Code No: R5210305 1

II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009

THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What do you understand by path function and point function?

(b) State
R whether
R the following
R quantities are
R point functions or path functions? Explain briefly. (i)
pdv (ii) vdp (iii) (pdv+vdp) and (iv) dv [6+10]
2. (a) Write the steady flow energy equation and point out the significance of various terms involved.
(b) Air at 1 bar pressure, 290 K temperature flows steadily at the rate of 120 m3 /hr into a compressor
where its pressure and temperature are respectively raised to 15 bar and 390 K. During the
compression process, the heat transfer from the compressor is 10 percent of work transfer from
the machine. Neglecting changes in K.E and P.E., evaluate work and heat interactions. Take for
air Cp=1.005 KJ/Kg-K and R = 0.287 KJ/Kg-K. [6+10]
3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.
(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of 600 K and 300 K. If
the engine receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work done and thermal efficiency of the engine.
[6+2+8]
4. (a) Explain entropy of evaporation?
(b) Find the enthalpy and entropy of steam when the pressure is 2 MPa and the specific volume is
0.09m3 /Kg [7+9]
5. 1 kg of air at 1.2 bar pressure and 180 C is compressed isentropic ally to 7 bars. Find the final
temperature and the work done. If the air is cooled at the upper pressure to the original temperature
of 180 C ,what amount of heat is rejected and what further work of compression is done. [16]
6. (a) The gravimetric analysis of a gaseous mixture follows C02 is15%, O2 is8%andN2 is77%. Determine
i. The volumetric analysis
ii. Molecular weight.
iii. The gas constant for the mixture.
(b) Air has dry bulb temperature 270 C and wet bulb temperature of 200 C .The barometer reads 1
bar, calculate
i. The humidity ratio
ii. The relative humidity
iii. Dew point temperature
iv. The enthalpy of the mixture per kg of dry air. [8+8]
7. (a) What is the simplest way by which an IC engine cycle can be analyzed? Do IC engines operate
on a thermodynamic cycle? What is the use of air standard cycle analysis?
(b) In an working on the Diesel cycle the ratio of the weights of air and fuel supplied is 50:1. The
temperature of the air at the beginning of the compression is 600 Cand the Compression ratio
used is 15:1. What is the ideal efficiency of the engine? Calorific value of fuel used is 42000kJ/kg.
Assume Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg K and Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg K for air. [6+10]
8. (a) Explain clearly Brayton cycle and derive an expression for thermal efficiency of the cycle.
(b) Compare the air refrigeration system with vapour refrigeration system. [8+8]

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Code No: R5210305 2
II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009
THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What are different forms of work energy? Explain each briefly.
(b) Why does free expansion have zero work transfer? [10+6]
2. (a) State the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Explain how it forms the basis for temperature mea-
surement?
(b) A closed system undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of four separate and distinct processes.
The heat and work transferred in each process are as tabulated below.
Process Heat Transfer in KJ/min Work transfer in KJ/min
1-2 20,000 0
2-3 -10,000 30,000
3-4 0 20,000
4-1 15,000 -25,000
Show that the data is consistent with the first law of thermodynamics. Also evaluate the net work
output in KW and the change in internal energy. [6+10]
3. (a) Show that the transfer of heat through a finite temperature difference is irreversible.
(b) One kg of ice at - 50 C is exposed to the atmosphere which is at 200 C. The ice melts and comes
in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Determine the entropy increase of the universe. Take latent
heat of fusion = 335 KJ/Kg-K, Cp (ice) = 2.0 KJ/Kg-K and Cp(water) = 4.186 KJ/Kg-K.[8+8]
4. (a) Explain with a neat diagram P-V-T surface?
(b) Steam at 10 bar and 2000 C enters at convergent divergent nozzle with a velocity of 60 m/sec.
and with a velocity of 650 m/sec .Assuming that there is no heat loss, determine the quality of
the steam leaving the nozzle. [7+9]
5. (a) Deduce the relationship between absolute temperature and absolute pressure in an adiabatic
process.
(b) 1.5 kg of air at pressure 6 bar occupies a volume of 0.2m3 .If this air is expanded to a volume of
1.1m3 . Find the work done and heat absorbed or rejected by the air for each of the following
methods of trying one the process.
i. isothermally
ii. Adiabatic ally [7+9]
6. (a) Explain Avagadro’ss laws of additive volumes.
(b) A psychrometric reads 360 C WBT and 400 C DBT. Find the humidity ratio, relative humidity,
dew point temperature, specific volume and enthalpy of air.
[7+9]
7. (a) Explain the difference between Otto cycle and Diesel cycle based on four points.
(b) Derive an expression for the air standard efficiency of Diesel cycle. Show that efficiency of Otto
cycle for the same compression ratio. [6+10]
8. A refrigerator working on bell-Coleman cycle operates between pressure limits of 1.05 bar and 8.5bar.
Air is drawn from the cold chamber at 100 C, compressed and it is cooled to 300 C. before entering the
expansion cylinder. The expansion and compression follows the law pv 1.3 =constant. Determine the
theoretical C.O.P. of the system. [16]

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Code No: R5210305 3
II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009
THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the differences between system and control volume.

(b) A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation P = (-3V+15)where V is the volume
in m3 and P is the pressure in bar. Determine the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 .
[6+10]
2. (a) State the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Explain how it forms the basis for temperature measurement?
(b) A closed system undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of four separate and distinct processes. The
heat and work transferred in each process are as tabulated below.
Process Heat Transfer in KJ/min Work transfer in KJ/min
1-2 20,000 0
2-3 -10,000 30,000
3-4 0 20,000
4-1 15,000 -25,000
Show that the data is consistent with the first law of thermodynamics. Also evaluate the net work output in
KW and the change in internal energy. [6+10]
3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.
(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of 600 K and 300 K. If the engine
receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work done and thermal efficiency of the engine. [6+2+8]
4. (a) Describe the process of formation of steam and give its graphical representation
(b) Steam enters an engine at a pressure 10 bar absolute and 2500 C. It is exhausted at 0.2 bar. The steam at
exhaust is 0.9 dry. Find
i. Drop in enthalpy
ii. Change in enthalpy. [7+9]
5. (a) What is compressibility factor. Sketch and discuss the salient features of the generalized compressibility
chart.
(b) 1 kg of air is initially at temperature of 100 C. If goes through the following processes to complete a cycle.
i. Reversible adiabatic compression until the pressure is increased to 2.5 times.
ii. Reversible heat addition at constant pressure. The addition of heat is to controlled that initial volume
is reached.
iii. Constant volume process which returns the system to initial. Represent P=V and T-S plots and
calculate foe each process the work done and heat exchange. What would be the efficiency of the cycle?
[7+9]
6. (a) Define
i. Specific humidity
ii. Relater humidity
(b) One kg of air at 350 C DBT and 60 % RH is mixed with 2 kg of air at200 C DBT and 130 C dew-point
temperature. Calculate the specific humidity of the mixture.
[6+10]
7. (a) If you include the efficiency of the heat exchanger show how the expression is modified.
(b) An air-standard Dual cycle has a compression ratio of 10. The pressure and temperature at the beginning of
compression are 1 bar and 270 C. The maximum pressure reached is 42 bar and the maximum temperature
is 15000 C. Determine
i. the temperature at the end of constant volume heat addition
ii. cut-off ratio
iii. work done per kg of air and
iv. the cycle efficiency. Assume Cp = 1.004kJ/kg K and Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg K for air. [6+10]
8. (a) Explain about the re-heating and refrigeration of a steam cycle with help of neat diagrams?
(b) Obtain an expression for Joule’s cycle in terms of pressure ratio. [8+8]

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Code No: R5210305 4
II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009
THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the differences between system and control volume.

(b) A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation P = (-3V+15)where V is the volume
in m3 and P is the pressure in bar. Determine the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 .
[6+10]
2. A thermodynamic system operates under steady flow conditions, the fluid entering at 2 bar and leaving at 10
bar. The entry velocity is 30 m/s and exit velocity is 10 m/s. During the process 25 MJ/hr of heat is supplied
and the increase in enthalpy is 5 KJ/kg. The exit point is 20 m above the entry point. Determine the work from
the system if fluid flow rate is 45 Kg/min. [16]
3. (a) What is the difference between the Gibbs function and the availability function? When these two functions
are numerically equal?
(b) A mass of 0.25 Kg of air in a closed system expands from 2 bar and 600 C to 1 bar and 400 C, while receiving
1.05 KJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000 C. The surrounding atmosphere is at 0.95 bar and 270 C. Determine
the maximum useful work. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain the term dry ness fraction?
(b) One kg of steam at pressure of 20 bar and dryness fraction 0.85 is heated at a constant pressure to 3000 C
.Determine [6+10]
i. Heated transferred
ii. Work done
iii. Change of internal energy
5. (a) What is the difference between ideal gas and a perfect gas?
(b) What is equation of state?
(c) 1.kg of CO2 has a volume of 1m3 at1000 C. Compute the pressure by
i. Vander Waal’s equation
ii. Perfect gas equation.
T akea = 362850N m4 /(kg − mole)2 ; b = 0.0423m3 /kg − mole; R = 8314J/kgmoleK
[4+4+8]
6. A mixture of ideal gases consists of 4kg of nitrogen and 6kg carbon dioxide at a pressure of 4bar and a temperature
of 200 C. Find
(a) The mole fraction of each constituent
(b) The equivalent molecular weight of the mixture
(c) Equivalent gas constant of the mixture
(d) Partial pressure and partial volumes
(e) Volume and density of the mixture and
(f) The Cp of the mixture [16]
7. (a) With the help of P-V diagram and T-s diagram explain Otto cycle clearly showing the pressure during
which the heat is supplied and rejected.
(b) The minimum pressure and temperature in a Otto cycle are 100 kPa and 27o C. The amount of heat added
to the air per cycle is 1500 kJ/kg.
i. Determine the pressure and temperatures at all points of air standard Otto cycle.
ii. Calculate the specific work and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a compression ratio of 8:1. [6+10]
8. (a) Explain about the re-heating and refrigeration of a steam cycle with help of neat diagrams?
(b) Obtain an expression for Joule’s cycle in terms of pressure ratio. [8+8]

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