B.

E PROJECT

GSM Based
Industrial Monitor
Mohammed Adil Akram

13

Contents
i. ii. iii. iv. Abstract Acknowledgement List of figures List of tables 7 12

Chapter 1.Introduction Chapter 2.Literature and survey 2.1 project survey 2.2 competing GSM with SCADA Chapter 3.Proposed technology 3.1 Block description 3.2 What is GSM 3.3 What is PIC Microcontroller Chapter 4.Hardware And Software Design 4.1 Circuit Simulation 4.2 Program 4.3 Temperature Sensor 4.4 GSM Modem Chapter5. Results Chapter 6.Conclusion and Recommendations Chapter 7.Future scope and Applications Chapter 8.Datasheets Chapter 9.Bibliography

19 20 21 22 25 25

26 31

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(i) ABSTRACT

The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies to the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate his/her ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an idea or a concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software), but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from the previous ones in one respect or the other. With the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of ENGINEERING (Electronics), have taken up the SMS BASED INDUSTRIAL MONITOR as our final year project. Automated monitoring systems are a useful addition to todays industries where safety is an important issue. Industrial monitoring systems have the advantage of being easy to set up, inexpensive and non-obtrusive. Industrial monitoring system is for detecting an unwanted condition in motor operations. Industrial monitoring system has a SMS service to inform the user about the current conditions of the motor.

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(ii) Acknowledgement

EDUCATION IS THE ALREADY IN MAN.

MANIFESTATION

OF

PERFECTION

SWAMI VIVEKANAND

We did have faith in this gospel preached by Swamiji. But it was our project, which made us understand it in real sense. Our project, at every step, made us think a lot and showed us the way of interlinking theoretical knowledge with practical implementation. We do not claim that we have invented a big thing, but we only want to mention that this project has given as a feel of self satisfaction. First, we would like to express our best regards to our project guide Prof. MR.PRADEEP YADAV, whose valuable guidance, encouragement, and provision of necessary facilities made this work possible. We are also thankful to our respected Head of the Department Prof. MR.RAEES AHMED whose help and shared knowledge was the main support to complete our project Our special thanks to our project coordinator Prof. MR.VIJAY GHANOKAR who helped us a lot through the problems we came across. We are absolutely grateful to all nonteaching staff for their assistance which is key factor behind our success. Our special thanks to a dear friend MOHAMMED SAALIM ANSARI who helped us unconditionally in this project without whom this achievement would not have been realizable. Finally we offer our great thanks and regards to our family for their support which helped us through the difficulty and hardships of life to earn this achievement.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure no Name of figure Page no

3.1

Block diagram

3.2

Architecture of GSM network

3.1.2

Pic18 pin configuration

3.1.3

Pic18 architecture

4.1.1

Simulation on software

4.1.2

Program

4.2.1

Resistive voltage divider

4.3.1

Lm35

4.4.1

Top view of GSM

4.4.2

SIM card interface

4.4.3

GSM to max 232 and PIC connection

4.4.4

GSM to 3G technology

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LIST OF TABLES

Table no

Name of table

Page no

2.1

GSM and SCADA

3.1

GSM characteristics

4.4.1

Select SMS message format

4.4.2

Read SMS message

4.4.3

Delete SMS message

5.1.1

Output

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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

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Introduction
The microcontroller Monitor the Industrial parameter. Voltage transformer is used to monitor the voltage, then it given the voltage signals to precession rectifier unit in which converted into analog voltage and given to ADC. ADC is nothing but analog to digital converter which converts the incoming analog signals to digital data and given to micro controller. Similarly current is monitored by current transformer then it will give to shunt resistor the shunt resistor convert voltage level and given to precession rectifier unit. Then its given to ADC. The ADC is convert into digital Signal and given to Micro controller. The temperature is monitored by thermister and Converters into digital Signal and given to Micro controller. The speed is measure by speed sensor. Speed sensor is nothing but proximity sensor which detects the metals. The metal plate is attached in the motor shaft. So whenever the metals cross the proximity it generates the pulse and given to micro controller all the parameters monitored and its transmitted to another mobile. Here the Micro controller may be Atmel or PIC Micro Controller both is flash type reprogrammable micro controller they can interface with Mobile. To Interface the micro controller to Mobile we need level converter which current TTL compatible voltage level to RS232 voltage level.

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Chapter 2

Literature and survey

2.1 PROJECT SURVEY 2.2 GSM COMPETING WITH SCADA

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2.1 PROJECT SURVEY

EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES
Majority of the companies in INDIA have not implemented Automation practices in industry. Except few large industries majority of the companies cannot afford to invest huge amount of money in the existing costly setups to meet the requirements of Industrial Automation. Existing methods widely use the following technologies to communicate the information from one end to the other end of the company. Using Bluetooth -- But it is limited to short range. Using Zigbee / IEEE802.15.4 -- Range is up to only few Kms maximum. Using Wi-Fi -- Requires costly equipment setup and high power consumption. All the methods discussed above are quite expensive and complex to implement and not very reliable. The availability of information at various nodes simultaneously is not achieved.

2.1.1 Bluetooth Technology

Bluetooth Technology is a radio frequency (RF)-based, short-range connectivity technology that promises to change the face of computing and wireless communication. It is designed to be an inexpensive, wireless networking system for all classes of portable devices. The projected cost of the Radio chip was around $5. A complete Bluetooth system will require these elements: An RF portion for receiving and transmitting data includes short-range radio transceiver, an external antenna, and a clock reference (required for synchronization) A module with a baseband microprocessor Memory An interface to the host device (such as a mobile phone) Its normal range of operation is 10m (at 1mW transmit power) and can be increased up to 100m by increasing the transmit power to 100mW. The system operate in unlicensed 2.4 GHz frequency band, hence it can be used worldwide without any licensing issues. It provides an aggregate bit rate of approximately 1Mbps.

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2.1.2 Zigbee Technology

The Zigbee radio specification designed for low cost and power consumption than Bluetooth. The specification is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The radio operates in the same ISM band as Bluetooth and is capable of connecting 255 devices per network. The specification supports data rates of up to 250Kbps at a range of up to 30m. These data rates are slower than Bluetooth, but in exchange the radio consumes significantly with low power with a large transmission range. The goal of Zigbee is to provide radio operation for months or years without recharging, thereby targeting applications such as sensor networks and inventory tags. The beauty of Zigbee is that devices from different manufacturers will be able to work together, as long as all are compliant to the standard. It has been suggested that the name evokes the haphazard paths that bees follow as they harvest pollen, similar to the way packets would move through a mesh network. Zigbee is standardized at two levels the radio chips must follow certain design rules, and the protocol layers that actually make the network function are defined and controlled by the Zigbee Alliance. Advantages are: Reliable and self healing, Supports large number of nodes, Easy to deploy, Very long battery life, Secure and Low cost.

2.1.3 Wi-Fi Technology

Wi-Fi is the name given by the Wi-Fi Alliance to the IEEE 802.11 suite of standards. 802.11 defined the initial standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs). But because of its costly equipment setup and high power consumption this technology is not preferred.

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2.2 GSM COMPETING WITH SCADA

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are currently widely used in unmanned substations. The systems use wired communication mode including setting up cables or fiber-optic cables or renting telephone lines or ADSL from China Telecommunication Corporations. However, it is not feasible to build SCADA systems for prefabricated substations, because of the great difficulties to setting up wired network to the remote areas and the high operating and construction cost.

Scope Advantages

GSM

SCADA

Cost Saving-using public GSM network instead Higher reliability of data of setting up cables or renting specialized transmission. telephone lines. More developed

Smart-microprocessor based monitoring technology for centralized system can function as self-diagnosis and system control. automatic alarm. Mobility-cell phones can function as mobile controllers to receive alarm and status data and to send simple commands. Easy for Expansion-a newly built prefabsubstation can be monitored by just installing a microprocessor-based device with a GSM/GPRS module on it. Communication quality depends on the public Long construction period Disadvantages GSM network traffic. and high construction cost. The Centralized administration system in Cannot be monitored by control station still needs future development. mobile devices.

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Applications

Suitable for small-size substation distributed in Suitable for large scale wide areas power distribution system with a very substations. large RTU number capacity.

Table 2.1: Comparing GSM with SCADA system Also, most SCADA systems only function as the data detection and transmission. The data processing and fault diagnosis will be done in control center. So when using SCADA systems, the substations cannot be controlled by mobile controllers.

The GSM network that is run by China Mobile Communication Corp. provides reliable communication quality with nationwide coverage. Short message service (SMS) that is ideal for intermittent small packet data transmission has now become the most widely used value added service based upon GSM standard. Meanwhile, the decreasing cost of GSM network devices such as mobile phones and GSM module has made them an attractive option for other wireless communication applications. By utilizing GSM SMS and assigning a unique address (SIM card number) to each remote control unit, data and commands can be transmitted in the wireless communication network. This paper presents design and implementation of a distributed monitoring and centralized controlling system for prefabricated substations. The system completely meets the demand of low cost and high level automation by introducing the microprocessor based RTUs and mobile communication technology. GPRS supports worlds leading packet based internet protocols that makes highly efficient use of radio spectrum and enables high data speed. It enables any exiting IP or X.25 application to operate over a GSM cellular connection. Its data speed varies from 115Kbps to 117Kbps but it is likely to average at 56Kbps. It was developed to enable GSM operators to meet the following key features:

It is a step towards 3G. Higher bandwidth and therefore data speed. Seamless, immediate and continues connection to the internetalways on-line. New text and visual data content services. Packet switched rather than circuit switched which enable higher radio spectrum efficiency.

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Chapter 3 Proposed technology

3.1 Block description 3.2 What is GSM? 3.3What is PIC Microcontroller

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3.1 BLOCK DESCRIPTION

In this Project an attempt has been made to develop a GSM (Global System for Mobil communication) based industrial Automation system. Using the public GSM networks, an industrial automation system has been proposed, designed, implemented and tested. The design of a stand-alone embedded system that can monitor and control various process and equipment and critical systems locally using built-in input and output peripherals is presented. Remotely, the system allows the various authorities monitoring and controlling the critical parameters via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and receiving the process status. The GSM modem provides the communication media between the Authority and the system by means of SMS messages. The system software driver is also developed using an interactive C programming language platform.

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Fig no: 3.1

3.1.1 Basic Principle

Micro controller is interfaced with sensors, actuators and with GSM modem. PIC controller is programmed with the default control algorithm. The sensor information processed by the controller can be rooted to the users by power on controllers sends status SMS to predefined numbers User can update the control algorithm by sending an SMS. User can get the status and change mode also by sending SMS. Modem performs the operation and gives acknowledgment message to the user. Micro controller is interfaced with sensors like Temperature, voltage, current, speed sensors. The basic idea of these sensors is to monitor the parameters of various systems. For example monitoring the boiler performance in a thermal / Nuclear power plant can be done by using Temperature of the boiler. If any increase in the temperature of the system beyond the threshold has been recorded, the controller is instructed to initiate a corrective action. At the initial phase the controller will send an SMS to the authorized user. Based on the information received the user can initiate the corrective action. In the above case the temperature can be brought down by controlling the heat input. The same instruction will be initiated by the user. After receiving the corrective command, the controller will activate the necessary modules to reduce the heat input. The basic functionality of the smoke sensors is to control the parameters of the process based on the external parameters and uncontrolled combustion happening, because of the malfunction and break down of certain combustion process.

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3.2 WHAT IS GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1,800 MHz frequency band. GSM is an international digital cellular telecommunication. The GSM standard was released by ETSI (European Standard Telecommunication Standard) back in 1989. In less than ten years since the first GSM network was commercially launched, it become, the worlds leading and fastest growing mobile standard, spanning over 190 countries.

Mobile Frequency Range Multiple Access Method Duplex Method Number of Channels Channel Spacing Modulation Channel Bit Rate

RX: 925-960; TX: 880-915 TDMA/FDM FDD 124 (8 users per channel) 200kHz GMSK (0.3 Gaussian Filter) 270.833Kb Table 3.1: GSM characteristics

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to deliver high quality and secure mobile voice and data services (such as SMS/ Text Messaging) with full roaming capabilities across the world using digital modulation. It is known as 2G digital which has a maximum data speed of 9.6Kbps and is based on circuit switched technology and provides short message service (SMS). The GSM network can be divided into three broad parts. The subscriber carries the Mobile Station. The Base Station Subsystem controls the radio link with the Mobile Station. The Network Subsystem, the main part of which is the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC),
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performs the switching of calls between the mobile users, and between mobile and fixed network users. The MSC also handles the mobility management operations. The Mobile Station and the Base Station Subsystem communicate across the Um interface, also known as the air interface or radio link. The Base Station Subsystem communicates with the Mobile services Switching Center across the A interface.

Figure

3.2:

General

architecture

of

GSM

network

The GSM standard provides a common set of compatible services and capabilities to all mobile users across Europe and several million customers worldwide. The basic requirements of GSM have been described in five aspects. Services The system shall provide service portability, i.e., mobile stations or mobile phones can be used in all participating countries. The system shall offer services that exist in the wire line network as well as services specific to mobile communications. In addition to vehicle- mounted stations, the system shall provide service to Mss used by pedestrians and /or on board ships.

Quality of Services and Security The quality for voice telephony of GSM shall be at least as good as the previous analog systems over the practical operating range. The system shall be capable of offering information
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encryption without significantly affecting the costs to users who do not require such facility.

Radio Frequency Utilization The system shall permit a high level of spectrum efficiency and state-of-the-art subscriber facilities. The system shall be capable of operating in the entire allocated frequency band, and co-exist with the earlier systems in the same frequency band. Network The identification and numbering plans shall be based on relevant ITU recommendations. An international standardized signaling system shall be used for switching and mobility management. The existing fixed public networks should not be significantly modified. Cost The system parameters shall be chosen with a view to limiting the cost of the complete system, in particular the Mss.

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3.3 WHAT IS PIC MICRO CONTROLLER?

When developing more complex projects, there is often a need for additional peripheral units, such as operational and instrument amplifiers, filters, timers, digital logic circuits, AD and DA converters, etc. As a general rule, implementation of the extra peripherals brings in additional difficulties: new components take space, require additional attention during production of a printed circuit board, and increase power consumption... All of these factors can significantly affect the price and development cycle of the project. The introduction of PIC microcontrollers has made many engineers dream come true of having all their project needs covered in one chip.

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3.1.1 Pic18 microcontroller overview

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3.1.2 Pic18 pin configuration

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3.1.3 Architecture of pic18

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Chapter 4

Hardware and Software design

4.1 Simulation on software 4.2 Program 4.3Voltage Divider 4.4 Temperature Sensor 4.5 GSM Modem

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4.1 Simulation on software

Fig 4.1.1

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4.2 Program:
#pragma config WDT=OFF #include<p18f458.h> #define ldata PORTD #define rs PORTBbits.RB4 #define en PORTBbits.RB5 #define motor PORTBbits.RB0 unsigned int hextodec(unsigned int temp); //void display(unsigned int ); void cmd(unsigned char); void data1(unsigned char); void delay(unsigned char); void lcdinit(void); void display3(unsigned int value,unsigned char t,unsigned char s,unsigned char s1); void setrx(unsigned char); void msg(unsigned char meseg[]); //void delay(unsigned char); void array(unsigned char a[]); unsigned char size(void); void adc(void); void rs_isr(void); void chk_isr(void); #pragma code high_priority=0x08

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void high_priority(void)

{ _asm GOTO chk_isr _endasm } #pragma code #pragma interrupt chk_isr void chk_isr(void) { if(PIR1bits.RCIF==1) rs_isr(); } unsigned char k=0,sz,c1[]="AT",c2[]="at+cmgf=1",c3[]="at+cmgs=",no1[]="7738924214",c4[]="atd",b[]="RI NG",msg2[]="ACTIVATED",msg3[]="DEACTIVATED"; unsigned char V[10]="V= . V",C[10]="C= . A",T[10]="T= *C";

void main() { unsigned int t,q,r,f[2],i,lv,hv,llv,hhv,d=0; unsigned char tem; unsigned long temp; unsigned char msg1[]="saalim"; motor=1;
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TRISB=0x00; TRISD=0x00; TRISAbits.TRISA0=1; TRISAbits.TRISA1=1; TRISAbits.TRISA2=1; lcdinit(); TXSTA=0x20; TRISCbits.TRISC6=0; TRISCbits.TRISC7=1; TRISBbits.TRISB0=0; SPBRG=15; TXSTAbits.TXEN=1; RCSTAbits.SPEN=1; RCSTAbits.CREN=1; PIE1bits.RCIE=1; INTCONbits.PEIE=1; INTCONbits.GIE=1; sz=size(); ADCON1=0xc3; while(1) {

//******************************voltmeter*********************************** ADCON0=0x81; delay(1);

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ADCON0bits.GO=1; while(ADCON0bits.DONE==1); { llv=ADRESL; hhv=ADRESH; temp=(hhv<<8)|llv;

r=0; q=0; if(temp!=0) { temp=temp*12; q=temp/400; r=temp%400; i=0; while(r!=0 && i<2) { r=r*10; f[i]=r/400; r=r%400; i++; } q=hextodec(q); f[0]=f[0]<<4; r=(f[1]|f[0]);
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} cmd(0x82); display3(q,2,0,0); data1('.'); display3(r,2,0,1); data1('v'); delay(1); } //******************************current************************************ cmd(0xc2); delay(1); ADCON0=0x91; delay(1); ADCON0bits.GO=1; while(ADCON0bits.DONE==1); { llv=(ADRESL>>2)& 0x3f; hhv=(ADRESH<<6)& 0xc0; temp=hhv|llv; temp=hextodec(temp); cmd(0xc2); temp=hhv|llv; r=0; q=0;

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if(temp!=0) { temp=temp*1000; q=temp/47; q=hextodec(q); } cmd(0xc2); r=(q&0xf000)>>12; display3(r,1,1,0); data1('.'); display3(q,3,1,1); data1('A'); delay(1); }

//****************************temperature******************************

cmd(0x8b); delay(1); ADCON0=0x89; delay(1); ADCON0bits.GO=1; while(ADCON0bits.DONE==1);

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{ llv=(ADRESL>>2)& 0x3f; hhv=((ADRESH<<6)&0xc0); temp=(llv|hhv); //temp=150; temp=hextodec(temp); display3(temp,3,2,0); data1('*'); delay(1); data1('C'); } if(d<3) { d++; } if(d==1) { adc(); }

} }

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unsigned int hextodec(unsigned int temp) { unsigned int d0,d1,d2,d3,x1,x2,dec; x1=temp/100; x2=temp%100; d0=(x2%10); d1=(x2/10)<<4; d2=(x1%10)<<8; d3=(x1/10)<<12; dec=(d0|d1|d2|d3); return(dec); }

void cmd(unsigned char value) { rs=0; PORTD=value; en=1; delay(1); en=0; } void data1(unsigned char value) { rs=1; PORTD=value;
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en=1; delay(1); en=0; } void delay(unsigned char itime) { unsigned int i,j; for(i=0;i<itime;i++) for(j=0;j<1275;j++); } //*****************************initialize lcd****************** void lcdinit(void) { cmd(0x38); delay(1); cmd(0x0c); delay(1); cmd(0x01); delay(1); cmd(0x80); delay(1); data1('V'); delay(1); data1('='); delay(1);
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cmd(0xc0); delay(1); data1('I'); delay(1); data1('='); delay(1);

cmd(0x89); delay(1); data1('T'); delay(1); data1('='); delay(1); }

void display3(unsigned int value,unsigned char t,unsigned char s,unsigned char s1) { unsigned char f[6],i,j,z; for(i=4*(t-1),j=0;j<t;i=i-4,j++) { f[j]=value>>i; f[j]=f[j]&0x000f; data1(0x30+f[j]); delay(1); if(s==2)
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{ T[j+2]=(f[j]+0x30); } else if(s==0) { if(s1==0) { V[j+2]=f[j]+0x30; } else { V[j+5]=f[j]+0x30; } } else if(s==1) { if(s1==0) { C[j+2]=f[j]+0x30; } else { C[j+4]=f[j]+0x30; } }
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} } void setrx(unsigned char i) { while(PIR1bits.TXIF==0); TXREG=i; }

//*********************************************delay*************************** ****

void array(unsigned char a[]) { unsigned char i=0; while(a[i]!='\0') { setrx(a[i]); i++; } }

//*************************checking RING***********************// void rs_isr(void) { if(b[k]==RCREG)

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k++; else k=0; if(k==sz) {

motor=~motor; adc(); if(motor==1)

msg(msg2); //delay(3000); else msg(msg3); k=0;

} }

void adc(void) { array(c1); setrx(0x0d); delay(2000); array(c2);

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setrx(0x0d); delay(2000); array(c3); setrx(0x22); array(no1); setrx(0x22); setrx(0x0d); delay(2000); array(T); setrx(0x0d); array(V); setrx(0x0d); array(C); setrx(0x3b); //semicolon setrx(0x1a); //cntrl+z delay(2000); setrx(0x0d); } void msg(unsigned char meseg[]) { array(c1); setrx(0x0d); delay(2000); array(c2); setrx(0x0d);
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//space 0x20;

delay(2000); array(c3); setrx(0x22); array(no1); setrx(0x22); setrx(0x0d); delay(2000); array(meseg); setrx(0x3b); //semicolon setrx(0x1a); //cntrl+z delay(2000); setrx(0x0d); } //space 0x20;

unsigned char size(void) { unsigned char s=0; while(b[s]!=0) { s++; } return(s); }

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4.3 Voltage Divider

In electronics or EET, a voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a linear circuit that produces an output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin). Voltage division refers to the partitioning of a voltage among the components of the divider. An example of a voltage divider consists of two resistors in series or a potentiometer. It is commonly used to create a reference voltage, or to get a low voltage signal proportional to the voltage to be measured, and may also be used as a signal attenuator at low frequencies. For direct current and relatively low frequencies, a voltage divider may be sufficiently accurate if made only of resistors; where frequency response over a wide range is required, (such as in an oscilloscope probe), the voltage divider may have capacitive elements added to allow compensation for load capacitance. In electric power transmission, a capacitive voltage divider is used for measurement of high voltage. General case A voltage divider referenced to ground is created by connecting two electrical impedances in series, as shown in Figure 1. The input voltage is applied across the series impedances Z1 and Z2 and the output is the voltage across Z2. Z1 and Z2 may be composed of any combination of elements such as resistors, inductors and capacitors. Applying Ohm's Law, the relationship between the input voltage, Vin, and the output voltage, Vout, can be found:

Proof:

The transfer function (also known as the divider's voltage ratio) of this circuit is simply:

In general this transfer function is a complex, rational function of frequency.

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Example Resistive divider

Figure 4.2.1: Simple resistive voltage divider A resistive divider is the case where both impedances, Z1 and Z2, are purely resistive (Figure 2). Substituting Z1 = R1 and Z2 = R2 into the previous expression gives:

If R1 = R2 then

If Vout=6V and Vin=9V (both commonly used voltages), then:

and by solving using algebra, R2 must be twice the value of R1. To solve for R1:

To solve for R2:

Any ratio between 0 and 1 is possible. That is, using resistors alone it is not possible to either invert the voltage or increase Vout above Vin.

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4.4 Temperature Sensor

LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of 14C at room temperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C range (10 with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package. Features

Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor 0.5C accuracy (at +25C) Rated for full 55 to +150C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4 to 30 volts Less than 60 A current drain Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air Nonlinearity only 14C typical

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Fig 4.3.1

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4.5 GSM Modem

4.4.1 GSM MODEM
GSM Architecture In this architecture, a mobile station (MS) communicates with a base station system (BSS) through the radio interface. The BSS is connected to the network and switching subsystem (NSS) by communicating with a mobile switching center (MSC) using the A interface

Mobile Station The (MS) consists of two parts: the subscriber identity module (SIM) and the mobile equipment (ME). In a border definition, the MS also includes a third part called terminal equipment (TE), which can be a PDA or Pc connected to the ME. In this case, the first two parts i.e., ME and SIM are called the mobile terminal (MT). A SIM can be A smart card that usually has the size of a credit card. A smaller sized plug-in SIM". A smart card that can be performed, which contains a plug-in SIM that can be broken out of it. The SIM is protected by a personal identity number (PIN) of length between four to eight digits. The PIN is loaded by the network operator at the subscription time. This PIN can be deactivated or changed by the user. To use the MS, the user is asked to enter the PIN. If the number is not correctly entered in three consecutive times, the SIM is blocked and therefore the MS cannot be used. To unblock the SIM, the user is asked to enter the 8-digit PIN Unblocking Key (PUK). A SIM contains the subscriber-related information including the PIN and PUK codes. The subscriber- related data also include a list of abbreviated and customized dialing numbers, short messages received when the subscriber is not present, and names of preferred network stop provide service, and soon. Parts of the SIM information can be modified by the subscriber either by using the keypad of an MS or a personal computer using an RS232 connection.

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GSM

Modem

--

SIM300 Figure 4.4.1: EVB top view

Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz SIM300 features GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85mm , SIM300 can fit almost all the space requirements in our applications, such as smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile devices. In this hardware SIM300 is only interfaced with RS232, Regulated power Supply 4.0V SIM Tray Antenna with LED indications. A: SIM300 module interface B: SIM card interface C: headset interface D: Download switch, turn on or off download function E: VBAT switch, switch the voltage source from the adaptor or external battery F: PWRKEY key, turn on or turn off SIM300
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G: RESET key H: expand port, such as keypad port, main and debug serial port, display port I: MAIN serial port for downloading, AT command transmitting, data exchanging J: DEBUG serial port K: hole for fixing the antenna L: source adapter interface M: light N: buzzer O: headphones interface P: hole for fixing the SIM300

Figure 4.4.2: SIM card interface

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4.4.2 AT COMMANDS
Some AT commands used in project:

Table 4.4.1: Select SMS Message Format

Table 4.4.2: Read SMS message

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Table4.4.3: Delete SMS message

Circuit

Diagram

Figure

4.4.3: GSM

to

MAX

232

and

PIC

connection

In the above circuit PIN 11 and PIN 12 of MAX 232 are connected to pins P2.7 and P1.6 of PSOC chip, respectively

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Chapter 5 Results

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5.1. RESULT
The following are the outputs of temperature sensor, voltage sensor. current sensor and relay displayed in the user mobile.

USER MODULES TEMPERATURE SENSOR Voltage SENSOR Current SENSOR RELAY ON RELAY OFF Table 5.1.1: Output

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 0 to 125C 2.5V for 30V input

Motor activated Motor deactivated

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Chapter 6 Conclusions and recommendations

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6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDATION

6.1 CONCLUSION
The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various aspects related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic equipments and communication. We became familiar with software analysis, designing, implementation, testing and maintenance concerned with our project.

In this Critical sensor monitoring, authentication is commanding the system and wireless network are the challenges faced by the industries such as nuclear plants and power plants. The one wire protocol used for the temperature sensor helps for sensing temperature over a large area. As the user operates the system by a secret code the authorization problem has been solved. The GSM network used helps in controlling the system from a distant area. The microcontroller used helps in interfacing many input/output devices at a time. These extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any electrical devices.

The end product will have a simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with. This will be essential because of the wide range of technical knowledge that homeowners have.

6.2 RECOMMANDATION
This project is a small implication of our concept in automating and monitoring a system. The practical applications of this project are immense and can have vast level of implementation. This small concept can be used in fields such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, robotics, aeronautics, home automation, and many other related fields where continuous monitoring and regulation is needed. So this is not the end of the project but rather is a step towards exploring other possibilities that it brings with it.

We recommend this project, which has tremendous application and possibilities. The project work in the fact gives a lot of confidence to fight out in this challenging world.

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Chapter 7 Future Scope and Applications

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7. FUTURE SCOPE AND APPLICATIONS

7.1 FUTURE SCOPE
The PIC microcontroller can be used for implementation of more complex systems for complex tasks like controlling different systems like nuclear plants and reactors in the industry. It can also be used in the system where there is a need of instrumentation, inverting and non inverting amplifiers.

The project we have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to be implemented in other projects of greater level such as weather forecasting, temperature updates, device synchronization, etc. The project itself can be modified to achieve a complete Home Automation System which will then create a platform for the user to interface between himself and his household.

GPRS
General packet Radio service (GPRS) is a packet-based data bearer service for wireless communication services that is delivered as a network overlay for GSM,CDMA and TDMA networks. It applies a packet radio principle to transfer user data packet in an efficient way between GSM mobile station and external packet data networks. Packet switching is where data is split into packets that are transmitted separately and then reassembled at the receiving end.

GPRS supports worlds leading packet based internet protocols that makes highly efficient use of radio spectrum and enables high data speed. It enables any exiting IP or X.25 application to operate over a GSM cellular connection. Its data speed varies from 115Kbps to 117Kbps but it is likely to average at 56Kbps.

It was developed to enable GSM operators to meet the following key features:

It is a step towards 3G Technology. Higher bandwidth and therefore data speed. Seamless, immediate and continues connection to the internetalways on-line.
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New text and visual data content services. Packet switched rather than circuit switched which enable higher radio spectrum efficiency.

Figure 7.1: GSM to 3G technology

7.2 APPLICATIONS
Industrial sensor processing and control. Remote operation of industrial appliances. Modified version can be used for weather monitoring, temperature updates, device synchronization, etc. This project can be implemented in Home Automation System also.

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Bibliography

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Wikipedia - The free encyclopedia 2. http://www.8051projects.info/ 3. http://www.instructables.com/ 4 .Electronics For You Magazine, Edition (July 2008) 5. Electronics For You Magazine, Edition (June 2003) 6. http://www.alldatasheet.com/ 7. http://www.datasheet4u.co/ 8. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/

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