Power System

Generating Plant Step-up transformers Circuit breakers

Generation System Transmission System Distribution System substations transformers circuit breakers feeders sectionalizing switches capacitor banks voltage regulators DSGs customers - HT customers - LT customers

Transmission System

Transformers in Bulk power substations

Dispersed Storage and generation (DSG) Solar or Wind Sources (100KW to 1MW)

Sub-transmission system Distribution substation DSG Battery or Fuel cells, 1 to 25 MW Threephase Primary feeders

Voltage Regulator

Sectionalizing switch

Capacitor bank

Primary circuits One-phase lateral feeder

Distribution Transformer

DSG

Photovoltaic Power supply, up to 100 KW

Home

Power System connectivity

220kV Lines

220/33 kV Sub-station

EHV substations

33 kV lines
Industry at 33 kV

11 kV lines (feeders) 33/11 kV Sub-station

11/ 0.4 kV

Distribution substations

Distribution Transformer

Industry at 11 kV

Customers

Major ISO systems

Models

Market Participants (Marketers, TSP, Gen, Load)

Network Model Management

Load Forecast

VSAT/TSAT

SCADA

State Estimator Load Schedules

RTCA

TCM DAM RUC

Outages

Outage Scheduler
Offers, Bids, market clearing results, etc.

CRR

Data Warehouse

Billing, dispute interface

Settlements
Reports

Distribution Automation System

Generating Plant Step-up transformers Circuit breakers Transmission System

Transformers in Bulk power substations

Dispersed Storage and generation (DSG) Solar or Wind Sources (100KW to 1MW)

Distribution Control Center

Sub-transmission system Distribution substation DSG Battery or Fuel cells, 1 to 25 MW Threephase Primary feeders

SCADA and

(monitor and Control)

Voltage Regulator

Sectionalizing switch

Capacitor bank

Primary circuits One-phase lateral feeder

Application Functions

Distribution Transformer

DSG

Photovoltaic Power supply, up to 100 KW

Home

Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS

Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration Maintaining good voltage profile Load Balancing Metering Maintaining Maps Energy accounting Outage Management Customer Information Management

Distribution SCADA

Control
Single, Group, Sequential and Closed Loop Control Select-Check-Execute, Immediate Execute Interlocks based on Attributes, values/status
DSG Battery or Fuel cells, 1 to 25 MW Sub-transmission system Distribution substation Threephase Primary feeders

Dispersed Storage and generation (DSG) Solar or Wind Sources (100KW to 1MW)

Voltage Regulator

Sectionalizing switch

Capacitor bank

Close IIITFeederCB ? Yes No

One-phase lateral feeder Distribution Transformer

DSG

Photovoltaic Power supply, up to 100 KW

Home

Distribution SCADA (Contd.)

Control
Single, Group, Sequential and Closed Loop Control Select-Check-Execute, Immediate Execute Interlocks based on Attributes, values/status
DSG Battery or Fuel cells, 1 to 25 MW Sub-transmission system Distribution substation Threephase Primary feeders

Dispersed Storage and generation (DSG) Solar or Wind Sources (100KW to 1MW)

Voltage Regulator

Sectionalizing switch

Capacitor bank

IIITFeederCB Successfully closed !

One-phase lateral feeder Distribution Transformer

DSG

Photovoltaic Power supply, up to 100 KW

Home

Distribution SCADA (Contd.)

Graphical User Interface

Real Time display Single Line Diagrams,Graphics,Maps Trends; Real-time and Historic Alarms; current and Historic Interface to control field devices

Automated Mapping and Facilities Management (AM/FM)

Display of geographical Maps Dynamic info on Maps

(From T&D World, Oct 2001)

Layering, Zooming, and Scrolling Historical data on Devices

(From T&D World, Oct 2001)

Present Indian Grid Plan

National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) in Delhi
Regional Load Dispatch Center (RLDC) North
State Load Dispatch Center (SLDC)

Regional Load Dispatch Center (RLDC) W, S, E, NE

State Load Dispatch Center (SLDC)

Sub Load Dispatch Center (SubLDC)

Sub Load Dispatch Center (SubLDC)

Substation

Substation

User

User

Electric Power and Information Infrastructure