10 12 Chemistry CBSE Paper Soltuion

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Premier Institute for the preparation of IIT-JEE / AIEEE
PiSCHOLASTICS: S.C.O 16-17, 1
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& 2
nd
Floor, Sector -20D, Chandigarh.
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CBSE BOARD EXAMINATION 2013
SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY
SOLUTION
Q1. What is especially observed when a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution?
Sol: If a strong converging beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution placed in dark room, the path of beam
gets illuminaled and becomes visible due to scattering of light this phenomenon is known as Tyndall effect.

Q2. What is the basicity of H3PO3 and why?
Sol: The basicity of H3PO3 is 2 as there are two replacable / acidic Hydrogens and third H is directly attached to P
hence not acidic in nature.

Q3. Write the IUPAC name of the following compound:

Sol:

O
||
P
|
O
|
H
O H
H
H
acidic
non acidic
Cl
Cl
CH3
4
3
2
1
1, 4-Dichloro-2-methyl benzene
Cl
Cl
CH3

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Q4. Name the method used for refining of copper metal.
Sol: Electrolytic Refining.

Q5. What are the products of hydrolysis of lactose?
Sol: Lactose is C12H22O11 a disaccharide with a glucose and a galactose unit present in pyranose form so on
hydrolyzing it we will obtain glucose and galactose.

Q6. Is
n 2
) CH CH ( a homopolymer or a copolymer?
Sol: It is a hompolymer.

Q7. Rearrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points:
CH3 CHO, CH3 CH2 OH, CH3 CH2 CH3
Sol: CH3CHO, CH3CH2 OH, CH3 CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 OH > CH3 CHO > CH3 CH2 CH3

Q8. Write the structure of prop-2-en-1-amine.
Sol: H2C = CH CH2 NH2

Q9. Explain the mechanism of the following reaction:
CH3 CH2 OH
K 443
H

+
CH2 = CH2 + H2O
Sol: CH3 CH2 OH
K 443
H

+
CH2 = CH2 + H2O
It is E1 mechanism
Step 1: CH3 CH2 OH + H
+
CH3 CH2
2
H O

Step 2: CH3 CH2
2
H O
CH3 CH2
+ H2O
Step 3:
+ = H CH CH H C H
H
|
C
2 2
2
2

Q10. How are interhalogen compounds formed? What general compositions can be assigned to them?
Sol: All interhalogen compounds are prepared either by direct combination between the halogens by the action of
halogen on a lower inter halogen. The product formed, however depends upon the conditions.
CH = CH2
Styrene
n
CH CH2
Polystyrene
n

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Cl2(g) + F2(g)
K 473
2Cl F(g)
Cl2(g) + 3F2(g)
K 573
2ClF3(g)
ClF(g) + F2(g)
K 575 475
ClF3(g)
Br2(l) + 5F2(g) 2BrF5(l)
I2(g) + 7F2 (g) 2IF7(g)
Q11. Write the equations involved in the following reactions:
(i) Reimer Tiemann reaction
(ii) Williamsons ether synthesis.
Sol: Riemer Tiemann reaction
It is a reaction between phenol and chloroform in presence of base NaOH

Williamsons Ether synthesis
R OH + R X
Na
R O R + NaX

Q12. Draw the structures of the following molecules:
(i) N2O5
(ii) XeF2
Sol: N2O5

XeF2 F Xe F

Q13. (a) What change occurs when AgCl is doped with CdCl2?
(b) What type of semiconductor is produced when silicon is doped with boron?
Sol: When AgCl is doped with CdCl2 a cation vacancy defect is created
Original Ag
Cl
Ag
+
Cl

Ag
Cl
Ag
+
Cl

Ag
+
Cl
Ag
+
Cl

On doping Ag
Cl
Ag
Cl

Cd
2+
Cl
Ag
+
Cl

O Cl
Ag
+
Cl

Cation vacancy
N O N
O
O
O
O
OH
OH
CHO
+ CHCl3
OH

Salicyldehyde

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Q14. Aluminium crystallizes in an fcc structure. Atomic radius of the metal is 125 pm. What is the length of
the side of the unit cell of the metal?
Sol: As it is fcc structure

So diagonal contact is there
Hence We can write
a 3 = 2r + r + r
a 3 = 4r
a =
3
4
3
r 4
= 125 pm
= 289.0173 pm

Q15. The standard electrode potential (E
o
) for Daniell cell is +1.1 V. Calculate the G
o
for the reaction.
Zn (s) + Cu
2+
(aq) Zn
2+
(aq) + Cu (s)
(1 F = 96500 C mol
-1
).
Sol: Zn(s) + Cu
2+
(aq) Zn
2+
(aq) + Cu(s)
E
o
= 1.1 V
G
o
= nFE
o

= 2 96500 (1.1)
= 212300 J

Q16. (a) For a reaction A + B P, the rate law is given by,
r = k [A]
1/2
[B]
2
.
What is the order of this reaction?
(b) A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant k = 5.5 10
-14
s
-1
. Find the half life of the
reaction.
Sol: r = k[A]
1/2
[B]
2+

(a) Order =
2
1
+ 2 = 5/2 = 2.5
(b) k = 5.5 10
-14
s
-1
FOR first order reaction
1
st
order

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t1/2 =
14
10 5 . 5
693 . 0
k
693 . 0
=
= 0.126 10
14
sec

Q17. Define thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Give one example of each.
OR
What is a biodegradable polymer? Give an example of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester.
Sol: Thermoplastics Polymers in which the intermolecular forces of attraction are in between those of
elastomeres and fibres are called thermoplastics. They are linear or slightly branched chain polymers which
are hard at room temperature and become soft and viscous an heating and again rigid on cooling.
Eg; polythene, PVC, teflon etc.
Thermosetting polymers These are semi fluid substances with low molecular masses which when heated in a
mould, undergo a permanent change in chemical composition to give a hard, infusible and in soluble mass. The
hardening on heating is due to extensive cross linking between different polymer chains.
E.g. Bakelite, melamine formaldehyde etc.
OR
Biodegradable polymers are those which can be broken down into less harmful / non harmful by products in
nature itself is some period of time.
Eg. Of biodegradable aliphatic polyester PHBV

Q18. Name the principal ore of aluminium. Explain the significance of leaching in the extraction of
aluminium.
Sol: Aluminiums principle ore is Bauxite( Al2O3 + impurities of SiO2, Fe2O3 and TiO2 etc.)These impurities can be
removed by process of leaching. During leaching the powdered bauxide and is heated with concentrated (45%)
solution of NaOH at 473 523 K, when Alumina dissolves as sodium meta aluminate and silica as sodium
silicate leaving (SiO2, Fe2O3 and TiO2 and other impurities behind.
Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Alumina
K 523 473
Na [Al(OH)4] sodium meta aluminate
SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 (aq) + H2O(l).
The impurities are filtered off and Na[Al(OH)4] is neutralised by passing CO2 when hydrated alumina separates
out. Then hydrated alumina is filtered, dried and heated to give back pure alumina.
Al2O3 . xH2O (s)
K 1473
Al2O3(s) + xH2O(g)
The significance of leaching in the extraction of aluminium is to prepare pure alumina from bauxite ore.

Q19. Define the following terms with an example in each case:
(i) Macromolecular sol
(ii) Peptization

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(iii) Emulsion.
Sol: Maco molecular sol.
When certain substances having big sized molecules, called macromolecules, having large molecular masses
are dissolved in a suitable liquid, they form a solution in which the molecules of the substance. i.e., the
dispersed particles have size in the collidal range. E.g. polyethene, nylon, polystyrene.

Peptization is a process of converting a fresh precipitate into colloidal particles by shaking it with the
dispersion medium in the presence of small amount of a suitable electrolyte. The electrolyte added is called
peptizing agent.

Emulsion: Its a type of colloidal system in which both dispersed phase and dispersion medium are liquids e.g.
milk, hair cream.

Q20. For the complex [NiCl4]
2-
, write
(i) the IUPAC name
(ii) the hybridization type.
(iii) the shape of the complex
(Atomic no. of Ni = 28)
OR
What is meant by crystal field splitting energy? On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic
configuration of d
4
in terms of t2g and eg in an octahedral field when
(i) 0 > P
(ii) 0 < P
Sol: [NiCl4]
2

(1) Tetrachlorido nikelate (II) ion
(2) sp
3

(3) tetrahedral

The difference of energy two sets of d-orbitals (which are no longer degenerate under different kinds of
electric fields).
Is called crystal field stabilization energy or (CFSE) represented by symbol 0.
d
4
when 0 > P
o 4
g 2
eg t .
d
4
when 0 < P
1 3
g 2
eg t .

Q21. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Though nitrogen exhibits +5 oxidation state, it does not form pentahalide.
(ii) Electron gain enthalpy with negative sign of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.

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(iii) The two oxygen oxygen bond lengths in ozone molecule are identical.
Sol: (i) NX5 cannot exist as nitrogen cannot form 5 bonds as compared to P, As etc as there are no empty d
orbitals in it.
(ii) Cl + e
Cl
H1 = ve
F + e

H2 = ve
H1 is more ve than H2
Though F is more electro negative than Cl but electronegativity is a property of shared pair while electron gain
enthalpy is a property of isolated gaseous atom.
Due to very small size of F the incoming e
experience repulsion as it enters the outer most shell through

overall antraction aluminater but this repulsion in F makes H2 less ve as compared to Cl.
(iii)Attraction dominates

O3 can be written as a resonance hybrid of above two structures as (I) and (II) are identical so both will
contribute equally to the hybrid giving a bond order of 1.5 to each bond.

Q22. The rate of a reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 293 K to 313 K.
Calculate the energy of activation (Ea) of the reaction assuming that it does not change with
temperature.
[R = 8.314 J K
-1
mol
-1
, log 4 = 0.6021]
Sol: Arrhinus equation is

(
=
|
|
\
|
2 1 1
2
T
1
T
1
R 303 . 2
Ea
k
k
log

(
=
|
|
\
|
313
1
293
1
R 303 . 2
Ea
k
k 4
log
1
1

log 4 =
(
313 293
20
R 303 . 2
Ea

2log2 =
(
313 293
20
R 303 . 2
Ea

Ea =
20
313 293 ] R 303 . 2 [ ] 2 log 2 [

=
20
313 293 314 . 8 303 . 2 3010 . 0 2

= 52854.55 J

O O O
O O O O O O

1.5
B.O.
B.O.
1.5
(I) (II)

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Q23. Shanti, a domestic halper of Mrs. Anuradha, fainted while mopping the floor. Mrs. Anuradha
immediately took her to the nearby hospital where she was diagnosed to be severely anaemic. The
doctor prescribed an iron rich diet and multivitamins supplement to her. Mrs. Anuradha supported her
financially to get the medicines. After a month, Shanti was diagnosed to be normal.
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:
(i) What values are displayed by Mrs. Anuradha?
(ii) Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes pernicious anaemia.
(iii) Give an example of a water soluble vitamin.
Sol: (i) Mrs. Anuradha has shown care, responsibility and helping nature.
(ii) Iron
(iii) Vitamin B and Vitamin C

Q24. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25
o
C:
Ag (s) | Ag
+
(10
-3
M)|| Cu
2+
(10
-1
M)| Cu (s)
Given
o
cell
E = + 0.46 and log 10
n
= n.
Sol: Ag(s) | Ag
(10
-3
M)||Cu
2+
(10
-1
m)| Cu(s)

o
cell
E = +0.46 V
Cell reaction is Cu
2+
+ 2Ag(s) Cu + 2Ag

Ecell =
o
cell
E
] Cu [
) Ag (
log
2
059 . 0
2
2
+
+
= 0.46
1
6
10
10
log
2
059 . 0

Ecell = 0.46
5
10 log
2
059 . 0

= 0.46 +
2
059 . 0 5

= 0.46 + 0.147 s
= 0.6075 V

Q25. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Ethyl iodide undergoes SN2 reaction faster than ethyl bromide.
(ii) ( ) 2-Butanol is optically inactive.
(iii) C X bond length in halobenzene is smaller than C X bond length in CH3 X.
Sol: C2H5 I & C2H5 Br
(i) In SN2 leaving group departs in rds I is better leaving group than Br ,So SN
2
is faster in ethyl iodide
than ethyl bromide.
(ii)

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It forms a Racemic mixture hence optical activity is ZERO
(iii)

Here C X bond has a double bond character while no double bond character is found in
3
sp
3
X CH
Q26. (i) What class of drug is Ranitidine?
(ii) If water contains dissolved Ca
2+
ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use
for cleaning clothes.
(iii) Which of the following is an antiseptic?
0.2% phenol, 1% phenol.
Sol: (i) Ranitidine it is an antacid.
(ii) Synthetic detergent as soap forms insoluble scum with hard water (i.e. water containing Ca
2=
ions)
(iii) 0.2 % solution of phenol is antiseptic.

Q27. Write the main products of the following reactions:
(i)
C 0
HNO
2 2 3
o
2
NH CH CH ?

Sol: (i) CH3 CH2 NH2
C O
HNO
2
CH5 CH2 N2
Cl

O H
2
CH3 CH2 OH
(ii)

O
||
S Cl + H N C2H5
|| |
O H
O
||
S N C2H5 + HCl
|| |
O N
..
: X :
..
sp
2
C C
OH
OH
H
H
+
CH3 CH3
C2H5 C2H5
N H
|
H
O
||
CH3 C Cl
Base
?
(iii)
O
||
S Cl + H N C2H5 ?
|| |
O H
(ii)

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Q28. (a) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Mn
3+
is a good oxidizing agent.
(ii)
o
M / M
2
E
+
values are not regular for first row transition metals (3d series).
(iii) Although F is more electronegative than O, the highest Mn fluoride in MnF4, whereas
the highest oxide is Mn2O7.
(b) Complete the following equations:
(i) 2
2
4
CrO + 2H
+

(ii) KMnO4
heat

OR
(a) Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?
(i) Name the element showing maximum number of oxidation states among the first series
of transition metals from Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30).
(ii) Name the element which shows only +3 oxidation state.
(b) What is lanthanoid contraction? Name an important alloy which contains some of the
lanthanoid metal.
Sol: (a) Mn
3+

(i) Mn At. No. is 25
Mn 3d
5
4s
2

Mn
3+
is 3d
4
4s
0

So it has tendency to accept one electron and undergo reduction because it will cause stable half filled
configuration. Hence it can act as an oxidizing agent.
(ii) E
o
values are a function of many factors like electronic configuration of reactants and products,
temperature, sizes of ions, hydration energy, sublimination and ionization energies etc so there is no
uniform order expected as size also varies in an unexpected fashion.
(iv) This is because F can form only one bond and structure of MnF4 is which is which is lehahedral but

In Mn2O7 as O is present which can form 2 bonds or 1 and 1 bond so O can be present in between
two Mn atoms giving it a structure.
Mn
F
F
F
F
N H
|
H
O
||
CH3 C Cl
H O
| ||
N C CH3 + HCl
..

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(b) (i) 2CrO4
2
+ 2H
+
Cr2O7
2
+ H2O
Chromate dichromate
(ii) 2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

(a) Transition elements have d orbitals which can accommodate a maximum of 10 electrons so there is
more scope for loss of any number of electron resulting into variable oxidation states.
(i) Mn shows maximum number of oxidization states.
(ii) Sc shows only +3
(b) A regular decrease (contraction) in the atomic and ionic radii of lanthanoids with increasing atomic
number is known as lanthanoid contraction.
Alloy containing lanthanoid metals is mischmetal.

Q29. (a) How will you convert the following:
(i) Propanone to Propan-2-ol
(ii) Ethanal to 2-hydroxy propanoic acid
(iii) Toluene to benzoic acid
(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between:
(i) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
(ii) Ethanal and Propanal
OR
(a) Write the product of the following reactions:
(i) ? CH
O
| |
C CH
HCl . conc
Hg Zn
3 3

(ii) ? H Cl
O
| |
C CH
4
BaSO Pd
2 3
+

Sol: (a) (i) Propanone to propan-2-ol
Mn Mn
O O
O
O
O
O
O
Such budge cannot be formed by F
OH
Or CH3COOH
(ii)

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3 3
O H / NaBH
3 3
CH
OH
H
|
|
C CH CH
O
| |
C CH
2 4

(b) Ethanol to 2hydroxy propanonic and

OH
O
| |
C
OH
H
|
|
C CH H
O
| |
C CH
3 3

) step Separate (
O H
ehter /. LiAlH
3
2
4
H
O
||
C CH CH3 CH2 OH
HCl
ZnCl
2

Cl CH CH CN CH CH
2 3
) aq ( KCN
2 3
O H
3

+

CH3 CH2 COOH COOH
Cl
H
|
|
C CH
3
HVZ
Cl , P
2
COOH
OH
H
|
|
C CH
3
KOH . aq

(iv) Toluene to benzoic acid

(i)
3 2 2 3
CH
O
| |
C CH CH CH
Pentan 2 one
Gives iodoform test
While
3 2 2 3
CH CH
O
||
C CH CH does not
(ii) CH3 CHO and CH3 CH CHO
Give iodoform test does not give iodoform test
NaOH I CH
O
| |
C CH CH CH
2 3 2 2 3
+ +
CH3
CH3
COOH
CCl3
KMnO4/
aq. KOH
hv (excess)
Cl2(excess)
COOH

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O H CHI NaI Na O
O
| |
C CH CH CH
2 3 2 2 3
+ + +

CH3 CHO +
2
1
+ NaOH CHI3 + HCCO
+ NaI + H2O
(i)
3 2 3
) HCl ( Hg Zn
3 3
CH CH CH CH
O
||
C CH

(ii) CHO CH H Cl
O
||
C CH
3
BaSO Pd
2 3
4
+

(iii)

(b) (i)F CH2 COOH is stronger than
Cl CH2 COOH
(ii) CH3 COOH is stronger than

Q30. (a) State Raoults law for a solution containing volatile components.
How does Raoults law become a special case of Henrys law?
(b) 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of
benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol
-1
)
OR
(a) Define the following terms:
(i) Ideal solution
(ii) Azeotrope
(iii) Osmotic pressure
(b) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labeled as 10% by weight. What would be the
molarity of the solution?
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol
-1
)
OH
COOH COOH
Br
Br2/FeBr3

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Sol: Raoults law states that for a binary solution containing two volatile components.

PT = Total pressure of A & B in gas phase above the solution then
PT = PA + PB
According Raoults law
PA XA
PA = PA
o
XA ..(1)
Similarly PB = PB
o
XB
So PT = PA
o
XA + PB
o
XB

(b) Tf = Kfm
0.40 = 5.12
(
1000
50 M
1

M =
40 . 0 50
1000 1 12 . 5

= 256 gm

(a) Ideal solution A solution which obeyes Raoults law under all conditions of temperature and pressure
(b) Azeotrope A type of liquid mixture having definite composition and boiling like a pure liquid, is called
a constant boiling mixture or an azeotropic mixture.
So PT = PA
o
A + PB
o
B
Henrys law is a law dealing with solubility of gases in liquid, it states that for a solution of a gas in a
liquid the mol fraction of gas in liquid phase is directly propotional to the partial pressure of gas above
the liquid.

A + B

XA

XB

Are the mol fractions of A &
B in solution phase

PA = partial pressure of A in
gas phase above the solution

PB = partial pressure of B in
gas phase above the solution

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X P Henrys constant
X = KHP P = X
K
1
H
(2)
None compare equation 2 and 1 assuming [PB
o
= 0]
it means PA
o
=
H
K
1
if solvent is non volatile.
Osmotic pressure The minimum excess pressure that has to be applied on the solution to prevent the entry of
the solvent into the solution through the semi permeable membrane is called the cosmetic pressure.
(b) 10% by weight means
100g solution has 10gm glucose
so 90g solvent has
180
10
mol glucose
1000g solvent has 1000
90 180
10
mol of solute
=
9 18
10 10

So molality= 0.61728 m
Gas pressure = P

X = mol fraction of gas
in solution

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experience repulsion as it enters the outer most shell through

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