CE071 - PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Time: 3hrs Max Marks: 100 Answer all Questions PART

- A (10 x 2 = 20 Marks) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. What are the different components of eco system? List the different Biogeo chemical cycles in the environment. List the different natural and man made impacts on the environment. Define policy cycle. Differentiate between trickling filter process and activated sludge process. What are the issues addressed by Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol? List out the factors on which the amount of waste generation depends. What are the different modules of green chemistry expert system (GCES)? Define the polluter pays principle. Give a very important, current environmental issue, which creates a major problems to the environment.

PART - B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks) 11. Explain the concept of Sustainable Development.

12.a) What are the components of the environment? Explain their inter relationship. (OR) 12.b) What are the causes and effects of air, water and land pollution? Enumerate a few remedial measures.

13.a) Define sewage and explain the municipal sewage treatment process. (OR) 13.b) 14.a) i) Explain the importance of protecting Biodiversity. ii) Explain different methods of air pollution control. Write detailed note on waste minimization. (OR) 14.b) Explain the concept of clean technology, Eco- mark and Green chemistry? 15.a) Explain in Detail the Role of non-government organizations on the environment. (OR) 15.b)

Explain in detail the process of EIA.

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Environmental Science Questions and Answers

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Environmental Science Questions and Answers

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1. Environmental Science Questions and Answers 2. More Environmental Science Questions and Answers

Introduction to environmental science questions and answers :

Enviromental science the scientific study of human interactions with the environment. It is the branch of science concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment. Literally, environment means the surrounding external conditions influencing development or growth of people, animal or plants; living or working conditions etc. This involves three questions: 1. What is Surrounded 2. By what Surrounded 3. Where Surrounded

Environmental Science Questions and Answers

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Q1. Name fours segments of environment and explain them in brief.

Answer: The environment consists of four segments namely Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere. 1. Biosphere: The environment which supports life and sustains various human activities is known as biosphere. 2. Lithosphere: It is the outer mantle of the solid earth i.e. earth crust consisting of rocks and soil. The soil is the most important part of lithosphere. 3. Hydrosphere: It includes all kinds of water resources, oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, glaciers, polar ice caps and ground water. 4. Atmosphere: It is the protective blanket of gases surrounding the earth. The main components of the atmosphere are nitrogen (78%), oxygen (20.95%) and minor components are argon, hydrogen, ozone and other inert gases like helium and neon. Q2. What are endangered species? Answer: The species that are considered in imminent danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if factors causing their decline continue to opearte i.e. these are the species whose number has beenreduced to a critical level that they are in immediate danger of extinction. e.g. tiger, swamp, Pinkh duck etc. Q3. What are the causes of soil pollution? Answer: Soil pollution is resulted due to the human activities such as dumping of the waste, use of agrochemicals, mining operations and urbanization. Many materials adversely affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and reduce its productivity. These include: 1. Municipal, Industrial and Radioactive Waste 2. Discarded material 3. Pesticides, fertilizers and organic manures 4. Mining Operations

Q4. Differentiate between degradable and non- degradable pollutants. Answer: Degradable pollutants can be decomposed, removed or reduced to acceptable level either by natural or artificial means e.g. human sewage, animal and crop waste etc. Non-degradable pollutants cannot be degraded by natural or artificial means. They are not recycled in the aqueous system naturally. e.g. radioactive materials, heavy metals and plastics. Q5. Mention the main cause of smog. Answer: Some of the main causes and sources of smog are gasoline and diesel power vehicles, factories, oil based paints, solvents and cleaners, pesticides and coal fired generating stations.

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Q6. Distinguish between deforestation and desertification. Answer: Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forest and their replacement for other purposes. Desertification is a process in which the productivity potential of arid and semi-arid lands fall by 10% or more and then turn into non-productive land. Q7. How can mineral resources be conserved? Answer: Mineral resources can be conserved by: 1. Minimizing waste and developing the technologies to recover the resource from the waste. 2. Developing the alloys that will reduce the demand of the pure metals.

3. Finding the alternative to the fossil fuels. 4. Discovering the new mining areas. Q8. Discuss in brief the greenhouse effect. Answer: The greenhouse gases in the lower levels of the atmosphere, like glass are transparent to the near infra-red rays of shorter wavelength but are opaque to the heat radiated by the heated earth (longer wavelength heat ray) and trap them. By not letting the solar rays to escape into the outer space, greenhouse gases add to the heat that is already present on the earth surface. This results in increase in temperature and is commonly known as Greenhouse effect. The major sources of greenhouse gases are: carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide etc. Q9. Name the plant which yield drug for malaria and cancer? Answer: Quinine is a drug for malaria which is made from the bark of cinchona tree. For cancer, Camptothea Acuminata plant is a member of Tupelo family which is only present in China and Tibet. Its anti-cancer ingredient is Quinoline alkaloid, which in turn has been modified to create a host of other anti-cancer drugs.

Introduction to environmental science questions and answers :

Enviromental science the scientific study of human interactions with the environment. It is the branch of science concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment. Literally, environment means the surrounding external conditions influencing development or growth of people, animal or plants; living or working conditions etc. This involves three questions: 1. What is Surrounded 2. By what Surrounded 3. Where Surrounded

Environmental Science Questions and Answers

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Q1. Name fours segments of environment and explain them in brief. Answer: The environment consists of four segments namely Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere. 1. Biosphere: The environment which supports life and sustains various human activities is known as biosphere. 2. Lithosphere: It is the outer mantle of the solid earth i.e. earth crust consisting of rocks and soil. The soil is the most important part of lithosphere. 3. Hydrosphere: It includes all kinds of water resources, oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, glaciers, polar ice caps and ground water. 4. Atmosphere: It is the protective blanket of gases surrounding the earth. The main components of the atmosphere are nitrogen (78%), oxygen (20.95%) and minor components are argon, hydrogen, ozone and other inert gases like helium and neon. Q2. What are endangered species? Answer: The species that are considered in imminent danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if factors causing their decline continue to opearte i.e. these are the species whose number has beenreduced to a critical level that they are in immediate danger of extinction. e.g. tiger, swamp, Pinkh duck etc. Q3. What are the causes of soil pollution? Answer: Soil pollution is resulted due to the human activities such as dumping of the waste, use of agrochemicals, mining operations and urbanization. Many materials adversely affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and reduce its productivity. These include:

1. Municipal, Industrial and Radioactive Waste 2. Discarded material 3. Pesticides, fertilizers and organic manures 4. Mining Operations Q4. Differentiate between degradable and non- degradable pollutants. Answer: Degradable pollutants can be decomposed, removed or reduced to acceptable level either by natural or artificial means e.g. human sewage, animal and crop waste etc. Non-degradable pollutants cannot be degraded by natural or artificial means. They are not recycled in the aqueous system naturally. e.g. radioactive materials, heavy metals and plastics. Q5. Mention the main cause of smog. Answer: Some of the main causes and sources of smog are gasoline and diesel power vehicles, factories, oil based paints, solvents and cleaners, pesticides and coal fired generating stations.

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Q6. Distinguish between deforestation and desertification. Answer: Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forest and their replacement for other purposes. Desertification is a process in which the productivity potential of arid and semi-arid lands fall by 10% or more and then turn into non-productive land. Q7. How can mineral resources be conserved? Answer: Mineral resources can be conserved by:

1. Minimizing waste and developing the technologies to recover the resource from the waste. 2. Developing the alloys that will reduce the demand of the pure metals. 3. Finding the alternative to the fossil fuels. 4. Discovering the new mining areas. Q8. Discuss in brief the greenhouse effect. Answer: The greenhouse gases in the lower levels of the atmosphere, like glass are transparent to the near infra-red rays of shorter wavelength but are opaque to the heat radiated by the heated earth (longer wavelength heat ray) and trap them. By not letting the solar rays to escape into the outer space, greenhouse gases add to the heat that is already present on the earth surface. This results in increase in temperature and is commonly known as Greenhouse effect. The major sources of greenhouse gases are: carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide etc. Q9. Name the plant which yield drug for malaria and cancer? Answer: Quinine is a drug for malaria which is made from the bark of cinchona tree. For cancer, Camptothea Acuminata plant is a member of Tupelo family which is only present in China and Tibet. Its anti-cancer ingredient is Quinoline alkaloid, which in turn has been modified to create a host of other anti-cancer drugs.