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PHYA22 Practical Week 2

1. Below are two dierent motion diagrams. Each represents a snapshot of a wave moving with a speed of 0.5 m/s, though they are moving in dierent directions. Each is taken at time t = 0. Draw and clearly label the history graphs that correspond to each situation for the particle at x = 0.3 m.

2. All waves have the following properties: amplitude, wavelength, frequency, wave speed, particle speed. Assume the waves are one-dimensional (like waves on a string) and there is no friction or absorption. Answer the following questions, explaining your answers for each. (a) Which property or properties are set completely by the medium and cannot be aected by the source of the wave? (b) Which property or properties are set completely by the source of the wave and cannot be changed by changes in the medium? (c) Which property or properties do not appear in either of your two previous answers? (d) Based on your answers, what should happen to a wave that goes from one medium to another. For example, if you tied two ropes of dierent thickness together and sent a wave along them, what happens to the wave when it goes from the thicker (and slower) rope to the thinner rope? (e) There are a pair of springs attached to each other. When stretched, a wave should speed up or slow down when going from one to the other. See if you can qualitatively conrm your previous answers by playing with the spring. Some of the properties may be dicult to verify. (f) While playing with the spring, you should notice there is a reected wave. Describe the behavior of the reection based on your experimenting. Does the reection behave the same in both directions (i.e. from thick to thin spring, and from thin to thick spring)?

3. What is the phase of a wave? What does it mean, what does it represent? How does it relate to the phase of harmonic oscillators? Are they the same thing? Similar things? Completely unrelated? Explain your answers. 4. Transverse waves are easy to visualize. Sound is a longitudinal wave. Go to the app at the URL below and then answer the following questions
http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/IYearLab/Intros/StandingWaves/Flash/long_wave.swf

(a) The bottom view is the actual situation, where the top is the mathematical displacement graph D(x, t). Based on what is happening at the bottom, can you tell which direction the wave is traveling? Explain. (b) The bottom view is one of a density wave. Sound is often called a pressure wave. Does the high density region correspond to a high or low pressure region of the pressure wave? Explain. (c) Use the pause button and the step buttom to freeze the app at a point where the points labelled 3 and 9 are at equilibrium while point 6 is at maximum displacement. Describe what is happening at points 3, 6 and 9 in terms of both the pressure and the displacement waves. Sketch what your screen looks like in your lab book. (d) What is the phase dierence between the pressure wave and the displacement wave?