Tithi - Ending Moment (EM) of elongation of the Moon, the lunar day, the angular relationship between Sun

and Moon ( Apparent Moon minus Apparent Sun). One Tithi equals 12 degree difference between Moon and Sun. Nakshatra - EM of asterism of the day, that is, the stellar mansion in which Moon is located for an observer at the center of the Earth. One Nakshatra equals 13 degrees:20 minutes. There are 27 Nakshatra in 360 degrees. Yoga - EM of the angular relationship between Sun and Moon( Apparent Moon plus Apparent Sun). One Yoga equals 13 degrees:20 minutes. There are 27 Yogas in 360 degrees. Karana - EM of half of a Tithi. One Karaa equals 6 degree difference between Moon and Sun. Var weekday the seven weekdays.

The Thithis are divided into five groups as under. 1. Nanda (Ananda or Joyous) thithi - Prathipada (1st), Shasti (6th) and Ekadashi (11th); 2. Bhadra (Arogya or Mangala or Healthy) thithis on Dwitiya (2nd), Saptami (7th) and Dwadashi (12th); 3. Jaya (Victory) Thithi Tuesday- Tritiya (3rd), Ashtami (8th ) and Trayodashi (13th); 4. Rikktha (Loss or Nashta) Thitihis Saturday - Chathurthi (4th) Navami (9th) and Chaturdasi (14th); 5. Poorna (Sampoorna - Full Moon or New Moon) Thithis Thursday Panchami (5th), Dashami (10th) and Amavasya (New Moon) or Poornima. The nine Taras (Stars)by their individual names are elaborated below. 1. Janma (Birth) Tara The Janma (birth star) Nakshatra, the 10th from Janma nakshatra also known as Karna nakshatra and the 19th from Janma nakshatra known as Adhana nakshatra constitute this Tara. 2. Sampat Tara The 2nd the 11th and the 20th Nakshatras counted from Janma nakshatra constitute this Tara. 3. Vipat Tara The 3rd, the 12th and the 21st stars counted from Janma nakshatra constitute this Tara. 4. Kshema Tara The 4th, the 13th and the 22nd Nakshatras counted from the janama nakshatra constitute this Tara. 5. Pratyak Tara The 5t, the 14th, and the 23rd nakshatras from Janma nakshatra constitutes this Tara. 6. Sadhaka Tara The 6th, the 15th, and the 24th nakshatras from Janma nakshatra constitutes this tara. 7. Nidhana Tara The 7th, the 16th, and the 25th nakshatras from the Janma nakshatra constitutes this tara. 8. Mitra Tara The 8th, the 17th and the 26th nakshatras from Janma nakshatra constitute this tara. 9. Ati or Parama Mitra Tara The 9th, the 18th and the 27th nakshatras from Janma nakshatra constitutes this tara.

Sukla Paksha Krishna

Tithi name Tithi

Tithi ruling

Lord Deity (Planet) 1 (0-12) 16 (180-192) Padyami Sun Brahma 2 (12-24) 17 (192-204) Vidiya Moon Vidhatr 3 (36-48) 18 (204-216) Tadiya Mars Visnu 4 (36-48) 19 (216-228) Chaviti Mercury Yama 5 (48-60) 20 (228-240) Panchami Jupiter Moon 6 (60-72) 21 (240-252) Shashti venus Kartikeya 7 (72-84) 22 (252-264) Saptami Saturn Indra 8 (84-96) 23 (264-276) Ashtami Rahu Vasus 9 (96-108) 24 (276-288) Navami Sun Serpant 10 (108-120) 25 (288-300) Dasami Moon Dharma 11 (120-132) 26 (300-312) Ekadasi Mars Rudra 12 (132-144) 27 (312-324) Dwadasi Mercury Sun 13 (144-156) 28 (324-336) Trayodasi Jupiter Cupid 14 (156-168) 29 (336-348) Chaturdasi Venus Kali Vasve15 (168-180) -Poornima Saturn devas Vasve-30 (348-360) Amavasya Rahu devas

Paksha

Week
The days of the Tamil Calendar relate to the celestial bodies in the solar system: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn, in that order. The week starts with Sunday. This list compiles the days of the week in the Tamil calendar:

No. Kizhamai (Tamil) 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07.

Weekday (English)

Vaasara (Sanskrit)

Lord or Planet Sun Moon

Gregorian Calendar equivalent Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

ayiu-kizhamai Ravi-vaasara tingat-kizhamai cevvi-kizhamai putan-kizhamai Soma-vaasara

Mangala-vaasara Mars Budha-vaasara Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn

viyzha-kizhamai Guru Vaasara vei-kizhamai Shani-kizhamai Sukra-vaasara Shani-vaasara

For Tamils the each day begins at the sun rise.

Months
The number of days in a month varies between 29 and 32. The following list compiles the months of the Tamil Calendar. No. 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. Month (Tamil) Month (English) Cittirai Vaikci ni i vai Puraci Aippaci Krttikai Mrkazhi Tai Mci Pakuni Sanskrit Name * Chaitra Vaiskha Jyaishtha shha Shrvaa Bhdrapada/Prauhapada Ashwina/Ashvayuja Krttika Mrgara Pausha/Taiya Mgha Phalguna Gregorian Calendar equivalent mid-April to mid-May mid-May to mid-June mid-June to mid-July mid-July to mid-August mid-August to mid-September mid-September to midOctober mid-October to midNovember mid-November to midDecember mid-December to mid-January mid-January to mid-February mid-February to mid-March mid-March to mid-April

Note: The Sanskrit months above would start one month ahead of Tamil months since the Tamil calendar is a solar calendar while the Sanskrit calendar is a lunisolar calendar

Sixty-year cycle
The 60-year cycle of the Tamil calendar is common to North and South Indian traditional calendars, with the same name and sequence of years. Its earliest reference is to be found in Surya Siddhanta, which Varahamihirar (550 CE) believed to be the most accurate of the then current theories of astronomy. However, in the Surya Siddhantic list, the first year was Vijaya and not Prabhava as currently used. This 60-year cycle has also been adopted into the Chinese calendar. After the completion of sixty years, the calendar starts a new with the first year. This corresponds to the Hindu "century." The Vakya or Tirukannitha Panchangam (the traditional Tamil almanac) outlines this sequence. It is related to the position of the planets in the sky with respect to earth. It means that the two major planets Sani/Saturn ( which takes 30 years

to complete one cycle round the sun) and the Viyazhan/Jupiter (which takes 12 years to complete one cycle round the Sun) comes to the same position after 60 years. The following list presents the current 60-year cycle of the Tamil calendar: No Name . 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Name (English) Prabhava Vibhava Sukla Pramodoota Gregoria No Name n Year . 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Name (English) Hevilambi Vilambi Vikari Sarvari Plava Subakrith Gregoria n Year 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022

Prachorpatht 1991 hi 1992 Aangirasa Srimukha Bhava Yuva Dhaatu Eesvara Vehudhanya Pramathi Vikrama Vishu Chitrabaanu Subhaanu Dhaarana 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004

2022 2023 2023 Sobakrith 2024 2024 Krodhi 2025 2025 Visuvaasuva 2026 2026 Parabhaava 2027 2027 Plavanga 2028 Keelaka Saumya Sadharana Virodhikrithu Paridhaabi 2028 2029 2029 2030 2030 2031 2031 2032

2032 2033 2033 Pramaadhisa 2034 Aanandha 2034

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Paarthiba Viya Sarvajith Sarvadhari Virodhi Vikruthi Kara Nandhana Vijaya Jaya Manmatha Dhunmuki

2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017

49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

Rakshasa Nala Pingala Kalayukthi Siddharthi Raudhri Dunmathi Dhundubhi

2035 2035 2036 2036 2037 2037 2038 2038 2039 2039 2040 2040 2041 2041 2042 2042 2043

Rudhrodhgaa 2043 ri 2044 Raktakshi Krodhana Akshaya 2044 2045 2045 2046 2046 2047