THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( 900 mm, 90 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS

S FOR 90 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST

PIPE DIAMETER (mm)

L 1779

A 3500

B 3300

C 5349

D 4000

E 1496

F 400

CONC. VOL. (m3) 96.802

900

Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 90 0.6362 = = = = mm deg m2 18 24 10 0.40 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3

Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction ()

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) Submerged height of thrust block (h2)

= =

0.150 0.000

m m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)

= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)

= = = =

600 1.50 1.50 1.20

kN/m2

FGL = IL = GWT =

+ 9.000 + 6.400 + 4.400

= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)

= = = = =

900 1.13 1.13 1.20 100

kN/m2

kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure Thrust Block Plan Area = 24.767 m2 Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 2323.260 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil V = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 2390.130 kN V Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.507 kPa < SBC, Ok Thrust Block Stability Check 1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 539.810 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2

= =

3.715 66.870

m3 kN (on top of thrust block)

h1

GWT

2.38 2.000

m m

Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block

WC * x 5522.70 kN.m
Tw
y

WC

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TW * y + BF * x 1079.62 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 5522.696 FOT = = 5.115 > 1.5 , Ok 1079.621 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * = 929.304 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW FS = 929.304 539.810 = 1.722 > 1.5 , Ok

O BF

Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 809.715 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TH * y + BF * x 1619.431 kN.m MR MOT

Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 5522.696 = 1619.431 b. Check against Sliding FOT = 3.41

> 1.13 , Ok FR TH > 1.13 , Ok

Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS = 929.304 809.715 = 1.148

3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB = 2323.260 = 0.000 N/A = Wt. of Conc BF

> 1.2 , Ok

THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( 900 mm, 60 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 60 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE DIAMETER (mm)

L 1208
1

A 5110

B 442

C 6342

D 4000
4

E 1650
2

F 4250
3

CONC VOL (m3) 67.796

900
steps

Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 60 0.6362 = = = = mm deg m2 18 24 10 0.40 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3

Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction ()

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) Submerged height of thrust block (h2)

= =

0.150 0.000

m m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)

= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)

= = = =

600 1.50 1.50 1.20

kN/m2

FGL = IL = GWT =

+ 9.000 + 6.400 + 4.400

= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)

= = = = =

900 1.13 1.13 1.20 100

kN/m2

kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 17.333 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 1627.101 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil V = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 1673.900 kN V Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.572 kPa < SBC, Ok Thrust Block Stability Check
GWT

= =

2.600 46.800

m3 kN (on top of thrust block)

h1

1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 381.704 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =

h2

1.814 2.000

m m

Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block

WC * x 2951.920 kN.m
Tw y

WC

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TW * y + BF * x 763.407 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 2951.920 FOT = = 3.867 > 1.5 , Ok 763.407 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * = 650.840 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW

O BF

Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust

FS

650.840 381.704

= 1.705

> 1.5 , Ok

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 572.555 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TH * y + BF * x 1145.111 kN.m MR MOT

Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 2951.920 FOT = = 2.578 1145.111 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS = 650.840 572.555 = 1.137 =

> 1.13 , Ok FR TH > 1.13 , Ok

3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB = 1627.101 0.000 = N/A = Wt. of Conc BF

> 1.2 , Ok

THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( 900 mm, 45 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 45 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE DIAMETER (mm)

L 1081
1

A 5174

B 467

C 4753

D 4000
4

E 2000
2

F 3600
3

CONC VOL (m3) 52.633

900
steps

Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 45 0.6362 = = = = mm deg m2 18 24 10 0.40 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3

Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction ()

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) Submerged height of thrust block (h2)

= =

0.150 0.000

m m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)

= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)

= = = =

600 1.50 1.50 1.20

kN/m2

FGL = IL = GWT =

+ 9.000 + 6.400 + 4.400

= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)

= = = = =

900 1.13 1.13 1.20 100

kN/m2

kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 13.502 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 1263.180 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil V = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 1299.636 kN V Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.255 kPa < SBC, Ok Thrust Block Stability Check 1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 292.143 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2

= =

2.025 36.455

m3 kN (on top of thrust block)

h1 GWT

1.879 2.000

m m

Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block

WC * x 2373.234 kN.m
Tw y

WC

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TW * y + BF * x 584.286 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 2373.234 FOT = = 4.062 > 1.5 , Ok 584.286 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * = 505.272 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW

O BF

Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust

FS

505.272 292.143

1.73

> 1.5 , Ok

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 438.215 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TH * y + BF * x 876.430 kN.m MR MOT

Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 2373.234 FOT = = 2.708 876.430 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS = 505.272 438.215 = 1.153 =

> 1.13 , Ok FR TH > 1.13 , Ok

3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB = 1263.180 0.000 = N/A = Wt. of Conc BF

> 1.2 , Ok

THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( 900 mm, 30 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 30 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE DIAMETER (mm)

L 790
1

A 4975

B 491

C 3157

D 4000
4

E 2000
2

F 3150
3

CONC VOL (m3) 35.285

900
steps

Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 30 0.6362 = = = = mm deg m2 18 24 10 0.40 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3

Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction ()

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) Submerged height of thrust block (h2)

= =

0.150 0.000

m m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)

= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)

= = = =

600 1.50 1.50 1.20

kN/m2

FGL = IL = GWT =

+ 9.000 + 6.400 + 4.400

= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)

= = = = =

900 1.13 1.13 1.20 100

kN/m2

kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 9.073 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 846.841 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil V = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 871.337 kN V Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.041 kPa < SBC, Ok Thrust Block Stability Check
GWT

= =

1.361 24.496

m3 kN (on top of thrust block)

h1

1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 197.584 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =

h2

1.881 2.000

m m

Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block

WC * x 1593.184 kN.m
Tw y

WC

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TW * y + BF * x 395.169 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 1593.184 FOT = = 4.032 > 1.5 , Ok 395.169 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * = 338.736 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW

O BF

Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust

FS

338.736 197.584

= 1.714

> 1.5 , Ok

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 296.376 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TH * y + BF * x 592.753 kN.m MR MOT

Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 1593.184 FOT = = 2.688 592.753 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS = 338.736 296.376 = 1.143 =

> 1.13 , Ok FR TH > 1.13 , Ok

3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB = 846.841 0.000 = N/A = Wt. of Conc BF

> 1.2 , Ok

THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( 900 mm, 22.5 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 22.5 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE DIAMETER (mm)

L 790
1

A 3923

B 964

C 2525

D 4000
4

E 1500
2

F 2500
3

CONC VOL (m3) 26.374

900
steps

Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 22.5 0.6362 = = = = mm deg m2 18 24 10 0.40 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3

Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction ()

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) Submerged height of thrust block (h2)

= =

0.150 0.000

m m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)

= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)

= = = =

600 1.50 1.50 1.20

kN/m2

FGL = IL = GWT =

+ 9.000 + 6.400 + 4.400

= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)

= = = = =

900 1.13 1.13 1.20 100

kN/m2

kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 6.845 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 632.980 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil V = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 651.461 kN V Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 95.176 kPa < SBC, Ok Thrust Block Stability Check
GWT

= =

1.027 18.481

m3 kN (on top of thrust block)

h1

1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 148.933 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =

h2

1.669 2.000

m m

Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block

WC * x 1056.520 kN.m
Tw y

WC

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TW * y + BF * x 297.867 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 1056.520 FOT = = 3.547 > 1.5 , Ok 297.867 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * = 253.192 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW

O BF

Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust

FS

253.192 148.933

1.7

> 1.5 , Ok

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 223.400 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TH * y + BF * x 446.800 kN.m MR MOT

Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 1056.520 FOT = = 2.365 446.800 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS = 253.192 223.400 = 1.133 =

> 1.13 , Ok FR TH > 1.13 , Ok

3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB = 632.980 0.000 = N/A = Wt. of Conc BF

> 1.2 , Ok

THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( 900 mm, 11.25 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 11.25 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE DIAMETER (mm)

L 790
1

A 2836

B 1406

C 1964

D 3000
4

E 850
2

F 2000
3

CONC VOL (m3) 13.333

900
steps

Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 11.25 0.6362 = = = = mm deg m2 18 24 10 0.40 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3

Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction ()

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) Submerged height of thrust block (h2)

= =

0.650 0.000

m m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)

= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)

= = = =

600 1.50 1.50 1.20

kN/m2

FGL = IL = GWT =

+ 9.000 + 6.400 + 4.400

= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)

= = = = =

900 1.13 1.13 1.20 100

kN/m2

kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 4.779 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 319.996 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil V = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 375.916 kN V Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 78.653 kPa < SBC, Ok Thrust Block Stability Check 1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 74.827 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2

= =

3.107 55.919

m3 kN (on top of thrust block)

h1

GWT

1.340 1.500

m m

Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block

WC * x 428.723 kN.m
Tw y

WC

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TW * y + BF * x 112.240 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 428.723 FOT = = 3.82 > 1.5 , Ok 112.240 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * = 127.998 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW

O BF

Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust

FS

127.998 74.827

= 1.711

> 1.5 , Ok

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 112.240 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = = TH * y + BF * x 168.361 kN.m MR MOT

Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 428.723 FOT = = 2.546 168.361 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS = 127.998 112.240 = 1.14 =

> 1.13 , Ok FR TH > 1.13 , Ok

3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB = 319.996 0.000 = N/A = Wt. of Conc BF

> 1.2 , Ok