Temperature

Wavelength

Red-7000 A0 Orange-6100 A0 Yallow-5900 A0 Green -5000 A0 Blue -4700 A0 Violet -4000 A0 5.In this curve the area enclosed between the curve and wavelength axis is directly proportional to fourth power of absolute temperature of body (T4) the area enclosed relates to the radiations emitted out so we can say Stefans law is verified by the curve.[ RT 4 - STEFAN' S LAW ]. 6. The max value of Intensity emitted is directly proportional to fifth power of absolute temperature of the body. E MAX . T 5
E MAX . T -5 = CONSTANT

Laws For the radiations emitted out by the body:There are 3 Laws for the radiations emitted out by any body1.WIENS LAW :-According to this law the radiations emitted out between to + d by any body having temperature (T) will be given as- dE =

E d = A 5 e - b

Wavelength, ' T ' Absolute temperature of the body. This Law is applicable for radiations of law

) d

.Here, A is constant ,b is constant.

wavelength. 2.Rayleigh & Jeans Law :-The Radiations emitted out will be given as :dE = E d = 8 KT-4d . K is Bolt3 man constant 3.PLANCKS Law :-

= 1.38 10 23 J

Kelvin.

dE = E d =

8 h c d 5 hc e 1 KT

Solar Constant-:The radiations coming on the earth surface per unit area per unit time is said to be solar constant. Denoted by S. S= 2 Calorie /cm2 minute. S= 1358 Watts /m2. S= 1.4 K.Watt /m2. To find the temperature of sun with help of solar constant:- Consider that temperature of sun T radius of sun is r then radiations emitted out by sun per unit area per unit time will be :- R = T 4 Total Radiations 4 emitted out by sun per unit time will be :- R 1 = AT . (I) = 4r 2 T 4 . If we consider that distance of earth from sun is d & solar constant is S then total radiations at d distance per unit time be R2 = S 4d 2 (II) Earth R1 = R 2 4r 2 T 4 = S 4d 2 Sd 2 4 T = 2 r
Sd 2 T = r 2
1 4

Important points: 1.Time taken by the radiations to reach earth from sun is nearly 9 minutes. 2.If a platinum wire is heated the relation between its temperature and colour will be asUp to ----- 5250c Light red 9000c Dark red 10000c Orange 12500c Yellow 16100c white 3.In the rough surface absorption is more because effective geometrical area is more. 4.If point.black or lamp black is polished on any surface than coefficient or absorption increases by surface. 5.For white and bright bodies coefficient absorption is negligible and coefficient of reflection is more. 6.If we polish the bodies the radiations emitted out will be less so their temperature will reduce slowly. 7.Air, Wood, glass, clouds they are non-conductor of heat. The bodies, which conduct radiations through them very easily are said be Dither . 8.We can write Weins Displacements Law as also-The frequency of radiations having maximum. Intensity is directly proportional to Absolute temperature of body.

 m CT m = b m c Velocity of light = = b Weins constant

b= 2.93 10 3 m k With the help of this Law we can find the temperature of solar Bodies. 9. Radiations causes small pressure on the surface. 10.Pyrometer help to measure high temperature. 11.Coefficient of absorption depends on the nature of surface only not on the area of surface. 12.Effect of light on retina is nearly 1

16

S.