Completion Training NEXT Bali June 2010

Completions
Ricardo Gomez S.
Technical Manager Schlumberger Completions and Sand Management
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Technical Manager Schlumberger Completions and Sand Management
Services - Indonesia
1
Outline
1:00 to 1:50pm Session 1 Completion Engineering
Introduction to Completions
Well Completion Planning
Completion Design and Engineering
1:50 to 2:00 Coffee break
1:50 to 2:00 Coffee break
2:00 to 2:50 Session 2 Core Completion
Packers, accessories and Safety Valves
2:50 to 3:00 coffee break
3:00 to 3:50 Session 3 Special Completions
Sand Control, Monitoring, Intelligent completions, Subsea
4:00 to 4:30 Quiz
2
Session 1 Completion Engineering
3
Introduction to Completions
4
What is Completion?
The methodology and technology installed in wellbore after
drilling to allow safe, efficient and economic production
Completion represents a
Completion represents a
large amount of engineering
and planning in the operations
5
Types Of Completion
By Wellbore/reservoir interface
open-hole or cased hole completion
6
Types Of Completion
Production method
natural flowing
artificial lift production
Rod pump
Rod pump
Gas lift
Electric submersible pump
Plunger lift
Jet pump
7
Types Of Completion
Producing zones
single zone
multiple zone
8
Planning, Design and Engineering
9
Phases of Well Completion
10
Selection Of Completion Components
11
Metallurgy and Elastomer Selection
Completion components are
exposed to multiple
environments
Temperature
Pressures
Completions Failure Frequency
CO2 Related 28%
H2S Related 18%
Preferential Weld 18%
Pressures
Electrostatic currents
Corrosion
Erosion
Fluids
Preferential Weld 18%
Pitting and crevice 15%
Erosion, corrosion,
impingement
12%
Galvanic 6%
Stress corrosion 3%
12
Definition of Alloys
Fe + C Steel
Fe + Cr Stainless Steel
Fe + Cr + Ni + Mo Austenitic Stainless Steel
Ni + Fe + Cr + Mo Incoloy
Ni + Cr + Mo Inconel
13
Materials Selection Guide
Environment Alloy Recommended
Non-Corrosive Service 4130/4140 (polished bores 9 Cr-1 Mo)
Slightly Corrosive to Moderately
Corrosive Low H
2
S, CO
2
+ Water Low
Temperatures, <250F
4130 External (22 HRc max) 9 Cr-1 Mo
Flow Wetted
CO
2
Corrosion, Trace H
2
S 22/25Cr S.S.
CO
2
Corrosion, Low H
2
S Higher
Temperatures
22/25Cr S.S.
Severely Corrosive H
2
S, CO
2
, up to
300F
925/718 (Ni-Cr) alloys
Severely Corrosive + Temperatures over
300F
725, C-276, etc.
14
Material Selection for Completion Equipment
17-4PH or 25Cr
Oxygen kept to
a minimum.
925/718 f.w. Or
all 925/718 (for
duplex or 825
tubing)
13CR fl wet
4140 ext or (all
13CR for 13CR
tubing)
9CR, fl. Wet
4140 ext.
SSSV
Water injection
service
Severe and/or
H
2
S-CO
2
service
Intermediate
and/or CO
2
service
General and/or
sour service
4140 ext., 17-
4PH or 25Cr f.w.
parts
925/718 f.w.
4140 ext.
13CR f.w. 4140
ext.
4130/4140 Packer
17-4PH,
Custom 450,
25Cr
925/718 410 4130 SPM
17-4PH or 25Cr 925/718 13CR 9CR Nipple
15
Completion Tubulars Design
Deterministic
Conventional (>30 yr. & outdated)
Service Life (>15 yr. )
TDAS Design factors
TDAS Design factors
Probabilistic
Future of casing & tubing design
Probability of Failure (10
-2
-10
-6
)
16
Elastomers
Elastomers can be stretched twice its original size and return
back to its original size
Nitrile
HNBR
HNBR
HSN
Viton
Aflas
Chemraz
17
General Elastomer Selection Guide
Environment: Environment: Environment: Environment:
Neoprene Neoprene Neoprene Neoprene

fiber fiber fiber fiber
reinforced reinforced reinforced reinforced
Nitrile Nitrile Nitrile Nitrile HNBR HNBR HNBR HNBR Viton Viton Viton Viton

Aflas Aflas Aflas Aflas

Chemraz Chemraz Chemraz Chemraz

Kalrez Kalrez Kalrez Kalrez

Maximum recommended temperature Maximum recommended temperature Maximum recommended temperature Maximum recommended temperature 275F 275F 325F 400F 400F 400F 400F
Minimum recommended temperature Minimum recommended temperature Minimum recommended temperature Minimum recommended temperature 75F minus 40F minus 40F 40F 75F 40F 75F
Crude oil OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Natural gas w/ condensate OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Formation or injected water OK OK OK OK Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
H
2
S NO NO NO NO Up to 10 ppm Up to 10 ppm Up to 10 ppm Up to 10 ppm Up to 100 ppm Up to 100 ppm Up to 100 ppm Up to 100 ppm Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
CO
2
Gas OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Water based mud Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Oil based mud OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Ester containing mud NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Diesel OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Brine completion fluid, pH <9 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Brine completion fluid, pH >9 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Sea water OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Elastomer families - Qualified compounds only Elastomer families - Qualified compounds only Elastomer families - Qualified compounds only Elastomer families - Qualified compounds only
* ** *
Sea water OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Zinc bromide NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Amine based inhibitors NO NO NO NO Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Hydraulic oil, mineral oil OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Hydraulic oil, approved synthetic OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Water glycol hydraulic fluid, pH <9 Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Water glycol hydraulic fluid, pH >9 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Hydrocarbon solvents,aliphatic eg
Hexane, Kerosene
NO NO NO NO Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 325F Up to 325F Up to 325F Up to 325F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic eg
Xylene,Toluene
NO NO NO NO Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Hydrocarbon solvents, cholorinated NO NO NO NO OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Hydrocarbon solvents, oxygenated Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Methanol, dry Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
HCl acid Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 250F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 400F Up to 400F Up to 400F Up to 400F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
HF/HCl NO NO NO NO Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 400F Up to 400F Up to 400F Up to 400F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Acetic acid NO NO NO NO Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 200F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 275F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F Up to 300F OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Steam NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
* ** *
No one compound covers the entire temperature range shown for the family ! No one compound covers the entire temperature range shown for the family ! No one compound covers the entire temperature range shown for the family ! No one compound covers the entire temperature range shown for the family !
Use this table for seals with smaller cross sections including packing in stacks intended for long term service in completion equipment.
Recommended temperatures under the BEST BEST BEST BEST conditions based on in-house tests and qualified compounds . There are case by case
Yellow shading indicates caution that may be due to a temperature limitation or perhaps a mechanical limit, for example due to
resistance to decompression damage.
18
Loads On Completion Components
After the completion components and materials are selected,
the effects of loads should be accounted for:
Pressure-Burst & Collapse
Axial-Tension & Compression
Bending-Trajectory/Buckling
Bending-Trajectory/Buckling
Shear-Rotation
Non-axisymmetric
Completion Tubulars are Similarly designed as well
construction tubulars
19
Tubing Movement
Forces acting during installation, production and intervention
Piston
High pressures, large areas
Temperature
Temperature
Large temperature changes
Ballooning
High pressures
Buckling
Small tubing inside large casing, large packer seal
20
Tubing Movement-Piston
F
1
F
1
P
o
P
o
F
2
F
2
Tubing
ID
Tubing
OD
E A
L F
L
p
p
p
=
P
i
P
o
P
o
Tubing ID
Tubing OD
F
1
F
1
F
2
F
2
F
4
F
4
F
1
F
1
P
i
Packer
Seal
E A
p
) ( ) (
i pkr i o pkr o p
A A P A A P F =
P
i
Packer
Seal
F
3
F
3
21
Tubing Movement-Temperature
Length
Length
When
Cooled
Original
Length L T L
avg temp
=
Length
When
Heated
Cooled
Length
Original
Length
L T L
avg temp
=
1 6
10 9 . 6

= F
steel
22
Tubing Movement-Ballooning
[ ] P A P A
L
L
=
2
H
I
G
H

P
R
E
S
S
U
R
E
L
O
W

P
R
E
S
S
U
R
E
[ ]
o o i i
p
bal
P A P A
E A
L
L
=
2
3 . 0 =
steel
psi E
steel
6
10 30 =
23
Tubing Movement-Buckling
Neutral
Point
(
(
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
base
eff
effb
load
eff
effb
c
buck
w
F
w
F
EI
r
L
2 2
2
8
Point
Packer
n
o o i i eff
A A w w + =
( ) D hole r
c
= 5 . 0
24
Packer to Casing and Packer to Tubing Force
+
d
F
a
P
o
A
ox
ix i pt ox o a y
A P F A P F F + = = 0
ix i ox o a pt
A P A P F F + =
2
4
D A A
pkr ox
|
\
|
=

2
4
d A A
pkr ix
|
\
|
=

+
+
A
c
D
A
pkr
F
pc
F
pt
P
o
A
x
P
i
A
x
A
x
=A
c
-A
pkr
pc x i x o pt y
F A P A P F F + = = 0
x i x o pt pc
A P A P F F + =
F
pt
P
i
A
ix
4
\
25
Tubular Design And Analysis
26
Session 2 Core Completion
27
Packers and Packer accessories
28
Packer Function
Isolation and control of hydrocarbon production
Basic Functions:
Zonal Isolation
Downhole Tubing Anchor
PACKER
Downhole Tubing Anchor
Casing Protection
Flow Control
Primary Load Bearing Member
29
30
Packer Key Components
Elements Slip Slip Mandrel Ratchet
Gauge Ring Gauge Ring
31
ISO 14310 Packer Performance Characteristics
Packer Test Conditions Packer Test Conditions Packer Test Conditions Packer Test Conditions
Unplugged Plugged Isolated Unplugged Plugged Isolated Unplugged Plugged Isolated Unplugged Plugged Isolated
32
ISO 14310 Standard
Seven design validation grades of increasing severity:
V6 : Supplier/manufacturer defined
V5 : Liquid test
V4 : Liquid test + axial loads
V3 : Liquid test + axial loads + temperature cycling
V3 : Liquid test + axial loads + temperature cycling
V2 : Gas test + axial loads
V1 : Gas test + axial loads + temperature cycling
V0 : V1 + zero bubble acceptance criteria
33
Mechanical Packers Mechanical Packers Mechanical Packers Mechanical Packers Tubing Mounted Tubing Mounted Tubing Mounted Tubing Mounted
Hydraulic Set Packers Hydraulic Set Packers Hydraulic Set Packers Hydraulic Set Packers
Seal Bore Packers Seal Bore Packers Seal Bore Packers Seal Bore Packers
(Retrievable) (Retrievable) (Retrievable) (Retrievable)
Dual String Packers Dual String Packers Dual String Packers Dual String Packers
Seal Bore Packers Seal Bore Packers Seal Bore Packers Seal Bore Packers
(Permanent) (Permanent) (Permanent) (Permanent)
Packer Families
34
W/L Setting Assembly CPST-AA
Features/Benefits/Limitations
Accurate, Fast & Reliable
Expanding Gas vs hydraulic setting
mode.
Pressure balanced design
W/L
Adapter Kit
Pressure balanced design
Packer Assembly Weight Limitations
Trajectory Limitations
CPST
35
Hydraulic Setting Method
Hydraulic Setting Dropped Ball or Closed System
Immediate Packer Testing After Setting
Design Allows Higher Setting Forces
RIH Auto-Fill & POOH String Drain Features
RIH Auto-Fill & POOH String Drain Features
Primarily Use Sand Control Applications
Trajectory Insensitive
Round Trip w/ Workstring Required
Setting Depth Inaccuracy vs. E-Line
36
Hydraulic Set Packers
Typically used in applications where multi-zone, and/or
Typically used in applications where multi-zone, and/or
one-trip completions are required.
Also used in high pressure/high temperature applications
and in highly deviated wells
Packer is hydraulic set, tubing conveyed
No Setting Tool Required
37
Typical Tailpipe Assembly
For Lower Seal Bore Packer
38
Locator - Seal Assemblies
Types:
Locator Type
Snap Latch
Snap-In/Snap-Out
Locator
Snap Latch
or
Anchor Latch
Snap-In/Snap-Out
Anchor Latch
Snap-In/Rotate-Out
Self-Aligning
Guide Shoe
Mule
Shoe
39
Production Expansion
Joints
LOAD CASE
40
Packer Milling
Rapid Mill & Removal
Tungsten-Carbide tipped milling shoe
can mill out the largest packer in a
single trip
Retrieves the packer body and all lower
Retrieves the packer body and all lower
extensions
Milling tool features a safety release
from the packer if the packer
cannot be retrieved
41
Milling Tools
Used to quickly and safely mill over and/or retrieve packers,
permanent bridge plugs, and cement retainers from the
well.
Millout time is reduced to the minimum due to specifically
designed milling shoes.
42
Retrievable Service Packers
Omegamatic & Omegamatic Long Stroke
High Pressure/Medium Temperature
Suitable for Stimulation, Remediation, Perforating, Testing & Short Term
Production
Mechanical Actuation & Compression Set
Resettable Downhole
Resettable Downhole
Omegamatic LS used for Single Trip Perforate and Frac Pack for
fracturing.
Not suitable for shallow applications
43
Safety Valves
44
Overview of Subsurface Safety Valves
Primary Purpose
Emergency well flow control device
Prevents losses
personnel, environment, reserves, image
Secondary Purpose
Secondary Purpose
Down hole flow control
allows for wellhead problem corrections
serves as a secondary barrier
45
Applications
Offshore wells
Platform
Sub sea
Sub sea
FPS, etc.
Environmentally sensitive wells
Marsh lands
H2s /C02 containing land wells
46
API-14 A Specifications
Class:
1 = Sweet Well
2 = High Sand
3 = Sour Service
3 = Sour Service
47
Types of SSSVs
Surface Controlled
tubing retrievable
slickline retrievable
slickline retrievable
Subsurface controlled
Velocity
Injection
48
Application Basics
Key Issues
Nominal dimensions and sizing
Pressure ratings
Profiles and polished bores (dimensions)
Setting depths
Setting depths (calculations)
Lock-open systems
Environmental concerns (materials)
Where and how will it be used?
Design selection criteria
Commercial factors
49
Application Basics
Maximum Fail-Safe Setting Depth
Where:
FSSD =
FC - FS
MFG
*FS = 0.15FC
FSSD = The fail-safe setting depth of the valve.
FC = The minimum closing pressure in psi.
FS = The safety factor in psi.
(*The safety factor should never be less than 75 psi)
MFG = The Maximum fluid gradient in psi/ft.
50
Application Basics
Recommended Hydraulic Pressure
Where:
P
SO
(min) = Minimum Recommended Hydraulic. Operating
Pressure (surface)
P
SO
(min) = P
t
+ P
o
+ P
sf
- P
h
Minimum recommended Hydraulic Operating Pressure (Surface)
Pressure (surface)
P
t
= Tubing pressure at valve depth.
P
o
= Opening pressure (zero bore)
P
sf
= Safety Factor to ensure valve is fully open
(400 psi for Elastomeric / Plastic Seals and 1500 psi
for Metal to Metal Seals)
P
h
= Pressure of the hydraulic fluid. 51
Application Basics
Recommended Hydraulic Pressure
Where:
P
SO
(max) = Maximum Recommended Hydraulic. Operating
Pressure (surface)
P
SO
(max) = P
t
+ P
o
P
h
+ 5000 psi
Maximum recommended Hydraulic Operating Pressure (Surface)
Pressure (surface)
P
t
= Tubing pressure at valve depth.
P
o
= Opening pressure (zero bore)
P
h
= Pressure of the hydraulic fluid.
52
Product Design Issues
Operating Envelopes
More realistic prediction of products performance.
Account for influence of pressure to generate tensile forces in
valve.
53
How Sub Surface Safety Valves Work
Safety Valve Animation
54
Flapper Closure Systems
+20,000 psi
More Reliable then ball type closure systems
Mechanically Simple
Can Pump Through
Flappers have high pressure ratings
(> 20,000 psi)
55
High Strength Flapper Hinge System
56
High Strength Flapper Hinge System
57
Flapper Closure Mechanisms
Curved Flapper Design
Metal to Metal Primary Seal
Non-Elastomeric Secondary Seal
Torsion spring closure
Torsion spring closure
Applications
Maximized Valve I.D. / Minimized O.D.
Working Pressures to 7500 psi
58
Curved Flapper Systems
59
Ball Closure Systems Components
60
Valve Equalization Techniques
Two methods
API Recommended
Internal Equalization
61
API Preferred Equalization Method
1. Shut in the well at the wellhead
2. Pressure the tubing above the valve until the pump
pressure levels out indicating equalization across the
flapper.
3. Once equalized, use the Minimum Recommended
3. Once equalized, use the Minimum Recommended
Opening Pressure equation to maintain the valve in fully
open position
62
Internal Equalization Method
Valve equalizes above and below the flapper before opening.
To equalize the valve the valve must go from the closed to
open position
63
TRM-4HPE Internal Equalizing Dart
64
Secondary Safety Valves
Cost-effective, reliable solution.
Working pressures to from 7500 to 15000 psi
High closing pressures allow setting depths to
High closing pressures allow setting depths to
2000 feet.
Internal self equalization.
Rugged flapper mechanism, proven
performance for the life of the well.
API Class 2 Monogrammed
65
Secondary Equipment
Velocity Valves
Working pressures to 10,000 psi.
Flapper closure system, normally open
All setting depths.
Extraordinary range of field proven designs and sizes
available
Differential pressure closes the valve at a
predetermined rate of flow.
Adjustable flow rates by changing the spring, spring
spacers, or varying the choke bean I.D.
66
Secondary Equipment
Injection Valves
Working pressures to 10,000 psi.
Flapper closure system, is normally closed
All setting depths.
available
Differential pressure opens the valve at a predetermined
rate of flow.
Adjustable flow rates for opening by changing the spring,
spring spacers, or varying the choke bean I.D.
67
Subsurface Safety Valve Accessories
No-go Permanent Lock-out Tools
Permanently locks-open safety valve while establishing
hydraulic communication.
High dependability.
High dependability.
No-go locator.
Simple, robust design.
Hydraulically assisted.
68
Session 3 Special Completions
69
Sand Control
70
Fundamental Cause of Sand Production
Destabilizing forces overcome formation strength
formation matrix fails
if sand is mobile - sand transport (production) will occur
sand production is a function of rock strength and/or fluid
flow effects
flow effects
Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 1 - -- - Failure Failure Failure Failure Stage Stage Stage Stage 2 2 2 2 - -- - Transportation Transportation Transportation Transportation
71
Sand Control Methods
Restrict Production Rate
In Situ Consolidation (Injecting resins to make artificial
consolidated sandstone)
Resin Coated Gravel
Resin Coated Gravel
Standalone Screens
Gravel Pack
Fracture ( StimPAC*)
72
Restrictive Production Rate
Some weak formations have enough strength
to produce sand-free at low rates.
Selective perforations placed in the strongest
formation (based on logs)
Rock properties may change during the
production (i.e..., water production).
73
In Situ Consolidation
Resin material is pumped
into the formation .
Furan Resin glues
formation grain-grain into a
consolidated structure
consolidated structure
Compressive strength
>1,000 psi with 60-75%
retained permeability.
74
Resin Coated Gravel
Resin
Gravel
Proppant ( Gravel ) is precoated with resin
material.
Particles are mixed with viscous gel and
pumped into the formation.
Particles are contacted grain-to-grain.
Formation
(Unconsolidated)
Particles are contacted grain-to-grain.
Temperature + H2O fuses the particles
together into a consolidated permeable,
drillable network.
Main WS system: Sandlock V
75
Standalone Screens (SAS) or Natural Sand Pack
Installation of a screen system without gravel
cased or open hole applications
premium screens are preferred
76
Screens and slotted liners
77
Gravel Packing
Packer Packer Packer Packer
Tubing Tubing Tubing Tubing
Casing Casing Casing Casing
Blank Pipe Blank Pipe Blank Pipe Blank Pipe
Sump Packer Sump Packer Sump Packer Sump Packer
Proppant Proppant Proppant Proppant
(gravel) (gravel) (gravel) (gravel)
Seal Assembly Seal Assembly Seal Assembly Seal Assembly
78
Open Hole Gravel Packing
79
Combined fracturing and gravel
packing
Screenless completion solutions
Optimized perforating and fracturing
Screenless FracPack
(new wells)
Consolidation followed by fracturing
(existing perfs).
80
Reservoir Monitoring & Intelligent
completions, Subsea
81
Flow Control why do we do it?
It allows us to monitor and control reservoir performance in
real time without intervention.
It allows us to produce from, or inject into, multiple
It allows us to produce from, or inject into, multiple
reservoirs or zones through a single wellbore
This type of completion is often referred to as an
Intelligent Completion Intelligent Completion Intelligent Completion Intelligent Completion.
82
MainApplications
Natural Gas-Lift
Virgin gas zone, gas-cap
Commingled Production or Injection
Fewer wellbores, accelerated production, minimal intervention
Fewer wellbores, accelerated production, minimal intervention
Daisy chained or multilateral
Zonal Control
Improved Drainage
Improved reservoir sweep (high permeability)
83
Flow Control Tools
Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulically ally ally ally Control Control Control Controlled led led led
Valves Valves Valves Valves
Electric Electric Electric Electrically ally ally ally
Controlled Valves Controlled Valves Controlled Valves Controlled Valves
84
Flow Control Valve Application
Artificial
Lift
Sand Control Multilateral Injection Natural Gas
Lift
Multizone Subsea
On / Off
TRFC-H

TRFC-H

TRFC-HN
WRFC-H

TRFC-E

WRFC-E

Not applicable
Will require modifications
Applicable. means commercial job done
May require minor modifications
85
Choke Description
Open Position
Choke Position
Closed Position
86
Tubing Retrievable Flow Control Hydraulic : In-
Line
All TR valves available
In-Line
Path of
fluid flow
TRFC TRFC TRFC TRFC- -- -H HH H
TLFC TLFC TLFC TLFC- -- -H HH H
Standard slickline
retrievable PCE Plug utilized
Path of
fluid flow
87
Subsea
88
Subsea Systems Subsea Systems Subsea Systems Subsea Systems
89
Subsea Systems
90
SUBSEA TREE CONFIGURATIONS
Horizontal Tree
Conventional Tree
Tree Cap
Crown Plugs
Tubing Hanger
Treehead
Tree Cap
Master Valve Block
Treehead
Tree Connector
Wellhead
Tree Connector
Tubing Hanger
Wellhead
91
Conventional Tree
Installing hanger in the wellhead using a THROT (Tubing Installing hanger in the wellhead using a THROT (Tubing Installing hanger in the wellhead using a THROT (Tubing Installing hanger in the wellhead using a THROT (Tubing
Hanger Running Orientation Tool). Hanger Running Orientation Tool). Hanger Running Orientation Tool). Hanger Running Orientation Tool).
Well perforation and clean Well perforation and clean Well perforation and clean Well perforation and clean- -- -up are performed via a Riser, up are performed via a Riser, up are performed via a Riser, up are performed via a Riser,
deployed with the tree in open water deployed with the tree in open water deployed with the tree in open water deployed with the tree in open water
92
Horizontal Trees
Features : Features : Features : Features : Features : Features : Features : Features :- -- -- -- -
Completions up to 7 tubing. Completions up to 7 tubing. Completions up to 7 tubing. Completions up to 7 tubing.
Can reduce the total number of Can reduce the total number of Can reduce the total number of Can reduce the total number of
completions per field. completions per field. completions per field. completions per field.
Reduced overall tree size and cost of Reduced overall tree size and cost of Reduced overall tree size and cost of Reduced overall tree size and cost of
Reduced overall tree size and cost of Reduced overall tree size and cost of Reduced overall tree size and cost of Reduced overall tree size and cost of
manufacture. manufacture. manufacture. manufacture.
Total number of valves reduced. Total number of valves reduced. Total number of valves reduced. Total number of valves reduced.
Tubing hanger is landed in the tree Tubing hanger is landed in the tree Tubing hanger is landed in the tree Tubing hanger is landed in the tree
giving access for work over without giving access for work over without giving access for work over without giving access for work over without
tree removal. tree removal. tree removal. tree removal.
Tubing hanger orientates in the tree Tubing hanger orientates in the tree Tubing hanger orientates in the tree Tubing hanger orientates in the tree
eliminating BOP modifications used eliminating BOP modifications used eliminating BOP modifications used eliminating BOP modifications used
in conventional completion systems. in conventional completion systems. in conventional completion systems. in conventional completion systems.
93
Control Systems
Electro Electro Electro Electro- -- -Hydraulic control system Hydraulic control system Hydraulic control system Hydraulic control system
dual redundant computerized system dual redundant computerized system dual redundant computerized system dual redundant computerized system
dual redundant computerized system dual redundant computerized system dual redundant computerized system dual redundant computerized system
linked to the platform/FPSO SAS system via linked to the platform/FPSO SAS system via linked to the platform/FPSO SAS system via linked to the platform/FPSO SAS system via
umbilicals. umbilicals. umbilicals. umbilicals.
Hydraulically control the subsea valves located Hydraulically control the subsea valves located Hydraulically control the subsea valves located Hydraulically control the subsea valves located
on trees, manifolds and downhole on trees, manifolds and downhole on trees, manifolds and downhole on trees, manifolds and downhole
94
KOP (Kvaerner) Horizontal CHRISTMAS TREE
Other
type of
POD
(SCM)
POD
(SCM)
95
Control Systems Control Systems
Main Workover Umbilical
Utility Umbilical
Sheave
Control Panel
96
ROV INTERFACES ROV INTERFACES ROV INTERFACES ROV INTERFACES
REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE
Type MRV (Multi-role Vehicle)
Core vehicle to which options are added to perform the task
In addition to its
own weight can
handle work
packages of up
to 5000 kg.
97
Establishment of guidelines
Operation of manual lower master valve
Override of hydraulic valves
Operation of isolation needle valves
ROV INTERFACES ROV INTERFACES ROV INTERFACES ROV INTERFACES
OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY ROV
Operation of isolation needle valves
Change out of choke inserts
Change out of control pods
Flowline connection/umbilical connection
Unplanned interventions
Monitoring role.
98

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