D

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003

D
DACRYDIUM Lamb. - Rimu -
Podocarpaceae
Dacrydium frankIinii Hook.
Common NamesHuon pine, Macquarie pine
Usagefavoring; QSPEVDU of vanillin and huon pine
oil
Parts Usedwood
DistributionAustralia, New Zealand, New Caledonia,
Malaysian Archipelago, Borneo
Notee wood has a high methyl eugenol content.
Mabberley l997, Uphof l968
DAPHN L. - Daphne -
7hymeIaeaceae
Daphne mezereum L.
Common Names(February) daphne, mezereon; French.
bois gentil, bois joli, daphn morillon, garo sain-
bois; German. Bergpfeer, Gemeiner Seidelbast,
Kellerhals; Italian. mezereo camelea, laureola
femmina; Russian. woltschje lyko; Spanish. dafne,
loriguillo mezreo, mezereon, torvidco
Usagespice
Parts Usedfruit
DistributionEurope, W Asia, Canada; cultivated as an
ornamental plant
NoteSporadically a substitute for pepper when not
available! All parts of the plant are poisonous.
Cheers l998, Lrhardt et al. 2002, Hager 3, l992, Heeger l956,
Hlller/Melzlg l999, Hoppe l949, Schnfelder 200l, Seldemann
l993c
DAUCUS L. Carrot -
Apiaceae (Cruciferae)
Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schubl.
et G. Martens
Common Namesgarden carrot, carrot; Arabic. jazar;
Chinese. he shi feng, hu luo bo, yeh lo po; Dutch.
peen; French. carotte, racine jaune; German. Gar-
ten-Mhre, Mhre, Mohrrbe, Karotte, Gelbe
Rbe; Italian. carota; japanese. ninjin; Korean.
hongdangmuu; Malaysian. lobak merah, karot;
Portuguese. cenoura; Russian. morkov' kul'turnaja;
Spanish. zanahoria
Usagespice: succade
Parts Usedturnip-root
Distributiononly cultivated world-wide
NoteSubstitute for orangade succade (,Kandinat
M) in the former German Democratic Republic
(DDR, E Germany) aer enzymatic treatment.
Alchele/Schwegler 3, l995, Cheers l998, Dudtschenko et al. l989,
Hanelt 200l, Kays/Dlas l995, Schnfelder 200l, Schultze-Motel
l986, Seldemann l993c, Taufel et al l993, wyk et al. 2004, Zeven/
de wet l982
Daucus visnaga L.
Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.
00_Seidemann.indb 133 03.05.2005 8:54:03 Uhr
l34
D
DCALPIS Wight et Arn. -
AscIepiadaceae
DecaIepsis hamiItonii Vight et Arn.
Common Namesmahali kizhangu
Usagespice (in India for meat) and condiment
Parts Usedroot
DistributionE India, Deccan Peninsula
Notee aromatic roots also pickled with lime.
Arora/Pandey l996, Nagara[an/Pao 2003, Phadke et al. l994,
Seldemann l993c, Thangadural et al. 2002
DCASPRMUM Forst. et Forst.f. -
Myrtaceae
Decaspermum fruticosum Forst.
Synonyms^elitris paniculata Lindl., Psidium decasper-
mum L.f.
Common Namesshrubby decaspermum, tailor tree;
Malaysian. na s'tuka, tuka benang, tukai benai
Usagecondiment (Java)
Parts Usedterminal shoots
Distributiontropical Asia to Australia and Polynesia
Uphof l968
DIANIRA Cham. et SchIecht. -
Centianaceae
Deianira nervosa Cham. et Schlecht.
SynonymsCallopsima amplexifolium Mart.
Common NamesGerman. Deianirakraut; Brazil (Por-
tuguese). angelica bravo do matto
Usagespice; QSPEVDU for bitter liqueurs
Parts Usedherb
DistributionBrazil, also cultivated
Prelse l936, Hanelt 200l, Schultze-Motel l986
DNDRDIUM Sw. -
Drchidaceae
Dendrobium saIaccense (Bl.) Lindl.
SynonymsDendrobium gemellum Ridley, Grastidium
salaccense Bl.
Usageseasoning of rice
Parts Usedleaf
Distributiontropical Asia, especially Malayan Penin-
sula
Oyen/Dung l999, Uphof l968
DendroIobium gemeIIum Ridley
Dendrolobium salaccense (Bl.) Lindl.
DNN77IA .C. aker -
Annonaceae
Dennettia tripetaIa Baker f.
Common Namespepper fruit
Usagespice
Parts Usedyoung leaf, fruit
DistributionW Africa: Ivory Coast, Nigeria
Notee fruits have a peppery spice taste.
8urklll l, l985
DSPLA7SIA ocquiIIon -
7iIiaceae
DespIatsia dewevrei (de Vild. et Durand)
Burret
Common NamesGerman. Desplatsiafrucht
Usagespice for sauces
Parts Usedfruit slime
Distributiontropical W Africa: Central African Re-
public, Nigeria
DCALPIS Wight et Arn. - AscIepiadaceae
00_Seidemann.indb 134 03.05.2005 8:54:07 Uhr
l35
D
8urkhlll 5, 2000, Neuwlnger l999
DiaIyanthera otoba (H. et B.) Varb.
Myristica otoba H. et B.
DIAN7HUS L. -
CaryophyIIaceae
Dianthus caryophyIIus L.
SynonymsDianthus coronarius Lam.
Common Namescarnation, clove pink, gilly fower;
French. oeillet a bouquet, oeillet girofe, oeillet
de feuristes German. Edelnelke, Gartennelke,
Landnelke; Italian. garofano, garofano domes-
tico; japanese. kaneishon, rande nadeshiko; Rus-
sian. gvozdika gollandskaja, gvozdika sadovaja;
Spanish. alheli, clavel, claveles
Usagefavoring: QSPEVDU essential oil
Parts Usedfower
Distributioncultivated in Europe: Italy, Sardinia, Sic-
ily; cultivated in Spain, S France, the Netherlands,
Caucasus and other countries
8remness 200l, Cheers l998, Davldson l999, Lrhardt et al. 2002,
Hanelt 200l, Schultze-Motel l986, Str l974, Tucker l986, Uphof
l968, vlllamar et al. l994, Zeven/de wet l982
Dianthus chinensis L.
Common Namescarnation annual pink, Chinese pink,
Indian pink; Chinese. qu mai; French. oeillet de
Chine; German. Chinesische Nelke, Kaiser-Nelke;
japanese. kara nadeshike; Korean. phaeraengik-
kot; Russian. gvozdika
Usagefavoring
Parts Usedfower
DistributionE China, Korea; in India and Korea cul-
tivated
Cheers l998, Chopra l956, Plelschhauer 2003, Hanelt 200l, Hlller/
Melzlg l999, N|CP8P l987, Poth/Kormann l997, Schultze-Motel
l986
Dianthus coronarius Lam.
Dianthus caryophyllus L.
DICRANDRA enth. - FIorida mints,
Dicerandra aIm - Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
Dicerandra christmannii Huck et judd
Usagefavoring; QSPEVDU essential oil
Parts Usedleaf
DistributionS USA
McCormlck et al. l993
Dicerandra cornutissima Huck
Usagefavoring; QSPEVDU essential oil
Parts Usedleaf
DistributionS USA
McCormlck et al. l993
Dicerandra frutescens Benth.
Usagefavoring; QSPEVDU essential oil
Parts Usedleaf
DistributionS USA
NoteA high aromatic 'mint' plant.
Llsner et al. l990, McCormlck et al. l993
Dicerandra immacuIate Lakela
Usagefavoring; QSPEVDU essential oil
Parts Usedleaf
DistributionS USA
McCormlck et al. l993
DICRANDRA 8enth. - IIorida mints, Dicerandra 8aIm - Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
00_Seidemann.indb 135 03.05.2005 8:54:11 Uhr
l36
D
DIC7AMNUS L. - Dittany -
Rutaceae
Dictamnus aIbus L.
SynonymsDictamnus gymnostylis Steven
Common Namesburning bush, dittany, dittander; Chi-
nese. bai xian pi; French. dictame blanc; herbe aux
clairs; German. Brennender Busch, Flammender
Busch, Diptam, Hexenkraut, Pfeerkraut, Specht-
wurzel, Weier Diptam; Italian. dittamo bianco;
Russian. jasenez
Usagefavoring and bitter (sporadically for alcoholic
beverage)
Parts Usedroot
DistributionE, EC Europe, Iberian Peninsula, Germa-
ny, the Balkans
Alchele/Schwegler 3, l995, Charalambous l994, Cheers l998,
Dudtschenko et al. l989, Lrhardt et al. 2002, Plelschhauer 2003,
Hager 4, l992, Heeger l956, Hepper l992, Hlller/Melzlg l999, Ku-
beczka et al. l990, Poth/Kormann l997, Schnfelder 200l, Selde-
mann l993c, Small l997, Uphof l968, wustenfeld/Haensel l964
Dictamnus creticus j. Hill
Origanum dictamnus L.
Dictamnus gymnostyIis Steven
Dictamnus albus L.
DICYPLLIUM Nees et Mart.-
Lauraceae
DicypeIIium caryophyIIatum ^ees
Common Namesclove bark, pinkwood bark; Brazil
(Portuguese). caneleira-cravo, craveiro-do maran-
hao, cravo-do-mato, cravinho, louro-cheirosa,
louro-cravo, pau-cravo; French. cannelier girofe;
German. Nelkenzimt, Schwarzer Zimt; Russian.
koriza gvosditschnaja
Usagespice, like cinnamon or glove bark; favoring;
QSPEVDU essential oil
Parts Usedbark
Distributiontropical America
Notee root was discovered in 1339 by Gozola
Pizarro in the Upper Amazonas area.
8ols l934, Lrhardt et al. 2002, Hager 4, l992, Hlller/Melzlg l999,
Hoppe l949, Kumar 200l, Mors et al. 2000, Seldemann l993c,
Seldemann/Slebert l987, Staesche l972, Teuscher 2003, Uphof
l968
DICRA Forssk. -
Amaranthaceae
Digera aIternifoIia Asch.
Digera muricata (L.) Mart.
Digera arvensis Forssk.
Digera muricata (L.) Mart.
Digera muricata (L.) Mart.
SynonymsDigera alternifolia Aschers, Digera arvensis
Forssk.
Common Nameswild rhubrab; Arabic. bud(d)jer,
did(d)jar; Hindi. kanjero, latmhura, lasua tandla
Usagepot-herb (in India)
Parts Usedleaf, tender shoot
DistributionS, SE Asia: India, Afghanistan, Indonesia,
NE tropical Africa: Ethiopia, Arabia
Agarwal l986, Arora/Pandey l996, Hanelt 200l, Seshadrl/Namblar
2003, Uphof l968
DILLNIA L. -
DiIIeniaceae
DiIIenia indica L.
Common Nameschalta tree, elephant apple; German.
Chalthafrucht, Elephantenapfel; Hindi. chalta,
cinar, hondapara, outenga, karambel; Indone-
DIC7AMNUS L. - Dittany - Rutaceae
00_Seidemann.indb 136 03.05.2005 8:54:15 Uhr
l37
D
sian. saimpol; japanese. biwa modoki; javanese.
simpoh, chimpuh; Malaysian: chimpoh, (Indian)
simpoh; Pilipino. katmon; Portuguese. frula estre-
la; ailand. mataat; Vietnamese. so
Usagefavoring (acidic tasting for curries and jellies)
Parts Usedfruit pulp
DistributionIndia, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malaysia, W
Africa: Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone
Notee fruit should not be confused with the fruit
of Fernonia limonia (L.) Swingle; the leaves have
the aroma of anise seeds.
8ols l934, 8urklll l966, 3, l995, Cheers l997, Dastur l954, Lngel/
Phummal 2000, Lrhardt et al. 2002, Hanelt 200l, Hoogland l952,
Kottegoda l994, Kumar 2003, Luck 2000, Schenck/Naundorf l966,
Schultze-Motel l986, Storrs l997, Taufel et al. l993, Uphof l968,
wealth of |ndla 3, l952, wlersema/Leon l999
Diosma fragrans Sims
Adenandra fragrans (Sims) Roem. et Schult.
Diosma odorata (Vendl.) DC.
Barosma crenulata (Torner) Hook.
DIPLD7AXIS DC. - WaII rocket -
rassicaceae (Cruciferae)
DipIotaxis tenuifoIia (L.) DC.
Common NamesLincoln's weed, sand rocket; German.
Schmalblttiger Doppelsame, Doppelrauke, Aus-
dauernde Rucola
Usagepot-herb (locally)
Parts Usedleaf
DistributionEurope
Alchele/Schwegler 3, l995, Lrhardt 2002, Taufel et al. l993
DIP7RYX Schreb. - 7onka ean -
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Dipteryx odorota (Aubl.) Villd.
SynonymsBaryosma longa Gaertn., Coumarouna odo-
rate Aubl.
Common Namestonka, tonka bean; Brazil (Portuguese).
cumaru, cumaru-amarelo, cumaru-doamazonas;
cumarurana, cumbaru, fves tonka, muimapag;
French. coumarouna, fve de Tonka, tonquin;
German. Tonkabohne; Russian. dipteriks
Usagespice, substitute for vanilla; favoring of snu
and liqueurs; QSPEVDU coumarin
Parts Usedseed
DistributionN Brazil, Venezuela, Malaya, Guyana, Su-
rinam
NoteSeed is strongly bitter, the odor strong aer cou-
marin; the coumarin is a carcinogenic substance
and is forbidden in foods in many countries. e
use of natural coumarin in food was banned in
the USA and other countries (e.g. Germany) in
1934.
8olsvert/Hubert 2000, Davldson l999, Duke et al. 2003, Lhlers et al.
l995, Lrhardt et al. 2002, Guzman/Slemonsma l999, Hanelt 200l,
Hayashl/Thompson l974, Hoppe l949, Kumar 200l, Lorenzl l992,
DiIIenia indica, fruiting
DIP7RYX Schreb. - 7onka 8ean - Iabaceae (Leguminosae)
00_Seidemann.indb 137 03.05.2005 8:54:21 Uhr
l38
D
Pound l938, Mors/Plzzlnl l96l, Mors et al. 2000, Nakano/Suarez
l969, Pursglove l968, Schrder l99l, Schultze-Motel l986, Selde-
mann l993c, l994, Seldemann/Slebert l987, Sulllvan l982, Taufel
et al. l993, Teuscher 2003, Uphof l968, wrner/Schreler l99l,
wustenfeld/Haensel l964, Zeven/de wet l982
Dipteryx oppositifoIia (Aubl.) Villd.
Taralea oppositifolia Aubl.
Dipteryx punctata (Blake) Amshoff
Common Namespointed tonka; German. Punktierte
Tonkabohne
Usagespice, like tonka bean
Parts Usedseed
DistributionNorthern S America: Venezuela, Colum-
bia, Caribbean
Hanelt 200l, Kumar 200l, Pursglove l974, Schultze-Motel l986,
Seldemann l993c
DISSD7IS enth. -
MeIastomataceae
Dissotis pIumosa (D. Don) Hook f.
SynonymsDissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana
Common Namesrock rose; German. Felsenrose
Usagespice for sauces, pot-herb
Parts Usedleaf
DistributionC and W Africa: Sierra Leone to Zaire,
Cameroon, Liberia
Ayensu l978, Lrhardt et al. 2002, Neuwlnger l998
Dissotis rotundifoIia (Sm.) Hook f.
Dissotis plumosa (D. Don) Hook
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greut.
Inula viscosa (L.) Ait.
Donacodes waIang Bl.
Etlingera walang (Bl.) R.M. Smith
DDRS7NIA L. -
Moraceae
Dorstenia contrajerva L.
SynonymsDorstenia houstonii L., Dorstenia maculata
Lem., Dorstenia quadrangularis Stokes
Common NamesTorn's herb, sanke wood; French.
herbe aux serpents, racine de charchis; German.
Dorstenie, Schlangenwurz; Mexico. barbadilla;
Spanish. contra hierba, contra de jorba, contra-
jerba
Usagefavoring
Parts Usedleaf, rhizome
DistributionBrazil, S Mexico, West Indies, Africa; Java,
Malaccas and in Africa and S America cultivated
locally
Dipteryx odorata, seeds
DISSO7IS 8enth. - MeIastomataceae
00_Seidemann.indb 138 03.05.2005 8:54:26 Uhr
l39
D
Notee leaves and rhizome powder are used for im-
proving the taste of cigarette tobacco.
8urkhlll l966, Hanelt 200l, Schultze-Motel l986
Dorstenia houstoni L.
Dorstenia contrajerva L.
Dorstenia macuIata Lem.
Dorstenia contrajerva L.
Dorstenia opifera Mart.
Common NamesBrazil (Portuguese). caapia
Usagefavoring of tobacco
Parts Usedrhizome
DistributionS America: Brazil
Kumar 200l
Dorystenia quadranguIaris Stokes
Dorystenia contrajerva L.
DDRYS7ACHAS oiss. -
Lamiaceae /Labiatae)
Dorystaechus hastata Boiss. et Heldr. ex Benth.
Common NamesTurkish lavender; German. Trkisch-
er Lavendel
Usagefavoring; QSPEVDU essential oil
Parts Usedherb
DistributionTurkey: Antalya; W Asia
8aer/zturk l992, Merllll/Merlll l986
DRACDCPHALUM L. - D's Head -
Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
DracocephaIum ibericum Bieb.
SynonymsLallemantia iberica (Bieb.) Fisch. et Mey.
Common NamesGerman. Iberischer Drachenkopf
Usagepot-herb (in Iran)
Parts Usedleaf
DistributionAsia Minor, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Syr-
ia, Palestine
Uphof l968
DracocephaIum mexicanum H.B.K.
Agastache mexicana (Kunth) Lint et Epling
DracocephaIum moIdavica L.
SynonymsMoldavica punctata Moench, Moldavica
suaveolens Gilib.;
Common NamesMoldavian balm, dragon's head;
Chinese. xiang qing lan; French. dracocphale
moldavique, tte-de-dragon; German. Moldawi-
scher Drachenkopf; Trkischer Drachenkopf,
Moldauischer Drachenpfeer, Trkische Melis-
se; Russian. melissa turezkaja, smeegolownik
moldawskij, drakonogolownik, sinjawka
Usagespice, favoring (liqueurs, worm wood wine, re-
freshment drinks)
Parts Usedleaf, herb
DistributionE Europe, especially Moldavia, C Alps, S
Siberia to Russian Far East, SW Asia, NW China
8ttcher/Gunther 2003, 8ols l934, Dudtschenko et al. l989, Lr-
hardt et al. 2002, Halasz-Zelenlk et al. l988, Hanelt 200l, Hlller/
Melzlg l999, Holm et al. l988a, b, Kakasy et al. 2002, Mlkus/Schaser
l995, Pank et al. l989, Pochl[obkln l974, l977, Povllaltyte/vensku-
tonls 2000, Povllaltyte et al. 200l, Poth/Kormann l997, Schultze-
Motel l986, Seldemann l993c, Seldemann/Slebert l987, Taufel et
al. l993, Teuscher 2003, wealth of |ndla 3, l952
DRACOCPHALUM L. - D's Head - Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
00_Seidemann.indb 139 03.05.2005 8:54:30 Uhr
l40
D
DRACDN7DMLDN I. -
Anacardiacea
DracontomeIon dao (Blanco) Merr. et Rolfe
SynonymsDracontomelon mangiferum (Blanco) Merr.
et Rolfe; Dracontomelon sylvestre Bl.
Common Namesargus pheasant; Chinese yan min,
yan mien chi; Dutch. drakeboom; German.
Drachenapfel; Malaysian. asam kuang, sengkoe-
wang; Pilipino. dao, batuan, kamarak, maliyau
Usagespice, favoring curries
Parts Usedfruit, leaf, fower
DistributionAsia: S China, Hong Kong; Myanmar,
ailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines
Notee lemon-like taste is very sour.
8urklll l985, Hanelt 200l, Schultze-Motel l986, Seldemann l993c,
Tlgga/Sreekumar l996, Uphof l968, wealth of |ndla 3, l952
DracantomeIon mangiferum (Blanco) Merr.
et Rolfe
Dracantomelon dao Bl.
DracantomeIon syIvestre Bl.
Dracantomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. et Rolfe
DRIMYS 1.R. Forst. et C. Forst. - Winter's
ark - Winteraceae (MagnoIiaceae)
Drimys aromatica F. v. Muell.
Drimys lanceolata (Poir.) Baill.
Drimys IanceoIata (Poir.) Baill.
SynonymsDrimys aromatica F. v. Muell., Tasmannia
lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Sm.
Common Namespepper tree, Australian pepper tree,
mountain pepper, Tasmania pepper; German.
Pfeerbaum, Tasmaniapfeer
Usagespice, like black pepper (pepper substitute);
leaf: favoring
Parts Usedfruit
DistributionAustralia: NS Wales, Victoria, Tasmania
Notee leaves of this plant also have a hot taste.
Lrhardt et al. 2002, Mabberley l997, Pead/Menary 200l, Uphof
l968, wlersema/Leon l999
Drimys winteri j.R. Forst. et G. Forst.
SynonymsVinterana aromatica Desc.
Common Namesdrimys bark, Winter's bark, Magelha-
nisian caneel; Brazil (Portuguese). canela-amarga,
casca-d'anta, cataia, melambo, paratudo, pau-
para-tudo; French. Canelle de Magellan; German.
Bei-Canelo, Chilenischer Canelo, Karibischer
Zimt, Magelhanischer Zimt, Winter's-Rinde;
Mexico. yaga yia
Usagespice
Parts Usedbark
DistributionChile to Cape Horn, S Argentina
Notee bark introduced by Captain John Winter
1378.
8erger l, l949, 8ols l934, Cortes/Oyarzun l98l, Lrhardt et al. 2002,
Hager 4, l992, Hlller/melzlg l999, Hoffmann et al. l992, Hoppe
l949, Lorenzl l992, Mors et al. 2000, Patsch l998, Seldemann
l993c, Teuscher 2003, Uphof l968, wustenfeld/Haensel l964
DRYP7S VahI -
uphorbiaceae
Drypetes aubreviIIei Leandri
Common Namespepper bark, pepper stick, sting pep-
per; German. Pfeerrinde
Usagespice (rarely)
Parts Usedbark
DistributionW Africa: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory
Coast
Notee bark has a peppery taste.
8urklll 2, l994
DRACON7OMLON 8I. - Anacardiacea
00_Seidemann.indb 140 03.05.2005 8:54:34 Uhr
l4l
D
Drypetes paxii Hutch
Usagespice (rarely)
Parts Usedbark
DistributionW Africa: S Nigeria, W Cameroon and on
to Gabun
Notee bark has a peppery taste.
8urklll 2, l994
Drypetes peIIegrinii Leandri
Usagespice (rarely)
Parts Usedbark
DistributionW Africa: Ivory Coast and Ghana
Notee bark has a spicy taste.
8urklll 2, l994
Drimys winteri, fIowering
DYSDXYLUM I. -
MeIiaceae
DysoxyIum aIIiaceum (Bl.) Bl.
SynonymsDysoxylum costulatum (Miq.) Miq., Dysox-
ylum euphlebium Merr., Dysoxylum thyrsoideum
Hiern.
Usagefavoring
Parts Usedyoung leaves (cooked)
DistributionAndaman Islands, ailand, Indonesia,
Malaysian Archipelago, N Australia, Solomon Is-
lands, S Vietnam
NoteAll parts smell strongly of onions.
Guzman/Slemonsma l999, Terra l966
DysoxyIum costuIatum (Miq.) Miq.
Dysoxylum alliaceum (Bl.) Bl.
DysoxyIum euphIebium Merr.
Dysoxylum alliaceum (Bl.) Bl.
DysoxyIum thyrsoideum Hiern.
Dysoxylum alliaceum (Bl.) Bl.
DYSOXYLUM 8I. - MeIiaceae
00_Seidemann.indb 141 03.05.2005 8:54:40 Uhr