MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION I YEAR

COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR BUSINESS LAB RECORD

BY P.SREENIVAS, M.TECH.

ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013

EXEPERIMENTS INDEX SNO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 EXPERIMEN T NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 DESCRIPTION Emp/dept creation top 3 earner of company. joined the company before 15th of the month working under each manager Delete the employee count of employees primary key view alter Group by Nested query areas update em set loop Loop 2 Payroll worksheet Students marks sheet Inventory worksheet Library worksheet Faculty worksheet

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Structured Query Language

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a computer language aimed to store, manipulate, and query data stored in relational databases. The first commercial relational database was released by Relational Software In a simple manner, SQL is a non-procedural, English-like language that processes data in groups of records rather than one record at a time. Few functions of SQL are:

store data modify data retrieve data modify data delete data create tables and other database objects delete data

SQL (Structure Query Language) is the standard language used for querying Relational Databases. It allows you to view and change data held within an RDB as well as allowing you to actually modify the Structure of the database. SQL Uses are listed below. Query the Database - SQL allows you to easily query data held on the database. Queries can be very simple and only take up a couple of lines or they can be quite complex and take up several pages of text. SQL Commands: DDL Commands: Commands which allow you to modify the structure of the database are known as Data Definition Language commands or DDL DML Commands: Commands that allow you to modify the data held within the database are referred to as Data Manipulation Language commands or DML DCL Commands: Commands that are used to control a database, including administrating privileges and committing of data. Queries: They are for retrieving data from the database, and they are neither DML nor DDL. PAGE - 3

To start SQL LAB PROCEDURE : Username: scott Password: tiger Commands may be on a single line, or many lines Different clauses should be placed on separate lines for the sake of readability and also make use of tabs and indents SQL Command words cannot be split or abbreviated SQL commands are not case sensitive All commands entered at the SQL prompt are saved into a command buffer Execution of SQL Command can be done in no.of ways. o Place a (;) Semicolon at the end of last clause. o Place a forward slash (/) at the SQL Prompt

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SQL EXPERIMENTS
EXP -1 : 1. Dept (deptno, dname, loc) 2. Emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm., deptno) 1. Creating DEPT table: SQL> CREATE TABLE dept( deptno NUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY, dname VARCHAR2(14), loc VARCHAR2(13)); Table created

Enter values in the Table: SQL> INSERT INTO dept VALUES(10,Accounting,new york);

SQL> SELECT * FROM dept;

2. Creating EMP table: SQL> CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, ename VARCHAR2(10), job VARCHAR2(9), mgr NUMBER(4), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), comm. NUMBER(7,2)); Table created Enter values in the Table: SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7369,Smith,clerk,7902,17-dec-80,800, ,20);

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1 row created

SQL> SELECT * FROM emp;

EMPNO ENAME ---------- --------7369 SMITH 7499 ALLEN 7521 WARD 7566 JONES 7654 MARTIN JOB MGR ----------------CLERK 7902 SALESMAN 7698 SALESMAN 7698 MANAGER 7839 SALESMAN 7698 HIREDATE SAL COMM -------- ---------------------17-DEC-80 800 20-FEB-81 1600 300 22-FEB-81 1250 500 02-APR-81 2975 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 DEPTNO --------- --------20 30 30 20 30

1. Creating EMP table: EXP 2: SQL> CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, ename VARCHAR2(10), job VARCHAR2(9), mgr NUMBER(4), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), comm. NUMBER(7,2));

Table created Enter values in the Table: SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (&empno,&ename,&job,&mgr,&hiredate,&sal, &comm.); 1 row created
Continue by using / key :

1. Find out the details of top 3 earner of company. SQL> select * from emp where sal in(select max(sal) from emp ;

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EXP 3 : Creating EMP table: SQL> CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, ename VARCHAR2(10), job VARCHAR2(9), mgr NUMBER(4), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), comm. NUMBER(7,2)); Enter values in the Table: SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (&empno,&ename,&job,&mgr,&hiredate,&sal, &comm.); 1 row created
Continue by using / key :

2. Display those employees who joined the company before 15th of the month? SQL> select hiredate from emp where hiredate in( select hiredate from emp where TO_CHAR(hiredate,'dd')<15);
HIREDATE --------02-APR-81 01-MAY-81 09-JUN-81 08-SEP-81 03-DEC-81 03-DEC-81

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EXP 4: SQL> CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, ename VARCHAR2(10), job VARCHAR2(9), mgr NUMBER(4), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), comm. NUMBER(7,2));

SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (&empno,&ename,&job,&mgr,&hiredate,&sal, &comm.); 1 row created

Continue by using / key :

Display the number of employees working under each manager? SQL> select count(empno) from emp group by mgr;
COUNT(EMPNO) -----------2 5 1 1 3 1 1

3. Update the employee salary by 15%, whose experience is greater than 20 years. SQL> update emp set sal=sal+((15/100)*sal) where experience>20;

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EXP 5: SQL> CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, ename VARCHAR2(10), job VARCHAR2(9), mgr NUMBER(4), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), comm. NUMBER(7,2));

SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (&empno,&ename,&job,&mgr,&hiredate,&sal, &comm.); 1 row created

Continue by using / key :

Delete the employee, who completed 30 years of service. SQL> delete from emp where experience=30;

EXP - 6 Determine the count of employees, who are taking commission. SQL> CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, ename VARCHAR2(10), job VARCHAR2(9), mgr NUMBER(4), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), comm. NUMBER(7,2));

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SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (&empno,&ename,&job,&mgr,&hiredate,&sal, &comm.); 1 row created

Continue by using / key :

SQL> select count(empno) from emp where comm>1; COUNT(EMPNO) -----------3 EXP 7 1. create table cust2(cno varchar2(5) primary key, cname varchar2(10), dob date, occu varchar2(5), bal number(6));

2. SQL> desc cust1; SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (&empno,&ename,&job,&mgr,&hiredate,&sal, &comm.); 1 row created
Continue by using / key :

4. select * from cust1;

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EXP 8 SQL> create table emp10(eno number(5), 2 bno number(5), 3 name varchar2(5),dept varchar2(5), 4 des varchar2(5), 5 mno varchar2(5));

SQL> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (&empno,&ename,&job,&mgr,&hiredate,&sal, &comm.); 1 row created

Continue by using / key :

SQL> create view vemp as select name,des from emp10; SQL> select * from vemp; EXP 9 Sql>alter table cust1 drop column occu; SQL>alter table cust1 add adr varchar2(5); SQL> alter table cust1 modify adr varchar2(5);

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EXP 10 GROUP BY EXAMPLE 1. create table master(bno varchar2(5),eno varchar2(5)); insert into master values('&bno','&eno'); select bno "branch no" , count(eno) " no of emp" from master group by bno; 2. create table gropp(cno varchar2(5), acno varchar2(5)); insert into gropp values('&cno','&acno'); SQL> select * from gropp; CNO ACNO ----- ----c1 sb c1 ca c2 sb c3 sb s2 sb SQL> select cno,count(acno) from gropp where acno like 'sb%' or acno like 'ca%' group by cno having count(acno)>1; CNO COUNT(ACNO) ----- ----------c1 2

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EXP 11 create table cmast (cno varchar2(5),name varchar2(10)); create table adres (cdno varchar2(5),city varchar2(10),state varchar2(10)); SQL> desc cmast; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------CNO VARCHAR2(5) NAME VARCHAR2(10) SQL> desc adres; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------CDNO VARCHAR2(5) CITY VARCHAR2(10) STATE VARCHAR2(10) SQL> select * from cmast; CNO NAME ----- ---------a1 raj c2 mohan SQL> select * from adres; CDNO CITY STATE ----- ---------- ---------a1 hyd ap c2 vizag ap SQL> select cdno, city 2 from adres 3 where cdno in(select cno from cmast 4 where 5 name='raj'); CDNO CITY ----- ---------a1 hyd

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PL/SQL EXPERIMENTS

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PL/SQL is Oracles procedural language extension to SQL. PL/SQL allows you to mix SQL statements with procedural statements like IF statement, Looping structures etc. PL/SQL is the superset of SQL. It uses SQL for data retrieval and manipulation and uses its own statements for data processing. PL/SQL program units are generally categorized as follows: Anonymous blocks Stored procedures Anonymous block This is a PL/SQL block that appears within your application. In many applications PL/SQL blocks can appear where SQL statements can appear. Such blocks are called as Anonymous blocks. Stored Procedure This is a PL/SQL block that is stored in the database with a name. Application programs can execute these procedures using the name. Oracle also allows you to create functions, which are same as procedures but return a value, and packages, which are a collection of procedures and functions. PL/SQL Engine Every PL/SQL block is first executed by PL/SQL engine. This is the engine that compiles and executes PL/SQL blocks. PL/SQL engine is available in Oracle Server and certain Oracle tools such as Oracle Forms and Oracle Reports. PL/SQL engine executes all procedural statements of a PL/SQL of the block, but sends SQL command to SQL statements executor in the Oracle RDBMS. That means PL/SQL separates SQL commands from PL/SQL commands and executes PL/SQL commands using Procedural statement executor, which is a part of PL/SQL engine. Block structure PL/SQL is a block-structured language. Each program written in PL/SQL is written as a block. Blocks can also be nested. Each block is meant for a particular task.

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Variables and constants PL/SQL allows you to declare variables and constants. Variables are used to store values temporarily. Variables and constants can be used in SQL and PL/SQL procedural statements just like an expression. Control structures PL/SQL allows control structures like IF statement, FOR loop, WHILE loop to be used in the block. Control structures are most important extension to SQL in PL/SQL. Control structures allow any data process possible in PL/SQL. Exception handling PL/SQL allows errors, called as exceptions, to be detected and handled. Whenever there is a predefined error PL/SQL raises an exception automatically. These exceptions can be handled to recover from errors. Modularity PL/SQL allows process to be divided into different modules. Subprograms called as procedures and functions can be defined and invoked using the name. These subprograms can also take parameters. Cursors A cursor is a private SQL area used to execute SQL statements and store processing information. PL/SQL implicitly uses cursors for all DML commands and SELECT command that returns only one row. And it also allows you to define explicit cursor to deal with multiple row queries. Built-in functions Most of the SQL functions that we have seen so far in SQL are available in PL/SQL. These functions can be used to manipulate variables of PL/SQL.

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BLOCK STRUCTURE OF PL/SQL :

[DECLARE declaration of variable declaration of cursor declaration of exception ] BEGIN executable commands [EXCEPTION exception handlers] END;

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EXP 12 1. create table areas(radius number(5), area number(14,2));

declare pi constant number(4,2) :=3.14; radius number(5); area number(14,2); begin radius := 3; while radius <= 7 loop area := pi * power(radius,2); insert into areas values (radius,area); radius := radius + 1; end loop; end; EXP 13 2. begin update em set bno = &bno where eno = &eno; if sql%found then dbms_output.put_line('EMPLOYEE EXIST'); end if; if sql%notfound then dbms_output.put_line('EMPLOYEE no. does not exist'); end if; end;

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EXP 14 3. declare i number := 0; begin loop i := i + 2; exit when i>10; end loop; dbms_output.put_line('loop exited when i reached' || to_char(i)); end;

EXP 15 4. declare i number := 0; begin loop i := i + 2; exit when i > 10; end loop; dbms_output.put_line('LOOP EXIT WHEN I reached ' || to_char(i)); end;

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MS-EXCEL EXPERIMENTS
EXP 16 : CREATE PAYROLL WORKSHEET : EMP NO, EMP NAME, BP,HRA,DA,LIC,PF, GROSS,DEDUCTION,NET

EXP 17 : CREATE STUDENTS WORKSHEET : ROLL.NO., NAME, SUB1, SUB2, SUB3, SUB4, SUB5, TOTAL, AVERAGE

EXP 18 : CREATE INVENTORY WORKSHEET : INO, INAME, COST, QUANTITY, TOTAL VALUE EXP 19 : CREATE LIBRARY WORKSHEET : BNO, BANEM, AUTHOR, COST EXP -20 : CREATE FACULTY WORKSHEET : FNO, FNAME , SALARY, QUALIFICATION

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QUESTION PAPER COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR BUSINESS

1. 2. Emp/dept creation & Payroll worksheet.

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