ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 5

Concrete works
Design the complex flux of mixing, transporting and placing the concrete in different resistance elements presented in the
figure, for the period 15 March 15 November
5.1. Calculation steps
1. Establish the concrete mix proportions by taking into consideration NE 012 1999;
2. Concrete placing in the resistance elements;
3. Organize the complex process of mixing, transporting and placing the concrete.
5.2. The assignment content
1. a) Computation notes for concrete mix;
b) Technological sheet for concrete mix.
2. a) Computation notes for placing the concrete in the resistance elements of the building;
b) Technological sheet for concrete placing in first level floor;
c) Technological sheet for concrete placing in diaphragms;
d) Technological sheet for concrete placing in columns.
The technological sheet will contain the compaction process and the continuity condition of concrete placing.
3. a) Computation notes in order to organize the complex process of mixing, transporting and placing the concrete;
b) Technological sheet with the flowchart of the process.
5.3. Theoretical example
5.4. Case study
C20/25 I42.5 16 T3/T4 P8
10
III
the concrete class C20/25 (Bc25);
the cement type and class I 42.5 (P40);
the aggregates maximum diameter max = 16mm;
the workability T3/T4 (L3/L4); (gradul de tasare, lucrabilitatea, clasa de consistenta)
the impermeability degree P8
10
;
the homogeneity degree III;
the productivity of the concrete pump pex = 12m
3
/h;
the mixer capacity 250 dm
3
;
the tanker capacity 3.20 m
3
;
the transportation distance 2 km.
The concrete will contain three types of aggregates: 0.2 16 with the humidity usand = 2% and ugravel = 1%.
The concrete mix will be made for a standard mix (water + cement + aggregates + air).
1. Establish the concrete mix proportions
A. Standard mix
1. Determine the water quantity (pag. 134, tabel I.4.4):
Table 5.1 The estimated mixing water quantity (NE 012 1999)
Concrete
grade (class)
The water quantity W (l/m
3
)
T2 T3 T3/T4 T4
< C8/10 160 170 - -
C8/10 C20/25 170 185 200 220
C25/30 185 200 215 230
- function of : a. the workability (T3/T4)
b. the concrete class (C20/25)
W = 200 l/m
3
* because max = 16mm increase with 10%
220 200 10 . 1 W 10 . 1 W
*

[ ]
3
m l
2. Determine the water cement ratio (pag 130, tabel I.4.2):
Table 5.2 The maximum values for W/C (NE 012 1999)
Concrete
grade (class)
Cement type (class)
32.5 42.5 52.5
C8/10 0.75 - -
C12/15 0.65 - -
C16/20 0.55 0.65 -
C18/22.5 0.53 0.62 -
C20/25 0.50 0.60 -
C25/30 0.45 0.55 0.60
C28/35 0.40 0.50 0.55
C30/37 - 0.47 0.53
C32/40 - 0.45 0.50
C35/45 - 0.40 0.47
C40/50 - - 0.45
C45/55 - - 0.42
C50/60 - - 0.40
- function of : a. cement type (class) (42.5)
b. the concrete class (C20/25)
60 . 0 C W
* because the impermeability degree (P8
10
) , we shall adopt 50 . 0 C W
3. Determine the cement quantity:
1
]
1

3
m
Kg
440 C 5 . 0
C
220
50 . 0 C W
4. Determine the air volume (not eliminated by compaction) (aer oclus) (pag. 142):
- function of the aggregates maximum diameter (max = 16mm) we shall have:
1
]
1

3
3
s
m
dm
25 5 . 2 10 10 a , ( % 5 . 2
s
)
5. Determine the dry aggregates quantity (pag. 141-142):
a
W C
G
dm 1000
a c ag
ag
3
+

,
_

a
W C
1000 G
a c
ag ag
[ ]
3
ag
dm / kg 7 . 2 ;
[ ]
3
c
dm / kg 1 . 3 ;
[ ]
3
a
dm / kg 0 . 1 .
1
]
1

,
_

3 ag
m
Kg
1655 25
1
220
1 . 3
440
1000 7 . 2 G ;
This represents the total amount of dry aggregates. So, the following step is to evaluate the quantities for each type. For
this mix we use the following types of aggregates: 0.2 3; 3 7; 7 16 mm.
6. Determine the granularity zones (pag. 135, tabel I.4.5)
Table 5.3 The recommended granularity zones (NE 012 1999)
The workability type
The cement quantity C (kg/m
3
)
<200 200 300 300 400 >400
T2 I I (II)* II (III)* III
T3, T3/T4 I I (II)* II (III)* III
T4, T4/T5, T5 - I I (II)* II (III)*
The zones presented in brackets will be firstly adopted, if when preliminary check is effectuated it is observed that the
concrete mix does not tend to segregate.
- function of : a. the workability (T3/T4)
b. quantity of cement (440
3
m kg )
III
rd
zone
7. Determine the granularity zone limits (pag. 135-137, tabel I.4.6 9)
Table 5.4 The granularity zone limits 016 mm (NE 012 1999)
Zone
Limi
t
% passing through sieve
0.2 1 3 7 16
I
min 11 45 60 80 100
max 3 35 51 71 95
II
min 8 35 50 70 100
max 3 25 41 61 95
III
min 6 25 40 60 100
max 1 15 30 50 95
Table 5.5 The granularity zone limits 020 mm (NE 012 1999)
Zone Limit
% passing through sieve
0.2 1 3 (5) 7 20
I
min 10 40 55 75 100
max 3 30 46 66 95
II
min 7 30 45 65 100
max 2 20 36 56 95
III
min 5 20 35 55 100
max 1 10 25 45 95
Table 5.6 The granularity zone limits 031 mm (NE 012 1999)
Zone Limit
% passing through sieve
0.2 1 3 7 16 31
I
min 10 40 50 70 90 100
max 3 31 41 61 81 95
II
min 7 30 40 60 80 100
max 2 21 31 51 71 95
III
min 5 20 30 50 70 100
max 1 10 20 40 60 95
Table 5.7 The granularity zone limits 040 mm (NE 012 1999)
Zone Limit
% passing through sieve
0.2 1 3 (5) 7 (10) 20 40
I
min 10 30 45 60 80 100
max 3 21 36 51 71 95
II
min 7 25 35 50 70 100
max 2 16 26 41 61 95
III
min 5 15 25 40 60 100
max 1 5 15 30 50 95
- function of the aggregates maximum diameter max = 16mm, from table 5.4 (tabel I.4.6):
ag
i j
gi
G
100
p p
A

;
So, it results:
S0.2-3
ag
3
G
100
p
1655
100
35
579
3
m
kg
S3-7
ag
3 7
G
100
p p

1655
100
35 55
331
3
m
kg
G7-16
ag
7 16
G
100
p p

1655
100
55 100
745
3
m
kg
As a checking Gag has to be equal to Agi (Gag = Agi).
8. Determine the apparent specific weight of fresh concrete:
b = W* + C + Gag = 220 + 440 + 1655 = 2315
3
m
kg
So, if we synthesize, for the first approximation (standard mix) the following results were found:
Table 5.8 The results for standard mix
Water quantity
W = 220 l/m
3
Aggregate quantity
Gag = 1655 kg/m
3
Cement quantity
C = 440 kg/m
3
Sand 0.2 3 mm
S0.2-3 = 579 kg/m
3
W/C = 0.50
Sand 3 7 mm
S3-7 = 331 kg/m
3
Apparent specific weight
b = 2315 kg/m
3
Gravel 7 16 mm
G7-16 = 745 kg/m
3
B. Laboratory mix
In order to realize the specified workability (T3/T4) it was necessary another quantity of water (W = 230
3
m
l
) and
another specific weight (b = 2355
3
m
kg
). It results that the quantity of the cement is also changed:
50 . 0
230
C
W
W
' C
= 460
3
m
kg
Following this value it results:
C W
2
'
G
beff b
ag

+
= 2335 - 230 - 460 = 1645
3
m
kg
For C 400 kg/m
3
, T3/T4 and the third recommended granularity zone the formula for dry aggregates on each sort is:
ag
i j
gi
G
100
p p
A

So, it results:

3
ag ag
3
3 2 . 0
m
kg
579 1645
100
35
G
100
35
G
100
p
S

3
ag ag
3 7
7 3
m
kg
331 1645
100
35 55
G
100
35 55
G
100
p p
S

3
ag ag
7 16
16 7
m
kg
745 1645
100
55 100
G
100
55 100
G
100
p p
G

As a checking Gag has to be equal to Agi (Gag = Agi).

In this case the results are:
Table 5.9 The results for laboratory mix
Water quantity
W = 230 l/m
3
Aggregate quantity
Gag = 1645 kg/m
3
Cement quantity
C = 460 kg/m
3
Sand 0.2 3 mm
S0.2-3 = 576 kg/m
3
W/C = 0.50
Sand 3 7 mm
S3-7 = 329 kg/m
3
Apparent specific weight
b = 2335 kg/m
3
Gravel 7 16 mm
G7-16 = 740 kg/m
3
C. Working mix
9. Determine the aggregates humidity:
Is given by the real existing humidity of the aggregates (uis = 2% and uig = 1%).
This humidity represents in other words a quantity of water that has to be subtracting from the total quantity of water. The
aggregates humidity is evaluated with the following formula:
100
G u
G
ij ij
ij

3 3 2 . 0 s
3 2 . 0
m / l 12
100
S u
S

3 7 3 s
7 3
m / l 7
100
S u
S

3 16 7 g
16 7
m / l 7
100
G u
G

.
It results that the total amount of water that is already found in aggregates is: G =Gij = 12 + 7 + 7 = 26
3
m
l
.
For this mix results:
Table 5.10 The results for working mix
Water quantity
W = 204 l/m
3
Aggregate quantity
Gag = 1671 kg/m
3
Cement quantity
C = 460 kg/m
3
Sand 0.2 3 mm
S0.2-3 = 588 kg/m
3
W/C = 0.50
Sand 3 7 mm
S3-7 = 336 kg/m
3
Apparent specific weight
b = 2335 kg/m
3
Gravel 7 16 mm
G7-16 = 747 kg/m
3

10. Determine the real quantity of aggregates:
Gag = 1645 + 26 = 1671
3
m
kg
,
And for each sort:
S0.2-3 = S0.2-3 + S0.2-3 = 588
3
m
kg
;
S3-7 = S3-7 + S3-7 = 336
3
m
kg
;
G7-16 = G7-16 + G7-16 = 747
3
m
kg
.
11. Determine the mixing water:
W = W - G = 230 26 = 204
3
m
l
12. Determine the apparent specific weight:
b = W + C + Gag = 2335
3
m
kg
The specifications are presented for a quantity of one cubic meter of concrete. But, in reality, we can have mixer with
different capacities.
For the mixer specified in the project (250 dm
3
) the values of the components are:
l 7 . 35 r
1000
250
' W w
kg 5 . 80 r
1000
250
' C c
kg 9 . 102 r
1000
250
' N n
3 2 . 0 3 2 . 0



kg 8 . 58 r
1000
250
' N n
7 3 7 3


kg 7 . 103 r
1000
250
' G g
16 7 16 7


Where r is the reduction coefficient by mixing and compaction (r = 0.7).
2. Concrete placing in the resistance elements
A. Concrete placing into floor with girders
i) Concrete compaction
The compaction of the girders will be made using internal vibrators (VEI 36) with the following parameters:
R0 = 33 cm the vibrating radius;
Lb = 537 mm the vibrators length;
db = 70 mm the vibrators diameter.
The compaction of the straight plate will be made using the vibrating plate (VC 20) with the following parameters:
hs = 20 cm the vibrating depth;
L = 1.1 m the plates length;
l = 1.0 m the plates width
After we determined the apparatus that will be used to vibrate the concrete volume, the following step that has to be
established is to avoid that in the concrete mass to appear non-vibrated areas. So, every technological sheet has to contain a
compacting plane.
The dimensions of the floor are:
- the girder: bg x hg = .. cm;
- the plate: g = . cm.
There are some conditions for the vibrator placement but the most important one is given by the following relation:
2 g 2
0
2 v
)
2
b
( R )
2
d
(
dv = . cm
Fig. 5.1 Example of the vibrator placement
ii) Concrete pouring
In order to have monolith behavior of the concrete the continuity condition (of pouring) has to be satisfied. So:
1 2
max strip
min b
t t
V
Q

cb (concrete flow rate)

We cannot pour the whole concrete mass, so some rules have to be emphasized:
- the concrete has to be poured in strips;
- the strip edge has to be placed at the lowest resistance area of the plate (at the position of the inclined reinforcements);
- the pouring sense has to remain unmodified for the whole procedure.
The strip that will have the biggest concrete volume is the strip that will be computed for Qbmin formula.
- if the exterior air temperature (ae) is smaller or equal to 20 C t1 = 1h and t2 = 2h.
- if the exterior air temperature is 30 C t1 = 0.75h and t2 = 1.50 h.
If Qbmin >cb, it means that the continuity condition is not satisfied and there are three solving options:
- increase the concreting capacity by using two concrete pumps;
- increase t1 by using admixtures;
- rearrange the strips on the other direction (the quantity of concrete becomes smaller).
B. Concrete placing into columns
i) Concrete compaction
The compaction of the columns will be made using internal vibrators (VEI 36) with the following parameters:
R0 = 33 cm the vibrating radius;
Lb = 537 mm the vibrators length;
db = 70 mm the vibrators diameter.
If R0
2
D
(D is the column cross section diagonal) it results that it is necessary one vibrator, if not, we have to increase
the number of vibrators.
ii) Concrete pouring
Establish the number of columns in which we can pour simultaneously respecting the continuity condition of concrete pouring:
1 2
layer
min b
t t
V
Q

cb
Where: Vlayer = hs bs hlayer n
hs = . cm;
bs = .. cm; Vlayer = .. m
3
hlayer = 60 cm;
n = . number of columns
to pour simultaneously;
- if the exterior air temperature (ae) is smaller or equal to 20 C t1 = 1h and t2 = 2h.
- if the exterior air temperature is 30 C t1 = 0.75 h and t2 = 1.50 h.
C. Concrete placing into walls
i) Concrete compaction
The compaction of the diaphragms is made using the exterior vibration method (in some particular cases a combined
one). The equipment that is usually used is the formwork vibrator (VEE 250) that has the following parameters:
F = 250 daN the vibrating force;
R0 = 15 cm the vibrating radius
These vibrators are fixed to the secondary elements of the formworks, on both faces in a chess position. The distance
between two consecutive vibrators fixed on the same element is determined from the following conditions:
F k G + g
Where: k a coefficient given by the workability (k = 1 for T3/T4);
G is the weight of the concrete prism compacted by one vibrator: G = hlayer dv R0 c;
g is the weight of the formwork part on which acts the vibrator: g = p hlayer dv.
. cm ....
) p R K ( h
F
d
c 0 l
v

+

ii) Concrete pouring

In order to obtain monolith behavior of the structural wall we have to pour the concrete in layers (hlayer = 0.60 cm). First
we try to pour a concrete layer in the entire diaphragm length. The concrete volume in a layer is:
Vlayer = dw hlayer L = . m
3

- if the exterior air temperature (ae) is smaller or equal to 20 C t1 = 1h and t2 = 2h.
- if the exterior air temperature is 30 C t1 = 0.75h and t2 = 1.50h.
Technological sheet for concrete mix
T. S. 5
01
C20/25 P8
10
T3/T4 I42.5 16 II
Component
Composition
Lab.
mix
Working mix
1m
3
250 dm
3
Water (l) 230 204 35.7
A/C 0.50
Cement (kg) 460 460 80.5
Aggregate
(kg)
S0.2-3 576 588 102.9
S3-7 329 336 58.8
G7-16 740 747 103.7
Total agg. (kg) 1645 1671 -
Specific weight (kg/m
3
) 2335 2335 -
Technological sheet for concrete
placing into floor with girders
T. S. 5
02
Concrete pouring plane
Concrete compacting plane
Technological sheet for concrete placing into columns
T. S. 5
03
The compacting plane
N. Operation Means Features No
1
Horizontal
transportation
Mixing
tanker
Vt = 3.2 m
3
1
2
Combined
transportation
Concrete pump Pex = 12 m
3
/h 1
3 Compaction VEE 250
F = 250 daN
R0 = 15 cm
4
Technological sheet for concrete placing into diaphragms
T. S. 5
04
The compacting plane
N. Operation Means Features No
1
Horizontal
transportation
Mixing
tanker
Vt = 3.2 m
3
1
2
Combined
transportatio
n
Concrete
pump
Pex = 12 m
3
/h 1
3 Compaction Vibrator
R0 = 33 cm
Lb = 53.7 cm
db = 7 cm
110