Combined Cycle

g
GE Power Systems
TURBINE UNIVERSITY
Lecture No. TU05 Topic: Combined Cycle Overview Presenter: David L. Chase Reading and Reference Material*
Primary Material: TU05a (CC Selection & Plant Configuration) TU05b (CC Development Evolution & Future) Supplemental Reading: GER3574F GER3651E GER3767B
For TU information, contact: Bonnie Maynard Coordinator-Turbine University Power Generation Technology One River Road, Bldg. 53-401 Schenectady, NY 12345 DialComm: 8*235-4523; Fax: 8*235-0404 or visit our TU Web site: http://web1.geps.ge.com/train/TurbineU/homepage.cfm
------* This material provided by Presenter October 1999.
GE Energy Systems
Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

David L. Chase
Combined Cycle System Flexibility

TABLE 1 - COMBINED CYCLE SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY
EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS Single-Shaft Multi-Shaft THERMAL CYCLES Single Pressure Two Pressure Three Pressure Reheat Non-Reheat HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR (HRSG) DESIGNS Natural Circulation Evaporators Forced Circulation Evaporators Unfired Supplementary Fired Exhaust Fired DEAERATION Deaerating Condenser Deaerator Evaporator Integral with HRSG Separate Stand Along Deaerator FUEL Natural Gas Distillate Oil Residual / Crude Fuels (Ash Bearing) Low Btu Coal/Oil Derived Gases Multiple Fuel Systems DUTY CYCLE Base Load Mid-Range Peaking
INSTALLATIONS Single Phase Phased
APPLICATIONS Power Generation Industrial Cogeneration Repowering CONDENSER / COOLING SYSTEM Once-Through Water Cooling Evaporative Cooling Tower Air Cooled Condenser
STACK GAS EMISSIONS Water/Steam Injection for NOx Abatement SCR (NOx / CO) Dry Low NOx Systems
Performance Evaluation Services
Combined Cycle Performance Seminar
STAG System Configurations

Non-Reheat
HRSG Single Shaft Gen. GT ST GT HRSG ST Gen.
Reheat
HRSG HRSG G T Multi Shaft HRSG GT

Gen .
ST
Gen .
GT
Gen. ST Gen.
GT19939
Gen .
Single-Shaft STAG Equipment Configuration
Collector C T Gen. Steam
Flexible Coupling Thrust Bearing
Solid Coupling Bearing
Key to Foundation
Single-Shaft STAG Equipment Configuration
COL.
HP
IP
LP
GEN.
TWO FLOW DOWN EXHAUST
THRUST BEARING KEY FOR SHAFT POSITION
THE RODS SOLID COUPLING

BEARING
Three Pressure Reheat CC Configuration Comparison Summary

Plant Cost Comparison Single-Shaft Combined-Cycle Alternate Power Plant Analysis STAG 107H or 109H
C Turbine-Generator-Condenser Length Turbine-Generator Building Area Cost ST-G Shaft Centerline Elevation Cost Gas Turbine Cost Steam Turbine Cost Generator Cost T-G Auxiliaries Cost HRSG Cost Condenser Cost Static Start Cost Additional Main Power Train (MPT) Equip. Pedestal/Foundation Cost Building/Structure Cost Acoustic Treatment Cost Steam Lines, Valves, Supports, Insulation Cost Auxiliaries PPG Interconnections Cost Auxiliary Boiler Cost High Voltage Circuits Cost Medium/Low Voltage Circuits Cost Efficiency Operational Cost Maintenance Cost Construction Cost/Schedule Base Length/Cost Base Area/Cost Base Elevation/Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Length/Cost Base Length/Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost Base Efficiency Base Cost Base Cost Base Cost/Schedule Increase-12M (39 FT) Increase-420M 2 (4,500 SQ. FT) Decrease-3M (10 FT) Increase Comparable Increase Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Increase/Decrease Increase/Decrease Increase Increase Decrease/Increase Decrease/Increase Increase Decrease Comparable Comparable Increase Decrease/Increase
Proven GE Power Train

HRSG T C H L GEN
Alternate Power Train Evaluation Example

HRSG T C GEN CLT H L C C GEN HRSG
Symbol Legend and Evaluation Notes on Alternate Power Plant Design

Condenser Electrical Generator Heat Recovery Steam Generator
H T L C
ST-HP & LP Sections GT-Turbine & Compressor Clutch
CLT
Clutch, Coupling and Axial-Flow Condenser Width Added to Main Power Train (MPT) Length Axial-Flow Condenser Added to MPT Length, Plus Extra Length of Clutch Assembly Steam PPG and Valves Moved up to Operating Floor Second Turning Gear Required Axial-Flow vs. Down Flow Exhaust Design Double-End Drive Rotor Design Cost Increased Oil Consumption of Clutch and Thrust Bearing, Increased Complexity of Reheat Valve and Over Speed Protection Lower Support Elevation Typical Axial-Flow Condenser, Simple-Cycle Operation Dumping Decreased Starting Power-GT and Generator Only Clutch, Coupling, Lubrication Electric Power and Enclosure Increased Length of Support Slabs/Shorter Columns Increase Area Due to Increased MPT Length; Maint. Crane Sized to Lift Assembled Generator?/Decreased Volume Due to Lower Bldg. Elev Possible Additional Enclosure for Clutch Equipment Longer PPG Runs from HRSG to Steam Turbine Lower Elevation/Longer Distance Between Major Loads, e.g. Thrust Bearings HRSG Used for Sealing and Cooling Steam/Addition of Superheater Attemperator Longer Output Power and Start-Up Transformer Circuits Run Normal to T-G Axis Lower Elevation, Some Shorter Circuits Possible Decreased Back Pressure for Axial Exhaust Faster Start-Ups, i.e., First GT-G Followed by ST (Non H Technology) Difficult Generator Rotor Removal; Addil Clutch Maintenance; Independent GT & ST Maint. Flexible Condenser & ST Installation Schedule Additional MPT Equipment to Install, Align, Test, Etc.
Generalized Power Generation Capability

Reheat, Three Pressure
55 Net Plant Efficiency (Percent LHV)
Non-Reheat, Two Pressure Non-Reheat, Single Pressure Max. Supplementary Firing
50
dH RSG
HR SG Firi ng
45
Unf ire
Max. Exhaust Firing
40
Gas Turbine Simple Cycle
35 150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
GTxxxxx.ppt
Net Plant Power (MW)
Single Pressure Non-Reheat Cycle Diagram

Bypass
HRSG Fuel
Diverter Damper
Legend Steam Water Air, Exh. Gas Fuel

GT
Gen
ST
Gen
Deaerating Cond. Cond. Pump

Exhaust Gas Temp Effect on Optimum Single Pressure Heat Recovery CC Steam Pressure
Gas Temperature at HRSG Inlet
90 80 1100F 1200F
Optimum Steam Turbine Throttle Pressure
Steam Cycle Output Per Unit Gas Turbine Exhaust Flow (KW/LB/SEC)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 500 1000F 900F 800F
NOTES: 1. Heat Recovery Combined-Cycle 2. Single Pressure Steam System 3. Steam Turbine Expansion Efficiency = 85% 4. Throttle Temp = Gas Temp at HRSG Inlet Minus 50F 5. Maximum Throttle Temperature = 1000F 6. HRSG Pinch Point Temp. Diff. = 25F 7. Steam Turbine Exhaust Pressure - 2.5 in. HG ABS 8. 12% Moisture at End of Expansion
1000 1500 PSIA
2000
GT30012.ppt
Two Pressure Non-Reheat Cycle Diagram
GT16403B
Two Pressure Non-Reheat Steam Cycle

Net Heat Rate vs. Steam Pressure
6700 615 6700 6680 6660 6640 Net Heat Rate (Btu/Kw-Hr) 6620 6600 6580 6560 6540 6520 6500 6480 6460 6440 40 60 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 L.P. Admission Pressure (PSIA) Throttle Pressure (PSIA) 815 Net Heat Rate (Btu/Kw-Hr) 1014 1215 1415 6680 6660 6640 6620 6600 6580 6560 6540 6520 6500 6480 6460 6440 40 60 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Throttle Pressure (PSIA)
BASIS 1. Stag 107FA Stage, Base Load Operation 2. ISO Conditions: Relative Humidity = 60% Ambient Pressure = 14.7 PSIA Ambient Temperature = 59F 3. Fuel is Natural Gas 4. Steam Turbine Exhausting at 1.5 HgA 5. Steam Turbine Throttle Temp = 1000F 6. Curve of Optimum L.P. Admission
GT30014.ppt
Three Pressure Reheat Cycle Diagram
GT17034-2E
Three Pressure Reheat Steam Cycle

Net Heat Rate vs. Steam Pressure
6700 6680 6660 6640 Net Heat Rate (Btu/Kw-Hr) 6620 6600 6580 6560 6540 6520 6500 6480 6460 6440 15 20 25 30 35 Cold Reheat Pressue (% of Throttle) 1415 1815 6440
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
6700 6680 6660 6640 Net Heat Rate (Btu/Kw-Hr) 6620 6600 6580 6560 6540 6520 6500 6480 6460 BASIS 1. Stag 107FA Stage, Base Load Operation 2. ISO Conditions: Relative Humidity = 60% Ambient Pressure = 14.7 PSIA Ambient Temperature = 59F 3. Fuel is Natural Gas 4. Steam Turbine Exhausting at 1.5 HgA 5. Steam Turbine Throttle Temp = 1000F 6. LP Admission Pressure = 48 PSI 6. Curve of Optimum Reheat Pressure
Throttle Pressure (PSIA)
815 1014
Throttle Pressure (PSIA)
GT30015.ppt
Generalized CC Capability, Power & Thermal Energy

Efficiency
3000 Thermal Energy (10^6 BTU/H) 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Gas Turbine + HRSG
94%
G Tu a s T rb u r ine b i ne
92%
Ex
HR SG
ha u
st F
St
ea m
ire
88%
Su pp le Fi m e re nt d ar
fir ed
Un
Efficiency 55.8% 52.9% 46.6%
36.7%
Gas Turbine Simple Cycle
200
250
300 350 400 450 Net Plant Output (MW)
500
550
Cycle Diagrams
Thermal Energy & Power CC with Steam Generation at Process Conditions
Fuel Condensate Return Process Steam
Unfired HRSG Fuel Condensate Return Process Steam
Supplemental Fired HRSG

GT18512A .ppt
Cycle Diagrams
Condensate Return Fuel
Unfired, One Pressure HRSG
Process Steam
Condensate Return Fuel Process Steam
Unfired, Two Pressure HRSG Condensate Return Fuel Process Steam
Supplemental Fired, One Pressure HRSG

GT18513B .ppt
Cycle Diagrams
Fuel Condensate Return Process Steam
Unfired, One-Pressure HRSG Condensate Return Fuel Process Steam
Unfired, Two-Pressure HRSG Condensate Return Fuel Process Steam
Supplemental Fired, One-Pressure HRSG

GT18514A .ppt
STAG 406B Combined Cycle Plan

HRSG
STEAM SYSTEM AUXILIARIES 78M (256 FT) STEAM TURBINE
GAS TURBINE TRANSFORMERS
100M (256 FT)

GT08616A-1.ppt
STAG 207EA Combined Cycle Plan
GT17685B .ppt
STAG 109E Combined Cycle Plan

Heat Recover Steam Generator Generator Steam Turbine
Gas Turbine
Condenser
GT18542B .ppt
STAG 207FA Multi-Shaft CC Plan

HRSG
Steam Turbine 260 FT. 79.2 M
Gas Turbine
380 FT. 115.8 M

Performance Evaluation Services Combined Cycle Performance Seminar
Four-Unit STAG 107FA CC Plan

Steam Gas Heat Recovery Transformer Generator Turbine Turbine Steam Generator Stack
320 ft. (97.5M)
400 ft. (121.9M)

GT20041B .ppt
STAG 107FA Single-Shaft CC Elevation

Steam Turbine Generator Inlet Gas Turbine Air Filter Stack Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Operating Floor
Condenser
Silencer
Inlet Duct
GT20039
GT Performance Thermodynamics
FUEL AIR COMBUSTOR GENERATOR COMPRESSOR TURBINE EXHAUST ELECTRIC POWER THERMAL EFFICIENCY, %
SIMPLE CYCLE
PRESSURE RATIO XC TF F (C) SPECIFIC OUTPUT MW / lb / sec (MW / kg / S)
HIGHER TEMPERATURE MEANS MORE POWER

COMBINED CYCLE
EXHAUST ELECTRIC POWER THERMAL EFFICIENCY PRESSURE RATIO XC
AIR
FUEL
HRSG
GENERATOR STEAM TURBINE ELECTRIC POWER
TF F (C)
COMBUSTOR GENERATOR COMPRESSOR TURBINE
SPECIFIC OUTPUT MW / lb / sec (MW / kg / S)
HIGHER TEMPERATURE SAVES FUEL

GT25454 .ppt
Natural Circulation HRSG Modular Construction

Stack Steam Drum Internal Insulation and Lagging Inlet Ducts Outlet Duct
Expansion Joint Economizer Downcomer Section Expansion Joint

Internal Structral Steel
Manway
Evaporator Superheater Section Section

GT11717
Forced-Circulation HRSG Modular Construction

Stack
Upper Transition Economizer Box Evaporator Superheater Box Steam Drum
Steel Work Elbow Duct Inlet (Side Entry) Diffuser

GT00477C
Steam Turbine Last Stage Bucket Selection

Exhaust Pressure (Millimeters Mercury Absolute)
0.0 100000 12.7 25.4 38.1 50.8 63.5 76.2 88.9 101.6 114.3127.0
2-33.5 95000 2-30 1-40 1-33.5 90000 1-30 1-26 85000
Steam Turbine Shaft Output (kW)
1-26 inch LSB (660 mm) 1-30 inch LSB (762 mm) 1-33.5 inch LSB (850.9 mm) 1-40 inch LSB (1016 mm)
80000
75000
2-30 in. LSB (762 mm) 2-33.5 inch LSB (850.8 mm)
70000 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0 GT25457
Exhaust Pressure (Inches Mercury Absolute) Performance Evaluation Services
Condenser Cooler
Steam Turbine Exhaust Cooling Condenser with once thru cooling water Condenser with evaporative cooling tower Air-cooled condenser
Typical Minimum Exhaust Steam Temperature Approach to Heat Sink Temperature +20deg F above cooling water supply temperature +35deg F above ambient wet bulb temperature +40deg F above ambient air dry bulb temperature (condenser pressure maintained above 2 in. Hg, atypically)
Estimated STAG Plant Performance Variation with Fuel Characteristics

STAG 209E Fuel Natural Gas Distillate Oil Residual Oil Net Plant Output (%) Base -3.0 -9.3 Net Plant Thermal Efficiency (%) Base -2.1 -7.6
Notes: 1. Operating Point = Base Load 2. Two Pressure, Non-Reheat Recovery Feedwater Heating System Cycle
Effect on NOx Control on CC Performance
Gas Turbine Combustion System NOX PMVD at 15% O2 (g/GJ) Diluent Injection Water/Fuel by Wt Steam/Fuel by Wt STAG Plant Performance Net Power (%) Net Heat Rate (%) Steam Cycle Base Base Base Base 0 0 0 0 DLN 9 (15.5) 160 (275)
MS7001EA Diffusion Flame 42 (72) 0.81 -+3.5 +3.6 -1.22 +1.0 +2.1 25 (43) 1.04 -+5.0 +5.2 -1.58 +1.1 +3.4
MS7001FA DLN Diffusion Flame 42 (72) 0.89 -+5.4 +3.9 -1.62 +2.8 +3.1 212 9 (15.5) (365) 0 0 Base Base 0 0 Base Base
Non-Reheat, Three Pressure
Reheat, Three Pressure
Notes: 1. Site Conditions - 59F, 14.7 psia, 60% RH (15C, 1.013 bars) 2. Fuel - Natural Gas
System Power Enhancement Options

Typical Performance Impact Power Enhancement Option Base Configuration Evaporative Cooling GT Inlet Air (85% Effective Cooler) Chill GT Inlet Air to 45F GT Peak Load GT Steam Injection (5% of GT Air Flow) GT Water Injection (2.9% of GT Air Flow) HRSG Supplementary Firing
Notes:
Output Base +5.2% +10.7% +5.2% +3.4% +5.9% +28%
Heat Rate Base --+1.6% -1.0% +4.2% +4.8% +9%
1. Site Conditions = 90F, 30% RH 2. Fuel = Natural Gas 3. Three Pressure, Reheat Steam Cycle
CC Power Generation System Features

High Thermal Efficiency Low Installed Cost Fuel Flexibility - Wide Range of Gas and Liquid Fuels Low Operation and Maintenance Cost Operating Flexibility - Base, Mid-range, Daily Start High Reliability High Availability Short Installation Time High Efficiency in Small Capacity Increments
CC Thermal Energy & Power System Features

High Thermal Efficiency Low Installed Cost Low Operation & Maintenance Steam Generation at Process Conditions Extraction/Condensing Steam Turbine Non-Condensing Turbine Exhausting to Process Unfired/Fired HRSGs Gas Turbine DLN/Steam Injection High Power to Thermal Energy Ratio High Reliability/Availability Short Installation Time

Combined Cycle

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Combined Cycle

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

g

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Combined Cycle System Flexibility

INSTALLATIONS Single Phase Phased

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

STAG System Configurations

HRSG HRSG G T Multi Shaft HRSG GT

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Single-Shaft STAG Equipment Configuration

Collector C T Gen. Steam

Flexible Coupling Thrust Bearing

Solid Coupling Bearing

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Single-Shaft STAG Equipment Configuration

TWO FLOW DOWN EXHAUST

THRUST BEARING KEY FOR SHAFT POSITION

THE RODS SOLID COUPLING

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Three Pressure Reheat CC Configuration Comparison Summary

Proven GE Power Train

Alternate Power Train Evaluation Example

Symbol Legend and Evaluation Notes on Alternate Power Plant Design

ST-HP & LP Sections GT-Turbine & Compressor Clutch

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Generalized Power Generation Capability

55 Net Plant Efficiency (Percent LHV)

Non-Reheat, Two Pressure Non-Reheat, Single Pressure Max. Supplementary Firing

Max. Exhaust Firing

Net Plant Power (MW)

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Single Pressure Non-Reheat Cycle Diagram

Legend Steam Water Air, Exh. Gas Fuel

Deaerating Cond. Cond. Pump

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Optimum Steam Turbine Throttle Pressure

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 500 1000F 900F 800F

1000 1500 PSIA

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Two Pressure Non-Reheat Cycle Diagram

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Two Pressure Non-Reheat Steam Cycle

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Three Pressure Reheat Cycle Diagram

Performance Evaluation Services

Combined Cycle Performance Seminar

Combined Cycle Selection and Plant Configuration

Three Pressure Reheat Steam Cycle