT+
Mg
n\$TjT+
Al
d*H
Si
bdsdt
P
d\sY
S
]H
Cl
sZH
Ar
b{wjT+
K

|seDT d+K
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19

m\H $HdeTT
1s1
1s2
1s22s1
1s22s2
1s22s22p1
1s22s22p2
1s22s22p3
1s22s22p4
1s22s22p5
1s22s22p6
1s22s22p63s1
1s22s22p63s2
1s22s22p63s23p1
1s22s22p63s23p2
1s22s22p63s23p3
1s22s22p63s23p4
1s22s22p63s23p5
1s22s22p63s23p6
1s22s22p63s23p64s1

1s1
1s2
[He] 2s1
[He] 2s2
[He] 2s22p1
[He] 2s22p2
[He] 2s22p3
[He] 2s22p4
[He] 2s22p5
[Ne]
[Ne] 3s1
[Ne] 3s2
[Ne] 3s23p1
[Ne] 3s23p2
[Ne] 3s23p3
[Ne] 3s23p4
[Ne] 3s23p5
[Ar]
[Ar] 4s1

*jT+
k+&jT+
f{jT+
yH&jT+
$TjT+
e+>dt
|sdt
u

|sY
+

Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Co
Zn

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1s22s22p63s23p64s2
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3
1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10

[Ar] 4s2
[Ar] 4s23d1
[Ar] 4s23d2
[Ar] 4s23d3
[Ar] 4s13d5
[Ar] 4s23d5
[Ar] 4s23d6
[Ar] 4s23d7
[Ar] 4s23d8
[Ar] 4s13d10
[Ar] 4s23d10

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m\qT\T |seDTe qT+& eTs= |seDTe ~ e&+ e\ @s& +<+ `````` +<+
m\H +\ |+|D e\ @s& +<+ ````````````````` +<+.
y\ ]{ 8 m\qT\T e+f n{ $Hk ``````````````````` n+{sT.
+<+ @s&q sTy s+&T |seDTe\ eT< <s ````````````` n+{sT.
+< <seTT e< nDTe X, <+&T |seDTe\ yTT+ X +f ````````` e+T+~.
&yjTTe m\H $Hk b+<T |seDTe\T m\qTqT sTT>, |+#T=e&+ e\ >
```````` @ssTksTT.
+<X ]{ ```````````````` | <s |& jTT+T+~.
e+qTq deTjjT +<\T $T<H +<\+f ````````````
s s nb+ e\ @s&T nDTe ````
p p nb+ e\ @s&T nDTe `````````````
s - p nb+ e\ @s&T nDTe ```````````````
n+ nb+ e\ ```````````````` +<+ @s&TT+~.
\yTq +<+ ````````````````+<+
````````` +<+ d++> @s& >\<T.
+<+q <VsD `````````````````````````
bs nb+ e\ @s&T +<+ ```````````````` +<+
s+&T |seDTe\ eT< +<+ +&\+f y{eT< K+> ``````````` +<+ e+&*.
+<eTTq<VsD ````````````````
@ +<eTTq nDTe `````` +<+ eyT e+T+~.
~+<+ ``````` +<+, ````````` +<+ e+{sTT.
~+<<VsD ```````````````
+<+ ````````` +<\T, `````````` +<\T e+{sTT.
+<<VsD `````````````
|seDTe m\H +qT <q+ #jT&+ e\ @s& +<+ ``````````````` +<+.
deTqjT deTjjT +<<VsD ```````````````
NH3BF3 m\H < `````````, >V ````````````
n ~ |seDT nDTe\T `````````` > e+{sTT.
{ nDTe `````````
{ nDTe +<yTs&q sTy H | ````` +] m\H +\T e+{sTT.
nyj nDTe ```````````
nyj+<yTs&q sTy H{H | ````````` +] m\H +\T+{sTT.
PCl3 nDTe ````````
PCl5 nDTe ```````````
CO2 nDTe ``````````
``````````` me> e+f \yTq +<+ @s&TqT.
|sT#TeTT
>| : m

>| : _

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+<+
+<+
p p nb+
s - p nb+
s - s nb+

f>q u |s$T&
|s$T&
sFjTeTT
V
+<eTT

(
(
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(
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A)

F2

B)
C)
D)
E)

H2
Hcl

bs nb+
n+ nb+

(
(
(
(
(

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)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

N2
Pcl5
H2O
NH3
CO2

yT\T
1. nj 2. deTjjT
3. nw $HdeTT
4. +< <seTT
5. e
6. skjTq +<+ 7. nb+ 8. \yTq$ 9. H2 10. F2, Cl2, Br2, O2 11. Hcl, HBr, HI, H2S, etc.
12. d> ( ) 13. d> () 14. d> 15. H2, Hcl, Cl2, BF3, BeF2, etc. 16. 17.
18. C2H2, CO2, O2, N2, etc. 19. 20. , 21. CO2, O2 etc. 22. , s+&T
23. C2H2, CaCl2, HcN etc. 24. deTqjT deTjjT 25. NH3BF3 26. NH3, BF3
27. sFjTeTT 28. DjT+ < V 29. s+&T 30. |s$T& 31. s+&T
32. |s$T& 33. f>q u |s$T& 34. sFjT+ 35. ]{ nb+.

|s#T
1)
6)

E
B

2)
7)

D
D

3)
8)

A
E

4)
9)

C
C

5)
10)

B
A

1.

eT\\ eZsD, esq |{

eT\\qT yTTyTT<{> eZ]+q~ ````````

2.

&sYsY j& eT< eT\| |seDT us+ yTT<{, eT&e eT\\ |seDT us\ `````````````` deqeTT

3.
4.

&sY sY j& <VsD `````````````

q+& eZsD |seTT eT\\qT y{ |seDT us\ sVD eTeTT neT]q|&T
yTT<{ eT]jTT 8e eT\| <s\T $<+> eHsTT. |b<qqT ```` n+{sT.
yT+&|t eT]jTT <sY yTjTsY\T ```````` <s+> eT\\ eZsD #XsT.
>*jT+ ( |seDT us+ 68) |sT |{q Xgy ```````
k+&jT+ ( |seDT us+ 44) |sT |{q Xgy ````````
yT+&|t esq jTeT+ |s+ eT\\ <s\T y{ ````````` esq |yTj\T.
yd $d esq |{qT ````````` <s+> sb+~+#sT.
$d esq |{ n&T esTd\qT ``````````` n+{sT.
$d esq |{ \Te esTd\qT ```````````` n+{sT.
$d esq |{ `````` |]jT&\T, ```````` >|\T \e.
$d esq |{ yTT<{ |]jT& eT\\ d+K ````
$d esq |{ s+&e |]jT& eT\\ d+K ```````````
$d esq |{ eT&e |]jT& eT\\ d+K ```````````````
$d esq |{ H\Ze, <e |]jT& eT\\ d+K ```````````````
$d esq |{ @&e |]jT& eT\\ d+K ```````````````
$d esq |{ nd+|P]> qTq |]jT& ``````````````
|seDT d+K 57 qT+& 70 es >\ eT\\qT `````````` n+{sT.
|seDT d+K 89 qT+& 102 es >\ eT\\qT ```````` n+{sT.
&yjTTe\ y\ m\H $Hd+ ```````````
$d esq |{ | |]jT& ``````````````` eTT>TdT+~.
s u eT\\ k<sD m\H $HdeTT ````````````
p u eT\\ k<sD m\H $HdeTT ```````````` qT+& ````````` es e+T+~.
+< m\H\qT eTy| ]+# duy ````````````` n+{sT.
TTD $<T<qT ``````````````````````` =\TksT.
m\HqT sTT <H njH> es{ ```````````````````````` n+{sT.
dyTH H \T| < V&H =\+#TqT ``````````````````` n+{sT.
dyTH V&H \T| < H =\+#TqT ```````````` n+{sT.
s eT]jTT p u eT\\qT *| ``````````````` n+{sT.
d u eT\\qT ``````````````````` eT\\T nL& n+{sT.
f u eT\\qT `````````````` eT\\T nL& n+{sT.
+<HsTT&\T eT]jTT HsTT& \qT *| ```````````` eT\\T n+{sT.
n~ TTD$<T< *q eT\eTT ``````````````
n eT\\ TTD $<T<qT ``````````` b* ssTTksT.

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n~ <q $<T< *q eT\eTT `````````````

n\ <q $<T< *q eT\eTT ````````````````
esq |{ m&eTy|qTq eT\\T \yTq ``````````````` > |#ksTT.
esq |{ &y|qTq eT\\T \yTq ``````````````````> |#ksTT.

|]jT& eT]jTT >|\ |seDT <s\ eT

e.d+. |seDT <s+
1.
|seDT |]eD+
2. TTD $<T<
3. <q $<T<
4. sD
<s +
5. jTsD <s+
6. njTsD
X +

|]jT& (m&eT qT+& &)

>TZqT
|sT>TqT
>TZqT
|sT>TqT
>TZqT
]w eT+ <T

>| ( |qT+& +~)

|sT>TqT
>TZqT
|sT>TqT
>TZqT
|sT>TqT
>TZqT

|sT#TeTT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

&yjTTe\T
s - u eT\\
p - u eT\\T
d<+ s
|]esq eT\\T

(
(
(
(
(

)
)
)
)
)

A)

III A >
|

B)

&sYsY
d - u eT\\T
dTH >|
f - u eT\\T
I A >|
yT+&|t

C)
D)
E)
F)
G)

yT\T
1. &sYsY 2. dsd] 3. Li, Na, K, ; Cl, Br, I; S, Se, Te, ; Fe, Co, NI;
4. q+& nw |]\q 5. |seDT us+ 6. &uk&H 7. \H
8. |seDT us\ 9. |seDT d+K 10. |]jT&\T 11. >|\T 12. 7, 16 13. 2
14. 8 15. 8 16. 18, 18 17. 32. 18. 7e 19. +<HsTT&\T 20. HsTT&\T
21. ns2np6 (V*jT+ |) 22. &yjTTe 23. ns1 & ns2 24. ns2 np1 qT+& ns2np5
25. TTD $<T< 26. b*+> d\T 27. <q $<T< 28. sD+
29. jTsD+ 30. b< 31. |]esq 32. n+s |]esq 33. u
34. b]H (4.0) 35. b]H 36. ddjT+ 37. b]H 38. jTsDT\T>
39. sDT\T >

|sT#T
1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

1.
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s eT V\T
>| II A eT\\qT `````````` n+{sT.
u] [Be3Al2(Sio3)6] ````````````````````` jTT <Te
Mg jTT d{ s|+ <Te `````````
us{\T[ BaSo4] ```````````````` jTT <Te
m|+ \eDeTT { nDTe\ d+K ````````````
&\yT{ qTq V\T ````````````````
Be qT+& Ra es |seDT dE ``````````````
Be qT+& Ra es TTD$<T< ````````````
s eT V\T { #sH=+~ ````````````` qT $&T<\ #jTTqT.
{ #sH=+< seT V+ ````````````
>| II AeT\\T H eT+& ```````````` \qT @ssTksTT.
u]*jT+ H ``````````` q e c> e< #sH=+<TqT.
seT V &T\T ```````````` duy * jTT+{sTT.
`````````` qT H eT+&+q|&T &T b{ |s&T\ #TqT.
>| II AeT\\T (u]*jT+ |) H2 #s b+~ ````````` \qT @ss#TqT.
BecL2 qT+& BeH2 qT jsT #jTT|j+#T seTT ``````````````
seT V\jTT ]H #sH=+~ `````````````````````` \qT @ssTksTT.
Becl2``````````````` |<seTT
>* eTqT XwD+ #dT = b>\#T V s& ```````````````````````````
u]*jT+ | $T*q seT V s&\T ```````````` <s |<]ksTT.
seT V\qT ````` <s jsT #ksT.
Mg qT Mgcl2 qT+& d+>VD #jTTq|&T `````` eT]jTT ``` \T|sT.
Mg qT Mgcl2 qT+& d+>VD #jTTq|&T Kcl eT]jTT Nacl \T| e\ ``````` >TZT+~,
eT]jTT ```--------------``|sT>TT+~.
Mgcl2 $<T~XwD+ <&T `` ````````
Mgcl2 $<T~XwD+ H&T ```````````
Mg qT Mgcl2 qT+& d+>VD #jTTq|&T y\Te&T yjTTe ````````
Mg qT Mgcl2 qT+& d+>V+#Tq|&T Mg |qT+& `````` yjTTeqT |+| <s sD
y]ksT .
>| II A eT\\T n~ #so\ *jTT+&T# ````` d \_+#e.
uDd+# j |j+#T seT V+ `````````
seT V\ `````````, `````` kH\T ]w e b{+#e.

PREPARED BY A. NAGA RAJA SEKHAR, S.A(P.S), Z.P.S.S. CHATHAKONDA

 |sT#TeTT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

u]
&\yT{
s{
us {
e>d{
m|+ \eDeTT

A)

MgSo4 7H2O

B)

Be3Al2(Sio3)6

C)

BaSo4

D)

MgCo3

E)

CaCo3MgCo3

F)

MgCl2 Kcl 6H2O

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

u]*jT+
yTwjT+
*jT +
kjT +
u]jT+
s &jT +

A)

[Ne] 3s2

B)

[Ar] 4s2

C)

[He] 2s2

D)

[Rn] 7s2

E)

[Kr] 5s2

F)

[Xe] 6s2

yT\T
1) eT V\T 2) u]*jT+ 3) m|+ \eDeTT (MgSo4 7H2O ) 4) u]jT+ 5) 7
6) Mg, Ca 7) |sT>TqT 8) >TZqT 9) >TZqT 10) V&H 11) u]*jT+ 12) &
13) 6000C 14) s 15) Ba 16) V&& 17) *~jT+ n\$TjT+ V&& (LiAlH4)
18) V s& 19) deTjjT 20) BeCl2 21) nj 22) $<T~XwD
23) Kcl , eT]jTT NaCl 24) <Mueq kq+, yV 25) qT| =f 26) >|{ &
27) ]H 28) yjTTe 29) eT\ 30) Mg 31) <Mueq, uwueq
|s#T
1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10) E

11)

12) D

<eD\T
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<eD+ k|+> e |]eDeTT qTq |T ```````````````` n+{sT.

<eD+ k|+> me |]eDeTTqTq |T ```````````````````` n+{sT.
<$eTT G <eD R `````````````
ds c> e< 100 >eTT\T <eD sT>T <$ >]w |]eD ```````` n+{sT.
<eDjT `````````,``````,````````` \| <s|& e+&TqT.
k&jT+ <j d{ k<sD HeTeTT ``````````````
ndsyTq <eD d ``````````` d.
H|H ``````````` sT>TqT.
nj dyTH\T ``````````````````````````` |<]ksTT.
deTjjT dyTH\T ````````````` |<]ksTT.
sT ``````````````````` dyTq+,.
<e <$\T `````````````````````` <eDT\ sT>TsTT.
c> |] Nacl <eDjT ````````````````
c> |+q|&T dsdt d{ [Ce2(So4)3]<eDjT ````````````````
c> |+q|&T k&jT+ Hf{ (NaNo3) <eDjT ```````````````
Co2 qT { ]d @s&T <eD ````````````` n+{sT.
<eD+ qTq <$ |]eD ``````````````````` n+{sT.
|eD <eD\T ````````` jsT#ksT.
100 >// <eD+ ]jTTq <$ us ````````` n+{sT.
usXeTT R ````````
100 $T.. <eD+ qTq <$ |Tq|]eD ``````````` n+{sT.
sT <eD+ ]jTTq <$ y < >yT y\ d+KqT ``````````` n+{sT.
yTT]{ R ```````````````
yTT]{ R ````````````````
yTT]{ |eD\T ````````````
<eD yTT]{ ````````` | <s|& jTT+&TqT.
>& *dq <eD `````````````````````` n+{sT.
<eD+ qTq |T y d+K, eT]jTT <eD+ qTq yTT+ y\ d+K >\ w
``````````````````` n+{sT.
<eD+ qTq n |T\ u>\ yTT+ ````````````` deqeTT.
Na2Co3 nDTus+ ```````````
NaoH nDTus+ ````````````
|<s\T ] njqT*# |jTqT ```````````````` n+{sT.
100% njTsDeTT #+~q dyTH\qT ````````````````````` n+{sT.
100% q e njTsDeTT #+~q dyTH\qT ```````````` n+{sT.

35.
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38.
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41.

\Vq $<T~Xc\ >&qT Z+#T e\q ````````````````````` |sT>TqT.

<eD| c> |+ njTsD XeTT ``````````````````````
c>qT |+ yjTTe\ <eDjT ```````````````````
sT <eD> >\ <eD\qT `````````````` n+{sT.
\ <eD+ <eD`````````````
400$T.., 0.1M, H2So4 <eD+ qTq H2So4 |]eD+ ``````````
H|H bsT ````````````````````

yT\T

1) <$eTT 2) <eD 3) <eDeTT 4) <eDjT 5) <eD due+, <$ due+,

c> 6) Vb 7) nd+| 8) sdH 9) <e 10) n<e
11) <e 12) <e 13) es<T 14) >TZqT 15) |sT>TqT 16) k& 17) >&
18) |eD | 19) usXeTT 20) <$ useTT I 100 21) |Tq|]eD XeTT
<eD+ us+
22) yTT]{ 23) <$ y d+K 24)
<$| useTT
I 1/V
<$| >eTT nDT useTT
25) y / sY 26) c> 27) |eD <eDeTT 28) y u>eTT 29) 1
30) 106 31) 40 32) njTsDeTT 33) \yTq $<T~Xc\T
34) \Vq $<T~Xc\T 35) njTsDeTT 36) |sT>TT+~ 37) >TZqT
38) \ <eD\T 39) sT 40) 3.92 >eTT\T 41) C10H8

9. qH\T =e\T yT\T

1) e\T, +Te\T 2) f <H yjT+ 3) djT] eT+ 4) n$ ]q \
jq #s b+<TsTT ne|eTTqT @ss#e 5) c17H35COOH 6) f mdsY\T
7) 3,4,5 f uy k*dq& 8) <e, |Tq 9) =e\T 10) 11) eqd < &
12) z*sTT eT+ 13) dT 14) db|wH 15) K+ \eD+ 16) &s+T 17) ]
eTeTT 18) #| jT| qH 19) |, kj&T, ysTXq> 20) s
21) V&sDeTT 22) ] eTeTT, djT] eTeTT 23) s
24) c17H33COONa 25) | < k& < &< < k&jT+ u sH{, <
k&jT + d* {
|sT#T
1)
6)

c
B

2)
7)

D
C

3)
8)

E
D

4)
9)

A
E

5) B
10) F

11)

e\T ` s\T
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35.

e\T ````````` *dtqT `````````` > esTqT.

s\T ``````````` *dtqT ````````````` > esTqT.
nV &\qT { ]+q|&T ``````````````` @s&TsTT.
V &\qT { ]+q|&T `````````````````` @s&TsTT.
$T< s+ d s+>T ````````````````
eT <eD+ $T< s+ d s+>T ````````````````
s <eD+ $T< s+ d s+>T `````````````````````
njTdt d<++ |s+ \ <eD+ H+ jH\ #T |<s\T ``````````````````
\ <eD+ OH- njH\#T |<s\T `````````````
{ njTsD |]eDeTT `````````````` | <s|& jTT+&TqT.
250 c e< [H+] x [OH-] $\Te ````````````
y { >\ [H+] eT]jTT [OH-] njq >&\ \u ````````````````` n+{sT.
250 c e< { nj \eTT $\Te ```````````
H+ njqT >& jTT TTD d+esZeH ``````````````` n+{sT.
PH = ----------------PH nH |< |]#jT+ #dq Xgy ````````````
PH < 7 nsTTq <eDeTT ```````````
PH > 7 nsTTq <eDeTT `````````````````
PH = 7 nsTTq <eDeTT ````````````````
0.001 M Hcl <eDeTT jTT PH $\Te `````````
PH = 8 > >\ <eD+ H+ njq >& ``````````````
Kw esT #+~+# n+XeTT ````````````````

\yTq eTeTT ```````````

\Vq eTeTT `````````````
\yTq seTT ````````````
\Vq seTT ````````````````
y eTeTT y s+ #s ]|q|&T y\Te& c ``````` n+{sT.
\yTq eT s\ eT< ]> #s dsDweTT $\Te ````````````
NaoH + Hcl
--------------------PH 7 q me >\ eqe Xs <eeTT `````````````
>d eT| PH = ``````````
eTeTT PH $\Te ```````` qT+& ````` es e+&TqT.
seTT PH $\Te `````` qT+& ```````` es e+&TqT.

\Vq eT seTT\ njTsD ne~ `````````` bT |sT>TqT.

Nacl <eD| PH $\Te ``````````

 |sT#TeTT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

\yTq eTeTT
\Vq eTeTT
\yTq seTT
\Vq seTT
>d eTeTT
seTT

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Kw =

)
)
)
)
)
)
)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)

CH3COOH
NH4OH
Hcl
NaOH
1.0 x 10-14 Mole ion2/lit2
H+ njqqT #TqT

s dueeTT.

yT\T
1) *, ms 2) ms, * 3) e\T 4) s\T 5) H]+ s+>T 6) msT|
7) |dT| 8) e\T 9) s\T 10) c> 11) deqeTT 12) { njTsD \+
13) 1.0 x 10-14mole ion2/lit2 14) PH 15) -log [H]+ 16) ksHdH 17) eTeTT 18) seTT
19) d <eD+ 20) 3 21) 10`8 22) c> 23) Hcl 24) CH3COOH
25) NaOH 26) NH4OH 27) dsDweTT 28) 13.7 Kilo . Cal/Mole.
29) Nacl + H2O + 13.7 K. Cal / Mole. 30) seTT 31) 1 qT+& 2
32) 0, 7 33) 7, 14 34) $qeTT 35) 7.

|sT#T
1) C

2) A

3) D

4) B 5) F

6) G

7) E

sq dyTH\ skjTq Xg+

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u$T bs sH XeTT ``````````

eT\eTT s+&T n+q me sb\qT * jTT+&{ `````````````````````` n+{sT.
sH jTT eTTK sb+s\T ``````````````````
eeTT k+< ``````````````````````````````
eeTT euqe >TD+ ``````````````````
>EqT jT& |j+#~ ``````````````````````
eeTT sH |seDTe\T ````````` sD+ @sfjTTq$.
eeTT +< <seTT ```````````````````
eeTT +< DeTT `````````````````````````
+<q> |j+#T sq sb+seTT ``````````
>|{ k+< ```````````````````
>|{ sH |seDTe\T `````````````` e\j\qT @ss#TqT.
>|{ +< <seTT ````````````````
>|{ +< DeTT ```````````````````
yqTy+ >\ s+&T >|{ bs\ eT< <seTT ````````````
C60 |+#D sH e\j\T ``````````````````````````
C60 w{D sH e\j\T `````````````````
C60 ( $TdsY |\]H ) `````````` e+{ sDeTT * jTT+T+~.
C60 dsd] +< <seTT ```````````````
|]XeT\ qT+& y{sT yVqeTT\ qT+& y\Te& b> me> e+& $wyjTTe ````````````
>* ``````````````` |Tq|]eD XeTT es sH &j& \<T.
Co2 { ] ````````````````````` @s&#TqT.
|HsT jT+\ y& yjTTe ````````````````````
|Tq sH &j&qT ````````````` n+{sT.
eT\+ |seDTe\T < H={ *d b&yq >=\TdT\T> @ss#TqT ``````` n+{sT.
nDT bsT * $$< sD bsT\T >\ dyTH\qT ````` n+{sT.
95XeTT sH *q u>TZqT ``````````````` n+{sT.
_T$Tqdt sH XeTT ```````````
*>{ sH XeTT `````````````
sH V&H\qT eyT *q sq |<s\qT `````````````````` n+{sT.
@se{ V&sH\<VsD `````````````````````
d+| V& sH ( H) \qT `````````````````````` nL& n+{sT.
qT\ k<sD bsT ````````````````````````
qT\ qT+& V&HqT =\d < ````````````````` n+{sT.
qT\T ````````````````` #s\ bZ+{sTT.
sb+ bsT ````````````
LPG n~ X+ ``````````` qT * jTT+&TqT.
~+<+ *q nd+| V&sH\qT `````````````` n+{sT.

39.
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44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.

qT\ k<sD bsT ``````````````````

qT\qT ```````````````````` nL& n+{sT.
qT\T `````````````````` #s\ bZ+{sTT.
~*H k*eTsDeTT #+~ ``````````````````````````` qT @ss#TqT.
>* *dq ~*HqT `````````````````````````````` > |jksT.
C = C +<+ >\ nd+| V& sH\qT ````````````````````` n+{sT.
qT\ k<sD bsT ``````````````````````````````
<H k<sD HeTeTT ``````````````````````````
jT\qT eT+> s> |+&T> esT ````````````````````` qT |jksT.
y*+>T\ |j+#T yjTTe ````````````````
\V |yTjT deTVeTTqT |+#T y&T VeTT ```````````````````

|sT#TeTT
1.

C - OH

A)

2.

C - CHO

B)

3.

C=O

C)

4.

C - COOH

D)

5.

C-O-C

E)

6.

C - NH2

F)

7.

C - COOR

G)

\V
*V&
{H
eTeTT
<sY
myTH
mdsY

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

u+JH
TfH
VH
|+{H
b|H

A)

C4H10

B)

C5H10

C)

C3H4

D)

C6H6

E)
F)
G)

C6H12
C6H14
C4H6

yT\T
1) 0.3 2) sb+s 3) eeTT, >|{ 4) 3.51 >/d.d. 5) 2.4 6) eeTT 7) #TsTFjT
8) 1.54A0 9) 109028 10) >|{ 11) 2.25>/d.d. 12) w{D 13) 1.42A0 14) 1200
15) 3.35A0 16) 12 17) 20 18) |{u 19) 1.4 20) CO2 21) 0.003 22) s eT+
23) CO2 24) b&eT+#T 25) HwH 26) k<X\T 27) +d{ 28) 82 29) 70 30) V&
sH\T 31) u+JH 32) bs|H\T 33) CnH2n + 2 34) deTVeTT 35) ||D 36) CHCl3
37) TfH (C4H10) 38) qT\T 39) CnH2n 40) z*|H 41) d+\q 42) ~*H
43) eTTeT+<T 44) qT\T 45) CnH2n - 2 46) mdH 47) mdH 48) mdH 49) k&jT+

|s#T
1) A 2) B 3) c 4) D 5) E 6) F 7) G 8) D 9) A 10) F 11) B 12) C

sV&T ` b{qT
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n+ jTHq #s ``````````````
b*Xs& <VsD `````````````````
E\q> ````````````````````````````
{E\q> ``````````````````````````````
VE q+<T >\ sH\ d+K `````````
{H | >C jTsD+ #+~+#~ `````````
&|wH q+<T #s sk *|~ ``````````````
#s sd+ >\ eT =\+#T *| |<seTT ```````````````````
yTTddt #s XeTT ```````````````````````````
#s |]XeT eTTK | qeTT ````````````````
\V eTTK |j>eTT ```````````````````````````
s|& d]{ qT+& n\{ \V b+<T *| |<seTT `````````
ndV |]q \V q# y+H \T>T <Tw*eTT ``````````````
>C ]| $\Te ```````````````````
yTT\T sV&{\qT jsT#jTT |jT ```````````
n*> Xs& >\ yH Xs&\ d+K `````````````
{H s+ j deTjT+ @s&T &< s+>T ne|+ ````````````
#s || ``````````````` n+{sT.
`````````````` #s sk, #s d{\qT ysT#jTTqT.
#s >& >\ #s XeTT ``````````````
yTTddt D |jT |j>|&T dJ$ ````````````
D |jT dTE qT+& @s& |<s\T ```````````````````
dTEqT $&>=f m+CeTT ````````````````
>E qT $&>=f m+CeTT `````````````
D |jT >E qT+& @s& |<s\T ```````````````````
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