POLICE OPERATION PLANNING By: PROF. OSCAR G. SORIANO, LC BSCrim., MSBA, MACrim. Ph.D.Crim.

=================================================== Introduction The task of preparing a police plan and program can not be completed without an in-depth study and considerable preliminary inquiry before the outlining of decision and program of action for future implementation. In such cases, the person to whom the responsibility has been delegated must work out all the details completely. All the legwork of gathering the pertinent data must be performed, after the approach to the problem has been carefully planned, and a line of procedure derived. Ordinary, concise, brief, and to the point plan and program of action should be prepared so that the end user can conserve human and logistical requirements in implementing the project. Such plans and programs should be supplemented by a more detailed concept of operation and appropriate agenda, which may be referred to in the event further particulars, is desired. Definition of Police Planning

It is a systematic and continuous process of preparing a set of decision for action in the future, directed in achieving goal by optimal means and of learning from the outcome about the possible new sets of decision and new goals to be achieved. Definition of Police Programming It is a plan of what is to be done or a set of instructions outlining the steps to be performed in a specific and operational undertaking of a police organization. Other Definitions of Police Planning 1. The process of combining all aspects of the police organization and the realistic anticipation of future problems, the analysis of strategy to detail. 2. The use of rational design or pattern of all police organization undertakings rather than relying on chance. 3. The act of determining policies and guidelines for police activities and operations and providing controls and safeguards for such activities and operations in the police organization. Purpose of Police Planning 1. It implements policy and clarifies it by defining more precisely an immediate objective and

purpose and outlining what is to be done to achieve it. 2. A plan and program serves as a guide or reference on both training and performance and simplifies the direction of group members. 3. The planning and programming process gives continued attention to the improvement of practices and procedure. 4. A plan and program enables a check accomplishment thereby affecting control. on

5. Wise planning and programming assures the most effective and economical use of resources in accomplishing organizational purpose. Classification of Police Planning and Programming 1. Reactive

Almost all police organizations engage at one time or another in reactive planning and programming, that is they develop a plan in response to crisis or when forced to do so to implement a decisions made by some other person. 2. Contingency

Contingency planning and programming envisions the possibility that some special incident such as riot, hostage situation, or major transportation disaster may occur, and is based on the organizations wish to be prepared when it does occur, the plan and program often results from the lesson learned by other organizations that had face
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similar events and found that their preparation had been inadequate. 3. Strategic

Strategic planning requires the organizations to set goals for at least five years into the future and devise steps that need to be taken to achieve goals. 4. Operational Efficiency

In operational efficiency planning and programming, current processes are reviewed, and recommendations for improvements are made. Examples of that type of planning and programming are resource allocation studies, studies of investigative efficiency, the examination of patrol procedures. This planning and programming process often consist of short-term, one-time projects, although the planning and programming really should be conducted to be use wisely as condition change. Sequence of Planning and Programming Process 1. Setting Planning and Programming Goals

Normally, the first planning and programming question is what needs to be accomplished? What is the desired future steps? The obviousness of the answer may depend on the kind of planning and programming being done. 2. Preparing for Planning and Programming programming requires assignment be made,
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Successful planning and that some ongoing planning

someone must do the planning and programming, although who is this may vary depending on the level or subject of planning or programming. 3. Identifying the Problems

The first step in beginning to identify problems is to asses the present situation, describing the current state of affairs that may involve in scanning the environment, performing research both inside and outside the organization. 4. Identifying and Analyzing Alternative Solutions

Once a problem is identified, alternative courses of action must be build-out for analysis. The planner and programmer should consider the extent to which the different courses of action and the criteria for judging the strength of each course of action. In other words, once the goals are set, different ways of reaching them must be analyzed and asses. Significance Programming and Importance of Planning and

The increasing complexity of police operation demands the utmost skill and careful planning in order to ensure the accomplishments of police objectives and missions. Planning and programming process must be done in all police organization regardless of size. People Responsible Process in Planning and Programming

In organization of medium size or larger, there is a need for a planning unit to assist the police executives in his administrative duty of planning, and to point out to operating personnel and to supervisor the need for plans, and to urge their preparation and development. In smaller organization, the responsibility for staff planning may be given to an officer in addition to his duties. Planning must include the experience of the line officers, the facts of the statistician, the opinion of the analysts, the ideas of every member of the force and the counsel and advised of every divisions and/or offices that may play a part in the executions of plans. Responsibility in Planning and Programming Police planning shall be done both within and without the organization. The main concern of the police in external policy planning is to assists the legislature of the city or municipal council in determining police guidelines through the passage of appropriate laws and ordinances and resolutions for the police to enforce. On the other hand, the police executive shall be responsible for establishing internal operational policies to achieve the objectives and missions of police organizations. The police executives shall be responsible for planning, reporting, and budgeting for the police organization within existing policies and available resources.
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For police maximum effectiveness he shall be responsible for the technical operation of the police organization and the management of its personnel. Steps in Planning and Programming 1. Frame of Reference

This shall be based on a careful selection on the matters relating to the situations in which plans are being developed, and opinions or ideas of persons who may speak with authority on the subject concerned. 2. Clarifying the Problems the its

This calls for the identification of problem, understanding both its record and possible solutions. 3. Collecting all Pertinent Facts

Attempts shall not be made to develop a plan until facts relating to it have been gathered. 4. Analyzing the Facts

After all data have been gathered, a careful analysis and evaluation shall be made. 5. Developing Alternative Plans

In the initial phases of plan development, several alternative measures will appear to be logically comparable to the needs of a situation.
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6.

Selecting the Most Appropriate Alternative

A careful consideration of all facts usually leads to the selection of a best of alternative proposal. 7. Selling the Plan

A plan to be effectively carried out must be accepted by persons concerned at the appropriate level of the plans development. 8. Arranging for Executions of the Plan

The execution of a plan requires the issuance of orders and directives to concerned unit or personnel, the establishment of a schedule, and the provision of manpower and equipment for carrying out the plans. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Plan The results of the plan shall be determined, and this is necessary in order to know whether correct alternative was chosen, whether the plan was correct, which phase was poorly implemented, and whether additional planning may be necessary. Three Types of Police Plan According to Range 1. 2. Short Range Medium Range 1 year 2 years
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3.

Long Range

3 years

Types of Research Useful in Making Police Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. Fact finding research Conclusion oriented Decisions oriented Action research

Job Description of Police Planner To assist and advise the police executives in the areas of plans and programs that are beyond the immediate operational and tactical range; organizational and force development, policies, doctrines and regulations, legislative, interagency and international affairs; arms and equipment research and development; special studies, research projects and requirements that are needed for the effective and efficient administration and operation of police organization. Mission Statement and General Functions of Police Planners 1. Formulates and supervises the executions of plans and programs, to include organizational and force development that are beyond the immediate operational and tactical range.

2. Develops and monitors the implementations of policies, doctrines and regulations in collaboration with the other police offices. 3. Liaisons prepare position agenda. with the law making body and papers on pertinent legislative and nonin joint

4. Liaisons with the government government agencies and participates planning activities.

5. Takes staff action on matters pertaining to research, development, and test arms and equipment of the police organization 6. Liaisons with the international foreign body and staff action on foreign bilateral and multilateral matters and international commitments. 7. Undertakes special studies and research projects and make position papers needed for the effective and efficient administration and operation of the police organization. 8. Prepares accomplishments police organizations reports of the

9. Maintain and manages the central records system of the police organization. 10. Provides secretarial services to the police organizations Weapons System Boards, Rules and Regulations Boards, and other related bodies. 11. Perform other functions as may be directed by the proper authorities.

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Characteristics of Effective Police Planning 1. 2. 3. 4. Clearly defined objectives and goals. Simplicity. Flexibility. Possibility of attainment. for Standard Operating

5. Provisions Procedures (SOPs).

6. Economy in terms of resources needed for implementation. 7. Anticipated operations. effect or effects on future

Objectives in the Execution of Police Plan 1. 2. 3. Protection of persons and properties. Preservation of the peace. Prevention of crime. or suppression of criminal

4. Repression activities. 5. 6. 7.

Apprehension of criminals. Enforcement of laws and ordinances. Safeguarding of public health and morals.

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8. Prompt execution processes of the courts. 9. Coordination and law-enforcement agencies. Definition of Police Plans

of

criminal with

writs other

cooperation

The plans are the result of planning or proposal design to guide and direct to be performed by the police organization. Definition of Police Programs It is a general statement of direction which is not necessary measurable, but nonetheless expressed in an organizations intent. Types of Police Plan 1. Procedural

Are those plans relating to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and are useful as guides to personnel in such activity as the serving and processing of search warrant, recording and processing of crime or incident reports, and the processing of traffic citation, these procedural plan must be reviewed from time to time as the need for changes arises to increase operational efficiency. 2. Tactical

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Are those plans which are prepared to meet exigencies encountered by police, such as widespread civil disorders, unusual crime problems, civil defense needs or major disasters, this plans are prepared considerably in advance of expected incidents and are largely based on field intelligence supplied by supervisory personnel and the expertise they are able to provide in assessing future needs. These plans are designed to guide personnel in controlling unusual happenings and restoring order as quickly and as efficiently as possible. The method of control are substantially the same as ordinary police operations but must be expanded to meet the requirements of each occurrence, it is necessary that such plans must be basic, flexible in nature and adaptable to modification as the need arises. 3. Operational

Are those designed to give guidance and direction to personnel in the performance of the normal police activities. Those are plans which guide the personnel in activities as the deployment and distribution of personnel or the search for the suspects or lost persons. 4. Auxiliary Services

Are those plans, which implement normal operation such as in the recruitment of personnel, police community relations activities, and the likes. 5. Fiscal

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Are those plans which relates to those matters for budget preparation and use and control of funds allotted for personnel, equipment and supplies. Procedure in Classifying Police Plan During the preparation, a plan can have a higher security classification, but later it can be downgraded to enable more people to have access. Implementation Process of Police Operational Plan The implementation process of police operational plan has been described as a system of pressure and counter-pressure akin to political maneuvering in which constant negotiation goes on and the police executives are exercising considerable persuasion in their attempt to obtain desire result. In other sense, it is simply requires good solid management. Once a new plan or program has been designed, attention must be directed toward the following requirements. 1. Providing necessary resources, to include financial, material, personnel and authority. 2. Providing direction so that employees know what to do and why. 3. Providing control directions are followed. What is Raid to ensure that the

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It is a special type of operation and it is an extreme measure used when all other measures or means failed. Definition of Police Raid A raid must be legal, having its basis in lawful process and conducted in a legal manner. This will be in a form of a search warrant or warrant of arrest. The raid may be in pursuit of a person reasonably believed to be guilty of a felony when it is known that the felony has just been committed. Objectives and Purposes of a Police Raid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Factors Raid 1. 2. 3. 4. Apprehend Suspect/s Secure Evidences Recover Stolen Property Confiscate Contraband Prevent the Commission of the Crime Affecting Success or Effectiveness of a

Size of Raiding Party Speed Surprise Superiority of Firepowers and Equipment

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5.

Simplicity of Plan and Operation

Composition of Raiding Party 1. Raid Commander, Assistant Raid Commander, Covering or Surrounding Party. 2. Going-in detail or entering party. inoperative the

3. In-charge of rendering subjects vehicle, if any.

4. Recorder, who should keep accurate logs of the raid, gathers evidence, make inventories and testify in court. 5. 6. In-charge of the raiding vehicle. Photographer.

Duties of Covering Party 1. Covers entering party. 2. 3. 4. approach of going-in detail or

Prevents the escape of criminals. Covers the entire area of the building. Neutralizing fire of barricaded criminals.

Duties of Going-In Detail or Entering Party 1. Calls for surrender of criminals.

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2. 3. 4.

Effects arrests. Incapacities and dislodges criminals. Searches for evidence.

Factors to be Considered in Planning a Raid 1. The terrain and subjected to close study. building should be

2. In order to obtain the necessary data for planning, a reconnaissance/surveillance of the place should be conducted. 3. The participants should be informed of the nature of the mission. 4. The specific assignment and position of each member of the raiding party, the tactics to be employed, the equipment and transportation to be used, the evaluation of possible danger points; and the optimum time to be selected should be stressed. Things to be Considered in Planning a Raid 1. Need for surveillance.

2. Number of individual to be apprehended. Are they armed? With what? If uncertain, assumed they are armed. 3. Are photographs and description subjects available for use in the briefing? of

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3. Determine the physical structure place where the criminals are located. 4. Determine all the possible routes. photograph the

of

the

5. Need to discreetly and immediate area.

place

6. Type of neighborhood where the hideout is located. 7. Volume and kind of activities in the neighborhood at various times to determine the most desirable time to conduct the raid. 8. Street plans of neighborhood for possible roadblocks. 9. Do the men have confidence in the ability of the raid leader. 10. Consider the 5Ss affecting the success or effectiveness of a raid. 11. Consider party. the composition of the raiding

12. Does every member of the raiding groups know the raid plan completely, and the identities and duties of individuals? 13. What is your move-out plan? 14. What are the instructions concerning the use of firearms? 15. What are the instructions concerning the possible handling of traffic?
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16. What are the instruction communications, and signals, etc?

concerning

17. How do you identify each other, armbands, passwords, and insignia, etc? 18. Make sure your plan avoid crossfire. 19. Do you have all the equipment you might need, such as flashlights, searchlights, vehicle, transceivers, loudspeakers or megaphone, firearms, teargas, etc? 20. Ask each participant to repeat his duties to the raid leader. Principles of Raid Operation 1. Coordination of individual effort essential element in the success of raid. 2. is an

The raiding party should act as a team.

3. The members of the team should hold his assigned position until orders given by the team leader. 4. The members of the team should thoroughly understand the objectives, the plan of actions and the orders. 5. Before leaving the headquarters to proceed to the target, the team leader must conduct a final briefing of personnel.

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6. After assembly of the men at the designated area which should not too be close to the target area, they should not assume the appearance of a formal gathering. 7. The raiders vehicle should be safeguarded to prevent use by the subject/s and/or targets/s. 8. Vehicles belonging to the subjects should be rendered inoperative by the simplest available means. 9. A cordon should be posted, depending upon the availability of men, to prevent possible escape, and restrain people from wandering. 10. In the event the suspect/s fails to heed the warning to surrender, entry must be made through one point so that raiders will not mistake one another. 11. As soon as the raid is completed, guards should be left to protect the property and to observe or apprehend associates of the suspect. 12. The raiders then reassemble at a designated place for final accounting of all the members of the team. Coordination with Local Police Units It is imperative that immediately before the service of a search warrant or warrant of arrest, the team leader should see to it that proper coordination is made with local police executive having jurisdiction over the target premises. The coordinating party is bound merely to relay that
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their team is conducting an operation in the area. This gesture of coordination is not only a manifestation of courtesy, but also a measure to avoid the possibility of a mistake encounter. Donts in a Raid 1. Dont take unnecessary chances.

2. Dont underestimate the ability or courage of the subject/s. 3. Dont raid when not properly prepared. the lives who of are by-standers not well

4. Dont endanger and innocent people.

5. Dont use raiders acquainted with each other. 6. gas. 7. Dont subject/s. 8. Dont imperative. be

Dont forget gas masks when employing tear unnecessarily to kill rough on the very

shoot

unless

9. Dont touch the evidence unless seen by witness, or by the owner or occupants of the place. What are the Things to be Seized at the Scene of the Raid

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1. Weapons raiding party.

which

may

be

used

against

the

2. Articles that might be used as means of suicide. 3. Articles that might be used in escaping. might be used in the

4. Articles that commission of a crime. 5.

Proceeds or fruits of the crime.

Disposition of Money and Valuable Property During Raid 1. Money should be number of bills noted. counted and the serial

2. Valuables should be sealed in a property envelope in the presence of the owner. 3. Property envelope should show a complete inventory of its contents. 4. The owner should initial the outside of the envelope showing approval of its contents. 5. Raiding officers should sign their names on the outer part of the envelope. 6. A receipt should be given to the owner of the premises. However, this is qualified by the decisions of the Supreme Court declaring as inadmissible in evidence the receipt for property seized signed by the accused in cases where mere possession of the items seized is punishable.
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Disposition Warrant

of

Articles

not

Covered

with

Search

1. If the articles are illicit or contraband, the same must be seized. 2. Such articles may be used as evidence to prosecute the person. 3. Non-contraband articles must be returned to the owners or must not be seized in the first place. Duty of Arresting Officers Arresting units shall at all times take the mug-shots, modus operandi through the conduct of criminal interrogation, and fingerprints of all arrested persons for master file and rouges gallery. Definition of Search Search is an examination of an individual person, house or effects, or other buildings and premises to discover contrabands or some evidence of guilt to be used in the prosecution of a criminal action.

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What are the Things to be Search 1. Property subject of the offense. and other

2. Property stolen or embezzled proceeds or fruits of the crime.

3. Property used or intended to be used for committing an offense. May Things Illegally Seized be Admitted as Evidence The fruit of an illegal search are inadmissible as evidence. Any evidence obtained in violation of the rights of the people against unlawful searches and seizures shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceedings. May Articles not Mentioned in the Search Warrant be Seized Generally, articles not included in the search warrant may not be seized. However, articles prohibited by statutes, although not included in the search warrant, may be seized. Thus, during the progress of a bonafide search for other commodities illegally possesses, whether with search warrant or not, contrabands or items declared illegal per se are discovered, the contraband can be seized. The seizure of goods wherein the possession of which is forbidden by statutes violates no constitutional rights. How to Serve a Search Warrant

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A Search Warrant must be served within 10 (ten) days from its date, and in the following manner: 1. The police officer concerned must go to the place indicated in the search warrant and take the things described therein, in the presence of at least one (1) competent witness who is a resident of the same neighborhood. 2. The search must be made at daytime, unless otherwise stated. 3. The officer seizing the property must issue a detailed receipt of the things seized to the persons whose possessions it was found, or in the absence of such person, he must, in the presence of at least one (1) witness, leave such receipt in the place where such things were seized. 4. As much as possible, during the opening of safes, drawers, cabinets, tables, etc., the lifting of articles should be done by the owner of the house or his representative, or by immediate members of his family to preclude any suspicion of planting evidence. 5. Thereafter, the officer must immediately deliver things or property seized to the judge who issued the search warrant together with an inventory duly verified under oath. Lawful Warrantless Search 1. 2. view. When there is consent or waiver. When evidence to be seized is in plain

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3. Customs search or searches made at airports and or seaports in order to collect duties. 4. Search of moving vehicles may be made without warrant because it would be impracticable to secure a warrant before engaging in hot pursuit. 5. Routine searches made interest of national security checks and/ or checkpoints. at or in the such as boarder

6. Stop-and-search or stop-and-frisk, where the search precedes the arrest, and is allowed on grounds of reasonable suspicion. 7. Search incidental to lawful arrest

Search of Persons Arrested 1. Probe, do not pat, a female operatives should be used to search female suspects. 2. 3. found. 4. The need to handcuff the subjects. Do not stop the search when weapon is

Look for prohibited items or evidences.

5. Look for items which may be used to commit suicides. 6. fire. Searches should never cross the line of

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7. Do not talk to the suspect while in the course of search. 8. Do not grant subjects request to attend something before, during or immediately after the search. 9. In a search by a single officer, have the gun ready with the gun at a distance from the subject. 10. Be sure to search every part of the body and clothing. Types of Search 1. Wall Search

The purpose is to place the subject in an offbalance position requiring the use of both arms and legs to keep him from falling to the ground. This is the safest type of search. It does not necessarily require a wall; any object that can support the weight of the subject can be used. The procedures are: 1) Require the subject to place both hands on the wall slightly higher than his waist. Spread hands as far as possible. Palms should be placed against the wall, finger extended. 2) Extend the subjects feet back away from the wall. Spread them as far as possible, toes pointed out. Buttocks should not be on an arch position.

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3) The subjects head should be down or bowed at all times. 4) Follow the hereunder executing the Wall Search. mechanics in

a. If there is only one (1) subject, the leader of the searching team should placed himself at one side, while his subordinate is on the other side. b. To search the other side, subordinate should move to the opposite side. the

c. If there are two (2) or three (3) subjects, move one subject to be search on the wall, but out of reach of the others. d. Search both sides of subject, the leader conducting the searches and the subordinate guarding the other subject. e. Move one (1) subject at a time.

f. The subordinate should concentrate on the actions of the subject and not on the action of the leader. g. When there are more than three (3) subjects, additional personnel should be summoned. h. In serious apprehensions, the searcher should hold his weapon in ready position all throughout the search. with i. The body must be search systematically the foot of the researcher place tightly

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against the subjects foot, right with right, left with left, anklebone against anklebone. g. Remove any object found, then examine the palm of the hand, including between the fingers. 2. Standing Search his head and the

1) Raise subjects hand over spread the feet as far as possible. 2) This is not recommended subject is an on balance position. 3. Kneeling Search on the

because

1) Subject kneels raised over his head.

ground

with for

hand the

2) This is also being discouraged same reason as the standing search. 4. Prone Search

1) Subject lies on his stomach with arms and legs outstretched. 2) Subject has both arms and legs free, and is at all times in an on-balance position. 3) Front searched. part of the clothing cannot if be the

4) This can be extremely subject has knowledge of judo.

dangerous

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Arrest Defined Arrest is the taking of person into custody of the law in order that he may be duty bound to answer for the commission of an offense. Who are Exempted from Arrest 1. Senators or Members of the House of Representatives, while the Congress is in session in all offenses punishable by not more than six (6) years imprisonment. 2. Diplomatic officials and their domestics.

Techniques in Making Arrest 1. Initial Contact with the Subject

1) Police officer identifies in a clear and audible voice. 2) Show identification. is under subjects

3) Inform the subject that he arrest, and immediately narrate the constitutional rights.

4) Consider the possibility that the subject is wanted for other crimes. 2. Conduct of Arresting Officer

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1) Be natural and pleasant but forceful and aggressive. 2) 3) 4) 5) Dominate the situation. Voice must have command authority. Demand prompt and absolute obedience. Nervousness should be controlled.

6) Avoid profanity, this reflects personality weakness. 7) Avoid acting tough as the subject will be the first to detect it. 8) 9) Avoid being reticent or apologetic. Avoid unnecessary conversation. does the talking and

10) Officer-in-charge gives the command.

Police Officer Making the Arrest 1. Use good judgment in connection with the arrest. 2. Assume that the subject is armed and will take your life if given an opportunity. Procedures of Arrest on the Street 1. This should be made from the side or rear when possible.
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2. Subject building. 3.

should

be

forced

toward

Avoid congested areas when possible. at Home, Office, or

Procedures of Arrest Business Establishment

1. Restricts the subjects movement. Do not grant request for personal privileges before being searched. 2. Clothing and other things requested should be examined for weapons or items of evidence before turning them over the suspects. Medical Examinations of Arrested Persons Immediately after the arrest of a person ordered arrested by the court, or a suspect under investigation, he should be subjected to a medical examination. Prior to his release or any change of custody, the suspect should also be medically examined by a medico-legal officer or, in the absence of such medico-legal officer, by any government physician in the area. General Rules in the Conduct of Police Operations 1. Under all circumstances, the use of force, including firearms, is justifiable only by virtue of the Doctrines of Self-Defense and Defense of Strangers. As stated by the Supreme Court, nobody,

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including the police and even above, but subject to the law.

the

military,

is

2. The use of force, especially firearms, shall be applied only as last resort, when all other peaceful and non-violent means have been exhausted. 3. Whenever resulted to, only necessary and reasonable force sufficient to conduct selfdefense, defense of a stranger and/or subdue/overcome the clear and imminent danger posse or resistance being put up by a malefactor or group shall be applied. 4. In case of actual shoot-out with the suspect, panic firing shall be avoided. Panic firing is opening fire and everyone else follows suit. The police officer in-charge of the operation shall see to it that he exercises control over his men and that they shall fire only when necessary. 5. The police officer shall ensure that no innocent bystanders are hit. Hence, extreme caution shall be observed when firing in congested areas. Here the practical rules of shooting only to save life could well be applied. 6. After shoot-out, the police officer shall check whether the suspect is still alive or has been neutralized. In case the suspect has been wounded and disabled, he shall be brought with adequate security to the nearest hospital for medical treatment. 7. The police siren and megaphone shall be used to influence/warn the offenders/suspects to stop and peacefully give up.
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8. The use of force specially firearms, shall be tempered with such considerations as keeping foremost in the law enforcers mind the safety of the hostage, avoiding crossfire casualties and preventing collateral damages to third parties. Reasonable force to neutralize the vehicle and enemy/suspects resistance is sufficient. 9. In case of an unavoidable engagement with the criminal elements, immediate removal of the casualties from the crime scene shall be undertaken after the necessary sketches, pictures and other investigative requirements are accomplished. The victim bodies shall always be segregated from those of the suspects. All SOPs of crime scene investigation shall be strictly followed. 10. Human Rights shall and respected at all times. Special Rules in Arrest 1. All arrest shall be effected pursuant to Rule 113 of the Rules on Criminal Procedures, as amended. 2. Warrant of Arrest shall remain effective until the accused/respondent is arrested or the case against him is terminated. It shall also cease to be effective upon released of the accused on bail. 3. If within ten arrest of thru the the accused/respondents is not arrested (10) days from receipt of the warrant of the office, unit or station concerned service thereof, a report shall be
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be

strictly

observed

submitted to the court of origin within ten (10) days following the expiration of the original tenday validity. In this case, only a xerox copy of the warrant shall be attached to the report and the original shall be retained by the office, unit or station to whom it was delivered for execution. The unexecuted original copy of the warrant may be xeroxed and furnished other law enforcement agencies, in the area where the accused/respondents may be found. 4. A peace officer or a private person may arrest a person without warrant when in his presence the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is about to commit an offense; or he has personal knowledge of the facts indicating that the person to be arrested is the one who has committed the offense, or is a prisoner who has escaped from penal establishment or place where he is serving final judgement or temporarily confined while his case is pending or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement or another. In all these instances, the person making the arrest shall observe strict compliance with the rules of arrest; and with due regards to the dignity and rights of the individual to be arrested. The said arrest of any person without warrant shall be disclosed to a barangay officials or persons of known probity and integrity in the community before he is taken into the custody. The person arrested without warrant shall be forthwith delivered to the nearest police station or jail, and he shall be proceeded against in accordance with law. 5. In all instances of arrest, the arresting peace officer or private person shall inform the person to be arrested of the intention to arrest
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him, and the cause for the arrest, unless the person to be arrested is then engaged in the commission of an offense or is pursued immediately after its commission or after an escape or flees or forcibly resists before the officer or the person making the arrest has opportunity to inform him, or when the giving of such information will imperil the arrest. 6. In the case of motorized suspect to be arrested, the siren and megaphone shall be used to warn the occupants to park their vehicle and giveup peacefully. The arresting officer shall approach the person on foot with proper back-up from his companions. The driver and other suspects shall be requested to get out of the car with both hands visible to the apprehending officer. If the situation warrants the arrest, the apprehended suspects shall be brought to the police station for further investigation. Rules on Search and Seizures 1. The general rule is that a search and seizure must be carried through with a judicial warrant, otherwise such search and seizure become unreasonable and things seized in violation of this rule, shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. 2. Where the arrest of the accused is lawful, having been caught in flagrante delicto, there is no need for a warrant for the seizure of the fruit of the crime as well as for the body search upon him, the same being incidental to lawful arrest.

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3. The warrantless search and seizure as an incidental to a suspects lawful arrest may extend beyond the person arrested, to include the premises or surroundings under his immediate control. Rules on Check/Choke Points 1. Only mobile checkpoints are authorized and they shall be established only in conjunction with on-going operations/situations, or when there is a need to arrest a criminal or fugitive from justice. The conduct of searches and arrest in said checkpoints shall be done with civility and with due regard to the innocent passersby and commuters. The area where the checkpoints are established shall properly lighted, eligible and clear signs shall be exhibited to show that the searches are being conducted. Enforcement officers shall at all times in uniform with their identification cards and nameplates on. The unit manning checkpoint shall always be led by an officer with the rank of at least inspector. Strictly there shall be no mulcting, extortion or harassment of drivers, passengers, traders, etc. 2. In the event checkpoints/roadblocks are ignored and the motorist/suspects bumped the roadblocks in an attempt to elude arrest or avoid inspections, the team leader shall automatically contact the adjacent units to inform them of the incident, and request them to set roadblocks, if necessary and conduct pursuit operation of the fleeing motorist. Warning shot is not encourage due to the confusion it can create to the driver/passengers of the vehicles. Megaphone or police siren shall be used instead of warning shots. Notation of the plate number is a must

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because the occupants of the vehicles may possibly elude the pursuit operation. 3. In the event the occupants of the vehicle fire towards the personnel manning the checkpoints, overkill tendencies shall be avoided to avoid tragic and embarrassing situations which may adversely affect the police organization and the government, and in the process, reduced the peoples trust and confidence. Reasonable force to immobilize the vehicle and-or neutralize the suspects resistance shall be sufficient Planning Unlawful Operations Assembly/Civil Disturbance

Civil unrest seems to be indigenous to civilization, although there are times when it is apparent in isolated situations or among small numbers of people. Laborers, students, and causeoriented groups have been most prominent and dramatic in their efforts to effect immediate changes in the social practices and standards. They conduct demonstration, sit-ins, teaching, and nonviolent civil disobedience, which usually begins as non-destructive incidents but sometimes end in violence and bitter combat. Some movements include mass criminal conspiracies for the purpose of interfering with lawful processes. Other produce spontaneous riotous outburst arising out of ostensibly peaceful assembly. The continually recurring conditions of civil unrest and lawlessness throughout the country make it appears that it is possible for a major disturbance to occur and at any time and when there are enough people for a quorum. Given the right
38

combination of factors, any situation involving large numbers of people may evolve or explode into an unlawful assembly. Without immediate decisive police action, the situation could quickly evolve into a full-scale riot. Indicators of Unlawful Assembly 1. An increase in the recurrence of the same rumor, or the sensationalism of rumors of similar design, such as alleged police abuse, and lost of trust and confidence on the government. 2. An increase in threatening or insulting signs or pamphlets in commercial or other public places. 3. An increase in number violence or threats of violence. of incidents of

4. Disturbances at various locations that appear to be a similar nature as if designed to test the capabilities of the police organization or the decisiveness of the officer-in-charge of an institution such as school, as a prelude to more serious action later. 5. More than the usual number of disturbance at places of entertainment or sporting events. 6. Factional gang fighting or warfare or a series of raids on parties and places of peaceful congregation. 7. Threats and attacks on private property.

39

8. An increasing need for the use of force in effecting the arrest, as though there were a planned effort to bait the police. 9. An accompanying increase in the number of complaints about abusive practices of the police and/or the government, and the continuing claim that such complaint is receiving no satisfactory action. 10. Public name-calling and a general attitude of contempt and disrespect to police officers. Police Purpose Assembly 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Containment Arrest of Violators Dispersal Re-entry must be Prevented Establish Priorities and Objective During Unlawful

Stages in the Formation of Unlawful Assembly 1. Stage 1-First Stage

At this stage the crowd is still functioning as a conglomeration of individuals. 2. Stage 2-Second Stage

40

In the second stage, the crowd members lose their individuality and begin to function as a single unit. 3. Stage 3-Third Stage mob is functioning as a single unit are in control, any event is likely to violent action or the riot is happen.

By now the and its leaders to precipitate just waiting to

Procedure in Handling Unlawful Assembly 1. 2. 3. 4. 4. Assess the Situation Communicate Establish a Command Center Take Immediate Action Give the Dispersal Order

Procedures During Dispersal 1. Assign witness at strategic locations who can testify that they heard the issuance of dispersal order. 2. Order the crowd to disperse.

3. Order all the members of the Civil Disturbance Management (CDM) contingent to stand ready, guarding the perimeter, but making it possible for the people to leave as directed.

41

4. Expedite the departure of the people who are commanded to disperse. 5. Repeat the order at least three (3) times so that many people as possible can hear the giving of dispersal order. 6. limit. Wait until the expiration of the time

7. At the end of the time limit, arrest the offenders. Duties of Police Officers During Strike and LockOuts 1. The key to effective police action at the scene of a labor management dispute is to be completely fair and objective. 2. It is not the police role to assume that either side is right or wrong. 3. The police responsibility is to establish contact with both the company being struck and the leader of the strikers and to point out that the police role is to enforce the law and to protect life and property. 4. Ask for the cooperation of all the parties of both sides of the dispute. 5. The police concern is compliance with the laws and protection of the people from personal injury or property damage.

42

6. When working at the scene of a strike, provide for the free flow of pedestrian and vehicle traffic on the streets, the driveways, and the sidewalks. 7. Handle the matter in such a way that it does not indicate any alliance or sympathy with either side of the dispute. 8. Arrest violators. should be made to flagrant

9. Take all necessary information and prepare a complete report. 10. Worked out for a more appropriate course of action to resolve matters away of the picket line. Rules on Management Unlawful Assembly/Civil Disturbance

1. The pertinent provisions of the Public Assembly Act of 1985, Batas Pambansa Blg. 880, the Labor Code of the Philippines, as amended, and other applicable laws, shall be observed during rallies, strikes, demonstration or other public assemblies. 2. Accordingly, law enforcement agents shall at all times exercise maximum tolerance. 3. Police officers must be in full uniform with their identification cards and nameplates on.

43

4. No excessive reasonable force shall be employed on such occasions as to maim or wound individuals. 5. Only such forces as may be necessary to prevent or repel an aggression may be used and only as last resort. 6. Employment of teargas, smoke grenades and water cannon shall be made under proper advisement and command of a responsible or superior officer, and must be resorted only when there is a clear imminent danger to loss of lives and deliberate destructions of properties. 7. No arrest of any leader, organizer or participants shall be made during public assemblies unless he violates any of the above mentioned laws, the Revised Penal Code or any Special Laws. 8. Police assistance when requested must be limited to protection of lives and properties, and the members of the law enforcer contingent must bear no firearm, they must be equipped only with riot sticks, shields, crash helmets with visor and boots. 9. No public assembly with permit shall be dispersed except when it becomes violent. At first sign of impending violence, the Ground Commander shall call the leader/s for dialogue to prevent possible disturbance. 10. During actual violence, audible warning for dispersal by the ranking officer must be made, and if after allowing reasonable lapse of time, operations must be pursued using such force as may

44

be necessary and reasonable to prevent or repel an aggression. Basic Formation Management Operation 1. Box Formation being used in providing VIP security During Civil Disturbance

It is coverage. 2.

U Formation Also being used for VIP security coverage.

3.

Line Formation during actual confrontation

Basic formation with the crowd. 4.

Double Line Formation

Formation used during defensive dispersal of the crowd. 5. Arrow Formation

Formation during aggressive dispersal of the crowd. 6. Wedge Formation

Formation during the dispersal of a large number of crowd. 7. T Formation

45

Also a basic formation in providing VIP security during negotiations with unruly crowd. Disaster Identification Problems When disaster occurs, a tremendous responsibility is immediately vested on the law enforcement officer to perform many tasks. A disaster is usually a situation that strikes suddenly and is totally unexpected. It consists of a single events or a series of events that may be brought by the work of the elements of nature or through some man-made accident. Disaster Defined A great natural catastrophe or an extraordinary accident which plunges scores of people into helpless and suffering, and it will cause for unusual and superhuman police activity. Types of Disasters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Fires Explosions Floods Volcanic Eruptions Transportation Accidents

Organization of Disaster Identification Team

46

1. Who is in charge? When several agencies agree to work together they may also agree to these questions. 2. Expert assistance is required. Other helps will be needed, the number and type of persons depending on the magnitude of each problem. Expert assistance may be required in a number of fields, including morticians, doctors, dentists, pathologist, and identification specialists who shall be able to employ special fingerprint techniques. Important During Recovery of Body 1. Special equipment. In the rescue process, special equipment, such as bulldozers, cranes, etc. may be needed to recover the dead. 2. Record the location of the body. When a victim is found, the exact place of recovery should be indicated and the body tagged and numbered. 3. Body Tag Number. Fingerprint card must correspond to the tag number of the body from which the prints are taken. 4. Personal effects should be placed in a container and properly identified as to place of recovery and body number, and kept it with the body. If there is any question concerning them, they should be handled as a separate item. Considerations in a Centralized Morgue

47

1. Litters and body blanket or a sheet needed.

covers,

cadaver

bag,

2. Location and size of morgue. The morgue should be readily accessible to the scene of the disaster and be able to accommodate a large number of persons who will later require access. 3. The master numerical log should be established upon arrival of the body at the morgue. Procedures During Preliminary Body Examination 1. Physical Characteristics. Teeth for dental works, operation and other scars, deformed legs, arms or fingers, amputations, color of hair and eyes, race, approximate height and weight, age, tattoos and any other identifying characteristics. Jewelry and pocketbooks contents are most important. 2. Fingerprinting. The most positive reliable and infallible means of identification is through fingerprinting. 3. Jewelry and pocket contents help in the identification of victims. 4. Clothing also helps in the identification of victims. Procedures During Morgue Administration 1. 2. Preservation of remains. Body segregation.

48

3. Body Case File. It involves description of body and clothing, fingerprint cards, list of personal effects, photographs taken, dental chart and detailed results of medico-legal or autopsy examination. 4. Missing Person Case with the body case file. File. Compare this

Establishing Positive Identity 1. Comparison of missing recorded body observations. person date with

2. Death certificate and release of body. Authorities should be most reluctant to issue death certificates until all doubts have been resolved. Disaster Control Procedures 1. Identify problem. the nature your and extent by of the

2. Communicate immediately

information

radio

3. Administer urgently needed first aid and other rescue activities. 4. 5. 6. Establish command post with communication. Contain the area. Maintain open emergency lane.

49

7. Evacuate survivors and other the area whose lives are in jeopardy. 8.

persons

in

Provide public information services for coordination into with the other by

9. Provide agencies.

10. Arrange for access authorized people only. 11. Records the event. Definition of Terrorism

area

Violence for effect...not...primarily, and sometimes not all for the physical effect on the actual target, but rather for its dramatic impact in an audience. The calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to attain goals, often political or ideological in nature, through instilling fear, intimidation or coercion. Is violent criminal behavior designed to generate fear in the community, or substantial segments of it, for political purpose. Three (3) Broad Categories of Terrorists 1. Crazies

Mentally ill people who will commit terrorist acts during a period of psychiatric disturbance.

50

2.

Criminals

People who commit terrorist acts for personal rather than ideological gain. 3. Crusaders or

Ideologically inspired individuals groups...the political terrorists. Common Tactics of the Terrorists 1. Bombing

The tactic common to most terror groups-the bomb is a popular weapon it is cheap to produce, easy to make, has variable uses, and is difficult to detect and trace after the event. 2. Hoaxes

Whatever the type IED, the terrorist will often use it merely to establish credibility, and to show that they mean business. Once their credibility has been established they continue to disrupt, though not to destroy by using well made and placed hoax bombs. The right proportions of hoaxes with live IED can keep security forces tied up guessing for a long time. 3. Arson

Although not popular tactic among terrorists, arson has been used to destroy and disrupt such targets as public utilities, political headquarters, and more commonly; economic

51

industrial hotels. 4.

targets

such

as

shops,

factories

and

Hijacking

In any kind of continuing terrorist activity, the hijacking of vehicles can and should be associated with, and often gives indications of some future atrocities. Additionally, hijacked legitimate vehicles give the terrorist an easy means to approach or gain to a closed government facility. 5. Ambush It is the fact that the terrorist can choose his own time and place of operation and, if his intended victim continually uses the same route, the terrorist can conduct countless dry rehearsals before actually moving in for the kill. 6. Kidnapping

Kidnap for Ransom accounts about 8% of the terrorist incidents, and must still be viewed as a serious option open to terrorist groups. 7. Hostage Taking

The difference between the kidnapping and hostage taking is extremely fine in the world of terrorism. However, the kidnapper would normally regarded as someone who confines his victim in secret hideaway and makes material demands, whereas the hostage taker will confront authorities and openly hold their victim for ransom or some other reasons. 8. Assassination
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It is perhaps the oldest of all terrorist tactics in the book, and still widely used today. Description of IEDs The appearance of IED is up to the imagination of the bomber. First and foremost, it is an object, regardless its disguise, that isnt suppose to be. The kicker to this statement is how do I know what is or isnt supposes to be where it is?. There is no grand or perfect answer to this one. However, the best man and most effective mechanism is you and your alertness. Who else would be a better idea of what is or isnt a suspicious item or situation in your area. Through a constant sense of awareness, you and the people who live and work in your particular areas are the only true defense that exists. The point is if you think it doesnt belong in your area, it probably doesnt, and if it is suspicious-do something about it. External Appearances of an IED 1. Pipe Bomb

Steel or PVC pipe section with end caps in just about any configuration external fusing as a wick or clock/battery. 2. Briefcase/Boxes

53

Any style, color, size including what appears to be discarded quick food containers. Some may even be as small as a cigarette package. 3. Postal Service Mail

Especially if the address is screwed up or the return address/postmark is strange, unexpected or missing. Rigged envelopes can be a clue to explosive contents.

4.

Automobiles/Trucks

By far the most devastating and probably one of the easiest to plant. Indicator may include strange license tags, inappropriate decals, or just an unfamiliar car parked in your area. The bomb can be implanted anywhere in the vehicle including behind the seats, in the trunk or gasoline tank. 5. Existing Objects

Those items which seem to have a purpose but could be substituted or used as a bomb container. Sub-Classifications of IEDs 1. Delivery its the

The method of getting the bomb to objectives include, but are not limited to following. 1) Vehicle Bombs

54

These are vehicles filled with explosive which made by booby-trapped, or remotely detonated. 2) Laid Charges

These are devices that are put into place by the terrorist hands. 3) Projected Bombs or some

These are bombs thrown by hand type of projection device such as Mortar. 4) Postal Bombs

These are devices sent through the mails as letters or packages. 2. Activation essentially three (3) ways to

There are activate IED: 1)

Command Activation

This is done by radio signals, electric leads, pull wires and/or strikers to name a few. 2) Target Action

These can be activated by the target tripping a wire, stepping on a pressure device, turning on light, etc. 3) Time Delay

55

Such activators are clock burning fuses, chemical delays, pressures, etc. 3. Usage

mechanisms, atmosphere

There are two (2) broad categories pertaining to usage: 1) Tactical IEDs

These are normally regarded as being those used against an individual and can include mail bombs, clamor devices, culvert bombs, in fact any IEDs can be categorized as a tactical IEDs. 2) Strategic IEDs

These are considered to be those used indiscriminately to gain world attention; for example, in crowded airports, shopping centers, on aircraft and so on. Police VIP Protection Activities It is a police activity of providing overt and covert security coverage out of ensuring the security of the lives and limbs of a person authorized by the law to be protected. Definition of VIP It is a person who, because of his sensitive position is accorded with special protection for his personal safety.

56

What is Buffer Security They are security personnel who are deployed between the subject and the audience. What is a Buffer Zone It is an area which separates the VIP from the attacking audience.

What is an Advance Party A group of protective personnel to conduct necessary survey inspections and coordination prior to the arrival of the VIP. Modus Operandi of Assassins 1. Close range attack with the use of knife or gun. 2. 3. Use of explosives. Use of a weapon from a distance. weapons, warfare

4. Use of automatic materials and poison gas. 5. 6. Kidnapping.

Crossing thru with the use of vehicle.

57

Rings of VIP Physical Security 1. 2. 3. 1st Ring 2nd Ring 3rd Ring Foot and Mobile Patrol Fixed Post Close-in Security

Protective Security Procedures 1. The formation regardless provides 360 degrees of coverage. of number

2. The formations always move with principal when he is outside secured area. 3. As a general walking formation. rule, agent must be in

4. The type of formation employed will be dependent on the manpower availability and threats to the detail. 5. The aid remain closest to the principal as his primary duty is to provide body cover should an attack occur. 6. Because formation must be flexible, agents must be prepared to assume vacant position in the formation or change of formation to maintain 360 degrees concept. 7. When walking in crowds, agents should keep on mind the expose parts of the principals body, the protection of their weapons, and the importance of watching the hands of persons in the crowd.
58

8. When walking with the principal, agents should not be looking directly with the principal, but looking outward to watch the crowd and nearby surrounding for possible attack. Reaction to Hostile Crowd 1. Do not let the crowd deter you from your protective task. 2. Thrown objects should be batted down and put in the place away from the principal. 3. If a suspicious person is seen in the crowd but no firm indication of intent to harm the principal, the agent should stand between the individual and the principal until the principal has pass safely. 4. If the crowd is too large and surrounds the principal, the formation can go into defensive circle to move the principal safely through it. 5. Provide close-in security to the principal and evacuate to safe haven if necessary. Crime Statistics It is a science, which deals with the collection, interpretation, analysis and presentation of quantitative crime data useful in police operational activities. Definition of Index Crimes
59

Are those serious crimes that are readily reported and that occur with sufficient regularity and frequency so as to be used as an index of the actual level of criminality, i.e., murder, homicide, rape, physical injuries, parricide, robbery, and theft. Definition of Non-Index Crimes Are those crimes not falling under the index crimes. Indictable Crimes All cases that are defined and penalized under the Revised Penal Code and Special Laws. Non-Indictable Crimes Cases not defined and penalized Revised Penal Code and Special Laws. Total Crime Volume Number of crimes committed in a given area over a period of time. If refers to the total number of crime incidents reported or brought to the attention of law enforcement agencies. Population Density (PD) under the

60

The number of inhabitants per unit geographical area. Formula: PD Where PD = : = = No. of Inhabitants 100,000 240,100 inhabitants-example 240,100 100,000 24.01

Crime Density (CD) The number of crimes for every population in a given period of time. 100,000 Crime

It is obtained by dividing the Total Volume (TCV) by the population density. Formula: CD Where: = TCV PD 404 24.01 404 24.01 16.83

TCV = PD = = CD =

Note: This means that 16.83 incidents transpired for every 100,000 population in a given period. Weekly Crime Rate
61

Is the frequency of crime occurrence by weekly for every 100,000 population during a given period of time. It is obtained by dividing Crime Density (CD) by the number of weeks in a given period. Formula: Where: WCR = CD PT = = Crime Density (CD) Period of Time 16.83 12 weeks

16.83 12 WCR = Note: This means that 1.40 incidents transpired for every 100,000 population in a week. Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE) Is the batting average of a law enforcement agency in the solution of crime. It is obtained by dividing the Number of Crimes Solved by the Number of Crimes Reported (NCR) for a given period multiplying the dividend by 100. Formula CSE = NCS ____ X 100 NCR Where NSC = NCR = 9 10
62

1.40

9 ___ X 100 10 = CSE = Note: The crime is considered solved if the case has already been filed in court. 0.9 x 100 90%

Frequency of Crime Is the frequency of occurrence of a particular crime incident committed in a given area over a period of time, it is also similarly known as Crime Clock. Formula: FC Example: 1. 2. = = Total No. of Days Total No. of Incident Period Covered: 01 Jan-15 Nov 99 = = = = Note: 318 107 318 107 2.97

No. of Days No. of Murder Case

63

Two represents the days, to get the number of hours, .97 will be multiplied by 24 hours, hence . 97 x 24 = 23.28, now 23 represent the number of hours. Then .28 will be multiplied by 60 minutes, .28 x 60 = 16.8, now 16 represent the number of minutes, then .8 will be multiplied by 60 (seconds), .8 x 60 = 48, then 48 represents the number of seconds. The frequency of Murder or the Crime Clock for the crime of Murder is every 2 days 23 hours, 16 minutes, and 48 seconds, or one Murder case is committed every 71 hours, 16 minutes, and 48 seconds in a given area. Arrest Rate (AR) Is the batting average of a law enforcement agency in the accounting of persons with warrant of arrest. It is obtained by dividing the total number of Wanted Persons Arrested (WPA) by the total number of Warrant of Arrest Received (WAR) in a given period multiplying the dividend by 100. Formula: AR = WPA ____ x 100 WAR 9 10 _9_ x 100 100 = 0.9 x 100

Where

WPA = WAR =

64

AR

90%

65

REVIEW QUESTIONS POLICE OPERATION PLANNING

================================================================= INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only. 1. It is a systematic and continuous process of acquiring a set of decisions for action in the future, directed in achieving goals by optimal means and of learning from the outcome about possible new sets of decisions and new goals to be achieved. A. C. police planning police plan B. D. police program police programming

2. It is a plan of what is to be done or s set of instructions outlining the steps to be performed in a specific operational undertaking of police organization. A. C. police planning police plan B. D. police program police programming

3. Almost all police organization engaged at one time or another in the preparation of this plans and programs in response to crisis or when forced to do so to implement decisions made by some other body. A. C. reactive contingency B. D. operational efficiency strategic

4. It is a plan and programs that often results from the lesson learned by other police organizations that had face special incident, and is based on the organizations wish to be prepared when does it occur. A. C. reactive contingency b. D. operational efficiency strategic

5. It requires the organization to set goals of at least five years into the future and devise steps that need to be taken to achieve goals. A. C. reactive contingency B. D. operational efficiency strategic

66

6. In this classification of plans and programs, current processes are reviewed and recommendations for improvement are made. A. C. reactive contingency B. D. operational strategic

7. It is the sequence of planning and programming process wherein the questions, What need to be accomplished? and What is the desired future steps? are being asked. A. B. C. D. identifying the problems analyzing alternative solutions preparing plans & programs setting-up of goals & objectives

8. It requires that on-going planning assignment is to be made, although who is this may vary depending on the level or subject of planning or programming. A. B. C. D. identifying the problems analyzing alternative solutions preparing plans & programs setting-up of goals & objectives

9. It may involve scanning the environment, performing research and gathering information, and assessment of the present situation and current state of affair. A. B. C. D. identifying the problems analyzing alternative solutions preparing plans & programs setting-up of goals & objectives

10. The extent to which the different courses of action and the criteria for judging the strength of each course of action should be consider once a problem is identified. A. B. C. D. identifying the problems analyzing alternative solutions preparing plans & programs setting of goals & objectives

11. This shall be based on a careful selection of the matters relating to the situation for which plans are being developed. A. C. frame of reference analyzing the facts B. D. clarifying the problems collecting pertinent facts

67

12. This calls of the identification of the problem understanding both its records and its possible solutions. A. C. frame of reference analyzing the facts B. D.

by

clarifying the problems collecting pertinent facts

13. Developing a plan shall not be attempted until all facts relating thereto have been gathered, and it is refers to: A. C. frame of reference analyzing the facts B. D. clarifying the problems collecting pertinent facts

14. It is being done after all data have been gathered for careful evaluation. A. C. frame of reference analyzing the facts B. D. clarifying the problems developing alternative

15. In the initial phase of plans development, several alternatives measures will appear to be logically comparable to the needs of the situation, and it is: A. C. selling the plan analyzing the facts B. D. arranging for execution collecting pertinent facts

16. It is the careful consideration of all facts that usually leads to the selection of a best alternative proposal. A. C. frame of reference analyzing the facts B. D. clarifying the problems selecting alternatives

17. A plan to be effectively carried out must be accepted by persons concerned at the appropriate level of plans development. A. C. selling the plan analyzing the facts B. D. clarifying the problems collecting pertinent facts

18. It requires the issuance of orders and directives to unit personnel concerned, and the provision of manpower and equipment for carrying out the plans. A. C. executive of the plan B. analyzing the facts D. clarifying the problems collecting pertinent facts

19. These are the three types of plans according to range, EXCEPT: A. C. short range mid-term range B. D. medium range long range
68

20. Information or material that needs to cover sheet with one-half inch green border. A. C. top secret confidential B. D.

be

provided

with

secret restricted to be provided with

21. Information or material that needs cover sheet with one-half inch red border. A. C. top secret confidential B. D.

secret restricted be provided with

22. Information or material that needs to cover sheet with one-half inch blue border. A. C. top secret confidential B. D.

secret restricted

23. It is the results of planning or proposal design to guide and direct to be performed by the police organization. A. C. police plan police planning B. D. police program police programming

24. Are those plans relating to the standard operating procedures and are useful as guide to personnel purposely to increase operational efficiency. A. C. operational tactical B. D. fiscal procedural

25. Are those plans which are prepared to meet exigencies encountered by the police organization, and are prepared considerably in advance of expected incidents. A. C. operational tactical B. D. auxiliary procedural

26. Are those plans designed to give guidance and direction to personnel in the performance of normal police activities. A. C. 27. operational tactical B. D. auxiliary procedural

Information or material which requires special protection. A. C. top secret confidential B. D. secret restricted

69

28. Are those plan which implement recruitment of personnel and other normal operations involving organizational activities. A. C. operational tactical B. D. auxiliary procedural

29. Are those plans that relate to such matters for budget and funds preparations. A. C. fiscal plan all of the above B. D. budget plan non of the above

30. It is a special type of operations, and it is an extreme measure used when all other means failed. A. C. raid search B. D. arrest seizure affecting B. D. the success or

31. These are the factors effectiveness of a raid, EXCEPT: A. C. 32. The EXCEPT: A. C. 33. size & speed simplicity of plans following are the

search & seizure surprise & superiority and purpose of raid,

objectives B. D.

apprehend suspect search & seizure

confiscate contraband recover stolen property

These are considerations in preparing police plans, EXCEPT: A. C. applicability timing B. D. practicability feasibility

34. The following are the qualifications of the raiding party, EXCEPT: A. C. steady nerves good judgment B. D. leadership nervousness

35. The following are the composition of the raiding party, EXCEPT: A. C. raid commander raiding team B. D. recorder & photographer entering & covering party

70

36. The following are the duties of the covering party. i.e., covers approach, cover the entire area, neutralizing fire of barricaded criminals and __________. A. C. 37. search & seizures arrest of criminals B. D. confiscate contrabands prevent escape of criminals

The elements of a successful raid are as follows, EXCEPT: A. C. plans & orders leadership & control B. D. mission & reconnaissance instructions & executions

38. One of the factors to be considered in planning a raid is that the terrain must be subjected to __________. A. C. surveillance observation B. D. casing close study

39. It is important to be conducted to the participants, and it is informing them about the nature of the mission in conducting police raid. A. C. briefing ask individual role B. D. de-briefing informing the mission

40. It is imperative before the service of search warrant or warrant of arrest in given jurisdiction. A. C. reconnaissance close study of B. D. an B. D. casing & surveillance proper coordination individual or premises to

41. It is an examination discover contraband. A. C. seizure search

body search stop & frisk

42. A Search Warrant must be served within how many days from the dated of its issuance. A. C. 5 days 15 days B. D. 10 days 20 days

43. What is the purpose why the arresting officer conducts criminal interrogation, take mug shots, and fingerprints of the arrested suspect? A. C. master file all of the above B. D. roques gallery non of the above
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44. Any evidence obtained in violation of the rights of the persons against unlawful searches is inadmissible as evidence, and are considered. A. C. warrantless search all of these B. D. fruits of poisonous tree fruit of illegal search during this particular

45. The search must always be made moment of time, unless otherwise stated. A. C. day time all of the above B. D.

night time non of the above

46. What is the purpose why there is a need of requesting the owner of the premises to do the opening of drawers and lifting of evidence during valid searches. A. C. stealing taking of property B. D. avoid planting of evidence recovery of evidence

47. What is required to the police officer after the service of Search Warrant? A. C. submit an inventory all of the above B. D. deliver the property non of the above

48. During the service of Search Warrant, the presence of at least how many witness are required. A. C. 3 witnesses 1 witness B. D. 2 witnesses nothing at all

49. It is the science which deals with the collection, interpretation, analysis and presentation of quantitative crime date useful in planning police operational activities. A. C. statistics crime statistics B. D. crime all of the above

50. Are those serious crimes that are readily reported and that occur with sufficient regularity and frequency so as to be used as a parameter of the actual level of criminality. A. C. index crimes indictable crimes B. D. non-index crimes non-indictable crimes

72

51.

Are those crimes not falling under index crimes. A. C. index crimes indictable crimes B. D. non-index crimes non-indictable crimes

52. Are those cases that are not defined and penalized under Revised Penal Code and Special Laws. A. C. index crimes indictable crimes B. D. non-index crimes non-indictable crimes

53. It is the number of crime committed in a given area over a period of time, and it is also refers to the total number of crime incidents reported to the attention of the police station. A. C. crime density crime rate to the B. D. number B. D. total crime volume population density of inhabitants per unit

54. It is refers geographical area. A. C.

crime density crime rate

total crime volume population density

55. The number of crimes for every 100,000 population in a given period of time. A. C. crime density crime rate B. D. total crime volume population density

56. It is the frequency of crime occurrence by month for every 100,000 population during a given period of time. A. C. crime density crime rate B. D. total crime volume population density

57. It is the batting average of the law enforcement agency in the solution of crimes. A. C. arrest rate crime rate B. D. crime solution efficiency frequency of crime

58. It is the frequency of occurrence of a particular crime incident committed in a given area over a period of time, it is also commonly known as Crime Clock. A. C. arrest rate crime rate B. D. crime solution efficiency frequency of crime

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59. It is the batting average of the law enforcement agency in the accounting of persons with warrant of arrest. A. C. arrest rate crime rate B. D. crime solution efficiency frequency of crime

60. The municipality X is having a total population of 24,404,000. What is the population density of the municipality X? A. C. 2.44 4.24 B. D. 4.22 2.42

61. The municipality X which has a population of 244,500 received a total crime volume of 401 for the 1st Qtr., CY: 2005. What is the crime density during the period covered? A. C. 164.34 164.43 B. D. 146.34 146.43

62. Police Station X recorded a crime density of 164.34 and a crime volume of 401 for the 1st Quarter, Calendar Year: 2005. What is the average crime rate? A. C. 54.78 78.45 B. D. 78.54 45.78

63. Out of the 50 total crime volume received by Police Station X for the month of March 2005, it was able to solve 40 cases. What is the crime solution efficiency? A. C. 90% 70% B. D. 80% 60%

64. Out of 100 Warrant of Arrest received by Police Station X, it was able to arrest 75 wanted persons. What is the arrest rate? A. C. 57% 100% B. D. 75% 50%

65. It is a police activities of providing overt and covert security coverage out of ensuring the security of the lives and limbs of a persons authorized by the law to be protected. A. C. covert security overt security B. D. VIP protection activities all of the above

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66. It is a typical reaction of security personnel in case an attack unto the VIP that are provided with security coverage, EXCEPT: A. C. sound-off evacuate the VIP B. D. VIP B. D. cover the VIP leave the VIP security, the 3rd ring is

67. In the rings of the classified as __________. A. C. fixed post foot & mobile

close-in buffer security

68. It is a group of protective personnel tasked to conduct necessary survey, inspections and coordination prior to the arrival of the VIP. A. C. buffer security advance party B. D. buffer zone covert & overt security

69. They are security personnel who are deployed between the VIP and the audience. A. C. buffer security advance party B. D. buffer zone covert & overt security

70. It is a person who, because of his or her sensitive position is accorded with special protection for his or her personal safety. A. C. VIP elected officials B. D. government officials all of the above

71. A great natural catastrophe or an extra ordinary accident which plunges scores of people into helplessness. A. C. disaster conflagration B. D. fire accident

72. It is a basic formation in civil disturbance management that is being used during defensive dispersal of unruly crowd. A. C. U Formation line formation B. D. double line formation arrow formation

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73. It is a basic formation in civil disturbance management that is being used during actual confrontation with the crowd. A. C. U Formation line formation B. D. double line formation arrow formation

74. The following must be used in requesting the driver to park his vehicles. A. C. siren all of the above B. D. megaphone non of the above

75. It is a must before the conduct of pursuit operation, since the subject vehicles may elude arrest. A. C. inform adjacent units B. all of the above D. shall B. D. notation of plate number non of the above remain effective until the

76. Warrant of Arrest following are met, EXCEPT: A. C.

accused is arrested released on bail

cases is terminated release on custody

77. It must be avoided to avoid tragic and embarrassing situation which adversely affect the police organizations and the government. A. C. panic firing extortion B. D. mulcting overkill tendencies

78. At this stage of unlawful assembly, the crowd is still functioning as a conglomeration of individuals. A. C. stage one stage three B. D. stage two stage four

79. At this stage of unlawful assembly, the crowd lost their individuality and begins to function as a single unit. A. C. stage one stage three B. D. stage two stage four

80. At this stage of unlawful assembly, the crowd is functioning as a single unit, any event is likely to precipitate to violent action or the riot is just waiting to happen. A. C. stage one stage three B. D. stage two stage four
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81.

The following are the types of disasters, EXCEPT: A. C. fires & explosions conflagrations B. D. transportation accidents floods & volcanic eruptions

82. Perhaps it is the oldest of all the terrorist tactics in the book and still widely used today. A. C. assassination kidnapping B. D. hostage taking ambush

83. This is particular tactics, wherein the terrorist confront the authorities and openly hold their victims for ransom or some other reasons. A. C. assassination kidnapping B. D. hostage taking ambush

84. It is eight percent of all the terrorist incidents, and must still be viewed as a serious option open to terrorist groups. A. C. assassination kidnapping B. D. hostage taking ambush

85. It is any kind of continuing terrorist activity, it is associated with, and often gives indications of some future atrocity. A. C. bombing hoaxes B. D. arson hijacking

86. Although not a popular tactic among terrorist, it is being uses to destroy and disrupt targets. A. C. bombing hoaxes B. D. arson hijacking

87. The tactic common to most terror groups, it is popular weapon because it is cheap to produce, easy to make, has variable uses, and it is difficult to detect and trace after the event. A. C. bombing hoaxes B. D. arson hijacking

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88. There are ideologically inspired individual or groups, and they are tagged as the political terrorist. A. C. crazies crusaders B. D. criminals all of the above

89. It is violence for effect, not primarily, and sometimes not all for the physical effect of the actual target, but rather for its dramatic impact on an audience. A. C. violence atrocities B. D. criminal acts terrorism

90. It is the fact that the terrorist can choose his own time and place of operation if his intended victim continually uses the same route. A. C. assassination kidnapping B. D. Disposal B. D. hostage taking ambush (EOD), it is an object,

91. In Explosive Ordnance regardless of its disguise. A. C. hoax bombs explosives

improvised explosive device culvert bombs

92. The external appearance of this type of IED is with steel or PVC pipe section with end caps. A. C. pipe bomb postal service bomb B. D. brief case bomb automobile bomb

93. It is an IED that appears in any style, color, size, including what easily discarded food containers, some may be even small as a cigarette package. A. C. pipe bomb postal service bomb B. D. brief case bomb automobile bomb explosives which made of

94. These are vehicles filed with booby-trapped or remotely detonated. A. C. vehicle bombs postal bombs B. D.

laid charges projected bombs

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95. These are devices which are put into place by the terrorist hands. A. C. vehicle bombs postal bombs B. D. laid charges projected bombs

96. It is a sub-classification of IED, and it is method of getting the bomb to its objectives. A. C. delivery activation B. D. usage non of the above

97. These bombs are thrown by hand or some type of projection device such as mortar. A. vehicle bomb B. laid charges C. projected bombs D. postal bomb 98. A terrorist who operates and aspires to win political power primarily within a single nation. A. C. national terrorist local terrorist B. D. international terrorist transnational terrorist

99. It is a factor that influenced contemporary terrorism, wherein their main objectives is to publicize their cause to the widest audience. A. C. media communication B. D. potential for violence non of the above to be used

100. This is a type of IED that is considered indiscriminately to gain world attention. A. C. tactical IED all of the above B. D.

strategic IED non of the above

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ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS IN POLICE OPERATION PLANNING =========================================================== 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. A D A C D B A C A B A B D C D D A A C A B C A D C 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. A D B C A C C A D C D C D A D C B C B A B C C C A 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. B D B D C C B D A A A A B B B D C C A A A B C C B 76. D 77. D 78. A 79. B 80. C 81. C 82. A 83. B 84. C 85. D 86. B 87. A 88. C 89. D 90. D 91. B 92. A 93. B 94. A 95. B 96. A 97. C 98. A 99. A 100. B

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