G.R. Nos. L-25836-37 January 31, 1981 THE PHILIPPINE BANK OF COMMERCE, plaintiff-appellee, vs. JOSE M. ARUEGO, defendant-appellant.

FERNANDEZ, J.: FACTS: To facilitate payment of the printing of a periodical called World Current Events., Aruego , its publisher, obtained a credit accommodation from the Philippine Bank of Commerce. For every printing of the periodical, the printer collected the cost of printing by drawing a draft against the bank, said draft being sent later to Aruego for acceptance. As an added security for the payment of the amounts advanced to the printer, the bank also required Aruego to execute a trust receipt in favor of the bank wherein Aruego undertook to hold in trust for the bank the periodicals and to sell the same with the promise to turn over to the bank the proceeds of the sale to answer for the payment of all obligations arising from the draft. The bank instituted an action against Aruego to recover the cost of printing of the latters periodical. Aruego however argues that he signed the supposed bills of exchange only as an agent of the Philippine Education Foundation Company where he is president.

ISSUES: Whether Aruego can be held liable by the petitioner although he signed the supposed bills of exchange only as an agent of Philippine Education Foundation Company.

RULING: Aruego did not disclose in any of the drafts that he accepted that he was signing as representative of the Philippine Education Foundation Company. For failure to disclose his principal, Aruego is personally liable for the drafts he accepted, pursuant to Section 20 of the NIL which provides that when a person adds to his signature words indicating that he signs for or on behalf of a principal or in a representative capacity, he is not liable on the instrument if he was duly authorized; but the mere addition of words describing him as an agent or as filing a representative character, without disclosing his principal, does not exempt him from personal liability.

-FACTS: Aruego, on behalf of World Current Events, entered into a Credit Agreement with PBCom, for the publication of the companys periodicals. At every printi ng endeavor by the printing press, a bill of exchange is drawn against PBCom. The instruments are signed by Aruego, without any indication that he is an agent of World Current Events. When he was being held liable by PBCom, he averred that he only signed the instrument in the capacity of agent of the company.

HELD: An inspection of the drafts accepted by the defendant would show nowhere that he has disclosed that he was signing in representation of the Philippine Education Foundation Company. He merely signed his name. For failure to disclose his principal, Aruego was personally liable for the drafts he accepted.