Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Carmel Jolicoeur
Department of Chemistry Universit de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada J1K 2R1
Scope of Presentation
Defining incompatibility: type and origin Chemical admixtures: Types Function Mode of action Interactions between admixtures Cement-admixture interactions Avoiding incompatibilities
2
Compatibility / Incompatibility
Compatibility: Every admixture in a cementitious mix performs its expected specific role. Incompatibility: When the cementitious mix does not behave as expected, for whatever reason, the admixtures are incompatible.
Detrimental: One or more admixture does not perform adequately
or predictably. Synergistic: When several admixtures are used simultaneously, some of the admixtures perform better than when used individually.
3
Compatible vs Incompatible
Hardened concrete results from Reactions and Interactions between Water and cement components: C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF, CaSO4, Alkali Sulfates, Silica Fume, Fly Ash, CSH, Ettringite, AFm, etc.
Origin of Incompatibilities ?
DIRECT INTERACTIONS Cement-Admixture interaction Admixture-Admixture interaction INDIRECT INTERACTIONS Interactions involving 2 or more admixtures and 1 or more component of cements
Ideal
Slump Compatible Incompatible
0 1 2
6
Time (hrs)
SP: Superplasticizers
VEA: Viscosity-Enhancing Others: Set-Controlling, Corrosion-Inhibiting, Sealing, etc.
7
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
AEA
9
CMC
10
Surface tension
Function of AEA
Promote the incorporation of air voids in cementitious systems for frost resistance
11
SRA Shringkage-Reducing-Admixtures
12
SRA Shringkage-Reducing-Admixtures
CH2 O
CH2 CH2
O CH2
CH2 OH
Function of SRA
SRAs reduce surface tension thus reduce capillary pressure and internal strain
SRA
14
15
CH2
PNS
PNS
- - - - - - - - - -
- -
SO3Na
16
LS
H3CO
NH
NH
LS / PMS
PMS
HN
SO3 SO 3Na
Na
17
Polycarboxylate
* * NaO n O O m O
- -
PC
O CH3
18
Mode of Action of SP
Adsorption -- - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - -- PNS type Electrical charging - -----
---- ----
--
PC type
19
10
Mode of Action of PC
Inducing Particle-Particle repulsion
Mode of Action of PC
Control of nucleation and growth processes
Heterogeneous (Topochemical)
22
11
Function of Superplasticizers
Deflocculation and Dispersion
Floculated Defloculated Dispersed in less water
Low fluidity
High fluidity
Intermediate fluidity
+10 % water
Cement Paste
12
VEA Viscosity-Enhancing-Admixtures
25
VEA Viscosity-Enhancing-Admixtures
Cellulose
Welan Gum
VEA
Starch
26
13
VEA in Action
Formation of gel network by polymer molecules
VEA in Action
14
Function of VEA
Water retention and immobilization of fines
VEA
PNS
- AEA SRA
- -
- - -
VEA
1X
PC
10 X
1000 X
30
15
SP AEA Compatibility
Excess entrained air, increasing with time
Concrete W/C 0.45 35MPa
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 Time (min)
32 S. Moffat-Bergeron and R. Gagne, 2008
PC PNS No SP
Air (%)
60
16
Methocel
PNS PC
60 40 20 0 0
40 20 0
Methocel
1 0.9
Stability
Stability
0.8
PNS0.7 PC 0.6
0.02 0.04 VEA dosage (%) 0.06 0
PNS PC
0.05 0.1 0.15 VEA dosage (%)
34
17
SP / WR performance
Dosage = 1% wet basis; Concrete
300 250
PC (0.3% dry)
Slump (mm)
PC - SP Compatibility in Mixtures
Dosage = 1% wet basis; Concrete
250
250
Slump (mm)
Slump (mm)
LS PMS PNS
PMS LS PNS
50
5 min
25 50 75 PC (%)
0 100 0
30 min
25 50 75 PC (%) 100
36
18
Compatibility / Incompatibility
Manifestations of Cement - Admixture Incompatibilities
n-C7H15COONa n-C8 n-C9 n-C10 n-C11 n-C8H17SO3Na n-C10 n-C12 n-C8H17OSO3Na n-C10 n-C12
19
25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 Surfactant (mM) 15 20
39
2.00
- Log [CMC (M)]
40
20
Over-fluidification
% of PC-ini. ads
320
30C
Spread (mm)
20C
10C
10 20 30 40 50 % Over-fluidification
60
SO4
SO4
Buffer solution
SO4
consumption in hydration products
supply
42
21
C6AS3H32 (Aft)
3C4ASH12 (Afm)
III
IV V
15
50 40
60
25 40
10
5 4
8
12 10
0.71
0.21
44
22
SO4/C3A
Product formed
Too low
CAH gel
Balanced
Ettringite
Too high
Secondary gypsum False set rapid, reversible slump loss
Behaviour of concrete
Flash set rapid, Controlled C3A irreversible loss hydration, of slump adequate slump retention
45
SO4 SO4
C3S
SO4
SO4
Competitive adsorption of PNS and SO4 at most reactive sites of cement particles
C4AF
46
23
C3A 300
C4AF
12 10
C3S
200
200
+CaSO4 .1/2 H2O
+Na2SO4
8 6 4
100
+Na2SO4
100
2 0
0 0 0.5 1
0
0 0.5 1
0.5
1
47
[PNS]soln (wt%)
C1
C5
C6
24
Sulfate-Balanced Cement
Influence of Sulfate on PNS or PC Adsorption and Paste Fluidity
RF Ads
PNS
PC
0.0 0.2 0.4 Sulfate (mol/L)
00.0 0.4 0
C3A
(C4AF)
Low SO4 in solution SP(SO3) excessively bound Formation of ettringite (modified) strongly repressed Rapid loss of fluidity 50
25
SP(SO3) SO4
C3A
(C4AF)
SP inhibits growth of gypsum (syngenite) Extensive precipitation of gypsum (or syngenite) Rapid loss of fluidity
51
C3A
(C4AF)
SP adsorption C3A content C3A reactivity (type) Cement fineness SP molecular properties SO4 balance in solution Type of CaSO4 (G, H, A) Alkali sulfate content Ettringite formation (rate, type) Gypsum (syngenite) precipitation
52
26
54
27