VALUE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STATE RELATION

Research by: Rogelio Cruz San Juan, OS Presented to: Professor Lylia Corporal-Sena In Partial fulfilment of the Requirements of the Course: MAPSS 215 (Church and State Relations) Page 1

Value and Significance of State Relation Research by: SPO2 Rogelio Cruz San Juan, OS In Partial fulfilment of the Requirements of the Course: MAPSS 215 (Church and State Relations) Presented to: Professor Lylia Corporal-Sena The relationship between church and state is the institutional form of the relationship between the religious and political spheres. This relationship has taken a variety of forms historically and in the modern world from the state dominating religion to religion dominating the state and recent attempts to separate them. In most ancient civilizations this relationship was not clearly defined but it is one of the most significant themes running through western history. Jesus' command to "Render unto Caesar what is Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's," (Mark 12:17) fostered the development of separate rival Church and State institutions in Christendom. This rivalry between Emperor or King and Pope was a key feature of the politics of Europe in the Middle Ages which has no parallel in other religions. One would often intervene in the realm of the other and there have been many disputes over power, property, law, education and authority. The abuse of Papal authority intensified the irreconcilable conflicts of interest and led to the secular authorities limiting the powers of religious authorities either bringing them into submission as happened in Protestant countries after the Reformation or establishing a separation between church and state as in the United States so as to guarantee freedom of religion and independence of government. The relations between the Catholic Church and the state have been constantly evolving with various forms of government, some of them controversial in retrospect. In its history it has had to deal with various concepts and systems of governance, from the Roman Empire to the mediaeval divine right of kings, from nineteenth and twentieth century concepts of democracy and pluralism to the appearance of left- and right-wing dictatorial regimes. Typology of the relations between religion and the state

VALUE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STATE RELATION

Research by: Rogelio Cruz San Juan, OS Presented to: Professor Lylia Corporal-Sena In Partial fulfilment of the Requirements of the Course: MAPSS 215 (Church and State Relations) Page 2

The state dominating and using a religion for its own purposes. This is called Erastianism and happened in Lutheran Germany and Petrine Russia where the church was a department of state and was expected to support and legitimize the government. In both countries the churches failed their prophetic responsibility to criticize the unjust actions of the state. A variant of this is caesaropapism where the king ruled both Crown and Church. Typology of the relations between religion and the state Religion dominating the state. This occurred for much of western European history as the Pope, using a forged document called the Donation of Constantine, claimed that he had the authority to appoint and depose kings, and would excommunicate those who did not obey him. Typology of the relations between religion and the state Theocracy, a form of government in which divine power governs an earthly human state, either in a personal incarnation or, more often, via religious institutional representatives (i.e., a church), replacing or dominating civil government. Such was the case in Calvin's Geneva and the Vatican. Typology of the relations between religion and the state A state which has its own secular ideology and tries to suppress or eliminate traditional religions which it regards as false and socially subversive rivals as occurred in Communist countries. Typology of the relations between religion and the state A separation of church and state in which there is religious freedom and all religions are treated equally, which is the case in the United States, and no religious body has any official influence over the state. The result can be the formation of a civil religion with a pledge of allegiance and where the symbols of the state, such as the flag, take on a quasi-religious status. Typology of the relations between religion and the state The Eastern Orthodox churches conceive of the relationship between church and state as a symphony. The state defends the church by oppressing other denominations while the church supports the state by encouraging patriotism and acceptance of the state's policies. Each has its own domain in caring for the needs of the people. Typology of the relations between religion and the state Islam has traditionally not made any distinction between religion and state as the lemma function as both jurists and theologians. The concept of the state is not prominent in Islamic thought for theological and historical reasons. Islam sees itself as a transnational religion. Typology of the relations between religion and the state

VALUE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STATE RELATION

Research by: Rogelio Cruz San Juan, OS Presented to: Professor Lylia Corporal-Sena In Partial fulfilment of the Requirements of the Course: MAPSS 215 (Church and State Relations) Page 3

The state and religion as rival sources of authority and identity which can be in conflict with each other. This was the situation in the Roman Empire before Christianity became the official religion as well as much of medieval European history. Typology of the relations between religion and the state The religious state where the ruler is believed to be god and the whole of society is orientated to the worship of the ruler and the state is seen as sacred and not secular as was the case in Ancient Egypt. CONCLUSION There will always be tension in the relationship between church and state as the spiritual culture of a country changes. At times the churches will be able to have religious moral values enshrined in legislation. At other times it will be secular values that will predominate. In some ways the relationship could be compared to that of a well-ordered mind and body. The church should provide the spiritual and moral values that should inform the public life of a country and be embodied in its legislation giving it a sense of purpose or vision. Thank you and Have a nice day !!!