AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SANGAMNER

ELEX/AVE Experiment No.: 05 STUDY OF DIRECT TO HOME (DTH) TV & SET TOP BOX. Semester II Page Rev.: 00 1/3 Date: 03-07-10

Aim:- STUDY OF DIRECT TO HOME (DTH) TV & SET TOP BOX. APPARATUS: Satellite receiver antenna, satellite receiver kit I.e. SET TOP BOX as conditional asses module (CAM) Television. THEORY: In direct-to-home (DTH) telecast, TV channels/programmes are directly distributed via satellite to the subscribers homes without the intervention of a cable operator. The signals are transmitted in Ku band (10.7 GHz to 18 GHz) and are received by the subscribers through a small dish antenna (about 45cm in dia.) and a set-top box (or an integrated receiver decoder). The DTH system can also provide many value-added services such as the Internet, e-mail, data casting, e-commerce, and interactive multimedia. It has the provision for a subscriber management system similar to the one for conditional access system (CAS). The current means of broadcasting in India dont provide quality reception in shadow areas, particularly in the north-eastern region. The DTH can fill this void easily. All in all, DTH offers immense opportunities to both the broadcasters and the viewers. How does DTH work? A DTH network consists of a broadcasting centre, satellites, encoders, multiplexers, modulators and DTH receivers. A DTH service provider has to lease Ku-band transponders from the satellite. The encoder converts the audio, video and data signals into the digital format and the multiplexer mixes these signals. At the user end, there will be a small dish antenna and set-top boxes to decode and view numerous channels. On the user's end, receiving dishes can be as small as 45 cm in diametre. DTH is an encrypted transmission that travels to the consumer directly through a satellite. DTH transmission is received directly by the consumer at his end through the small dish antenna. A set-top box, unlike the regular cable connection, decodes the encrypted transmission. DVB-S transmission Many of the formats and transmission aspects of satellite DVB services are standardized by international bodies such as the International Organization for Standardizations (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU).

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AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SANGAMNER

ELEX/AVE Experiment No.: 05 STUDY OF DIRECT TO HOME (DTH) TV & SET TOP BOX. Semester II Page Rev.: 00 2/3 Date: 03-07-10

The standard developed by the European Telecommunication Standard Organization (part of ITU) applies to Ku band satellites operating at 11/12 GHz. It is designed to provide quasi error-free (QEF) service at bit error rates (BERs) of 10-10 to 10-11. By using a fairly robust error-prevention scheme, which can be varied depending on the channel environment, it can provide this QEF rate to channels with non-corrected error rates of 10-1 to 10-2. The functional block diagram of a DVB-S channel is shown in Fig.1. The MPEG encoder unit can take in several compressed video channels (including the programme audio and other digital data). All the data is compressed to produce a single MPEG data block of 188 bytes. Latest MPEG encoders can compress together up to ten regular video channels. The whole DVB-S system operates in the time-division multiplexing (TDM) mode. The input data must be in 188-byte blocks with 1-byte sync word at the beginning.

DVB-S reception

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AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SANGAMNER

ELEX/AVE Experiment No.: 05 STUDY OF DIRECT TO HOME (DTH) TV & SET TOP BOX. Semester II Page Rev.: 00 3/3 Date: 03-07-10

Reception system architecture. In general, reception systems are of two types, namely, individual reception systems and collective reception systems. Individual reception systems are simply referred to as DTH systems, while collective reception systems are often referred to as satellite master antenna television (SMATV) systems. The installed reception systems should have the maximum configuration flexibility, regardless of their architecture. Given that the television services of general interest exist at more than one orbital position of a satellite, to provide the consumers with the maximum choice of programmes, DTH reception systems should be capable of receiving the telecast from at least two orbital positions of the satellites telecasting the TV programmes. Various possible architectures are discussed below. Fig. 4(a) shows a single-feed system for reception. Conclusion:Thus we have studied the theory & working principle of direct to home TV and set
top box.

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