Joint Shoulder

Motion Flexion Extension Abduction Lateral Rotation

Fulcrum Greater Tubercle Greater Tubercle Acromion Olecranon

Proximal Arm Parallel to midaxillary line of thorax Parallel to midaxillary line of thorax Parallel to midline of ant aspect of sternum Parallel to or perpendicular to floor

Distal Arm ROM Lateral midline of humerus 0-180 Lateral midline of humerus 0-60 Anterior midline of 0-180 humerus With ulna using olecranon 0-90 process and ulnar styloid for reference With ulna using olecranon 0-70 process and ulnar styloid for reference

Position Supine Prone Supine Supine

End Feel Firm Firm Firm Firm

Medial Rotation

Olecranon

Perpendicular to or parallel with floor

Supine

Firm

Elbow

Flexion Pronation Supination

Lateral Epicondyle Olecranon Med/Prox to ulnar styloid process Greater Trochanter Greater Trochanter ASIS ASIS Patella

Lateral midline of humerus Parallel to ant midline of humerus Parallel to ant midline of humerus Lateral midline of pelvis Lateral midline of pelvis Horizontal line from one ASIS to another Horizontal line from one ASIS to another Perpendicular to floor or parallel to surface

Lateral midline of radius Parallel to ant midline of humerus Across ventral aspect of forearm Lateral midline of femur Lateral midline of femur Anterior midline of femur Anterior midline of femur Anterior midline of lower leg

0-150 0-80 0-80

Supine Sitting Sitting

Soft Hard Firm

Hip

Flexion Extension Adduction Abduction Lateral Rotation

0-120 0-30 0-30 0-45 0-45

Supine Prone Supine Supine Sitting

Soft Firm Firm Firm Firm

Medial Rotation

Patella

Perpendicular to floor or Anterior midline of lower parallel to surface leg Lateral Midline of Femur Lateral Midline of fibula

0-45

Sitting

Firm

Knee

Flexion Extension

Lateral Epicondyle

0-150

Supine

Soft Firm

Ankle

Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion Inversion

Lateral Surface of Lateral Malleolus Lateral Surface of Lateral Malleolus Anterior Surface between Malleolous Anterior Surface between Malleolous

0-20 0-50 0-35

Sitting/Prone/Supine Firm Sitting Sitting Firm Firm

Eversion

0-15

Sitting

Hard