PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (PAR) PROCESS Community-directed process of gathering and analyzing information or issues for the process

rocess of taking actions and making changes Involves research, education and action to empower the people FOCUS generate knowledge to generate actions DRIVING FORCE Positive Social Change ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF PAR Participation MAIN ACTORS in THE RESEARCH PROCESS People (Beneficiaries)

COPAR PHASES 1. PRE-ENTRY PHASE Gathering important data in the community before entering it Community consultations/dialogues Setting of issues/considerations related to site selection Development of criteria for site selection Preliminary social investigation Site selection SOURCES OF INITIAL DATA: Written community profile Vital statistics consolidated and updated at the RHC Descriptions of the barangay from RHU workers, barangay health workers, and volunteers 2. ENTRY PHASE Integration with the community Sensitization of the community/information campaigns Conduct IEC Methodology for Info campaign Purok meetings and assembly Small group discussion Groundwork General meetings / assemblies c. Deepening social investigation (DSI) / community study

Pointers: Survey questionnaire Train key informants Secondary data Validation of data Gather data-informal

3. Identification of potential leaders Core group formation (CG) development of criteria for selection of CG members; Defining the roles/functions/tasks of the CG Education and Training Core group formation (CG) development of criteria for selection of CG members; Defining the roles/functions/tasks of the CG Education and Training Leadership Training Salt (Self-awareness Leadership Training) Technical skills Organizational skills Supervisory skills Provision of Health Services Purposes : Respond to acute problems Draw out peoples interest Enhances teams integration Focus on health problems

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE Prepare community for CHO Organize CHO Train and educate CHO Setting up CHO

2 Important Preparation :

Legal requirements Technical requirements LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Constitution & By-laws Registration papers Guidelines for election Board members

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Working Committee Health Committee Education & Training Membership Committee

4. SUSTENANCE and STRENGTHENING PHASE Mobilization in health Education and training Networking Livelihood program Developing secondary leaders Phase out

BASIC CO vs. COPAR Phases BASIC CO Specific - Preparation - Organizational - Education and training - Intersectoral linkages - Phase out Role of Organizing Staff BASIC CO Practitioner Leader / Manager Turn over : activities BASIC CO Absolute Periodic COPAR Sustainable relationship COPAR Practitioner Researcher COPAR Comprehensive - Pre entry - Entry - Organizational building - Sustenance and strengthening

IDEAL COPAR vs. PRACTICED COPAR Time Frame Ideal COPAR 3 6 weeks immersion 8 12 hrs / day Practiced COPAR 2 weeks 8 hrs / day or depending on the time allotted by the school

Community Study / Social investigation Ideal COPAR Based on the needs of the community SI - systematic Practiced COPAR Tailor made survey form Record review process

Education and Training

Ideal COPAR Based on community study and TNA Organizational Building Ideal COPAR Set up the CHO

Practiced COPAR Based on concepts mandated by the curriculum

Practiced COPAR Consider the existing non formal organization

Program Implementation Ideal COPAR fishing rod effect Long term Program Evaluation Ideal COPAR sustainability accept reality not all goals are met Practiced COPAR absolute phase out some results are manipulated Practiced COPAR fish effect one time