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o
o
.
. =
Where:
f
ck
: characteristic value of the compressive strength.
: reduce compressive strength under long term loading (=0.85).
c
: partial safety factor (=1.5).
Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli
For the steel reinforcement, a bilinear stress-strain relationship is considered:
s
yk
yd
f
f
=
Where:
f
yd
: design yield strength.
f
yk
: characteristic yield strength.
s
: material safety factor (=1.15).
Design stress-strain curves of constitutive materials at ULS
0.35% 0.20%
Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli
The tensile stress-strain behavior of the FRP for ULS
verification can be idealized by means of a linear response, defined as:
fd f fu f
f E s = c o .
Where:
f
fk
fd
f
f
=
Where:
f
: FRP material safety factor (=1.20 to 1.50).
fuk
fk
fu
f
E
c
=
and E
fu
is the modulus of elasticity at ultimate, based on the characteristic
values of the FRP tensile strength and ultimate strain.
Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli
FRP
Repair with
reinforcement
Beam/One-Way Slab Strengthening
ISIS EC Module 4
Resistance Factors
Material Bridge Building
Steel
|
S
=0.90 |
S
=0.85
Concrete
|
C
=0.75 |
C
=0.6
FRP
|
frp
= 0.75
|
frp
= 0. 50
Carbon
Glass
Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli
b) Bond failure
Assuming proper application of the FRP
and the use of suitable materials,
the bond failure will normally occur in the concrete.
In the ULS verification, reference will be made to the design tensile or
shear strength of the concrete, by introducing a material safety factor:
5 . 1 =
cb
fu,c
: the FRP strain in the critical section at ultimate.
0
: initial strain prior to strengthening.
Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli
Minimum strain in steel reinforcement at ultimate:
for concrete types C35/45 or lower:
0043 . 0
,
>
c su
c
for concrete types higher than C35/45:
0065 . 0
,
>
c su
c
Where
su,c
is the steel strain in the critical section at ultimate.