3 3 3 3 Topic Topic Topic Topic: Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms

Inverse Laplace Transform:
If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then f(t) is called the inverse Laplace transform or inverse

transform or simply inverse of ) s ( f , and is denoted by ( ) { } s f L
1
.
Thus ( ) ( ) { } s f L t f
1
= . (i)
1
L
is known as the inverse Laplace transform operator and is such that

1 L L LL
1 1
= =

.
In the inverse problem (i), ) s ( f is given (known) and f(t) is to be determine.
Remarks: Inverse Laplace transform of ) s ( f need not exists for all ) s ( f .
Some methods for finding inverse Laplace transform are:
Use of partial fractions (Method of Partial Fractions)
Use of some important properties
Convolution
Use of Laplace transform tables

Here we will discuss Method of Partial Fractions only.

3 33 3
rd rd rd rd
Topic Topic Topic Topic
Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms
Inverse Laplace Transforms
(Method of Partial Fractions)

Prepared by:
Dr. Sunil
NIT Hamirpur (HP)
(Last updated on 20-10-2007)
Laplace Transforms: Inverse Laplace Transforms
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)

2
METHOD OF PARTIAL FRACTIONS:
To find the inverse transforms, we first express the given function of s into partial
fraction, which will, then, be recognizable as one of the following standard forms:
(1) 1
s
1
L
1
= |
\
|
(2)
at 1
e
a s
1
L = |
\
|

(3)
( )! 1 n
t
s
1
L
1 n
n
1
= |
\
|

, n = 1, 2, 3,....... (4)
( )
( )! 1 n
t e
a s
1
L
1 n at
n
=
(
(

(5) at sin
a
1
a s
1
L
2 2
1
= |
\
|
+
(6) at cos
a s
s
L
2 2
1
= |
\
|
+

(7) at sinh
a
1
a s
1
L
2 2
1
= |
\
|
(8) at cosh
a s
s
L
2 2
1
= |
\
|

(9)
( )
bt sin e
b
1
b a s
1
L
at
2 2
1
=
|
|
\
|
+
(10)
( )
bt cos e
b a s
a s
L
at
2 2
1
=
|
|
\
|
+

(11)
( )
at sin t
a 2
1
a s
s
L
2
2 2
1
=
|
|
\
|
(12)
( )
( ) at cos at at sin
a 2
1
a s
s
L
3 2
2 2
1
=
|
|
\
|
+

Remarks on Partial Fraction:
A fraction of the form
n
1 n
1
n
0
m
1 m
1
m
0
b . .......... s b s b
a . .......... s a s a
+ + +
+ + +
,
in which m and n are positive integers, is called a rational algebraic function. When
numerator is of lower degree than the denominator, it is called proper fraction.
To resolve a given fraction into partial fraction, we first factorise the denominator
into real factor. These will be either linear or quadratic, and some factor s repeated. We
know from algebra that a proper fraction can be resolved into a sum of partial fractions
such that:
(i) to a non-repeated linear factor a s (occurring once) in the denominator
corresponds a partial fraction of the form
( ) a s
A
.

3
(ii) to a repeated linear factor ( )
r
a s (occurring r times) in the denominator
corresponds the sum of r partial fractions of the form
( ) ( ) ( )
r
r
3
3
2
2 1
a s
A
. ..........
a s
A
a s
A
a s
A
+ +
.
(iii) to a non repeated quadratic factor ( ) b as s
2
+ + (occurring once) in the
denominator, corresponds a partial fraction of the form
b as s
B As
2
+ +
+
.
(iv) to a repeated quadratic factor ( )
r
2
b as s + + (occurring r times) in the
denominator, corresponds the sum of r partial fractions of the form
( ) ( )
r
2
r r
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
b as s
B s A
..........
b as s
B s A
b as s
B s A
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
.
Then, we have to determine the unknown constant
1 1
B , A , A , ..etc.
To obtain the partial fraction corresponding to the non-repeated linear factor a s in the
denominator, put s = a everywhere in the given fraction except in the factor a s itself.
In all other cases, equate the given fraction to the sum of suitable partial fractions
in accordance with (i) to (iv) above, having found the partial fraction corresponding to
the non-repeated linear factors by the above rule. Then multiply both sides by the
denominator of the given fraction and equate the coefficients of the powers of the s or
substitute the convenient numerical values of s on both sides. Finally, solve the simplest
of the resulting equations to find the unknown constant.

Now using the concept of partial fractions, let us find inverse Laplace
transforms of some functions:
Q.No.1.: Find the inverse Laplace transforms of (i)
3
2
s
4 s 3 s +
,
(ii)
13 s 4 s
2 s
2
+
+
.
Sol.: (i) |
\
|
+ |
\
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
+

3
1
2
1 1
3
2
1
s
1
L 4
s
1
L 3
s
1
L
s
4 s 3 s
L

4

2
2
t 2 t 3 1
! 2
t
. 4 t 3 1 + = + = .
(ii)
( ) ( )
|
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
\
|
+
+

2 2
1
2
1
2
1
3 2 s
4 2 s
L
9 2 s
2 s
L
13 s 4 s
2 s
L

( ) ( )
|
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
\
|
+
=

2 2
1
2 2
1
3 2 s
1
L 4
3 2 s
2 s
L
t 3 sin e
3
4
t 3 cos e
t 2 t 2
+ = . Ans.
6 s 11 s 6 s
5 s 6 s 2
2 3
2
+
+
,
(ii)
( ) ( ) 2 s 1 s
5 s 4
2
+
+
.
Sol.: (i) Here the denominator ( ) ( )( )( ) 3 s 2 s 1 s 6 s 11 s 6 s
2 3
= + = .
So let
( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 s
C
2 s
B
1 s
A
3 s 2 s 1 s
5 s 6 s 2
2
=

+
.
Then
( )( ) 2
1
3 1 2 1
5 1 . 6 1 . 2
A
2
=
(
(

+
= ,
( )( )
1
3 2 1 2
5 2 . 6 2 . 2
B
2
=
(
(

+
= ,
and
( )( ) 2
5
2 3 1 3
5 3 . 6 3 . 2
C
2
=
(
(

+
= .
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
+
+

3 s
1
L
2
5
2 s
1
L
1 s
1
L
2
1
6 s 11 s 6 s
5 s 6 s 2
L
1 1 1
2 3
2
1

=
t 3 t 2 t
e
2
5
e e
2
1
+ . Ans.
(ii). Here
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) 2 s 1 2
5 2 4
1 s
B
1 s
A
2 s 1 s
5 s 4
2 2 2
+
+
+
=
+
+
.
Multiplying both sides by ( )( )
2
2 s 1 s + , we get

5
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 s
3
1
2 s B 2 s 1 s A 5 s 4 + + + = + .
Putting s = 1, 9 = 3B 3 B = .
Equating the coefficient of
2
s from both sides, we get
3
1
A 0 =
3
1
A = .
( ) ( ) ( )
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
+
+

2 s
1
L
3
1
1 s
1
L 3
1 s
1
L
3
1
2 s 1 s
5 s 4
L
1
2
1 1
2
1

t 2 t t
e
3
1
te 3 e
3
1

+ = . Ans.
( )( ) 5 s 2 s 1 s
3 s 5
2
+ +
+
,
(ii)
4 4
a 4 s
s
+
.
Sol.: (i) Let
( )( )
( )
( )( ) 5 s 2 s
B As
5 1 . 2 1 1 s
3 1 5
5 s 2 s 1 s
3 s 5
2 2 2
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
.
Multiplying both sides by ( )( ) 5 s 2 s 1 s
2
+ + , we get
( ) ( )( ) 1 s B As 5 s 2 s . 1 3 s 5
2
+ + + + = + .
2
s from both sides, we get
A 1 0 + = 1 A = .
Putting s = 0, B 5 3 = 2 B = .
( )( )
|
\
|
+ +
+
+ |
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
+

5 s 2 s
2 s
L
1 s
1
L
5 s 2 s 1 s
3 s 5
L
2
1 1
2
1

( )
( )
|
|
\
|
+ +
+ +
+ |
\
|
=

4 1 s
3 1 s
L
1 s
1
L
2
1 1

( ) ( ) (
(
+ +
+
(
(
+ +
+
|
\
|
=

2 2
1
2 2
1 1
2 1 s
1
L 3
2 1 s
1 s
L
1 s
1
L
t 2 sin e
2
3
t 2 cos e e
t t t
+ = . Ans.

6
(ii) Since ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 4 4
a 2 as 2 s a 2 as 2 s as 2 a 2 s a 4 s + + + = + = + .

( )
2 2 2 2 4 4
a 2 as 2 s
D Cs
a 2 as 2 s
B As
a 4 s
s
+
+
+
+ +
+
=
+
.
Multiplying both sides by
4 4
a 4 s + , we get
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
a 2 as 2 s D Cs a 2 as 2 s B As s + + + + + + = .
3
s , C A 0 + = (i)
2
s , D aC 2 B aA 2 0 + + + = (ii)
Equating the coefficient of s , aD 2 C a 2 aB 2 A a 2 1
2 2
+ + = (iii)
Putting s = 0, D a 2 B a 2 0
2 2
+ = . (iv)
From (iv), 0 D B = + . (v)
(ii) becomes 0 C A = + , and by (i), we get 0 C A = = .
Then (iii) reduce to
a 2
1
B D = and by (v),
a 4
1
B = ,
a 4
1
D = .
|
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
\
|
+ +
=
|
|
\
|
+

2 2
1
2 2
1
4 4
1
a 2 as 2 s
1
L
a 4
1
a 2 as 2 s
1
L
a 4
1
a 4 s
s
L

( ) ( )
|
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
\
|
+ +
=

2 2
1
2 2
1
a a s
1
L
a 4
1
a a s
1
L
a 4
1

at sin e
a
1
.
a 4
1
at sin e
a
1
.
a 4
1
at at
+ =

|
|
\
|

=
2
e e
at sin
a 2
1
at at
2

at sinh at sin
a 2
1
2
= . Ans.
Q.No.4.: Find the inverse Laplace transform of
( )
5
2
2
s 2
2 s 3
.
Sol.: Here
( )
3 5 5
2 4
5
2 4
s
6
s
6
s 2
3
s 2
s 12 12 s 3
s 2
s 4 4 s 3
+ =
+
=
+
.
Taking the inverse Laplace transform, we get
|
\
|
+
3 5
1
s
6
s
6
s 2
3
L |
\
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=

3
1
5
1 1
s
6
L
s
6
L
s 2
3
L

7

4 2 2
4 2 4
t
4
1
t 3
2
3
t 3
4
t
2
3
! 2
t 6
! 4
t 6
2
3
+ = + = + = . Ans.
2 2
s 9
18 s 4
25 s 4
5 s 2
+
+
.
Sol.: Here
25 s 4
5
25 s 4
s 2
25 s 4
5 s 2
2 2 2
+
+
=
+
and
2 2 2
s 9
18
s 9
s 4
s 9
18 s 4

The equation becomes
2 2 2 2
s 9
18
s 9
s 4
25 s 4
5
25 s 4
s 2
+
+
+
2 2
2 2 s 9
18
s 9
s 4
4
25
s 4
5
4
25
s 4
s 2
+
|
\
|
+
\
|
+
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
=
2 2
2 2
s 9
1
18
s 9
s
4
4
25
s
1
4
5
4
25
s
s
4
2

|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
=
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
3 s
1
18
3 s
s
4
2
5
s
1
4
5
2
5
s
s
4
2

(
+
+
2 2
1
s 9
18 s 4
25 s 4
5 s 2
L
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
=

2 2
1
2 2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
3 s
1
L 18
3 s
s
L 4
2
5
s
1
L
4
5
2
5
s
s
L
4
2

t 3 sinh
3
18
t 3 cosh 4 t
2
5
sin .
5
2
.
4
5
t
2
5
cos
4
2
+ =
t 3 sinh 6 t 3 cosh 4 t
2
5
sin t
2
5
cos
2
1
+ |
\
|
= . Ans.
( ) 4 3 s
s
2
+ +
.
Sol.: Here
( ) 4 3 s
3 3 s
2
+ +
+
( ) ( ) 4 3 s
3
4 3 s
3 s
2 2
+ +
+ +
+
= .

8
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ +
+

2 2
1
2 2
1
2 3 s
1
L 3
2 3 s
3 s
L t 2 sin
2
e . 3
t 2 cos e
t 3
t 3
=

|
\
|
=

t 2 sin
2
3
t 2 cos e
t 3
. Ans.
8 s 2 s
s 3
2
+
.
Sol.: Here
9 1 s 2 s
s 3
2
+ + ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 1 s
1 1 s 3
3 1 s
s 3
+
+
=
+
=
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 1 s
3
3 1 s
1 s 3
+
+
+
= .
|
\
|
+
8 s 2 s
s 3
L
2
1
t 3 sinh e t 3 cosh e 3
t t
= ( ) t 3 sinh t 3 cosh 3 e
t
=

(
(
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
+
=

2
e e
2
e e
3 e
t 3 t 3 t 3 t 3
t
(
(
+ + =

2
e
2
e
e
2
3
e
2
3
e
t 3 t 3
t 3 t 3 t

[ ]
t 2 t 4 t 3 t 3 t
e e 2 e e 2 e + = + =

. Ans.
3 s 2 s
7 s 3
2

+
.
Sol.: Here
3 s 2 s
7 s 3
2

+
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 s
7 s 3

+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 1 s
7
2 1 s
s 3

+

=

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 1 s
7
2 1 s
1 1 s 3

+

+
=

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 s
3
2 1 s
7
2 1 s
1 s 3

+

+

=

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 1 s
10
2 1 s
1 s 3

+

= .
(
3 s 2 s
7 s 3
L
2
1
t 2 sinh e
2
10
t 2 cosh e 3
t t
+ = t 2 sinh e 5 t 2 cosh e 3
t t
+ =

(
(

+
(
(
+
=

2
e e
e 5
2
e e
e 3
t 2 t 2
t
t 2 t 2
t
(
(

+
(
(
+
=

2
e e
5
2
e e
3
t t 3 t 3 t


9

t t 3 t 3 t
e
2
5
e
2
5
e
2
3
e
2
3

+ + = [ ]
t 3 t
e 4 e + =

. Ans.
( )( ) 2 s 3 s s
2 s s
2
+
+
.
Sol.: Here
( )( ) 2 s 3 s s
2 s s
2
+
+
2 s
C
3 s
B
s
A
+
+
+ = .
Then
[ ]
( )( ) 3
1
6
2
2 3
2 0 0
A =
+
= ,
( ) ( ) [ ]
( )( ) 15
4
15
2 3 9
5 3
2 3 3
B
2
=

=

+
= ,
( ) ( ) [ ]
5
2
10
4
5 . 2
2 2 2
C
2
= =
+
=
2 s
C
3 s
B
s
A
+
+
+
( ) ( ) 2 s 5
2
3 s 15
4
s 3
1
+
+
+ = .
( )( )
(
(
+
+
2 s 3 s s
2 s s
L
2
1
( ) ( )
(
+
+
+ =

2 s 5
2
3 s 15
4
s 3
1
L
1 t 2 t 3
e
5
2
e
15
4
3
1
+ + =

. Ans.
( )( ) 6 s 5 s 7 s
13 s 10 s
2
2
+
+
.
Sol.: Here
( )( )( ) 2 s
C
3 s
B
7 s
A
2 s 3 s 7 s
13 s 10 s
2
=

+
.
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 3 s 7 s C 2 s 7 s B 2 s 3 s A 13 s 10 s
2
+ + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) 21 s 10 s C 14 s 9 s B 6 s 5 s A
2 2 2
+ + + + + =
( ) ( ) C 21 B 14 A 6 s C 10 B 9 A 5 s C B A
2
+ + + + + + = .
1 C B A = + + ,
10 C 10 B 9 A 5 = ,
13 C 21 B 14 A 6 = + + .
Solving, we get
5
3
C 2, B ,
5
2
A = = =

10
( )( )( ) ( ) 2 s
1
5
3
3 s
2
7 s 5
2
2 s 3 s 7 s
13 s 10 s
2
\
|
+
=
(
(

+ +
.
( )( )
( )
(
\
|
+
=
(
(
+
+

2 s
1
5
3
3 s
2
7 s 5
2
L
6 s 5 s 7 s
13 s 10 s
L
1
2
2
1

t 2 t 3 t 7
e
5
3
e 2 e
7
2
+ = . Ans.
( )
2
2
1 s
s
.
Sol.: Here
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 s
D
1 s
C
1 s
B
1 s
A
1 s 1 s
s
+
+
+
+
=
+
.
Equating the coefficient of A, B, C and D, we get
0 C A = +
0 D C B A = + +
1 D 2 C B 2 A = +
0 D C B A = + + +
Solving these equations, we get
0 C 0, A ,
4
1
D ,
4
1
B = = = =
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 s 4
1
1 s 4
1
1 s
s
+
.
( )
( ) ( ) (
(
(
(
=
(
(

2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1 s 4
1
L
1 s 4
1
L
1 s
s
L
t sinh
2
t
2
e e
2
t
4
te
4
te
t t t t
=
(
(

= =

. Ans.
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 s 2 s
s 2 1
+
+
.

11
Sol.: Here
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 s
D
1 s
C
2 s
B
2 s
A
1 s 2 s
s 2 1
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
.
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 s D 1 s 2 s C 1 s B 1 s 2 s A s 2 1 + + + + + + = +
( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 4 s 4 s D 1 s s 4 4 s C s 2 1 s B s 2 1 s 2 s A s 2 1
2 2 2 2
+ + + + + + + + + + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) s 4 4 s s 4 s 4 s C s 2 1 s B s 4 2 s 2 s 2 s s A s 2 1
2 2 3 2 2 2 3
+ + + + + + + + = +
( ) s 4 4 s D
2
+ + +
0 C A = +
0 D C 3 B = + +
2 D 4 B 2 A 3 = +
1 D 4 C 4 B A 2 = + +
3
1
D ,
3
1
B 0, C , 0 A = = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 s 3
1
2 s 3
1
1 s 2 s
s 2 1
+
+
=
+
+
.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
(
+
(
(
=
(
(
+
+

2
1
2
1
2 2
1
1 s 3
1
L
2 s 3
1
L
1 s 2 s
s 2 1
L t e
3
1
t e
3
1
t t 2
+ =

[ ]
t 2 t
e e
3
t

= . Ans.
( )( ) 4 s 3 s
s
2
+
.
Sol.: Here
( )( ) 4 s
C Bs
3 s
A
4 s 3 s
s
2 2
+
+
+
=
+
.
( ) ( )( ) 3 s C Bs 4 s A s
2
+ + + =
C 3 Cs Bs 3 Bs A 4 As s
2 2
+ + + =
Comparing the coefficient of A, B, C, we get
13
4
C ,
13
3
B ,
13
3
A = = =

12
( )( )
( )
( ) ( ) 4 s
2
13 . 2
4
4 s 13
s 3
3 s 13
3
4 s 3 s
s
2 2 2
+
+
+
=
+
.
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )(
(
+
+
(
(
=
(
(
+

4 s
2
13 . 2
4
L
4 s 13
s 3
L
3 s 13
3
L
4 s 3 s
s
L
2
1
2
1 1
2
1

t 2 sin
13
2
t 2 cos
13
3
e
13
3
t 3
+ = [ ] t 2 sin 2 t 2 cos 3 e 3
13
1
t 3
+ = . Ans.
( ) ( ) 1 s 1 s
s
2 2
+ +
.
Sol.: Here
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 s
D Cs
1 s
B
1 s
A
1 s 1 s
s
2 2 2 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ +
.
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 s D 1 s Cs 1 s B 1 s 1 s A s + + + + + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 s 2 s D 1 s 2 s Cs 1 s B 1 s s s A s
2 2 2 2 3
+ + + + + + + + + + + =
0 C ,
2
1
D ,
2
1
B , 0 A = = = = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 s 2
1
1 s 2
1
1 s 1 s
s
2 2 2 2
+
+
+
=
+ +
.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(
+
+
(
(
+
=
(
(
+ +

1 s 2
1
L
1 s 2
1
L
1 s 1 s
s
L
2
1
2
1
2 2
1

t sin
2
1
te
2
1
t
+ =

( )
t
te t sin
2
1

= . Ans.
4 4
3
a s
s
.
Sol.: Here
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3
a s
D Cs
a s
B
a s
A
a s a s a s
s
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ +
.
( )( )
4
1
a 4
a
a 2 a 2
a
A
3
3
2
3
= = =

13
( )
( )( )
4
1
a 4
a
a 2 a 2
a
B
3
3
2
3
=
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 4 4
3
a s
D Cs
a s 4
1
a s 4
1
a s
s
+
+
+
+
+

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
a s
s
.
2
1
a s 4
1
a s 4
1
+
+
+
+
= .
(
= = 0 D ,
2
1
C Q
(
(
4 4
3
1
a s
s
L
( ) ( )
( )(
(
+
+
+
+
=

2 2
1
a s
s
.
2
1
a s 4
1
a s 4
1
L at cos
2
1
e
4
1
e
4
1
at at
+ + =

at cos
2
1
2
e e
2
1
at at
+
(
(
+
=
[ ] at cosh at cos
2
1
+ = . Ans.
3 3
a s
1
.
Sol.: Here
( )( ) ( ) as a s
C Bs
a s
A
as a s a s
1
2 2 2 2
+ +
+
+
=
+ +
.
Solving for A
2 2 2 2
a 3
1
a a a
1
A =
+ +
= .
( )( ) ( ) ( ) as a s
C Bs
a s a 3
1
as a s a s
1
2 2 2 2 2
+ +
+
+
=
+ +

( )( )
3 2 2 2 2
a 3 s a 3 C Bs as a s a 3 + + + + =
C a 3 Cs a 3 Bs a 3 Bs a 3 as a s a 3
3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + + =
Equating the coefficient, we get
2
3a
1
B ,
a 3
2
C =
=
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
a as s a 3
2
a as s a 3
s
a s a 3
1
a s
1
+ +
+ +


14

( )
4
a 3
2
a
s
2
a 3
1
4
a 3
2
a
s
2
a
2
a
s
a 3
1
a s a 3
1
2
2
2
2 2 2
+ |
\
|
+
+ |
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
=

( )
|
\
|

+ |
\
|
+
+
+ |
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
=
a 3
2
a 6
1
4
a 3
2
a
s
1
4
a 3
2
a
s
2
a
s
a 3
1
a s a 3
1
2
2
2
2 2 2
.
2
at 3
sin e
2
a 3
1
.
a 2
1
at
2
3
cos e
a 3
1
e
a 3
1
a s
1
L
2 / at 2 / at
2
at
2 3 3
1
=
(

2
at 3
sin e
a 3
1
2
at 3
cos e
a 3
1
e
a 3
1
2 / at
2
2 / at
2
at
2

=

(
(
)
`
+ =

2
at 3
sin 3
2
at 3
cos e e
a 3
1
2 / at at
2
. Ans.
( )( ) 4 s 1 s
6 s
2 2
2
+ +
+
.
Sol.: Here
( )( ) 4 s
D Cs
1 s
B As
4 s 1 s
6 s
2 2 2 2
2
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ +
+
.
( )( ) ( )( ) 1 s D Cs 4 s B As 6 s
2 2 2
+ + + + + = +
D Ds Cs Cs B 4 Bs As 4 As 6 s
2 3 2 3 2
+ + + + + + + = + .
Solving, we get
3
2
D 0, C ,
3
5
B , 0 A = = = =
( )( ) ( ) ( ) 4 s 3
2
1 s 3
5
4 s 1 s
6 s
2 2 2 2
2
+
+
=
+ +
+
.
( )( ) ( ) ( )(
(
(
(
+
=
(
(
+ +
+

4 s
1
L
3
2
1 s
1
L
3
5
4 s 1 s
6 s
L
2
1
2
1
2 2
2
1


15
[ ] t 2 sin t sin 5
3
1
t 2 sin
3
1
t sin
3
5
= = . Ans.
( ) 13 s 4 s
3 s 2
2
+ +
.
Sol.: Here
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 2 s
3 s 2
9 4 s 4 s
3 s 2
+ +
=
+ + +
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 2 s
3
3 2 s
2 2 s 2
+ +
+ +
+
=

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 2 s
7
3 2 s
2 s 2
+ +
+ +
+
=
( )
t 3 sin e
3
7
t 3 cos e 2
13 s 4 s
3 s 2
L
t 2 t 2
2
1
=
(
(
+ +
[ ] t 3 sin 7 t 3 cos 6 e
3
1
t 2
=

. Ans.
( )( ) 2 s 2 s 1 s
s s
2 2
2
+ + +
+
.
Sol.: Here
( )( ) 2 s 2 s
D Cs
1 s
B As
2 s 2 s 1 s
s s
2 2 2 2
2
+ +
+
+
+
+
=
+ + +
+
.
( )( ) ( )( ) 1 s D Cs 2 s 2 s B As s s
2 2 2
+ + + + + + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) D B 2 s C B 2 A 2 s D B A 2 s C A
2 3
+ + + + + + + + + =
Solving and equating the coefficients, we get
0 C A = +
1 D B A 2 = + +
1 C B 2 A 2 = + +
0 D B 2 = +
5
3
A ,
5
1
B ,
5
3
C ,
5
2
D = = = =
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ +
+
|
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
\
|
+
=
+ + +
+
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1 s
1
5
2
1 1 s
1 1 s
5
3
1 s
1
5
1
1 s
s
5
3
2 s 2 s 1 s
s s
.
( )( ) ( ) ( )
|
|
\
|
+ +
+
|
\
|
+
+ |
\
|
+
=
(
(
+ + +
+

2 2
1
2
1
2
1
2 2
2
1
1 1 s
1 1 s
L
5
3
1 s
1
L
5
1
1 s
s
L
5
3
2 s 2 s 1 s
s s
L

16

( )
|
|
\
|
+ +

2 2
1
1 1 s
1
L
5
2

t sin e
5
1
t cos e
5
3
t sin
5
1
t cos
5
3
t t
+ + =
( ) ( ) t cos e 1
5
3
t sin e 1
5
1
t t
+ + = . Ans.
( )
2
2
5 s 4 s
2 s
+ +
+
.
Sol.: Here
( )
2
2
5 s 4 s
2 s
+ +
+
.
( )
( ) (
(
+ +
+
=
(
(
+ +
+

2 2
1
2
2
1
1 2 s
2 s
L
5 s 4 s
2 s
L .
Since
( )
bt sin t
b 2
1
b s
s
L
2
2 2
1
=
(
(
and ( )
( )
( ) [ ]
2
2 2
at
b a s
a s b 2
t sin t e L
+ +
+
=
.
( )
t sin t e
2
1
5 s 4 s
2 s
L
t 2
2
2
1
=
(
(
+ +
+
. Ans.
( )
2
2
13 s 6 s
3 s
+ +
+
.
Sol.: Here
( ) ( ) [ ]
2
2 2
2
2
2 3 s
3 s
13 s 6 s
3 s
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
.
( ) [ ]
t 2 sin t e
2 . 2
1
2 3 s
3 s
L
t 3
2
2 2
1
=
(
(
+ +
+

t 2 sin e
4
1
t 3
=

. Ans.
( ) 1 s s
s
2 4
+ +
.

17
Sol.: Here
( ) 1 s s
s
2 4
+ +
.
Since ( ) ( )( ) 1 s s 1 s s 1 s s
2 2 2 4
+ + + = + + .
( ) ( )( ) 1 s s 1 s s
s 2
2
1
1 s s
s
2 2 2 4
+ + +
=
+ +
.
( )
|
\
|
+ +
|
\
|
+
=
(
+ +

1 s s
1
L
2
1
1 s s
1
L
2
1
1 s s
s
L
2
1
2
1
2 4
1

+ |
\
|
+
+ |
\
|

=

4
3
2
1
s
1
L
2
1
4
3
2
1
s
1
L
2
1
2
1
2
1

t
2
3
sin e
2
3
. 2
1
t
2
3
sin e
2
3
. 2
1
2 / t 2 / t
=

|
|
\
|

=
2
e e
2
t 3
sin
3
2
2 / t 2 / t
2
t
sinh
2
t 3
sin
3
2
= . Ans.
( )
4 4
2 2
a 4 s
a 2 s a
+
.
Sol.: Here
( )
4 4
2 2
a 4 s
a 2 s a
+
.
Since ( )( )
2 2 2 2 4 4
a 2 as 2 s a 2 as 2 s a 4 s + + + = +
( )
2 2 2 2 4 4
2 2
a 2 as 2 s
D Cs
a 2 as 2 s
B As
a 4 s
a 2 s a
+
+
+
+ +
+
=
+
.
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 3 2
a 2 as 2 s D Cs a 2 as 2 s B As a 2 as + + + + + + =
3
s ; 0 C A = +
2
s ; D aC 2 B Aa 2 a + + + =
Equating the coefficient of s ; aD 2 C a 2 aB 2 A a 2 0
2 2
+ + =
Putting 0 s = , we get

18
D a 2 B a 2 a 2
2 2 3
+ = a D B = +
a aC 2 aA 2 a + =
aC 2 aA 2 a 2 + =
1 A C =
0 A C = + .
2
1
C 1 C 2 = = ,
2
1
A = ,
2
a
B D = =
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
a a s
2
a
s
2
1
a a s
2
a
2
s
+
+
+ +

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
a a s
a s
.
2
1
a a s
a s
.
2
1
+
+
+ +
+

( )
(
(
4 4
2 2
1
a 4 s
a 2 s a
L
( ) ( ) (
(
+
(
(
+ +
+
=

2 2
1
2 2
1
a a s
a s
L
2
1
a a s
a s
L
2
1

at cos e
2
1
at cos e
2
1
at at
+ =

(
(
2
e e
at cos
at at

at sinh . at cos = . Ans.
( )
4
2 3
2 s
s 14 s 6 s
+
+ +
.
Sol.: Let
( )
4
2 3
2 s
s 14 s 6 s
+
+ +
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 2 s
D
2 s
C
2 s
B
2 s
A
2 3 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
s 14 s 6 s
2 3
+ +
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
2 s D 2 s C 2 s B A + + + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) A B 2 C 4 D 8 s B C 4 D 12 s C D 6 Ds
2 3
+ + + + + + + + + =
Equating the coefficient of s
, 12 A = B = 2, C = 0, D = 1.
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
)
`
+
+
+
+
+
=
+
+ +

2 s
1
L
2 s
1
L 2
2 s
1
L 12
2 s
s 14 s 6 s
L
1
3
1
4
1
4
2 3
1


19

t 2 2 t 2 3 t 2
e t e t e 2

+ + = { }
3 2 t 2
t 2 t 1 e + =

.
( )( ) 5 s 2 s 2 s 2 s
3 s 2 s
2 2
2
+ + + +
+ +

Sol.:
( )( ) 5 s 2 s 2 s 2 s
3 s 2 s
2 2
2
+ + + +
+ +
5 s 2 s
D Cs
2 s 2 s
B As
2 2
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
=
3 s 2 s
2
+ +
( )( ) ( )( ) 2 s 2 s D Cs 5 s 2 s B As
2 2
+ + + + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) D 2 B 5 s D 2 C 2 B 2 A 5 s D C 2 B A 2 s C A
2 3
+ + + + + + + + + + + =
Comparing coefficient of s on either side
A + C = 0, 2A + B + 2C + D = 1, 5A + 2B + 2C + 2D = 2, 5B + 2D = 3.
By solving these equations, we get
A = 0,
3
1
B = , C = 0,
3
2
D = .
( )( )
)
+ + + +
+ +
5 s 2 s 2 s 2 s
3 s 2 s
L
2 2
2
1

+ +
+
+ +
=

5 s 2 s
3
2
L
2 s 2 s
3
1
L
2
1
2
1

( ) ( )
)
+ +
+
+ +
=

4 1 s
1
L
3
2
1 1 s
1
L
3
1
2
1
2
1

( ) t 2 sin t sin 2
3
1
t 2 sin e .
2
1
.
3
2
t sin e
3
1
t t t
+ = + =

.
( )
2
2
2 3
2 s 2 s
4 s 6 s 3 s
+
+
.
Sol.: Let
( )
2
2
2 3
2 s 2 s
4 s 6 s 3 s
+
+
( )
( ) 2 s 2 s
D Cs
2 s 2 s
B As
2 2
2
+
+
+
+
+
=

20
4 s 6 s 3 s
2 3
+
( )( ) ( ) D 2 B s ) D 2 C 2 A ( s C 2 D Cs 2 s 2 s D Cs B As
2 3 2
+ + + + + = + + + + =
Equating & solving
A = 2, 2 B = , C = 1, 1 D = and rewriting ( ) 1 1 s 2 s 2 s
2 2
+ = +
( )

)
+
+
2
2
2 3
1
2 s 2 s
4 s 6 s 3 s
L
( ) { }
( ) { }
)
=

1 1 s
1 s
L
1 1 s
2 s 2
L
2
1
2
2
1

( )
( )
+
+
+
=

1 s
s
1 s
s 2
L e
2 2
2
1 t
( )
t cos . e
1 s
s
L e 2
t
2
2
1 t
+
+
=

{ } t cos t sin t e t cos e t sin .
2
t
. e 2
t t t
+ = + = . Ans.

*** *** *** *** ***
*** *** ***
***

Home Assignments
Use of partial fractions:
6 s 5 s
2 s
2
+ +
.
Ans.:
t 3 t 2
e 5 e 4

+ .
( )( )( ) 3 s 2 s 1 s
4 s 2
2
+
.
Ans.:
t 3 t 2 t
e
2
7
e
3
4
e
6
1
+

.
8 s 14 s 7 s
24 s 7 s
2 3
2
+
+
.
Ans.:
t 4 t 2 t
e 2 e 7 e 6 + .

21
( )( ) 3 s 1 s
17 s
+
+
.
Ans.:
t 3 t
e
2
7
e
2
9

.
6 s 11 s 6 s
5 s 6 s 2
2 3
2
+
+
.
Ans.:
t 3 t 2 t
e
2
5
e e
2
1
+ .
4 s 4 s
s 5
2
+ +
.
Ans.: ( ) t 2 1 e 5
t 2
.
( )
4
2 s
5
.
Ans.:
6
e t 5
t 2 3
.
( )
3
1 s 2
7
+
.
Ans.:
2
t
2
e t
16
7
.
7 s 4 s
2 s
2
+ +
+
.
Ans.: t 3 cos . e
t 2
.
13 s 6 s
12 s 2
2
+ +
+
.
Ans.: ( ) t 2 sin 3 t 2 cos 2 e
t 3
+
.
s 9 s
9 s 9 s
3
2
+
.
Ans.: t 3 sinh 3 1+ .
( )( ) 2 s 2 s 2 s 2 s
s
2 2
+ + +
.

22
Ans.: t sinh . t sin
2
1
.
( )
2
2
2 3
4 s
36 s 40 s 3 s 3
+
.
Ans.: ( )
t 2 t 2
te 2 e 3 t 5 +

.
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 3
1 s 1 s
1 s s 2
+ +

.
Ans.:
t
te t cos t
2
1
t sin
2
1

+ .
( )( ) 4 s 1 s
17 s 7 s 5
2
2
+
+
.
Ans.: t 2 sin
2
5
t 2 cos 2 e 3
t
+ .
( ) ( ) 2 s 1 s
7 s 15 s 2
2
2
+
+ +
.
Ans.: ( )
t 2 t
e 5 e 3 t 2 +

.
( )( ) 4 s 1 s
1 s
2 2
+ +
+
.
Ans.: ( ) t 2 sin t sin 2 t 2 cos 2 t cos 2
6
1
+ .
( ) 5 s 2 s s
10
2
+
.
Ans.: ( ) t 2 sin t 2 cos 2 e 2
t

( )
2
1 s s
1
+
.
Ans.:
t t
te e 1

.
( )( ) 13 s 4 s 1 s
27 s 8 s
2
2
+ + +
+ +
.

23
Ans.: ( ) t 3 cos t 3 sin e e 2
t 2 t
+

.
1 s s
s
2 4
+ +
.
Ans.:
(
(
t
2
3 sin
e t
2
3 sin
e
3
1
2
t
2
t

4 4
2
a 4 s
s
+
.
Ans.: [ ] at sin . at cosh at cos at sinh
a 2
1
+ .
*** *** *** *** ***
*** *** ***
***

4 44 4
th th th th
Topic Topic Topic Topic
Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms
General properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms
Inverse Laplace transform of derivatives
Inverse Laplace transform of integrals
Convolution Theorem

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3 3 3 3 Topic Topic Topic Topic: Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms

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3 3 3 3 Topic Topic Topic Topic: Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms

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Inverse Laplace Transform:

If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then f(t) is called the inverse Laplace transform or inverse

is known as the inverse Laplace transform operator and is such that

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