Chapter 14: Time NVH Analysis – Chassis Example

Time NVH Analysis –

14 Chassis Example


Summary 231

Introduction 232

Requested Solutions 232

Model Details Time NVH scheme 232

FEM Solution 233

Results 235

Modeling Tips 237

Input File(s) 238
 CHAPTER 14 231
Time NVH Analysis – Chassis Example

Summary
Title Chapter 14: Time NVH Analysis – Chassis Example
Features A potentially nonlinear periodic transient dynamic response of a chassis sub-frame
analysis is followed by a fast Fourier transform to extract the modes and frequencies that
characterize the dynamic solution which is compared to traditional linear modal
analysis.
Geometry Units: mm
G L
W1= 993
W2= 1,182 W1 W2
L1= 1,518 A F
L2= 865
L3= 927
L1 L2 L3 L4
L4= 361
Size of rectangular hollow beam: 53x111 to 53x191 depending on locations.
Thickness of shell: 3.5

Material properties E = 2.10x10 5 N  mm

2
,  = 0.3 ,  = 7.89x10 – 9 ton  mm 3
Analysis type TIMNVH analysis (SOL 700)
Boundary conditions Free
Applied loads Vertical impulse load applied at point A
Element type 4-node shell element
FE results Transient response, FFT, mode shapes and frequencies
1.00E-01

1.00E-02

901581

1.00E-03 901641
901697
Amplitude

901865
902061
1.00E-04 902097
902580
902595
902609
1.00E-05 902797
902996
903063

1.00E-06
0.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01 1.00E+02 1.20E+02 1.40E+02 1.60E+02

Frequency (Hz)

L
K
J
I
F
H E
G D
C
B
A
232 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 14

Introduction
This is an example of a virtual dynamic test. A chassis of a car was modeled and a vertical impulse loading was applied
at one of front corner points. Time histories were obtained at select chassis locations and they were translated to
frequency domain by applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to extract mode shapes and frequencies for 12 sampling
points.

Requested Solutions
Acceleration time histories are obtained at 12 points and they are translated to a frequency domain. Dynamic properties
such as modal natural frequencies and mode shapes are then computed. The results are then compared with those of
Nastran SOL 103 for validation purposes.

Model Details Time NVH scheme

MD Nastran bdf Model (impulse loading)

SOL 700

Obtain Time-history Results

- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration (default)

FFT

Time domain results -> Frequency domain results

Find and compare peaks

Extract dynamic properties:

Natural frequencies and Mode shapes
(f06 and modes.out files)

Yes
Is acceptable? Final dynamic properties

No

Add PARAM, S700NVH1

, TIMNAT and TIMSML cards
Use primary time history or FFT results

Re-run MD Nastran SOL 700

Figure 14-1 Flow Chart of TIMNVH Scheme

 CHAPTER 14 233
Time NVH Analysis – Chassis Example

FEM Solution
There are two models. The first model is the initial run to determine the rough dynamic properties of the structure and
second model is a re-run of the first job to find the accurate and final results using the previous time history results.

Applied Load and Selected Location for Time History

To compute the dynamic responses of the chassis, a vertical impulse load is applied at the front corner as shown in
Figure 14-2. Using FORCE and TABLED entries as shown below, a maximum of 0.01 tons impulse point loading is
applied to node 902517.
FORCE 3 902517 0 .01 0. 0. -1.
TABLED1 1
-10. 0. 0. 0. .001 1. .002 0.
10. 0. ENDT
The acceleration time histories at 12 points on the chassis are computed (see Figure 14-2) to obtain the modal
responses.

L
Load (ton) K
0.010
J
I
F
H E
0.005 G D
C
B
A
Time (ms)
0.000
0 2 4 6 8 10

Figure 14-2 Applied Impulse Loading and Nodes Selected for Getting the Acceleration Responses

Primary Job
The end time in transient run is defined by using 100 time steps at 0.4e-4 sec. for each increment. The end time is the
product of these two entries. Notice here, the time increment is only for the first step. The actual number of time
increments and the exact value of the time steps are determined by MD Nastran solver during the analysis. The time
step is a function of the smallest element dimension during the simulation.
TSTEPNL 1 100 .01 1 ADAPT 2 10
TIMNVH defines the Time NVH analysis as explained below.

TIMNVH, 1, , , 1.0, 1000., 3, 0.0005, 2,+

+, 0, 3, 1, 0.015, 0, 3, 13, .0030,+
234 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 14

The range of natural frequencies to obtain is from 1.0 Hz to 1000 Hz and translational degrees of freedom for z-
direction is only considered (3). The sampling rate is 0.0005 seconds. The peaking criterion is two, which means that
a peak is selected if the amplitude of the number of increasing and decreasing points around a peak is equal or greater
than 2.
Acceleration is selected for the response (0) and translational eigenvectors are only requested as ASCII format (3).
Eigenvalues are normalized by 1.0 (1) and 0.015 is selected as CLOSE value which means if there are two modes which
distance is smaller than 0.015 Hz, it is assumed to be the same mode. ACII file format of natural frequencies and
eigenvalues are asked (0) and translational time histories of z-direction are requested (3). Frequency-amplitude data
of z-direction are requested (13) and a peak whose amplitude is less than 0.0030 times the maximum amplitude is
ignored (.0030)
+, 901581, 901641, 901697, 901865, 902061, 902097, , ,+
+, 902580, 902595, 902609, 902797, 902996, 903063
The grid points 901581, 901641, 901697, 901865, 902061, 902097, 902580, 902595, 902609, 902797, 902996 and
903063 are selected to obtain time history responses for Time NVH analysis.
TIMNVH,1, , , 1.0, 1000., 3,.0005, 2,+
+, 0, 3, 1, 0.015, 0, 3, 13, .0030,+
+, 901581, 901641, 901697, 901865, 902061, 902097, , ,+
+, 902580, 902595, 902609, 902797, 902996, 903063

Re-running Job
To find the accurate modal properties, a re-run is required using the previous time history data. Only three entries are
different from the initial job;
PARAM, S700NVH,
TIMNVH and
TIMNAT
The value of PARAM, S700NVH is assigned to 1 for using the previous time history binary data (binout0000). In
TIMNVH entry, the PEAK option (in the first line) is changed from 2 to –2, which will require defining the TIMNAT entry.

TIMNAT is used to specify the natural frequencies selected from amplitude-frequency plot from the initial run. The
natural frequencies close to 35, 43, 49, 101, and 108 Hz’s are obtained as the natural frequencies.
PARAM,S700NVH1,1
TIMNVH,1, , , 1.0, 1000., 3,.0005, -2,+
+, 0, 3, 1, 0.015, 0, 3, 13, .0030,+
+, 901581, 901641, 901697, 901865, 902061, 902097, , ,+
+, 902580, 902595, 902609, 902797, 902996, 903063
TIMNAT,1,35.,43.,49.,101.,108.
 CHAPTER 14 235
Time NVH Analysis – Chassis Example

Results
There are three result files from Time Domain NVH analysis.
• mode.out: Results for the natural frequencies and eigenvalues.
• ampl-freq- 00901865-3.txt: amplitude-frequency output of degree of freedom =3 at grid point 901865.
• time-hist- 00901865-3.txt: time history output of degree of freedom =3 at grid point 901865.
From the ampl-freq-*** files, the frequency-amplitude plots are shown in Figure 14-3. Using the plot, the modal
frequencies are specified in TIMNAT option to refine the dynamic property results.

1.00E-01
6
7
1 2
1.00E-02 3

901581

1.00E-03 901641
901697
Amplitude

901865
902061
1.00E-04 902097
902580

4 5 902595
902609
1.00E-05 902797
902996
903063

1.00E-06
0.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01 1.00E+02 1.20E+02 1.40E+02 1.60E+02

Frequency (Hz)

L
K
J
I
F
H E
G D
C
B
A
Figure 14-3 Frequency-Amplitude Plots At 12 Nodes
236 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 14

1 2 3

36.017 43.952 52.506

35.000 43.000 49.000
4 5 6

67.428 84.722 101.969

- - 101.001

Mode # 7

SOL 103 Frequency Hz 111.016

SOL 700 Frequency Hz 108.001

Figure 14-4 Comparison of Mode Shapes and Frequencies for SOL 103 and SOL 700

The small peaks for modes 4 and 5 are barely observable in Figure 14-3 and arise because of the selection of the type
of impulse loading. These lateral modes exhibit a low participation when the impulse loading is vertical. For a certain
set of impulse loads, certain modes may not be excited and the FFT only picks up the excited modes that significantly
participate in the transient response.

Mode SOL103 SOL 700 Diff(%) Comparison

1 36.0170 35.0002 2.82% Vertical motion dominant
2 43.9523 43.0002 2.17% Vertical motion dominant
3 52.5065 49.0003 6.68% Lateral motion dominant
4 67.4281 Small peak - Lateral motion dominant
5 84.7220 Small peak - Lateral motion dominant
6 101.9688 101.0005 0.95% Vertical motion dominant
7 111.0159 108.0005 2.72% Vertical motion dominant
 CHAPTER 14 237
Time NVH Analysis – Chassis Example

Results show that even though the vertical mode shapes of modes 2 and 3 are similar, their amplitude and lateral modes
are quite different. The results are compared in Figure 14-5.

Vertical mode shape of mode 2 Vertical mode shape of mode 3

Figure 14-5 Comparison of Vertical Mode Shapes Between Mode 2 and 3

Sample Output
The final response from the FFT steps for the 12 sampling points are contained in a file called modes.out which
contains the eigenvalues (frequencies) and eigenvectors (mode shapes) in the form:

MODES 1 5
st
EI GV 1 mode { 1 3. 500018E+01 } Frequency
901581- 3. 32998498E- 02- 2. 49243337E- 04 7. 08997618E- 01
901641- 4. 29914555E- 02 7. 70991520E- 05- 1. 08571907E- 01
901697- 4. 15069142E- 02 2. 55256359E- 04- 6. 31611930E- 01
901865 4. 37855265E- 02- 1. 51550001E- 04- 4. 18557096E- 01
902061 7. 97601410E- 02 4. 34427876E- 04 5. 67705213E- 01
Sample 902097 8. 68013598E- 02 8. 02417982E- 03 1. 00000000E+00
Grid IDS 902580- 3. 38588683E- 02 2. 97715028E- 04 7. 28400224E- 01
902595- 4. 37831381E- 02 2. 30181446E- 04- 9. 77437006E- 02
902609- 4. 24521220E- 02- 1. 61168521E- 04- 6. 35288211E- 01
902797 4. 11242103E- 02- 3. 00773060E- 04- 4. 29582120E- 01
902996 7. 69986448E- 02 7. 40153667E- 04 5. 51699503E- 01
903063 8. 41026922E- 02- 3. 47784987E- 03 9. 82653769E- 01
x-component y-component z-component

eigenvector

Modeling Tips
To get more accurate data, options of TIMNVH and TSTEPNL entry could be changed. For example, increasing the end
time (defined as 1 second in this analysis) can result in higher resolution (the frequency increment in the frequency-
amplitude plot). The resolution is determined as:
1 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ = ------------------------------------- = 1 Hz
 sample end time - sample start time   1 sec – 0 sec 
238 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 14

To increase the maximum frequency in the frequency-amplitude plots, the sampling rate which is defined as 0.015
seconds in this example decreases. The maximum frequency of this example is computed as:
1 1
------------------------------------------ = -------------------------------- = 133.33 Hz
1 1
---  sampling rate  ---  0.015 sec 
2 2

Input File(s)
File Description
nug_14a.dat Initial run to find rough dynamic properties
nug_14b.dat Re-run to compute accurate dynamic properties
nug_14c.dat SOL 103 model