7532 CP Algebra 1 Second Semester Practice Final Solutions (Problems 1-23)

Sample Problem 1: Graph a linear inequality in two variables Graph the solution set of the inequality: 4x y > 2 Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: 4x y > 2 -4x -4x - y > -4x + 2 -1 -1 -1 y < 4x 2 1 m= Step 1: Put the equation in y > mx + b form by subtracting 4x from both sides and dividing by -1, the coefficient of y. Step 2: When dividing both sides by a negative, the inequality flips.

4 b = -2 1

Step 3: Reduce the fractions and identify the slope ( and the y-intercept (-2).

4 ) 1

Step 4: Plot the y-intercept, move 4 (numerator of slope) in the y-direction and 1 (denominator of slope) in the xdirection and plot another point. Connect the points with a dashed line if the inequality is less than or greater than but not equal to. Shade according to the inequality on y (if y >, then shade above the line, if y <, then shade below the line.

Sample Problem 2: Solve a system using the Substitution Method Solve the system: 3x 2y = 11 y = 3x - 1 3x 2(3x 1) 3x 6x + 2 -3x + 2 -2 -3x -3 x = 11 = 11 = 11 -2 =9 -3 = -3 Step 1: Identify one equation solved for a single variable (y = 3x 1). Replace that variable (y) in the other equation with the expression that it is equal to (3x 1) Step 2: Solve for the remaining variable in the equation. Step 3: Substitute the value found for that variable (x = -3) into the other equation and solve for the remaining variable (y = -10) Step 4: The solution is written (x, y) or (-3, -10)

Step 1: Step 2:

Step 3 Step 4

y = 3(-3) 1, y = -9 1, y = -10 Solution: (-3, -10)

Sample Problem 3: Solve a system using the Elimination method Solve the system: 2x + 3y = 8 -5x + 2y = -1 5(2x + 3y 2(-5x + 2y 10x + 15y -10x + 4y 19y 19 y 2x + 3(2) 2x + 6 -6 2x 2 Solution: = 8) = -1) = 40 = -2 = 38 19 =2 =8 =8 -6 =2 2 (1, 2) Step 1: Multiply one or both equations by some value to result in the same coefficient with opposite signs in front of the same variable. Multiplying the first equation by 5 and the second equation by 2 results in the coefficients 10 and -10 in front of x. Step 2: Add the resulting equations eliminating the variable with same and opposite coefficients and solve for the remaining variable. Step 3: Substitute the value found for that variable (y = 2) into the other equation and solve for the remaining variable (x = 1) = 1 Step 4: The solution is written (x, y) or (1, 2)

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

Sample Problem 4: Simplify exponent expressions (division) Simplify :

12 x 3 y 2 8 xy 7
=

Step 1: Reduce the coefficients by canceling common factors. Step 2: Combine like terms by subtracting the exponents on each term, subtracting the smaller exponent from the larger exponent.

Step 1:

3x 3 y 2 2 xy 7 2x 2 3y 5

Step 2:

Sample Problem 5: Simplify exponent expressions (multiplication) Simplify : Step 1:

(3x 5 y )(7 x 4 y 2 )
=

Step 1: Combine like terms by multiplying the coefficients and adding the exponents.

21x 9 y 3

Sample Problem 6: Simplify exponent expressions (powers) Simplify : Step 1:

(2 x 5 y 3 ) 4
=

16 x 20 y 12

Step 1: Simplify by raising the coefficient to the power of the expression (24) and multiplying the exponents on the variables by the power of the expression.

Sample Problem 7: Simplify exponent expressions involving negative exponents Simplify :

10 x 2 y 1 15 x 5 y 3
=

Step 1: Reduce the coefficients by canceling common factors. Step 2: Simplify variables with negative exponents by moving them from the numerator to the denominator or from the denominator to the numerator and making the exponent positive. Step 3: Combine like terms by adding the exponents.

Step 1:

2 x 2 y 1 3 x 5 y 3 2x 2 x 5 3 y 3 y1 2x 7 3y 4

Step 2:

Step 3:

Sample Problem 8: Add or subtract polynomials Simplify: Step 1: Step 2:

(12 x 2 + 4 x 7) ( 2 x 2 3x + 5)
= 12 x 2 + 4 x 7 2 x 2 + 3 x 5 = 10 x 2 + 7 x 12

Step 1: When subtracting, change the sign of each term of the polynomial that is being subtracted. -54 -54 Step 2: Combine like terms

Sample Problem 9: Multiply a monomial by a polynomial Multiply: Step 1:

3 x 2 ( 2 x 3 + 5 x 2 7 x + 1)
= 6 x 5 + 15 x 4 21x 3 + 3 x 2

Step 1: When multiplying, distribute the monomial ( 3 x 2 ) by multiplying the coefficient of each term and -54 -54 adding the exponents on the variable for each term

Sample Problem 10: Multiply binomials Multiply: Step 1: Step 2: (3x 2)( x + 6) = 3 x 2 + 18 x 2 x 12 Step 2: Combine like terms = 3 x + 16 x 12
2

Step 1: Multiply each term of the first binomial by each term of the second.

Sample Problem 11: Factor by taking out the greatest common factor Factor completely: Step 1: 15x2 5x Step 1: Divide both terms by the greatest common factor of each term (5x). Write the expression by showing the greatest common factor multiplied by the two remaining terms.
2

5x(3x 1)

Sample Problem 12: Factor trinomials in the form x + bx + c Factor Completely: x 12x + 20
2

Step 1: Step 2:

(x -

)(x -

Step 1: Separate into two binomials with first term x. If the last term is positive (+20) then the signs in the binomials are the same and they have the sign of the middle term (-12x). Step 2: Complete the binomials with two values that multiply together to get the last term (+20) and add to the coefficient of the middle term (-12). The two number are -10 and -2.

(x 10)(x 2)

Sample Problem 13: Factor trinomials in the form x + bx + c Factor Completely: x - x - 42

2

Step 1: Separate into two binomials with first term x. If the last term is negative (-42) then the signs in the binomials are different. Step 2: Complete the binomials with two values that multiply together to get the last term (-42) and add to the coefficient of the middle term (-1). The two number are -7 and +6.

Step 1: Step 2:

(x +

)(x -

(x + 6)(x 7)

Sample Problem 14: Factor difference of squares Factor completely: Step 1: Step 2: (2x + 4x 81 )(2x )
2

Step 1: When both terms are perfect square and are being subtracted, separate into two binomials where the first term is the perfect square factor of the leading term (2x). The signs are different. Step 2: Complete the binomials with the perfect square factor (9) of the last term.

(2x + 9)(2x 9)

Sample Problem 15: Factor trinomials in the form ax + bx + c Factor completely: 2x - 7x - 15

2

Step 1: Multiply the coefficient of the first term with the last term. (-30) Step 2: Find two factors of the resulting number that add to the coefficient of the middle term (-10 + 3 = -7) Step 3: Replace the middle term using the two factors previously found as coefficients. Step 4: Group the resulting first two and last two terms. Step 5: Factor out the greatest common factor from each pair of grouped terms. Step 6: Create two binomials by pairing up the factored out greatest common factors (2x and 3) into one binomial and using the common result (x 5) as the other binomial.

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6:

2(-15) = -30 -10 and 3 2x 10x + 3x 15 (2x 10x) + (3x 15) 2x(x 5) + 3(x - 5) (2x + 3)(x 5)
2 2

Sample Problem 16: Solve by Factoring Solve for x: x2 - 3x = 54 Step 1: x2 - 3x -54 x2 - 3x 54 Step 2: Step 3: (x 9)(x + 6) x9=0 +9 +9 x =9 Solution {-6, 9} Step 1: Move the constant term to the right side of the equation by adding 5 to both sides. Step 2: Add a value (36) to both sides to create a perfect square trinomial on the left side. This number is found by taking the coefficient of the 2nd term (12), dividing by 2, and squaring the result. Step 3: Factor the left side. Step 4: Take the square root of both sides Step 5: The square root cancels the square on the left resulting in a positive or negative possibility for the variable. The positive or negative is transferred to the right side. Step 6: Get x by itself by adding 6 to both sides. The solution can be kept in square root form or computed into decimal form. = 54 -54 =0 =0 or x + 6 = 0 -6 -6 or x = -6 Step 1: Set the equation equal to zero by subtracting 54 from both sides. Step 2: Factor the resulting trinomial on the left. Step 3: Solve for x by setting each factor equal to zero and solving. Step 4: List the solutions in a set.

Step 4:

Sample Problem 17: Solve by Completing the Square Solve for x: x2 + 12x 5 = 0 Step 1: x2 + 12x 5 +5 x2 + 12x x2 + 12x + 36 (x + 6)2 =0 +5 =5 = 5 + 36 = 41 = =

Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6:

( x + 6) 2
x+6 -6 x or {0.40, 12.40}

41

41 -6 = 6 41

Sample Problem 18: Solve by the using the Quadratic Formula Solve for x: 2x2 + 6x = 3 Step 1: =3 -3 -3 2x2 + 6x 3 =0 a = 2, b = 6, c = -3 x = 2x2 + 6x Step 1: Set the equation equal to zero by subtracting 3 from both sides. Step 2: Identify the coefficients of the three terms (a = coefficient of x2, b = coefficient of x, c = constant) Step 3: Substitute these values into the quadratic formula. Step 4: Simplify by squaring and multiplying. Step 5: Simplify by combining values under the square root. Step 6: The solution can be kept in square root form or computed into decimal form.

Step 2: Step 3:

b b 4ac 2a

2 = (6) (6) 4(2)(3)

2( 2)

Step 4:

= 6 36 + 24
4

Step 5:

= 6 60 = {0.44, -3.44}
4

Sample Problem 19: Graph a quadratic function using the x-intercepts Graph the function y = x2 4x + 3 Step 1: Step 2: 0 0 0=x3 3=x Step 3: or or = x 4x + 3 = (x 3)(x 1) 0=x1 1=x
2

Step 1: Set y = 0 to find the x-intercepts Step 2: Solve the resulting equation by factoring, completing the square, or by the quadratic formula. Step 3: The solutions represent the x-intercepts of the graph. Plot the x-intercepts on the x-axis. Graph a sketch of the parabola through the x-intercepts. If the coefficient of x2 is positive, then the parabola opens up. If the coefficient of x2 is negative, then the parabola opens down.

Sample Problem 20: Find the number of x-intercepts of a quadratic function using the discriminant Determine if the graph of the function y = 3x2 + 2x + 6 would have 2, 1 or 0 x-intercepts. Step 1: Step 2: a = 3, b = 2, c = 6 b2 4ac = (2)2 4(3)(6) = 4 72 = -68 Step 3: There are zero x-intercepts

Step 1: Identify the coefficients of the three terms (a = coefficient of x2, b = coefficient of x, c = constant) Step 2: Substitute these values into the discriminant (b2 4ac) and compute the value of the discriminant. Step 3: Determine the number of x-intercepts from the value of the discriminant according to the following rule: b2 4ac > 0 b2 4ac = 0 b2 4ac < 0 two x-intercepts one x-intercept zero x-intercepts

Therefore a discriminant value of -68 results in zero xintercepts.

Sample Problem 21: Reduce a rational expression Simplify:

x 2 25 x + 7 x + 10
2

Step 1: Factor the numerator and the denominator Step 2: Cancel common factors in the numerator and denominator.

Step 1:

= ( x + 5)( x 5) ( x + 5)( x + 2) = x5 x+2

Step 2:

Sample Problem 22: Multiply rational expressions Simplify:

x 2 + 2 x 15 6 x 24 x 2 7 x + 12 x 2 25

Step 1: Factor each expression in each fraction by using methods of trinomial factoring, difference of squares, or taking out the greatest common factor. Step 2: Cancel common factors in the numerator and denominator. Common factors may also be canceled across fractions. Step 3: Express the remaining factors as a single fraction. (Note: Dividing rational expressions would involve the same procedure since division can be changed to multiplication by taking the reciprocal of the second fraction (the divisor).)

Step 1:

( x 3)( x + 5) 6( x 4) ( x 4)( x 3) ( x + 5)( x 5)

( x 3)( x + 5) 6( x 4) ( x 4)( x 3) ( x + 5)( x 5)

Step 2:

Step 3:

6 x5

Sample Problem 23: Add or subtract rational expressions Subtract and simplify:

x +1 3 x + 7 x + 12 x + 4
2

Step 1:

x +1 3 ( x + 3)( x + 4) x + 4 x +1 3 ( x + 3) ( x + 3)( x + 4) ( x + 4) ( x + 3) x + 1 3( x + 3) ( x + 3)( x + 4) x + 1 3x 9 ( x + 3)( x + 4) 2x 8 ( x + 3)( x + 4)

Step 1: Factor the denominator to see which factors are in the denominator of the two fractions Step 2: Make the denominators the same by multiplying the numerator and denominator of a fraction by any factors that are in the denominator of the other fraction. The second fraction is missing the factor (x + 3) so it needs to be multiplied by that factor. Step 3: Simplify into a single fraction by subtracting the numerators and keeping the denominator the same. Subtracting the numerator includes distributing the 3 and subtracting both terms of the second fraction. Then combine like terms. Step 4: Factor the numerator to see if there are any matching factors that can be canceled. Step 5: Cancel the matching factor (x + 4).

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

2 ( x + 4) ( x + 3)( x + 4) 2 x+3

Step 5: