Government of the Punjab

Irrigation & Power Department

SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN (Revised) September - 2007

Directorate of Land Reclamation Punjab

Canal Bank Moghalpura, Lahore
Ph. No.042-9250178 Email dlrlhr@yahoo.com

CONTENTS
Sr. No. 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 2.2 2.3 2.4 3

Titles
BACKGROUND Punjab Irrigation System Industrial and Municipal Pollution OBJECTIVES SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN Rivers and Head Works Canals Drains INSTITUTIONAL SETUP

Page No. 1 1 8 10 10 11 11 12 15 15

Field teams for Surface Water Quality Monitoring

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Titles Different Features of Existing River- Canal System of Punjab Drainage Network of Punjab Province District Wise Detail of Industrial and Municipal Pollution in Punjab Chemical Assessment of the Drainage and Municipal Effluents Location of sampling points of River for Surface Water Monitoring in Punjab Location of sampling points of Canals for Surface Water Monitoring Sampling Points for Monitoring of Surface Water Quality for Drinking Purpose Location of sampling points of Drains for Surface Water Monitoring Page No. 3 4 9 10 17 18 22 23

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. Titles No. 1 Rivers, Barrages and Major Canals of the Punjab Irrigation System 2 3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Points in Punjab Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Points in Punjab Page No. 2 12 14

SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN

1. BACKGROUND

1.1 Punjab Irrigation System The Punjab Irrigation System consists of five main rivers, The Indus, The Jhelum, The Chenab, The Ravi and The Sutlej River (Fig 1). The Dams, Barrages, Head Works (H/W), Canals and interlinks make a network of Punjab irrigation system. The Indus River enters into Punjab through Tarbela Dam. The Thal Canal was taken out from Jinnah Barrage. Chashma Barrage and Chashma- Jhelum Link (CJL) were also constructed in 1970 on the Indus River as a result of Indus Water Treaty (IWT). The concept was to transfer water to the Jhelum River and then to feed TS Link ,Rangpur, Haveli and Sidhnai Canals. The CJL feeds the Jhelum River downstream Rasul Barrage. Chashma right bank canal is also taken out from Chashma Barrage. Next to Chashma Barrage comes the Taunsa Barrage from where D.G. Khan canal from the right bank and Muzaffargarh Canal and TP Link from the left bank are taken out. TP Link joins Chenab R after the confluence of Chenab (Chenab- cum - Jhelum) - Ravi River. Then the Indus River after joining the flow downstream the Punjnad H/W enters into Sindh through Gudu Barrage. The Jhelum River after flowing though Wular lake and collecting water from the Neelum and Kunhar rivers enters Punjab through Mangla Dam from where Upper Jhelum Canal originates to feed the Chenab River upstream Khanki Barrage. From Rasul Barrage on the Jhelum River, Rasul Qadirabad Link and Lower Jhelum Canal are taken out. The JR then opens into the Chenab River at Trimu H/W, from where Trimu-Sidhnai Link, Haveli and Rangpur Canals are taken out. The Chenab River after flowing through Jammu and Kashmir enters Pakistan (Punjab) in Sialkot District. Its flow is regulated through Marala H/W from where Marala-Ravi Link Canal offtakes, ultimately falling into River Ravi above Shahdara and UCC are taken out. The UCC below Marala H/W near Bambanwala H/W divides into Bambanwala- Ravi-Bedian- Depalpur (BRBD) Canal to feed Sutlej and Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) to feed Ravi upstream Balloki. The BRBD Link after crossing Ravi Siphon also feeds Lahore Canal (the extension of former Central Bari Doab, CBDC).The BRBD also feeds Upper Depalpur Canal. After Marala H/W comes the Khanki H/W from where Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) is taken out which after crossing the Qadirabad- Balloki Link (QBL) gives rise to Upper Gogera (further dividing into Lower Gogera and Burala Branches) at Sagir H/W. Main LCC after passing Sagir H/W receives a feeder from QBL and then divides into Jhang and Rakh Branches. The QBL is taken out form Qadirabad H/W on the Chenab which then joins the Jhelum River at Trimmu H/W. The Ravi River is regulated through Madhupur H/W in India and in Pakistan it is controlled through Balloki, form where Lower Bari Doab Canal, LBDC and BallokiSulemanki Link are taken out. Balloki H/W is recharged from QBL, MRL and UCC.

Balloki- Sulemanki Link (BSL) which after some distance divides into BSL-I and BSLII. Before joining the main Chenab River, the Ravi communicates with TrimmuSidhnai (TS) and Haveli Canal. Sadhnai- Mailsi Link (S.M.L) also emerges from the Ravi. Sidhnai Canal is taken out form Sidhnai Barrage. The Jhelum River upstream and the Ravi River downstream the Trimmu H/W join the Chenab River. TaunsaPunjnad feeds the Chenab River (Jhelum- cum- Chenab- cum- Ravi) downstream the confluence of Chenab- Ravi River or upstream to Punjnad H/W. The Sutlej River enters into Pakistan at Ferozepur H/W in India near International Boundary. In Pakistan it is the Sulemanki H/W that regulates its flow. The Depalpur Lower takes off from BSL-I near Ghanda Singh Wala. Both the BSL-I and BSL-II outfall into Sutlej River above Sulemanki H/W from where Pakpattan Canal at right bank and Fordwah and Eastern Sadiqia at the left bank emanate. Down stream to the Sulemanki H/W, Qaim and Bhawal Canal emanate from Islam H/W. The Sutlej joins the Chenab River (Jhelum- cum- Chenab- cum- Ravi) at Punjnad H/W from where Punjnad Canal and Abbasia Canal shoot out. The Indus River joins this Chenab cum other four rivers system downstream Punjnad and then flows as Indus River to Sindh through Gudu Barrage, a water gateway to the Sindh province. Some physical and hydrological features of the canals are also tabulated below (Table 1).
Table.1. Different features of existing River- Canal System of Punjab (Akhter, 2000)
Sr.No. 1 2 3/4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18/19 20 21 22 23/24 Canal Upper Jhelum Lower Jhelum Upper Chenab/ BRBD M.R.Link (int) Lower Bari Doab Lower Chenab CBDC Upper Depalpur Pakpattan Muzaffargarh Thal Rangpur D.G. Khan Punjnad Abassia Bahawal Qaim/ Mailsi E. Sadiqia Fordwah Lower Depalpur Sidhnai Canal/ Haveli Year of Const. 1915 1901 1912/1956 1956 1859 1892 1913 1928 1927 1958 1947 1939 1958 1929 1929 1927 1927/1928 1926 1927 1928 1886/1939 CCA/GA 000 acres 544/613 1518/1616 1441/1563 158/175 659/709 3054/3698 1670/1789 350/384 1049/1177 820/928 1912/2219 345/358 906/957 1355/1532 154/296 730/733 1036/1098 1052/1172 428/561 612/654 1017/1166 Length (CM) Main Total* 88.0 730.8 39.4 1566.4 42.8 1593.9 189.9 804.6 155.9 2984.1 129.9 1522.0 52.9 481.2 183.1 1143.2 74.2 1053.0 31.5 2120.1 138.2 523.3 69.0 1118.4 57.2 1640.3 25.7 168.4 17.9 676.0 33.0 983.2 49.0 903.2 9.2 506.2 6.4 779.0 36.4 1145.2

CCA = Canal commanded area, G.A = Gross area, CS = cusecs, CM = Canal mile. *Total length includes length of branches, sub branches, distributaries and minors

Drains: The Punjab Irrigation System is accompanied with drainage systems.

Originally the drains were designed to collect the agricultural surplus water and flood water. Due to increase in population and industrialization the drains mainly collect the industrial and municipal effluents of varied nature. In general drains are creating pollution problems in the Irrigation channels. Much of the drainage effluent is either 5

retained in the Indus Basin or disposed into the rivers and canals. In Punjab the length of total surface drains are 3883 km. In surface water quality monitoring plan, 19 major polluted drains of the province are selected. The details of drain network is given in Table.2, while the selected drains and monitoring points are given in Table 8. Table 2. Drainage Network of Punjab Province
Canal Sub-Drainage Command Basin Main Drainage Basin Thal Doab Drainage Basin Thal Canal Haddali (Muhajir Br.) Khushab Haddali Khushab Haddali Khushab Haddali Khushab Haddali Khushab Haddali Khushab Thal Canal Daira Din Daira Din Muzaffargarh Canal Daira Din Ghazi Ghat Alipur Muzaffargarh Kot Adu C. Rangpur Chaj Doab Drainage Basin Upper Jhelum Khari (AJK) Canal Jhelum Canal Mandi ud-Din Mandi ud-Din Mandi ud-Din PRK Nullah PRK Nullah PRK Nullah PRK Name Drain of Outfall Length (km) C. Area (000 ac.) Q. Des (cfs)

Jhelum River Rajor Drain Jhelum River Ghaj Drain Jhelum River Khushab Jhelum Drain River Hadali Drain Jhelum River Mitha Tiwana Jhelum River Daira Din TP Link Panah Drain Kot Sultan TP Link Drain Manika Drain TP Link Ghazi Ghat Iddus (L) Drainage System Alipur Mian Chenab Drain River Kot Adu Main Chenab Drain River Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Chenab River Chenab River Chenab River Chenab

Dhak Drain

19 2.57 8 34.5 42.4 29.92

83 3.2 13 45 93 217.9

516 20 80 284 584 1360

88.8 74 83 19 35.9 3.9 36.6 10.94 3.9 23.16 24.7

36 113 337 6 31 1 45 N.A 2.5 13.9 16

811 120 799

Khari Drainage Scheme Baha- Baha-ud-Din Outfall Drain Baha- Kattowal Drain Baha- Haria Drain Budhi Majara Drain Budhi Chakrian Drain Budhi Manjianwala Drain Budhi Halki Nallah

400 80 560 190 16 87 100

Contin2

Canal Sub-Drainage Command Basin Main Drainage Basin Nullah PRK Budhi Nullah Bhikko

Name Drain

of Outfall

Length (km)

C. Area (000 ac.)

Q. Des (cfs)

Budhi Nallah Upper Bhikko Qoutfall Drain Gondal Miana gondal Drain Lower Jhelum Mona-Bhera Malakwal Canal Drainage System Mona-Bhera Malakwal Part-II Mona-Bhera Bhera Mona Drainage System Mona Turtipur Khan Muhammad Mona Mona Drainage System Jahanabad Thatti Mulazam Drain (N) Jahanabad Jahanabad Lower Rainwah Sahiwal Drain Lower Rainwah Terkhanawal Drainage Lower Rainwah Lower Raniwah Drainage Lower Rainwah Attuana Drain Sobaga Sobaga Drain Lower Budhi Lower Budhi Nala Nallah Hadda Hadda Qutfall Drain Faqirian Faqrian Sillanwali Silanwali Drainage Shah Jewana Shah Jewana Drain Rechna Doab Drainage Basin Upper Chenab Aik-Pulkhu Chil-Chhachh Canal Drain Aik-Pulkhu Tannelwah Drain Aik-Pulkhu Pulkhu

River Chenab River Chenab River Chenab River Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Jhelum (L) Chenab River Chenab River Chenab River Chenab River Chenab River

93.8 138

336 161

4200 900

10.2 17 97.4 16.4 412

70 8 60 15 247

42 50 7750 96 1585

16.2 21.88 258.2 19.98 53.74 97.1 49.5 328.9 15.78

66.4 N.A 187 N.A N.A 266 112.5 357 31.25

425 140 450 60 760 668 1100 471 200

Chenab (L) Chenab

23.49 15.7

14.74

292
Contin2

1900

Canal Sub-Drainage Command Basin Main Drainage Basin Deg Nallah Upper Deg Nallah Upper Deg Nallah Upper Deg Nallah Upper Deg Nallah Upper Deg Nallah Below QB Jaranwala Samundri QB Link QB Link

Name Drain

of Outfall

Length (km)

C. Area (000 ac.)

Q. Des (cfs)

Nallah Drain (L) Deg Divertion Ravi River Channel Hasri Drain Deg Gharyal Drain Chandpur Drain Daska Drain Deg Nallah Jaranwala Drainage System Summandri Drainage System Sangowali Drainage System Philoke Drain Deg Deg Deg Ravi River Ravi River Ravi River 119.8 385 371 298 503 247 21 33.3 672 2500 771 1316 433

QB Link- 53.4 Ravi 44

QB LinkRavi QB Link Hardke Drain QB LinkRavi QB Link Plangpur QB LinkDrain Ravi QB Link Gujranwala QB LinkDrain Ravi QB Link Fathpur QB LinkDrain Ravi QB Link Ishorke Drain QB LinkRavi QB Link Warn Drain QB LinkRavi QB Link Mangoki QB LinkDrain Ravi QB Link Sheikhupura QB LinkDrain Ravi Lower Chenab Ahmed pur Rasul Nagar Chenab Canal Wagh Drainage (L) System Ahmed pur Ahmedpur Chenab Wagh Wagh (L) Ahmed pur Kallu Tarar Chenab Wagh (L) Kot Nikkah Ahmedpur Chenab Kot Nikka (L) Chiniot Marh Chiniot Chenab Drainage (L)

1.2 54.3 6.1 18 14 69

18.58 112.17 64 34 52 116

116 700 40 212 112 1132

68.4 115.9

34 82

232 924

171.8 317.4

234 241

730 1704 Contin2

Canal Sub-Drainage Command Basin Main Drainage Basin Chakbandi Khairwala Jhang Gojra Haveli Canal TSMB Shorkot Bari Doab Drainage Basin BRBD Hudiara

Name Drain

of Outfall

Length (km)

C. Area (000 ac.)

Q. Des (cfs)

System Chakbandi Drainage System Khairwala Drain New area Gojra Main Drain TSMB Outfall Drain TSMB Outfall Drain

Chenab (L) Chenab (L) Chenab (L) Chenab (L) TSMB Ravi ( R)

205.4 84 N.A N.A

260 333 N.A N.A

812 1042 910 323

Hudiara Drain Raiwind Raiwind Main Drain Pandoki Pandoki Drain Pakpattan Sukhnai Sukhnai Canal Drain LBDC Gujera Nil LBDC Sukhrawa Sukhrawa Drain Sukh Beas Hujra Drain Below BS Sukh Beas Shergarh Below BS Drain Sukh Beas Kalson Drain Below BS Sukh Beas Shahbore Below BS Drain Sukh Beas Dhaya Drain Below BS Sukh Beas Gunnu Drain Below BS Sukh Beas Budh Dheko Below BS Drain Sukh Beas Berianwala Below BS Drain Sukh Beas Sherwala Below BS Drain Sutlej Left Bank (Fordwah Drainage Basin) Fordwah Canal Fordwah Kali Budhi Drainage System Fordwah Sadiqa Drain Fordwah Sadiqa Drain Eastern Chistian Chistian Sadiqa Canal Drainage

109.6

578 216 100 N.A Nil 361 9.87 49.35 27.8 27.8 47.43 20.51 9 23.07 5.12 51.2 N.A 44.87 N.A

8500 862 624 2000 816 62 30 174 174 296 96 56 144 32 300 75 70 Contin2 532

BS Link 127.5 Sutlej Sutlej ( R) 101.3 Sutlej (R ) SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej SukhnaiSutlej Sutlej (L) Sutlej (L) Sutlej (L) Sutlej (L) 57.92 345.8 12.9 29.28 9 23.16 27.35 16.73 7.7 10.29 4 79.1 38.6 19.3 87.5

Canal Sub-Drainage Command Basin Main Drainage Basin Haroonabad

Name Drain

of Outfall

Length (km)

C. Area (000 ac.)

Q. Des (cfs)

System FESS Outfall Drain Punjnad Left Bank Drainage Basin Punjnad Khanpur Khanpur Abbasia C. Drainage System Punjnad Allahabad Trukri Drain Abbasia C. Punjnad Manthar Manthar Abbasia C. Drainage System Taunsa Right Bank Drainage Basin DG Khan Manka New Manka Canal Drainage System Manka Manka Drain Manka Darkhast Drain Manka Tayyab Br. Drain Manka Lashari Br. Drain

E.Ponds E.Ponds Khanpur Drain E.Ponds

25 71.4

N.A N.A

552 750

60.5

N.A

212

Indus ( R) Indus ( R) Manka Drain Manka Drain Manka Drain

38.7 220 6.1 17.5 5 96.47 410

1.2

Industrial and Municipal Pollution

The untreated industrial and municipal wastes have created multiple environmental challenges for mankind. More than 1,000 industrial units and municipalities are directly discharging more than 5,500 cusecs untreated toxic effluents into the drains, rivers and natural Nallahs in addition to groundwater pollution in the province. The nature of this effluent varies from toxic to hazardous. The level of pollution varies from district to district and district Lahore is at the top of the list along with Sialkot, Kasur, Sheikhupura and Faisalabad. The disposal of untreated industrial effluents in to the water bodies has become a threat to the various useful uses including irrigation, drinking and sustenance of aquatic life. This water contains a large amount of heavy metals in addition to biological contamination. This is an alarming situation in the province, which is creating many problems for mankind. This water in addition to groundwater contamination adds a heavy load of pollution in our soils and food chain when used to irrigate the crops. In agriculture, excess of soluble salts in water result in low crop yields, and if sodium is in excess, soil deterioration occurs as well. Excess of heavy metals in the untreated industrial / sewage effluents results in metal ion toxicity and bacterial contamination, which threatens human health. Significant amounts of Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni in the sewage water may prove fatal for biological system. There are many industrial and sewage drains almost in all the big cities, which are polluting the surface water resource.

10

In the process of creating social and economical benefits to society, industrial production generates hazardous waste and chemical contaminants that affect negatively on quality of life. Similarly, there are more than 100 sewage water point sources, which are disposing wastewater in to the drain/canals/rivers. None of the water is fit for irrigation. This pollution load varies from drain to drain depending upon the industrial units and municipal discharge. The pollution load from industries and municipalities is estimated to be more than 5000 Cusecs, the level and extent of pollution varies from district to district (Table-3). Table-3.
Sr. No.

District Wise Detail of Industrial and Municipal Pollution in Punjab

No. of Industries 279 191 2 94 58 19 202 3 3 14 19 3 20 1 2 2 4 0 6 10 4 13 5 Effluent from Industries (Cusecs) 436 168 1.1 97 57 16 316 7 2 24 18.5 10.6 17 0.5 2.0 1.0 10.0 0 26.0 8.1 6.15 6.0 15 Major Disposal Stations 40 6 2 16 4 3 14 7 4 19 1 1 8 0 3 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 Effluent from Municipalities (Cusecs) 842 3136 25.5 215 35 40 100 25 40 75 3 2.4 218 0 20 0 0 60 18.0 120 0 0 0 Total Effluent (Cusecs) 1278 3304 27 312 92 56 416 32 42 99 21 13 235 0.5 22 1.0 10 60 45 128 6.15 6.0 15

District

1 Faisalabad 2 Lahore 3 Hafizabad 4 Gujranwala 5 Sialkot 6 Kasur 7 Sheikhpura 8 M.B.Din 9 Gujrat 10 Sargodha 11 Jhang 12 Khanewal 13 Multan 14 Lodhran 15 Bahawalpur 16 Bahawalnagar 17 Rahim Yar Khan 18 D.G.Khan 19 Muzaffarghar 20 Sahiwal 21 T.T.Singh 22 Khushab 23 Okara

Total: 875 1055 129 4790 5846 About 90% of the effluents from industries and municipalities is untreated, which is directly polluting the water resources of the province.

The sole purpose of water pollution control is to protect the receiving bodies of water and to ensure that their quality is suitable for any existing and future use. The wastewater, from industries and households contains many plant nutrients in addition to toxic martial (Table 4). Due to the varied nature of manufacturing processes, industrial effluents vary widely in composition and often contain toxic materials to pose serious problems towards human health, plants, animals and

11

aquatic life. It is therefore, imperative to evaluate the extent of the pollution and make necessary measures for mitigation. Table 4: Chemical Assessment of the Drainage and Municipal Effluents
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 Water source Satokatla Drain WASA pumps Hudiara Drain NEQS Actual Discharge (Cs) 69 5 179 pH 8.00 7.4 7.8 6-9 EC dS m-1 2.37 1.20 1.35 1.5 SAR mmol L-1 10.0 4.9 7.00 10.0 RSC mmol L-1 6.1 3.7 2.5 2.5 TDS mg L-1 1471 768 850 3500 BOD mg L-1 267 120 104 80 COD mg L-1 732 256 255 150 E. Coli MPN/1 >180 >180 >180 <1.0

Source = Directorate of Land Reclamation

1.3

Objectives

The specific objectives of the Surface Water Quality Monitoring Plan are. 1. To characterize the drain, canal and river water on the basis of industrial & urban pollution. 2. To monitor the quality of surface water available for crop irrigation, aquatic life, drinking and groundwater recharge 3. To establish a national database on surface water quality. 4. To formulate surface water quality management plan

2.
2.1

SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN

General Approach

Keeping in view the water crises in the country and degradation of natural surface water resources, there should be a surface water quality monitoring plan for the irrigation and drainage system of the Punjab. Maintenance of water quality and environmental aspects should be given due importance, because quality of surface water is a nation wide concern for environment, agriculture and public health. This monitoring plan will be for 3 years and will focus on rivers, head works, canals and drains along with initation of surface water quality management action plan in some of the critical areas such as Ravi River System D/S Lahore City as it is a source of both irrigation and drinking water supplies to a large area and population in southern Punjab. At this stage the sites selected for surface water quality checks include the following sources:

12

Source Rivers Canals Canals Drains

No. of Locations 25 sites for agricultural and including 2 sites for drinking point of view 101 sites for WQ checks for agricultural use 20 sites for sampling from drinking water point of view 56 sites for agriculture use and hot spots for NEQS

Relevant details are discussed in the succeeding sections as below. 2.2 Rivers and Head Works

General survey of all the 5 rivers and reservoirs will be conducted and sampling points will be identified (Table.5). The samples will be analyzed for irrigation water quality parameters as described by FAO and IPD, viz.

Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, RSC, pH, EC, SAR, Cu, Pb, Zn & Ni 1. In general the first sampling point of each river will be near the boundary of the province e.g. Sutlej near Ferozepur head works, Ravi at Ravi Siphon/ Down stream motor way, Chenab at Maralla, Jhelum at Mangla and Sindh at Attock. 2. The next sampling points will be before and after the entry point of main drain into the river. 3. All the head works and Rivers of the Punjab will be sampled bi-monthly (after two months). 4. The water samples from Baloki and Sulemanki head works will also be analyzed for drinking water and NEQS twice a year. 5. The flow of the river will be collected at the time of sampling for the assessment of river water chemistry during high and low river flows with collaboration of PMIU Section to synchronize discharge and water quality checks. 6. Data base employing GIS techniques will be developed for each river and sampling points to reflect the water quality of the system. 2.3 Canals

All the 24 major canals and links will be monitored for irrigation water quality parameters (Fig. 2) as specified in Rivers and Head works Section (2.2). At this stage 101 water quality sites have been selected - subject to adjustments as per field conditions as based on the initial monitoring data. 1. General survey of all the major canals will be conducted for the assessment of pollution load in collaboration with PMIU of IPD.

13

Fig.2

14

2. All the major canals will be sampled bi-monthly (after two months) at head, middle and tail points (Table.6). 3. Canal water will also be sampled before and after passing the major cities. 4. The pollution source of each canal will be marked on the GIS map. 5. In the areas where canal water is being used for drinking, the water quality parameters for drinking purposes will be evaluated to check the status of water supplied to the community. Water samples from 20 sites (Table. 7) will be collected quarterly and analyzed for drinking water quality parameters (Fig. 3) as per guidelines of WHO (World Health Organization). The following parameters will be detected for drinking water quality.
Total Dissolved Solid, Electrical Conductivity, Taste, Odour, Colour, Turbidity, pH, (BOD)5, Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Chloride, Chlorine, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phenolic Compounds, Oil and Grease, Sulphate, Sulphide, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium, Arsenic, Boron, Barium, Cadmium, Cyanide, Fluoride, Iron Manganese, Selenium, Fecal Coliform and Residual of commonly used pesticides and fertilizers

2.4 Drains There is large network of drains in Punjab, which collect the Agricultural, Industrial and Municipal effluents. Presently due to shortage of irrigation water supply, the drain water is also used for irrigation directly or it is added in to fresh water bodies. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor the drain water regularly. The drains water will be monitored for Irrigation water quality parameters and hot spots for NEQS. 1. General survey of the main drain will be conducted covering the major industrial and municipal units and that of the tributaries. 2. Drain water samples will be collected bi-annually (after six months) from the main drain at its head, middle and tail parts (Table.8). 3. Natural flows of each drain will be collected twice a year with collaboration of Chief Engineer Drainage and Flood. 4. The hot spots identified on basis of pollution load will be monitored bi-monthly (after two months). 5. The source points of the industrial and municipal pollution will be digitized on the district maps along-with data base information using GIS techniques.
NOTE a. All the drain, rivers and canal water samples will be analyzed in the laboratories of the Directorate of Land Reclamation after strengthening of laboratories. b. GIS work will be accomplished in the GIS Laboratory of the DLR.

15

Fig. 3

16

3.

INSTITUTIONAL SETUP

The Directorate of Land Reclamation I&P Dept. is regularly monitoring the surface water resources for quality assessment. This monitoring unit will work directly under the administrate control of Director Land Reclamation and will coordinate with the field teams and analytical work. Proposed Institutional Setup for Surface Water Quality Monitoring IPD

Directorate of Land Reclamation

Social & Environmental Management Unit

Field Teams (8 No.)

Surface Water Quality Monitoring Unit

Central Labs.

GIS Lab.

The present working staff of Directorate of Land Reclamation will be used for surface water monitoring work. The field teams responsible for surface water quality monitoring in Lahore, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Multan, Bahawalpur and D.G Khan are given below.

Field teams for Surface Water Quality Monitoring

Sr. No. 1 2 Monitoring Units Team Leader Lahore Faisalabad Land Reclamation Officer, UCC Land Reclamation Officer, LCC (East) Land Reclamation Officer, LCC (West) Land Reclamation Officer, T&SS Land Reclamation Officer, LBDC Land Reclamation Officer, HCC Land Reclamation Officer, Bahawalpur Assistant Land 17 Area (Canal Circles) ALROs, Reclamation UCC, Depalpur Supervisors ALROs, Reclamation LCC (East) Supervisors ALROs, Reclamation LCC (West) Supervisors ALRO, Reclamation UJC, LJC and Supervisors Thal ALROs, Reclamation LBDC Supervisors ALROs, Reclamation HCC, Malsi and Supervisors Nilibar ALROs, Reclamation Bahawalpur, Supervisors Bahawalnagar and R.Y Khan Reclamation M.Garh and D.G. Supporting staff

3 4 5 6 7

Sargodha Sahiwal Multan Bahawalpur D.G Khan

Sr. No. 8

Area (Canal Circles) Reclamation Officer Supervisor Khan Research Officer Research Officer Junior Research Hot spots (Soil) (Soil) Officers

Monitoring Units Team Leader

Supporting staff

Soil and Water Testing Laboratories

Physical Chemist

Research Officer (Soil)

Soil & Water Testing

Trace Metals Analysis

Lysimeter Studies and Analysis Work

Requirements
1. Training in the filed of water sampling, analysis and impact assessment 2. Strengthening of the field and central laboratories. Funding source = Annual Development Programme of Punjab (ADP)

18

Table-5: Location of Sampling Points of Rivers for Surface Water Monitoring in Punjab
Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Source River Sutlej River Sutlej River Ravi River Ravi River Ravi at Sidhnai Headwork River Chenab River Chenab River Chenab River Chenab-cum-Jhelum River Jhelum River Jhelum Indus River Indus River Indus River D/S Punjnad (Near Mithen Kot) Address At Sulemanki Head works At Islam Head works D/S Motor way, Lahore At Balloki Head works At Sidhnai Head works At Marala Head works At Khanki Head works At Qadirabad Head works At Trimmu Head works From Mangla Dam before entry in Jhelum City River Jhelum at Rasul Barage Near Jinnah Barrage Mianwali At Chashma, Mianwali At Taunsa Barrage At Head Punjnad (West side)

19

Table-6:
Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

Location of Sampling Points of Canals for Surface Water Monitoring

Zone Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Multan Multan Multan Multan Multan Multan Multan Source Marala Ravi Canal Marala Ravi Canal Upper Chenab Canal Upper Chenab Canal Upper Chenab Canal Upper Chenab Canal Upper Chenab Canal BRBD Canal Central Bari Doab Canal Central Bari Doab Canal BS Link Canal BS Link Canal BS Link Canal QB Link Canal QB Link Canal Haveli Main Line Head Haveli Main Line Middle Haveli Main Line Tail Sidhnai Canal Sidhnai Canal Sidhnai Canal Multan Branch
18

Address Marala Ravi Link Canal at Marala Head works (Head Reach) M.R.L at Dhilli Pull Muridke Narowal Road Crossing (Tail Reach). U.C.C at Marala Head works (Head Reach) U.C.C at Bamban wala Head works Near Daska. U.C.C at Ratta Jhal Gujranwala (Middle Reach). U.C.C at Murad Trust Eye Hospital Gujranwala (Middle Reach) U.C.C at Khanpur, Lahore Sheikhupura Road Crossing (Tail Reach). B.R.B.D Canal at Bamban wala Head works near Daska (Head Reach) C.B.D.C (Lahore Branch) at Dharampura (Middle Reach) C.B.D.C (Lahore Branch) at Thokar Niaz Beg (Tail Reach) B.S Link Canal at Balloki Head works (Head Reach). B.S Link Canal at Rajowal Bridge Kasur Depalpur Road Crossing (Middle Reach) B.S Link Canal Down stream Head Gulsher (Tail Reach) Q.B. Link Canal at Sheikhupura Faisalabad Road Crossing near Bhiki (Bridge) Q.B. Link Canat at Skp-Fsd. Road Crossing after fall of Rachna Drain At Trimmu Head works At Haveli Bahadar Shah Tail at Sidhnai Head works At Sidhnai Head works Middle at Chooper Hutta Tail at Pull Rangoo Head at Pull Rangoo
Continued. Table. 6

Sr. No. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

Zone Multan Multan Multan Multan Multan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Thal Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur

Source Multan Branch Multan Branch Rang Pur Canal Rang Pur Canal Rang Pur Canal D.G Khan Canal D.G Khan Canal D.G Khan Canal M/Garh Canal M/Garh Canal M/Garh Canal Main Line Canal Middle Main Line Canal Tail Main Line Lower Canal Main Line Lower Canal Dulewala Canal Head Dulewala Canal Middle Dulewala Canal Tail Mahajir Branch Head Mahajir Branch Middle Mahajir Branch Tail C.J link Head C.J link Middle C.J link Tail Pakpattan Canal Pakpattan Canal Pakpattan Canal Eastern Sadiqia Canal Eastern Sadiqia Canal Eastern Sadiqia Canal Qaim Canal Qaim Canal Qaim Canal

Address Middle Before passing Multan city Tail after crossing Multan city. Head at Trimmu Head Works. Middle at Jawana Canal Rest House Tail at Head Mohammad Wala Head Taunsa Middle at Yarowali Pull Tail at Zero Point Head at Taunsa Middle at R.D No. 185 Tail at Head Bakani After passing Mianwali city near Miana Khoh Head pacca near Kundian Chak No.37/TDA, Bhakkar Chak No.154/TDA, Layyah From Head pacca Kundian farm Mianwali Near Chak No. 16/DB, Piplan Mianwali 4 DB near Ali Khel Tehsil Kalurkot Bhakkar Head Pacca Near Kundian Near canal rest house Gunjial Qaiderabad Near Boula Joharabad District Khushab Chashma Bairage Mianwali Near Adhi Kot Tehsil Noorpur Thal Khushab Near Sher Garh Tehsil and District Khushab At Head of Pakpattan Canal Middle of P.C, RD 2740275, near Dello Wala Canal Rest House. Tail of P.C at RD 4600461, near Machi wal Vehari Head of Eeast Sadiqia Canal. Middle of Eastern Sadiqia Canal at RD 116, near Village Golowala Tail of East Sadiqia Canal at RD 245, at Head Jal wala At Head Islam. Middle of Qaim Canal Pul Choan, RD 17018 Tail of Qaim Canal at Shahpur R/H RD 29
Continued. Table. 6

21

Sr. No. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.

Zone Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sahiwal Sahiwal Sahiwal Sahiwal Sahiwal

Source Upper Bahawal Canal Upper Bahawal Canal Upper Bahawal Canal Mailsi Canal Mailsi Canal Mailsi Canal Punjnad Canal Punjnad Canal Punjnad Canal Abbasia Canal Abbasia Canal Abbasia Canal Lower Jhelum Canal (Middle) Lower Jhelum Canal before entry in Sargodha city Lower Jhelum Canal after crossing in Sargodha city Lower Jhelum Canal Tail Lower Jhelum Canal Head Upper Jhelum Canal Head Upper Jhelum Canal Middle Upper Jhelum Canal Tail RQ Link Canal Head RQ Link Canal Middle RQ Link Canal Tail LBDC LBDC LBDC LBDC LBDC

Address At Head Islam. Middle of Upper Bahawal Canal near Chak Katora Farm RD 22 Tail of Upper Bahawal Canal near Head Qaim Feeder Adda near Chowk Talhar RD 43 At Head Shair Garh. Middle of Mailsi Canal Pul Kehroor Pacca RD 60000 Tail of Mailsi Canal Pul Lodhran at Main Crossing Multan Bahawalpur Road Head Punjnad Canal RD 6 at Pul Punjnad Canal Alipur Uch Road Middle of Punjnad Canal RD 135 Thul Humza Pul Zahir Pir Chachranh Road (Tail) of Punjnad Canal Head of Abbasia Canal RD 5 Head Punjnad 1/K.M Down Middle of Abbasia Canal RD 137 Pul Chak the Mori Tail of Abbasia Canal RD 171 Sangar Wala From Bhalwal Bhera Road crossing LJC From Luddawala Banglow From Istaqlal abad From Sobhi Jhal From Rasul Head works From Mangla Dam before entry in Jhelum city From Saroki near Gujrat Phaliya Road Near Kunjha after passing the town From Rasul Barrag From Mano Chak at Gujrat Phaliya road From Qadirabad Barrage L.B.D.C at Head Balloki (Head Reach) L.B.D.C (Middle Reach) L.B.D.C (Tail Reach) L.B.D.C at Okara City entrance L.B.D.C at Okara City exit point

22

Continued. Table. 6

Sr. No. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.

Zone Sahiwal Sahiwal Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad West) Faisalabad West) Faisalabad West) Faisalabad West) Faisalabad West) Faisalabad West) Faisalabad West)

Source LBDC LBDC Upper Goggera Branch Upper Goggera Branch Upper Goggera Branch Lower Goggera Branch Lower Goggera Branch Lower Goggera Branch Burala Branch Burala Branch Burala Branch Rakh Canal Rakh Canal Rakh Canal Rakh Canal Jhang Branch Jhang Branch Jhang Branch

Address L.B.D.C at Sahiwal entrance L.B.D.C at Sahiwal exit point Sagar Canal Rest House Head of Upper Gogera Br. Sheikhupura Faisalabad Road Bachiana Head Canal Rest House Near Head Bachiana R.D. Jhal Saloni Fsd. Samundri Road Near Bhagat Canal Rest House Near Head Bachiana. Near Samundri RD 272 Mouza Veroana Kamalia Chichawatni Rd Head at Nanuana Middle at Daural Isan (Sulawala) City Entrance at Gatwalla Faisalabad Tail city out at Jhal Khanuana Faisalabad Head at Mannana Middle at Bairnwala Tail at Aminpur Rest House

23

Table-7: Sampling Points for Monitoring of Surface Water Quality for Drinking Purposes
Sr.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Circle/ Zone Bahawalpur Circle (Bahawalpur Zone) Rahim Yar Khan Circle (Bahawalpur Zone) Bahawal Nagar Circle (Bahawalpur Zone) HC Circle (Multan Zone) CRBC (D.G Khan Zone) Rajanpur Circle (D.G Khan Zone) LCC East (Faisalabad Zone) LJC Circle (Sargodha Zone) Head Works Address Desret Branch at Kudwala Rest House Minchin Branch near Gulmarg Rest House Abbasia Canal at Chann Goth Railway Station Abe-Hayat Dy. At Bagobahar Rest House Walhar Branch Dy. At Walhar Rest House Sadqia Canal at Jalwala Rest House Malik Branch Chandna Rest House Hakra Branch at Mianwala Toba Fordwah Canal at Mehmood pur Bahawal Nagar Hakra Branch at Kamrani Rest House. TS Link Canal near Shorkot Cantt. CRBC near Taunsa Town Dajal Canal Near Dajal Town Qadara Canal at Hassanwala Rest House Rakh Branch at Madina Town Khekha Dy. of Lower Gogera near Khekha Rest House Dubanwala Dy. Of Lower Gogera near Bhagat Rest House Northern Branch of LJC near Ludda wala Rest House Baloki Head works Sulemanki Head works

22

Table- 8:
Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

Location of Sampling Points of Drains for Surface Water Monitoring

Zone Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore Lahore D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan D.G Khan Source Nikki Deg Drain Nikki Deg Drain Nikki Deg Drain Sheikhupura Drain Sheikhupura Drain Sheikhupura Drain Rachna Drain Rachna Drain Hudiara Drain Hudiara Drain Raiwind Main Drain Raiwind Main Drain Raiwind Main Drain Ghazi Ghat Main Drain Ghazi Ghat Main Drain Ghazi Ghat Main Drain Branch & Main Drain Mixing point Ghazi Ghat Main Drain Manka Old Drain Manka Old Drain New Manka Drain New Manka Drain New Manka Drain
23

Address Nikki Deg at Khori on G.T. Road Near Sadhoki, Gujrn. Nikki Deg at 8 Km Sheikhupura Muridke Road Crossing Nikki Deg at LHR- Sheikhupura Road crossing near East Pakistan Chrome Teneries Sheikhupura Drain at SKP- Sharakpur road Crossing, Sheikhupura City SKP Drain at SKP-Faisalabad Road Crossing before fall of Bhikki Drain SKP Drain at SKP-FSD Road Crossing before fall into Rachna Outfall Drain Rachna O/F Drain after fall of Mangoki drain at SKP Farooqabad Road near PARCO Rachna O/F drain, SKP-FSD road crossing near Q.B. Link Canal after fall RD of SKP Drain Ferozepur Road Hudiaria Drain at Multan Road Crossing near Mohlanwala Lahore. Raiwind Main Drain, LHR-Raiwind Road Crossing near Haier Tronics Factory Raiwind Main Drain near Bhagiana Kalan Phoolnagar Kot Radha Kishan Road Crossing Raiwind Main Drain near Century Paper Mills Multan Road Near Jamber Khurd At Snawan City R.D 120 At R.D 113 Fatima Sugar Mills At R.D 67.5 P.S.O Depot Point Mixing of two Drain near Lalpir Power Station At RD-46 of M/Garh Canal falling in River Indus Pull Dot at D.G Khan Main Road Bridge Choti Zerian At R.D 126026 At R.D 86198 (Jam Pur Sewerage) At R.D 37285 falling in River Sindh
Continued. Table. 8

Sr. No. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.

Zone Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Sargodha Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (East)

Source Sadiqia Drain Bahawalnagar Sadiqia Drain Bahawalnagar Sadiqia Drain Bahawalnagar Lower BWN: Drain Lower BWN: Drain Lower BWN: Drain Trikhny Drain Trikhny Drain Trikhny Drain Khanpur Drain Khanpur Drain Khanpur Drain Raniwah Drain (Head) Raniwah Drain (Middle) Raniwah Drain (Tail) F.S Drain (Head) F.S Drain (Middle) F.S Drain (Tail) Samundri Main Drain Samundri Main Drain Samundri Main Drain Maduana Branch Drain Maduana Branch Drain Maduana Branch Drain Jaranwala Main Drain Jaranwala Main Drain

Address At Head of Sadiqia Drain Manianwala at Minchan Abad Army Cantt Bahawalnagar Bota At Head Gate No. 4 Army Cantt, BWN At Middle of Mohlarh Wala Basti At Tail of near Adda Feedre Pull Head T.R/3 Middle T.R/43 Tail T.R/50 Head Ghonian Middle T/W 24 Tail Thathi Khara Dee Village Village Arar near Chistian Sugar Mill Chak No.187, NB Village Ahmad wala Chak 109, SB Pull Village Salam RD Chack No. 502 R.D 1100111 Chak No.477 G.B Chak No. 535 G.B and Chak No. 373/GB Near Chak No.535 & 373 GB R.D 34 Chak No. 92/GB RD 203 Near Chak No.73 RB R.D 26027 Near Chak No. 382/G.B R.D 132 Chak No. 99 G.B & 96 R.D

24

Continued. Table. 8

Sr. No. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.

Zone Faisalabad (East) Faisalabad (West) Faisalabad (West) Faisalabad (West) Faisalabad (West) Faisalabad (West) Faisalabad (West)

Source Jaranwala Main Drain Paharang Main Drain Paharang Main Drain Paharang Main Drain Dijkot Branch Drain Dijkot Branch Drain Dijkot Branch Drain RD 154 Chak 97/RB & 93 RB Head at RD 23024 Chak 27 J.B

Address

Middle at RD 94095 Chak No. 7 J.B Tail at RD 159160 Chak No. 159 R.B Head at RD 39500 Chak No. 348 J.B Middle at RD 680735 Chak No. 92 J.B Tail at R.D 150+ 255 Chak No. 250 R.B

25