EXPERIMENT 1 : RECRYSTALLIZATION OF NAPHTHALENE Objectives: 1.

To purify the naphthalene by recrystallization procedure

2. To determine the recover percentage Introduction Recrystallization is techniques utilize the observation that solubility of solids in liquids usually increases dramatically as the solvent temperature is increased. A barely saturated solution of solid in the hot solvent is prepared and allowed to cool. The solubility decreases as the temperature drops. Solid crystalizes back out upon cooling. These impurities pass through the final cold filtration. Several steps are followed in a typical recrystallization. 1. Selection of an appropriate solvent or mixture of solvents (consult table) 2. Dissolution of the solute using a minimum amount of hot solvent 3. Filter: Removal of suspended solids (through filtration of the hot solution) 4. Crystallization of the solid from the solution as it cools 5. Collecting the purified solid by filtration 6. Washing the crystals with an appropriate solvent to remove impurities 7. Drying the crystals 8. Purity determination determined by a simple physical measurement such as melting point.

Apparatus: 1. Bunsen burner 2. Stirrer rod 3. Beaker 4. Naphthalene 5. Ice bath 6. Erlenmeyer Flask 7. Buchner funnel 8. Filter paper 9. Distilled water

Procedures 1. About 2g of naphthalene weighed into a 120 mL Erlenmeyer flask 2. About 50 mL of water added into flask and stirred vigorously.

3. The Bunsen burner used to heat the solution just up to boiling point and the solution stirred until the naphthalene dissolved. 4. The flask placed in ice bath for 5 minutes and stirred occasionally. 5. Fitted piece of filter paper placed in Buchner funnel. The entire hole was covered by the filter paper. The paper wet thoroughly with distilled water. The Erlenmeyer flask was clean once where the crystal filtered into Buchner funnel. The flask rinse twice with 5mL ice cooled water. Later the water was used to wash the crystal in funnel. 6. The filtered crystal dried for 1 day. 7. The crystal weighed.

Result and discussion 1. Mass of naphthalene before recrystallization = 2.0 g 2. Mass of filter paper. = 0.52 g 3. Mass of naphthalene + filter paper after recrystallization = 2.0156 g 4. Mass of crude naphthalene after recrystallization = 2.0156 0.52 =1.50 g

5. The percent recovery =

X 100%

=75% 6. The total lost = 100% - 75% = 25%. 7. Why is the naphthalene solution cooled in ice bath before vacuum filtration? Because the hot solution contain the dissolved naphthalene. When the hot solution was filtered, the chance of dissolved naphthalene to be slipped through the filter paper is high. Therefore, the hot solutions need to be cooled before filter process. 8. How does the recrystallization procedure remove soluble impurities? When the temperature decrease, the crystal will appear with more purity. The impurities particles will go through with the solution during filtration.

9. What additional step should be added to this procedure to remove the impurities insoluble in solvent? The additional steps that should be added are by including the gravity filtration of the hot solution to remove the insoluble impurities. 10. Gravity and vacuum filtration separate insoluble solids from a liquid phase. The choices depend on conditions. Suggest criteria you would apply to choose between them? Gravity filtration is useful when removing minor amounts of solid impurities from solution. It can be done on a hot solution where the vacuum filtration can not be done.

11. Suggest any ways you can think of improve any parts of this experiment? The best way is to do a slow recrystallization because the larger crystal appear compare fast recrystallization which produce small crystal. Therefore, the small particle of crystal would stuck at Erlenmeyer flask when fast recrystallization appear. Besides that, the unwanted particle might attach to particle during fast recrystallization.

Conclusion We can conclude that the purification of naphthalene is 75%.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CHM 257

EXPERIMENT 1: RECRYSTALLIZATION OF NAPHTHALENE

NAME : NORMALELAH BT MADRIH (2011196701) GROUP MEMBERS: 1. ANEESA BT MHD JALIL 2. SH SOLEHATUN ANNISAH BT SYED ABU BAKAR DUE DATE: 16 JULY 2013 LECTURERS NAME : MR CHE MAZLAN MD AMIN