International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013

Motor Speed Control Based On Temperature Using Can Protocol

CH.Mounika#1, K.S.Roy #2, Mahaboob Ali *3
#

Dept. of ECE, K.L.University Guntur, India * Vyas Informatics Hyderabad, India

Abstract -- . This paper describes how to control the DC motor based on the parameters like temperature changes using CAN protocol implementation. This Paper deals with the Control of DC Motor based upon the temperature changes that occur in a process in Industry. The LM35 series are precision integratedcircuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is directly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The Temperature changes are measured by the ADC and transmitted to the other node using the CAN Bus and the data is received at the other node based upon the data received the speed of the DC motor is Regulated using the PWM (pulse width Modulation) Technique. This PWM is achieved by on Chip Timers. The motor is connected to a cooling device to control the temperature. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a Serial, Asynchronous, Multi-master communication protocol for connecting electronic control modules in Automobile and industrial applications. CAN have many features like Less cost, Ease of implementation, point to point Networking with powerful Error Checking and with High Transmission Rate of 1MBitps.The CAN Network is a Peer to Peer Network consisting of different nodes. Different parameters can be monitored by these Nodes and can be updated to the Central Control Unit. Mostly used in Industry and Auto Mobiles and it is reliable. Current automobiles may have as many as fifty electronic control units (ECU) for various subsystems. Typically the biggest processor is the engine control unit in the automobiles; others are used for transmission, airbags, antilock braking, audio devices, windows, mirror adjustment, etc. Some of these form independent subsystems, but communications among others are essential. Subsystems need to control actuators or receive feedback from sensors. Thus to fulfill the above needs CAN standard was used. The CAN bus is used in vehicles to connect engine control unit and transmission, or (on a different bus) to connect the door locks, temperature control, seat adjustments etc. Key words-- CAN,PIC, C Compiler

I.INTRODUCTION Controllerarea network (CAN or CANbus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer.CAN is a messagebased protocol, designed for various applications like automotive applications ,industrial automation and medical equipment . This paper describes the design of a system that shows the operation of several subsystems emulating automotive and industrial applications across the CAN bus. II.BLOCK DIAGRAM

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013
The temperature sensor lm35 measures the temperature at the industries and send the analog values to the PIC controller. An Ignition switch is a switch in the control system of an internal combustion engined vehicle that activates the main electrical systems for the vehicle. Besides providing power to the ignition system components it also usually switches on power to many "accessories" (radio, power windows, etc.). A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. The proximity sensor emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The analog outputs of the sensors are digitized in the PIC controller and based upon the programming in the controller , control measures are to be taken by using the can controller by driving the motors. Here the programming is done using embedded C. . III.DESCRIPTION A.CAN Bus Overview The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a multi-master message broadcast system that is used in various systems where data is in the form of short messages are needed to be received at multiple locations parallely. As messages are sent to all the nodes in a system, CAN is especially used in systems where consistency in the received messages at all the receiving nodes is needed. Provisions are included in the protocol to reject messages if any destination node identifies an error. In such a case, all nodes are notified of the rejection, ensuring the data consistency across the network. Messages are sent to all nodes, but the message identifier indicate whether each node should act on the message. However, every node participate in indicating whether the message was sent correctly or not, and thus increasing the reliability of the bus. CAN is a multi-master broadcast serial bus standard for connecting electronic control units (ECUs).Each node is able to send and receive messages, but not at same time. The message consists primarily of an id, which represents the priority of the message, and 8 data bytes. It is transmitted serially to the bus. The signal pattern is encoded in non-return-to-zero(NRZ) waveform and is sensed by all nodes. The modules that are connected through CAN network are typically sensors, actuators, and other control devices. These devices are not connected directly to the bus, but through a host processor and a CAN controller so that if the bus is free, any node may begin to transmit. If two or more nodes begin sending messages simultaneously, the message with the more dominant id will overwrite other nodes' less dominant id's, so that eventually only the dominant message remains and is received by all nodes. This method is referred to as priority based bus arbitration. Messages with id of numerically smaller values have higher priority and are transmitted first. B. Node Requirements The host processor decides what received messages mean and which messages it wants to transmit itself. Sensors, actuators and control devices can be connected to the host processor. C. CAN controller (hardware with a synchronous clock). 1) Receving: The CAN controller stores received bits serially from the bus until an entire message is available, which can then be fetched by the host processor (usually after the CAN controller has triggered an interrupt). 2) Sending: The host processor stores its transmit messages to a CAN controller that transmits the bits serially through the bus. Bus state with two nodes transmitting

Truth table for dominant/recessive

.D. Data Transmission A CAN message that is transmitted with highest priority will succeed and the node that is transmitting the comparatively lower priority message will sense this and wait. This is achieved by CAN transmitting data through a binary model of "dominant" bits and "recessive" bits where dominant is a logical 0 and recessive is a logical 1. If one node transmits a dominant bit and another node transmits a recessive bit then the dominant bit "wins" (a logical AND between the two). Logical AND

Truth table for logical AND

A dominant bit is asserted by creating a voltage across the wires while a recessive bit is simply not asserted on the bus. If

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013
any node sets a voltage difference, all nodes get updated about it. Thus there is no delay to the higher priority messages. When used with a differential bus, a carrier sense multiple access/bitwise arbitration scheme (CSMA/BA) is implemented: if two or more devices start transmitting at the same time, there is a priority based arbitration scheme to decide which one will be granted permission to continue transmitting. The CAN solution to this is prioritized arbitration (and for the dominant message delay free), making CAN very suitable for real time prioritized communications systems. During arbitration, each transmitting node monitors the bus state and compares the received bit with the transmitted bit. If a dominant bit is received when a recessive bit is transmitted then the node stops transmitting (i.e., it lost arbitration). Arbitration is performed during the transmission of the identifier field. Every node starting to transmit at the same time sends an id. With dominant as binary value 0, starting from the high bit.If their id. is a larger number (lower priority) they will be sending 1 (recessive) and see 0 (dominant), so they back off. At the end of id. transmission, all nodes but one have backed off, and the highest priority message gets through unimpeded.
Fig : Controlling of different ECUs in car using CAN controller

This paper aims to implement a vehicle automation system to control the engine and body electronics of a car and also in the industries to control the temperature of heavy load machines by using coolants like air conditioners. This system will also be able to check and take remedial actions in case of failure of the accessories that are controlled by it. These nodes are made up of a can controller, a microcontroller and a can transceiver. The can nodes are connected to variable sensors for data collection and these data is transmitted through the can network to other nodes for processing. Among these nodes one is considered as server node and this node sends and receives commands and signals to and from other nodes and initiates necessary actions. This node is connected to an lcd display, which is used to display the menu and the actions being initiated by the server. A keypad is also connected to the server node to facilitate input of commands. The server node controls the engine electronics and body electronics of the car. Here we use the server to control the body electronics that is Head lights, seat belts, door lock, a/c etc. Sub node 1: This node is used to control the a/c and for checking door locks. This node monitors the door locks and sends signals to server to issue warnings when the door locks are not locked. This sub node also monitors the current temperature and operate the a/c to the desired temperature set by the user. The temperature is measured by a temperature sensor lm35, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the celsius temperature. Sub node 2: This node is used for seat belt and head light control. Here we will be using light sensor (ldr) which monitors the light infront of the car and take decision according to intensity of light (dim/bright the head light). Here the ldr measured values is in the range of 0-1023.If the ldr measured value is 0,the head lights will automatically on, or else if the ldr measured value is 1023,the headlights of the car will automatically off. This node also monitors the seat belts and sends signals to server to issue warnings when the seat belts are not locked. A photoresistor is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. It can also be called a light-dependent resistor (ldr), or photoconductor. A photoresistor is made of a high-resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. In the industrial applications the temperature of the machines are controlled by the lm35

IV. WORKING Embedded networking is currently the hottest topic in the embedded systems. Can is a technology designed for embedded networking in highly disturbed environments, like industries and automobiles. It is a powerful yet costeffective solution for connecting various embedded devices. This technology requires only two wires to connect between two different nodes.

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013
sensors.If the temperature is maintained above 40c ,automatically coolants will be on. V. ADVANTAGES Easy to implement and extend. Well-suited for temporary or small networks not requiring high speeds (quick setup) resulting in faster networks. Less expensive than other topologies (But in recent years has become less important due to devices like a switch) Cost effective; only a single cable is used. Easy identification of cable faults. The breakdown of a CAN station has no immediate impact on the CAN bus. All the other stations can communicate unconstrained. VI. CONCLUSION In this project we have implemented industrial parameter control through CAN protocol by using PIC microcontroller. By using CAN protocol a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontroller and devices to communicate with each other with in a vehicle without a host computer. The sensors, actuators and other control devices that are connected by CAN protocol. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: I am thankful to Mr. K Sripath Roy and Mr. Mahaboob Ali for their guidance in preparing this paper. REFERENCES
[1]. The New old Economy: oil, Computers And The Reinvention of the Earth, The atlantic by J.Rauch (2001). [2]. Hybrid control systems, UNESCO Encyclopedia of life support systems. Dept of signals, sensors & Systems, RoYal institute of technology, Sweden by K.H.Johansson (2002). [3]. Lecture notes on hybrid systems. Dept of Elect. Comp. Engg. University of Patras, Greece by J. Lygeros (2004). [4]. The 8051Micro controllers and embedded systems by A.K.Ray and Mazidi (2000). [5]. Design with PIC Micro controllers, Pearson education by John B peatman (1998). [6]. Embedded Micro controllers. Pearson Education by Todd D Morton (2001). [7]. Industrial Automation using CAN Bus Platform White Paper,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS [8]. Research Article ON CAN PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS [9]. Texas Instruments, Introduction to the Controller Area Network (CAN), Application Report SLOA101, August 2002. [10]. CANBus Networks Break into Mainstream Use, EDN, Aug. 22, 2002, pp.53-60 by D. Marsh.

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