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1.MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH
IMPORTANT FORMULAE
1. Pitch of the screw = Distance travelled by the tip of the screw No. of complete rotations made Pitch of the screw No. of Head scale divisions 3. Diameter of a wire or thickness of a glass plate using screw gauge = d = Pitch Scale Reading + (Head Scale Reading x Least Count) 2. Least count of the Screw gauge =

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1 MARK 1. Ans: 2. Ans: What is the principle of Screw gauge? ( March 00, June - 02) Screw gauge works on the principle of Screw in a nut. Define the pitch of a screw? Pitch of a screw is defined as the distance between two successive threads of a screw. (or) The distance travelled by the tip of the screw for one complete rotation of its head is called the pitch of a screw. What is the least count of Screw gauge? (March 01) The least measurement that can be measured by using Screw gauge is called its least count. Least count of a Screw gauge = Pitch of the Screw No. of Head Scale Divisions What is the formula to find the diameter of a wire or thickness of a glass plate using Screw Gauge? Diameter of a wire d = Pitch Scale reading + ( Head Scale Reading x Least Count)

3. Ans:

4. Ans:

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2 MARKS
1. What are the Positive and Negative Zero errors of a Screw gauge? How are they established? (Oct 99) Ans: Positive Zero Error

When the two studs S1 and S2 are in contact with each other, if the Zeroth division of Head Scale is below the index line, then the error is said to be Positive Zero error and the correction is negative. Negative Zero Error

When the two studs S1 and S2 are in contact with each other, if the Zeroth division of Head Scale is above the index line, then the error is said to be Negative Zero error and the correction is Positive.

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4 MARKS
1. Ans: Describe the construction of a Screw gauge?

Screw gauge consists of a U shaped metallic frame(F). To one end of the frame, a Stud S1 is fixed. 2. On the opposite end of F, a hollow cylinder C is fixed. This cylinder has fine threads inside it and acts as a nut. 3. On the outer surface of the cylinder, a line-parallel to its axis, called index line I is drawn and is divided into some equal divisions, called Pitch Scale P. 4. A screw S with a flat tip S2 having threads exactly identical to the threads cut inside the cylinder, moves through the cylinder C. 5. To the other end of the screw, a milled head M is connected. To this milled head, one end a barrel B is connected and this barrel forms a jacket to the hollow cylinder C. 6. The other end of the barrel is tapered and has 100 or 50 equal divisions on it. This is called Head Scale H. 2. How do you determine the diameter of a wire using Screw gauge? (June-06, March-09,03) Ans: 1. To determine the diameter of a wire by using screwgauge, first we should find the least count of the Screw gauge by this formula:
Leastcount = Pitchofthescrew No.ofHeadScaleDivisions

1.

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3. 4.

The Zero error of the Screw gauge if any is noted. The wire is placed between the shafts S1 and S2 and the head Scale is rotated anti-clock wise so that the shafts hold the wire tightly. 5. The value of the pitch scale division which just precedes edge of the head scale is noted as pitch scale reading (P.S.R) 6. The value of the head scale division which just coincides with the index line is the observed Head Scale Reading. (H.S.R) 7. The Diameter of the wire = P.S.R. + (H.S.R. x L.C) 8. The wire is placed at different positions in between the studs and the observations are recorded. S.No P.S.R Observed Corrected C. H.S.R x L.C D= P.S.R + (H.S.R x H.S.R H.S.R L.C)

DIAGRAMS
1. Screw gauge? Draw a neat labeled diagram of ( Apr-08, Mar-07,05,01, June-10,08,09,04)

Parts f U shaped metallic frame S1 &S2 Studs P Pitch scale I Index line
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H C B M S 2.

Head scale Hollow cylinder Barrel milled head Screw

Draw the diagram showing the Positive zero error and Negative Zero error of a Screw gauge? ( Mar11, 10, Jun-07) POSITIVE ZERO ERROR:

NEGATIVE ZERO ERROR

PROBLEMS
1. Find the least count of a screw gauge whose Head Scale is divided into 200 divisions, if it moves 5mm, distance when head is rotated through 5 revolutions. Distance travelled by the tip of the screw = 5 mm. No. of complete rotations =5 No. of Head Scale divisions = 200

Sol: Given :

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pitcthofthescrew =

dis tan cetravelledbythetipofthescrew no.ofcompleterotations

= 5mm/5 = 1 mm.
LeastCount = = 1mm 200 pitchofthescrew No.ofHeadScaleDivisions

= 0.005 mm (or) 0.0005 cm. 2. The head of a screw is divided into 50 divisions. It advances 1mmwhen screw is turned through 2 rotations. Find the Pitch of the screw and Least count of the screw gauge? (Ans: 0.5mm; 0.01mm) 3. When a screw gauge of Least Count 0.01mm is used to measure the diameter of a nail, the P.S.R. is found to be 1.5mm, and H.S.R is 18. Find the diameter of the nail? Sol: Given : Least Count = 0.01mm P.S.R = 1.5mm H.S.R = 18 To found: Diameter of the nail Formula : Diameter of the nail d = P.S.R. + ( H.S.R x L.C) Calculation: d = 1.5 + ( 18 x 0.01) = 1.5 + 0.18 = 1.68 mm. 4. While measuring the diameter of a lead shot using a screw gauge, the reading on the pitch scale is 7.5mm and that on the head scale is 48. If the least count is 0.01mm and zero error is +0.05mm, find the diameter of the lead shot? Sol: Given : P.S.R = 7.5mm H.S.R = 48 L.C. = 0.01mm Zero error = +0.05 mm To found: Diameter of a Lead Shot Formula : Diameter of a lead shot d = P.S.R + (H.S.R x L.C) error Calculation: d = 7.5 + (48 x 0.01) 0.05 = 7.5 + 0.48 0.05
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= 7.98 0.05 = 7.93 mm.

5.

Pitch scale of a screw gauge has 10 divisions to a centimeter and its Head Scale has 100 divisions, such that the screw advances by 1mm on one complete rotation. Calculate the i) Pitch of the screw, ii) Least Count. If this instrument is has a positive zero error of 4 divisions and the readings on Pitch Scale is 4 and that on the Head Scale is 74, find the diameter of the wire. ( 0.1cm, 0.001cm, 0.470 cm) 6. A micro meter screw gauge has a negative error of 7 divisions. While measuring the diameter of a wire, the reading on Pitch Scale is 2 divisions and 79th division of Head Scale is coincide with Index line. If the number of divisions on Pitch scale is 10 to a centimeter, and Head scale has 100 divisions, calculate the i) Pitch, ii) Least Count, iii) diameter of the wire. ( 0.1cm, 0.001cm, 0.286 cm)

BITS
Screw gauge is also called as ------------------------------------------ is a mechanical device used to measure the diameter of a wire or thickness of a glass plate. 3. Screw gauge works on the principle of ---------------4. The ratio between a Pitch scale division and the number of Head scale divisions is called as -----------------------------5. In a screw gauge each centimeter of the pitch scale is divided into 20 divisions. If there are 50 divisions on the head scale, then the least count is ----------------------------------- (0.001cm) 6. If the index line of a screw gauge is below the zeroth division of Head scale, then the error is said to be -------------- and correction is----------7. Screw gauge consists of ----------------Scale and ------------ Scale. 8. Formula to find the Pitch of Screw = -----------------9. Formula to find the diameter of a wire using screw gauge = ---------10. When two studs of a screw gauge are in contact to each other, If the index line coincides with the zeroth division of Head scale, the screw gauge is said to have ------------ zero error. 1. 2.

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MATCHING
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. GROUP : A Principle of Screw gauge Least Count of an ordinary Scale Instrument used to measure thickness of a glass plate Distance travelled by the tip of the screw for one rotation Least Count of Screw gauge ( ) ) ) ) GROUP : B ) A) 1 mm B) 0.01mm C) D) E) F) G) V.S.D M.S.D Pitch of Screw Screw Screw gauge.

( ( ( (

ANSWERS
1) Micro gauge 2) Screw gauge 3) Screw in a nut 4) Least count 5) 0.001cm 6) Negative, Positive 7) Pitch, Head 8) Distance travelled by the tip of the screw / No. of complete rotations 9) P.S.R + (H.S.R x L.C) 10) No

MATCHING 1) F

2) A

3) G

4) E

5) B

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