The Craftsman - 1904 - 01 - January

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THEREADER
MAGAZINE
OF COVER IS PUBLISHING A SERIES
PORTRAITS
OF
AUTHORS
BY
JOHN
CECIL
CLAY
James Whitcomb Riley = = September Le# Wallace = = = = = 5 October William Dean Howells = = November Mar_lc Twain = = i = = = s December Weir jIfitcheI1 = = = = January, 1904
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The
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MADEINTHE CRAFTSMAN WORKSHOP EASTWaD NEWYORK
Attached in the
to
all
Articles
made
Craftsman
Workshops
THE
CRAFTSMAN
II 1
pixcti3ctl
l,IYlsl1
1 !) 0 .4
so.
tlioir
art : a vivid there,

Then,
mms
of
color of the
IIWC, ;L touch
ymtler.
a single
stroke
too, look at it as you a marvellous

side-wings, for
every
will, The
of
stage
Or C:L~~V:IS,it had
setting. Curtains, accessories,
article
iio\v
is
oftcsrccl11~)011 tIlc% JlihhiolrS

of :I scl.ic:s to tK> wriHc,ll
ll~L~Il1.i11
~aliforlriil.
ollc
tlrol)s,
$I~,
sccncs,
:dYp1te
suitable
for The James. confine article, limits

years,
(r:lftlii;~tr Ilris lritiiwlf
l)v Mr. (;wrg~~
\\TIi:w~oI1 to rise his
for Great
ever v
salld-\~~nstes,
requirement. awful snow fearful ocean line American
\vritcbr
1~~1rlx~s~~~l :Lt firht of tlic prcwllt Of the rapid to ostentl
IlYlgcYlv ?
~~01.1115,
mountnins, canyons, Of the

deIl%LSt
to tlrc sul)jcct Ile tlccitlctl tllc Missions

FOP
trdilcss
but, iu (wuwqut~nce to Mr. inclutlc
tlcwrts, tllan
StlLtCS, Suiii-tr0pid
CilYI"'tS
limitlws any
illltl
more North
f0lTSt.S.
of his eutliiikiasii1, New Mcsiw localities, papers, detail omitted The ruary sity, of hut
other
tllC
Of Arizona,
1lc:Uly tn-ellty
Comcdy ?
blossoms, the birds, blue is it is of of that
it
:111(1 'lr('SiLS. tluriug
vcrdurc, of of What flowrs, a thousand mpli_vrs, miidcr,
orange varieties tile then,

nlld
cJm~~~s 11:~s lxwl :Lstutlcrlt of these tlie piihliwtion

importance of liis tllat
110
delicate
waterfalls, bluest
singing tlw skits. studichd,
111% will rcavisit, tll(slli iI1 or(ler gcncral from issue

attrild,
gwitlcst
or specific
be
as its history
tllnt prments
his work. to appear circle since in tllc lcbwill, of nccesboth upon Of tile
EL
as a whole or in parts,
f:Lscin:ltiJlg,
sc~co~ltl article,
llllllSllilll~ fcatiircs
lllilg:l%ill~,
of unique itself wcrc long and

iIli~~C!Oll
interest? and its ahoriginal of attraction World. up its strange Colorado, agony of sailed and as the the hirtli
evcllts
wick
Of rc:KleIX, it, will t rent: Style
Ihc country lilation the

UElst
popto
lay ant1 professional, Tile
a source had
its
IIlflucnc<~ Of fllc JIission
Spanish
:
conquerors Iiscaino
Up
of tlic NW gulf
the RIotlt~nl (ivic :LIIC~ Ihmcs~ic
.\rcl~itccturc
~alwillo 1Snstcrn
of Californi:i.
river, &out country tlic
now
hewn
M
erally
upon
iklltl. i\NY illltl
just
the time
;ItlillltiC,
tlivc~rsc
gone
8t;ltc
i\1(!
tllC! ~l(lll~l1t.S
a n(w ing wllicli destiny well on
was heginning Enskrn shores unborn two
On the Westwere shaptlic Pacific It. is tlic ultimate nation. simultmeous 7inknown contiirndiof
which
Iiaw
into tlrc imtking

of t11c (;oldcll
w11 shrcs
of the
Of
t11at of
(;:LtC
wliidi
It
;Iinwiwns
;tc*torS
gm-
wcm nintcri:tlly of the as yet to rvnicinlwr
t,o affect thcsc
arc so proiitl.
\vliicli S~~illlgCI\-
11:~ hc~ii
tlici stage ll:Lvc~
(litf(~r(~ilt
played cant-and played. upon
tlicir It which
part-left 1~s tlicir lwn
iitiportant iiiiI)r(w of every
Or insignifi\vllerc scliool tllc,T

c:uivi~s
1 . . hpliw~~sOf nctiritv
to tll(s otllcq-, and ircnt which \-i&~d corintry
: c~icli working
scpnratcd
by a wst to be one
:I conipositc
n:~r crcntnally
painters
have
glT:lt
l)i~ttlC?fiCl(lS? pregnant 391
SptniJi fervor, bility.
pric*st missioniq
of
great zeal
eloqucn~c, and gcncral
intense capand land vcssc!ls
ages, For
who
wtw
m:& of fields.
useful
norkcrs
in a tlie pit-
litrgxf tlirersity
tlic t)uiltlinp
11lilill,
tlicilisclrc~~ -let
lll:JicI their Owl
Illc cs~wlition colonizing and sailetl sea in various rc~pcctivcly June 16,
for t,lic cliristianizing hct out by both lhree tlirisiows. on .J:~nuar~ 1769, only
t iircs, in tli(i
t
esplana-
of (aliforuia
ion. to
It, will bc well, lio~~32r, some square for distinctive were built tlic Missions
to call att,eniIs a of and the coltiles the a the the in the form representing quarters foriniiig generally wit11 rrd
tioii rule, tllc tlic

\Vlll&p
features.
9, Vcbrunry two of which being land was Two which
15, and lost
id I~ollo\v
: tlie (:liurcli
priests Indians wre roofctl
tllc
r~:wlic~tl their espcditions
d~~htination
; tlic third
f1.0111. one of auffwing
ftl~iLtlC9
11ouse5
wit11 tlic the quarters and

I). Iii
Zllld llCVc1 :L@iIl
IIcillYl
in
started, WllO. altliougli

Icy+
Thcsc ar&s,
Figure
Serrile
fro1t1
terribly in walking
onii~~tltd circular (SW

patio or
or cloistc~rcd,
nit11 a series interior Upon
of wIlliwas this of
CL11 lIICCrtltCd
pwsistc~tl
2111t1 1c\vav. .
On July
lhgo, founded ui1ssions brought llic ht~lldful in a far ii v:iqt various
IIlilVO.
1,
1769, 16th
Serra of the of that
reached same name. the begun. one.
San month Then,
court, and all and the of

as
which a garden.
often
contniucd
patio
and
on the succession \\-c1.c
fountain opened fathers
tlic niissioii
apartments: the
WC!11 as
those
t11e
in as rapid
as possible,
the other Indians work A by as as yet selfa was bctsliows

1nc11ta1
nl:~CjOr-dOn~o, and
w01-kshops,
cstahlislicd, ~onfr01; tlicni is a and was
guest-rooms,
scliool-rooiiis 11~ Iutlians most young scclutlcd girls and Indian bread,
and
storeliousrs. quarters were generally premises. rigidly named and the The from being trustcharges generally allowed fapdc to of of the separated
under picture away,
tlic active
of cliristianizing
parts were youths women. to w(xw, cook, tasks, II, Here on citlier
fascinating by long land,
of priCsts,llillllpcrCfl strange popi~I:ttion

fC~l.OCiOllS,
gowns,
t Ilc hy
wortlry make
; tlw first
surrounded neither
illltl
untl~*r the guardianship wcrv taught in donmstic
of staid spin, were thy
of ;tboriginc5
nor X5 tlllli
The young to engnge not the
wild :lIltl
stupid them, and that
sew, elnbroider,
writors
CWllI;~gC10llS,
11ave dwxibcd liberty-loving their With a courage to render
and and until
willed difficult siiblimc tcr tlim

tllc
enwgli illat trr.
subjugation and which, culogics,

aid
IC:LW thc.convcnt I~roin Figure tlw

lllay
married. a few being the details columns six of enIonic

Greof the
showiiig Mission, tlitrrc of
in its wry
boldness, vcrhl
Santa
h
Barbara
teii tlw1s:mtl
tlw
noted. tlrrcr
The
tllc cngagcd side here

Iwing
sclf-C~lltwd
COllfidCIICC
II~CII, tlris
fort11 a striking tlicrri,

tr:mce.
fenturcs,
poise
of
ll:~ndful brought under work, that these
of
priests the vast in a
main
grapphl liordc
with
their
task,
Jllc capital
the tlerorntion
msckd is the
is somewhat :I variant
of untnrnetl
tllcnl to
Indians systematic
suhjcction, and, :~ccon~plished the AI&ion former sav-
v0111tc. ciaii, Greek
cntnt~hture
t IYLind
ftv
what,
short tlley
pirs, was
so thoroughly erected by
fret.
The a statue
pcdimcnt the occupies
is simple, cornice. the center.
with
Ilatl determined,
hc~ivy
dentals
under
A niche
building
containing
The
first
.story
Of
tlw
towers
is ;L liigll.
Scvcrd the were

to niy
eminent
Of
:ucliitects
the steps
have told
me
that
but
Pl ain, solid wall with a sinlpl_v moltled cornice, coniposed of few, but, llcu\.y and simple members. third thickllcss is furnisllctl t,e1ow, with
inclies sustaiiicd Both domes finish, inountcd
X11(1
piirposc
is 7inkno:vn,
simple,
JIlilcctl to
lay mincl it is evident

tllCrc afford ~~11rposcly c:rsy by :7cccss to
that
tllc tlie
they
s77r-
upon of tire
whirli cwli
wst
tlw
sccontl half
and the
clericnl
stories,
rcwding
dwut simil:w stories for arc

four lower at
:7rcllit(lcts ino71nting
~valls IW~OJV. IC:LCII story to tllc one are pierced lolls.

feet w7lls tile
cross
: so tlmt any aocitlcnt

co~lltl lw speedily tllxt that the fatlivrs
to this were to tile in whose

easy
with :L wrllico tllc two upper

;LW~ICS
sncrccl sliilld iriintl.
syn~bol iI1 rciding Uwy
remedied.
It lnrist lw rememl~crcd knew
sel11i-c~irc~llill
Ihe
three arc sides.
sonic pliases
of tlie Tndi:tn rcrolution Tndi:uls
1~11s of the sccoii~I story

iii tliickilcss, by iriahsiv(~ arc and
nn accident
the
(r0S.S niight conversion

pr;1ctic:11
iLCC(SS :Ll-OSC. t0
\VOrl< a colrlplete tlwy sought.

clc~lll:LlltlCtl CIWSS iii C:LW
hut trcsw?;
the Itlin(ls of the sllperstitious

SCllSC tllC
towers of
s1irnio1intotl
1)~ scin-circuhr wit17 cenlent 1:7ntcrn slir-
ITencc
specrly SUCll
common,
:111d c!lllCrgCIlCy
IllitSOllr~
constr1ictioi7 rests tlw
:~hovc by
wllicli the
cross.
Illis at San
12rntcrn
ix :I It
marked is seen trira, (Arizona),
fwtiircs al~orc Sul
of Xisbion tile tloillcs S;ul
coiistrrlction. Xavier
Or two
TC!XiLS.
Eiitirclv
tlifYwcnt. is
tile Mission 911~ Mission
yet clearly
San itself cliiircli
1785.
of tlrr same Arcliin foundcd pict7ired
13lltrn:rvcndo1 J~ILC
of tllc
scl1001,
i\llficl. lYS1,
IVilS IlOt
Gahric~l
was lirre
T,Iiis Hey,
:I$ well as on one :It S:ln ,Intonio, Jlishion

front
hit
tlic
stone
until
old cliurclies Anotllcr

tile merit steps iii:liii
COlll~~lCt~Yl fcat
In this TIotcl,
tile
from
fc:Ltxr(~ is tlw lliis

c0llsists
addition
pill+
striking
iirc
is
the
C:l~ll~~iUlile,
to the pdiiwiit.
in pulrst:il to
of :l
of
wllicll
tllc
toner
at, tllc
Glenwood
l<ivThis
\r-all ri7iSNl form,
ahOVe tnpcring
tllC
pcdi-
ersitlo,
conshctioii
Iv:ls
lllldo7~btcdl_y consists Of a
modclod.
:7ntl
in sm:xll
solid dl.
:lrclles
picrccd hilt to were Of
tllo c*c>ntcr, for mow
11fml1
wliicli
rest5 fl. liIrg?:e a simple and

in
:7t irr(~giihr cOrrcnpO1ld
illt~~rVi~lS,
wit11
iron
cross.
tlrc
Il~ix wiis iintloul~tedl~ dFcctivclv

Of ~tril~lc~n Salwtion,
to t11c
size
Of ths bells Ylic l)c
which being
contrivance
raising
siipfwrting to show :ittr:ict, the style
to 1~: 177111,g within v:iryiilg in tlie six(5,
them. coiild Of
hlls no
order tllc of
tlierc
rcgiihrity
thercb,attcntioii This connecting with from roofs The

distinctive from the
imprcssirc1.v also
arraiigcnicnt~ 1~11 tow3
the
arches,
in
Tct
the
the
and
of the Inclian illustration tllc priests
l~dioltlcr. qilartcrs in the manset hack as are tlic

anotlwr :7bscnt
n-liolc
is hiitif771
outline
Iiarmoniolls tlie
tllc wall center
iii gcii(wl
is stcppctl bell-apcrt11rc. projecting
effect.
cilcl7 molded Tlw upper masonry a wrought
on
St CP
left,
7lp to
l)ilCl<
irrcgnlarly
ner ?_wforc tlcscrilwtl. fourtccii tlic main

CiHTf111
Illc~rc is n colonmidc ;xrclws, ant1 tilctl,

ma?_ is
capped as is
semi-circul:lr f:tq:utc.
Obscrvcr wllich
wit17 i7 simple at Santa lhrhx. with
cornice, npcrturc elliptical iron
of all the lmiltlings.

note scldon7 fcaturc
cr01vncd arcli, in the l%c I)y ten upon
plain rests
wliicli of
fink71
form ~711s
a cross. Of San G:hricl are supported copit!g.s 387
JIission at
domes.
111is is tllc series

of th: linlf dome.
of steps
ClLCll corner
1~17ttrcsscs
wit17
pyranlidiL1
Yrt
tllc 1;LtlJcrs JJJotive for

is, the JJpliftiJJg
its prc-cJic,c:
is
ornniiieiit curvctl tlw hire vica-, tlw w:tlls \\llilo
for pcdiJwJJt
tlie
four
corners, tlJe cyc, and
and The
the rear of of
clew : that tion.
Of tlJc: Sigii filltl S;Ll\.iL-
please
satisfy
\vlJ(1c1)? tllc: Ill~IiiLIl~
COUlCl ;llOllc
for strciigtli :\Jitl simple tlic
aiitl grace. the extra
ligSure
1.1, hliows
Jnassivcness
Ill tllC f:Ly:Ltie at S:111 Lois nicllcs for ht;ltues md into

Of
tllr~W ill< tlllrC of tlic pcclithe fayle is
rcinforccnient
: oiic 011cxitlivr side of tlic

tlmt
t11ur1 1,_v 111c:\11sof tile l,llttrcsses. aiid cliask, Borronico-oiw tlic two cl1ilrcEies in the ancient, seven miles a peculin1were tl1e hiniself. lovingI\ people, and body recorered. 1)~ is the t,hc fcafwqade upon of was of Svrra YII, died the and the Of S:nJ (:trlos
tloorw:~y, tlividctl
(JltlS
on0 in the cwrtcr t lirco
111e11t. It will lx2 iioticd
unccl11:~l portioiis. wliicli
111C ton-n of Ilontercy, sup lklov is :L which wllolc effect nrcli iiitereht ,lt
and the other
1111t\VO 01ltCr \\.:Lll> Of tl1C Illilill arc f:twcl wit11 pilaht(iri of tlie p(liirient.
~llt;ll~l;ltlllY!
;l\Vily iii 121 C:LPIllelO \7;lllCJ-ll;l\-e
lj~iiltlil1g port tllc prtctl rests :hoJJt forJ)JiJig of wliicli I\ tliew I.uis The gon, Tlicse tive h1.:1. wlJiclJ that Hry tower circular
:rncl fasch~tioii, cl1urcl1, by tlic worked, wars
siiwe tlicy Kgiirc prayed,
tl1c cori1ice coriiico I,\illIt
Ilot~lc~-c~l11l~ClleS Of tllc saintly tile Valley (arJJJel0 ~11~1 buried. some Serra Ilm~:
:ll)Orc
tllcs
\r.iiiclo\v.
engxgcd a llc:rvily
lhe
~Jioltlctl tlic
Clltill)l~lt1IlY is SUpcolumns, corniw JJpon
neiglJboriJJg
S<Lrril lived, fiftcwl
: tllc
1%~ Padre was sought, tllc egg-sl1apcd
(~asanow. ago, and identified donw, up
it was restored
:L plc:aiJig tlJc tloorwny, i5 cspcci:dly on tliis t11c towrs detail
:Jrcliitcctural scJJii-circular fine. by rcfcrc,Jlcc at s:tnta
surmounted cross, although under ornamental
It will bc Jioticctl
to Figure ~hrlx~r:~ At San in tliat the oct:1sides. tlccoraout ii1 hut flat siirfncc. lcsscr
ai1 0rl1iLlllcllt principal the starred win-circular doorways turns. ,\t San
lioldi1ig
:ii(:liitCrt,llr:11 attraction, window of the fnpdc, and the cornice, arc also striking (~10s
is 2~ chiinif~~r at eacli wrncr. is diffcrc~nt, is rc~plncc~d IJy nn entire grwtcr :mtl foiir
ch;~Jnfcr
and plcnsing the rcmnrk tiled
t11us l)c(o111(s :LII irregular
witlJ four p~irpos~
de 3lontercy differcrit features TlJe 1111. tl1c liiical is cspccially ohrwrs
siii:illc~r sides aiihwc~r tlic smic

llrc~ wJJJc iclca is also worked wliicli hlon-. tloul)t for I,ilis liey, that tlic is not tlrc
:intl tow-er are of entirelv :dtlJOJJC;lJ superficial tlw siiiiilarity tlJC Villlcv cwvcring cliurcli. Of the towr of tlicsc
chaixctcr, to those pyramidal pleasing of
as t1w (11:LlllfCr at S:LJJta Bar:L lJcJJJisplJerc,
t,lJc tloinc,
prolongs
csaggPJxtc.cl
clJnJJJfcr5 original wit11 tlw
of tlrv stories tlcsipi cwctc~d misting
:I\ is s(~cii in FigiJJv 1;Ldl-c~ ;\Icstris,

liL(l1.( Scrra
IlJ~~r~~is little prwicktl at S:in enc.
successor
:i secontl
toI\ cr to I)c
iii tllc coJJtJY~1 of tllc affiiirs His phi Of tliis Jlihsion, to the is to hriild nn :ultlition
spirit,u:il is nonat for it and clinrcli
vnitornr
aJJ(l tcJJJpor:il cwJJt~iJJp:~l ing

;\IoJJtcTc~_Y.
:i liouse
IJiJrJscslf :iJJtl liis associates, wit11 the cllurcll t ilctl corridor wit11 tlic existing
aiitl to connect
1,~ rr1(!;111s of 2~11 arclwd

architecture. A
; the n-hole to he in harmong

distin331
THE
Indians how days ously only San nt, and under are the control of this there? for
iliy
CRAFTSMAN
patriarchal, tlw wcrc this Indians all will progress From the and healtll, necessity chaste, sonablv and be At the a Indians children. statement. were happy that paternal. were largely Few Certain treated question this made were into They still honest were good sons and they ark they Fathers Thc~ virilitv. but tcmperatc~, They it is that or denies that system, the and
of the century. I have but
Missions, To-day, spent long
at the beginning many
as if they
Ko one questions under
in the differmt searching to fail l~rancisco,

San
JIission localities, arduIndians, purpose. oftentimes about In and in both except
of
concede crutlc
wonderful lifted usefulness their by reawere, and by
there
is not one to be found. Jlontercy for blood at San where Rcy Ik~rbara. once found awaiting purStates for
WiLrllcrS
in the so-called savagery of the and
of civilization.
(arlos (arniclo
Borromco, Yallcy, same
tlie
a few can Miguel,
training vigor
half-breeds, discowrctl. S:m Pala, visiting Liiis tllat
no one of Indian It, is the Obispo roinatitic from priest and Santa cllapel, San Luis
productivcncss. perhaps, virtuous, truthful.
retained
undeniably, fathers
congregation his ministrations, chased Indian evictxl

Hmcl1.
of several the land white
hundreds
wits recently
mothers,
obedient
daughters, to the be under were treatand inill-temFathers of and
from
men, by. the United as a new home Indians of Indians, men get
amenable
collllh(ls
to authority, of old age. and more,
and respectful may while cases most unreservedly the? That were there
Commission, Pnlatingna These with latter mc,
the in-
All said
this for the
in recent tliis land, before of
Indians individual
trrvicws Where they white

sulltlowll
ha\-c
pcrt,incntly
asked for us?
:
so a
the control occasionally mcnt dulgent pered, wwc other making tion, the admired Sow and a
of the Fathers. The or Granting
did the white lied man

SC%
of harsh loving The
could
sell it to the Govcrniiient here had here, many seen were are out, all that When there tlicv centuries the the many gone. before land long ever
is possible. parents fretful men men. rule for svb,jcct
Indians
are now an d again nervous. to all for and of the these
the at we
gowns
\vllclY? ?
limitations lirnitations impcrfecstill
first Pala. And shall At arc
came how
Indians long
h-ow
tiiir :~lloa.:~ncc of the its wihdom results. the later Those arc
bc
human
do we know
l:athers
must
be for
not bc driven San
:md h San
goiw, as tllcy Diego, but back there into tlic as f <IT

:xs
commended secularization, of
were driven it few
out and are gone? IAllis Rep sc:rttercd haw and families;, fled far rc~r>- fca,
its immediate comes little
ortlw tile
domination to the Indians from not far are to and
the free. the who
and most of these desert, pohsiblc A remain. Let The

334
Amwiciuis of the irksome

IllC~V :1rc
.
to
opposed to WC the
control
or to tllc lliglr out of reach and scattciwl
nloulltaills. them. are
Fathers restraint them liberty, with slawry.
of the civilization remnants all
tllat that
rcmowd in bondage They the broadest
under priests have fullest
demoralizes few
csterlllinatcs
of col&l~lootlcd
lia~c held from strained
removed unreinpeople,
us discover system
why. Xlission Fathers WLS
of the
tcrcoiirsc
the
great
Xmcrican
11c:nor, CIlilStit_V, ilitcsgrity t11c3 ! llpoil witll pour

(:ilZC
antI
ill1 tllc
vir-
witll
~ll1lil%(lll~llt ilIl(I clc~ligllt 11I~~ssillgS collft~rrc~tl iiI11)il

TIlCC! l~llill1I\ (;Otl.
tlrc glorious lip-liftctl into tlic
tllc JV~Zlli I)v tllc StrOllg Ill(*lltill iiightccl tious tlccd, allcl SpilvitrlilI minds liwtlicvi, :Lncl ignorant lclt 11s
Slllg
cyw :lll(l Il:llltl, pxcw iiid soiils tlicv iiifh~iiccs (iltll0Iic~islrl.

p:lC:llls
for
aI1 tilt, lwgii~ rwiowtl Y(3, iiiiii to he-
fli:it iirr
Of the
whi
fr01ii tlic lwiiriid~iiig
Of siip~rstipl7liSCS
Of ,joyous
for the pot1 frw and
tliiit th
:horigiiics vile !
now Id1
:11,s01utc mstwy. :intl
;\]I ! liypocritw in your _yOll Rwt iiisipitl true tliow :111tl t1w ligllt. which
How I coultl
1 pow ii;xni
tillllC ZLlld
wihli for tllV pOWcr Of SIliLliS~1OlXt0 iliO\f VOll IIon- woilhl
SUC~ll CIl1S(S i1S SIlOllI~l
lll:lkC!
T,:itly Ai1Ilc, Qiiccii JI:irof Iork plYmouncctl \VilS 1lOt
IhlcIlc~Ss
lipoi1 IlicIi:lrd
20
of Glodcr.
l2iCIlilld
vile a iiiulderfi
) so lYltllIcss
:I vilhill,
21 tlcsl rover, :I
~10black-llcd~tl plottcr.
so contclllptillIc
50 lll~illl :I l;lVCV Of S11;lICS ilS tIl< CiltilntIl( tlllYk\1ilXY \VIlOS(
\r-Ilit<* lilC( Il;lS l)ccaii \\llClY~I)~ t0 tr;l]), KslC illl(l c~stcrillill;itc~ Ii~ilds tIlcs_v covc4ctl kC,S. II:itI Jlission ljllt Iiootl. ties, tllcby hrwl F:ltIlc~rS, (;ivcw owr Id? iii 11lc Iuiilds
ailcl ~ld~~l*l1lillc~l to Imyof tlw
tllcs Ill(IiiLll* \vOllltl hlO\\-I?_ to olir own fmdw down lllcr-
hlllYIy Ilil\.C 11YOglY.3SC3tI t0 r;lCiilI lllillltlrcsy Ilil\.i hc~ll llrlrricd lll(11 witll cd, h tllv slippery iniglit
Intil
;lll iliclillc~ that their aiicl
Slll(il~~tl I)V wllitc for111 of cl(driictioii

colllplt~tc~.
1VcrV kl10Wll
in ortlcr
ilior( rapitl
\I( :1lY :ll)I(,. l~:ltiO1lillI?_, t0
THE
CRAFTSMAN
thence, also, its vitality, its force. It remained in constant and direct communication with the people. The artist (since it is necessary to use this term) knew that he was laboring for all sorts and conditions of men, and, according the people. With the Renascence everything changed. Two distinct classes segregated and consolidated. In one of these were the rich and cultivated ; in the other, the common people. was natural, As the artists no to the expression of La BruyLre, he was himself an integral part of
tures of some saint, a native of the region in which he was so profoundly venerated. Such were the subjects eagerly seized upon by art. They needed no explanation: an illiterate woman, a child, the ignorant and the lowly understood them as easily as did a lord or a bishop. popularity Thence resulted the universal of the art of the Middle Ages;
longer worked except for the very restricted rich class: a class which more than any other lies at the mercy of fashion and caprice ; which is led by certain narrow ideas ; which, at all costs, demands to be amused ; which believes itself of finer essence and refuses to share its joys and pleasures .with the people. Popular art was henceforth extinct. Charming, ingenuous, serious, exquisite, it passed away. Then, aristocratic art came to its birth. And soon, under Louis XIV., it displayed red heels and a wig. , The line of separation grew wider and wider. Insead of establishing an idealized race-type like that which was given to us by the Middle Ages, art, beginning with the Renascence, attempted to ap-
Plate 11. Vessel of Saint Ursuls: eift of Henry Third of France to the Cathedral of Reims
THE
ulchres, for example, dral of Reims, or the little Ships
CRAFTSMAN
exists in the Reliquary chre, presented The by of the Holy Second soldiers Sepulto the of the Henry
in that of the cathe-
Cathedral of Reims (Plate I. ). recumbent sleeprensinan ing near the tomb of the Saviour, are robust peasants, dered Himself appealing in His which with is commendable treated with the cerity and truth. realism, emaciation suffered for The the know of
The Christ and shows body the salvadecorative We uncut of origin. Middle Ursula, Henry
tion of men. find which strong Ages.

Plate IV. Pamese casket in silver gilt attributed to Benvenuto Celllnl
element is not neglected. again we great the the stones embedded in silver,
The entire work has retained a savor vessel was of New ideas are absent. Saint by given
The which
treasuries of the churches, ligious, is wholly groups popular, lacking ingenuous
there is still a reinspiration that
Third to the same cathedral, ing piece, opening Ships, century in the precious onward. silversmith companions, draperies a fresh, piece.
is also a charm-
for us the long series of from the sixteenth The her the* the to
in the small mythological which we century, In the seventeenth
of which we tlnd so many examples metals, It is a work in which the
of the end of the century,
also illustrate. it still reigned,
the antique triumphed.
In the eighteenth, e, a fancifulmade re-
was aided by the enameler. have enameling quality upon
but there aro e then a move-
figures of Saint Ursula and the virgins, and their faces. attractive There
ment as of the sap in springt itself sulting evident, and rococo
L n&s, which, in spite of all resistance,
is beside
came into being. of labor and incomparcleared our in
pervading
Finally,
manual skill and craftsmanship from the organization remained and
These works were comprehensible They followed
all, and gave pleasure to the humble, as well as to the rich. tradition. This obscured Port tradition III.), is lost, or at least greatly of the which dates from the end There are, certainly, The the mediaeval
the rules of the guilds, able and perfect. Having path;
thus prepared of works.
we can now advance
more rapidly
in the Ship of St. Nicholas
the examination Anadmirable art, as regards Sk0
(Plate
example of the silversmiths both work and inspiration,
of the same century.
liberty and grace in this little Ship.
SILVERSMITHS
figures are quaintly grouped, and are representative of their period. But the conception of the whole is less happy ; the design of this shell, mounted, like a miniature carriage, upon four wheels, is in doubtful taste. The decoration assumes an antique character. There is, in the center, the nude torso of a woman which is not of French inspiration, and has no reason for existence. But we must now examine a piece from which all traces of the Middle Ages are absent ; N work strongly indicative of the new era inaugurated by the Renascence in both the fine and the decorative arts. Therefore, we must pass into Italy. In that country, for many reasons, the worship, of antiquity was instituted. We find, for example, the Farnese casket (Plate IV.), in gilded silver, preserved in the National Museum of Naples, and attributed falsely to that fiery spirit, Benvenuto Cellini, but which is the authentic work of Johannes de Bernardi. We ale here immersed in the antique. The structural portion is composed from illchosen classical loans. The decoration is also borrowed from antique architecture. We find festoons of roses, Tonic and Composite capitals, antique masks, Caryatides, sphinxes, sleeping genii, Latin inscriptions, antique allegorical figures, a half-nude and It is a somewhat childish fancy.
ART
in repose.
helmeted Roman soldier, and, to crown the The whole is rich to the point of sumptuousness. We see at the first glance that this is art for the very rich and the cultured ; since it is manifest that the people, the simple and unlettered folk, will understand nothing here. They will admire confidently, because they have been told that it was beautiful ; because whole, a Hercules
Plate V. The Centaur Nessus and Dejanira, Bologna
attributed to Jean of
iWE CRAFTSMAN
in the mold Once for studied, of the antique. is seen and need other The in the here. being this casket us to explain
there is scarcely
works of the sixteenth century which we illustrate uniformity style of is such that, the nco-classic of art of knows or in
presence of an object
this time, one scarcely whether one is in France Italy.

Sevel-tllclcss, wc
prcscnt typical
two John exists
small
and
quite
groups.
One,
of Rologna Its
attributed
(Plate of is
to
V.), the the
in the Museum subject carrying
Louvre. Dejanira.
centaur Scssus
Plate VII.
away
Silver
plate
attribatrd
to Benrenuto
Celini: Genoa. Spinola
All former collegi-
ans know, or should know, thih they see that it must have been Costly ; but the new art sings a strange is an melody excellent of which they This of the type cannot follow the words. work of theRenascence In the Sepulchre Henry sleeping cavalrymen century, cuirasses, copied of the Cathedral soldiers of and from the stiffened those
period.
presented by of Reims, th$ are in with of gooc 1 their faces the sixteenth
Second to the Treasury
throng daily seen by the artist. But in the Farnese have a Roman he were about 349 casket we almost as if for soldier,
nude, who mounts guard to defend
centuries the new art conceived
SLLVERSMITHS
fanciful of evidences knowledge sculptor, especially legend. great From learning the point of view It
ART
carefully undercut,, art becomes almost
the other is a bas-relief in which the silversmiths a rival of painting.
sculpture,
it is remarkably
skilful.
and most accurate of the
There are also several
of the nude on the part although
it is plain that he studied
the nude of the classic decadence.
But in spite of this, the work is very strong. It is the type and model for the show-piece of the financiers sus and Dejanira mounting palace. for the group is found of NesIt and in an Amazon A companion-piece a prancing
horse (Plate VI.).
dates from the end of the same century, is preserved cence though grasp. strong German constantly In indeed in the Museum laid hold of This is plainly a German work. struggled
of the Louvre. The RenasGermany, beneath alits
that country The Amazon
is antique in concep-
tion, as is also the horse with small head and neck; the human figure is half nude, but, as in all flavor reasworks, there is a Teutonic that which is natural also an antique characteristic; perceptible
and very agreeable.
Germany,
sumed its rights. edly a defect. quality. is too certain Teutonic strong,
In the eyes of the men was undoubt-
of the times this characteristic The Amazon
In our sight, it is the highest shows in her face a Her hand flattened She defects the of
Plate IX. Ewer in silver-gilt: century Flemish; sixteenth
ingenuousness. and her extended,
toes are far outside the classic canon. is less perfect to John than the Dejanira vitality. the silver plates: VII.), (Plate very being the other VIII.). skilful the of Bologna, but her very
attributed
give her stronger one of French are pure reliefs, Italian very
We dismiss quickly (Plate workmanship
They basof
both
learned,
similar basins and bucklers tles and victories represented. These objects
upon which bathave no great
and the Italian sculpture-such
piece is a work
of the period are minutely
direction
taken by the silversmiths
art of the time ;-
interest, and I do not believe that the silver319
THE
CRAFTSMAN
silversmiths of our time might, perhaps, find it well to adopt certain models of spoons and forks of the Renascence period and the Middle Ages, instead of constantly copying the services in the Louis XV.- and Louis XVI. styles.
Let us now enter into the seventeenth century, during which the art of the silversmith was held in high honor ; although there only remains a somewhat restricted number of the works of this period: a fact for which we shall presently account. The religious pieces of this period are Without interest. They were still produced, but the Renascence be an to bear its fruits. The re i igious art was essentially popular. Aristocratic art was restored by the revival of learning, and
Plate X. Spoons and forks from Popen. Courland;sMeenth
smiths art of the present will undertake similar works. An ewer in silver-gilt, embellished with
being restored, it made war upon popular art from the As a beginning of the sixteenth century. consequence, there was no longer any religcentury
ious art.
Without
doubt, the chapters of
enamels, which was executed at Antwerp and is now preserved in the Museum of the Louvre (Plate IX.), shows a more vigorous style, although a somewhat decadent taste. Its decoration is fatiguing because it has become commonplace through familiarity. Before passing on to the seventeenth century, let us examine some forks and spoons preserved at Popen in Courland (Plate X.). 344 They date from 1567. The
the churches still ordered the execution of crosses and reliquaries. But, taste became so degenerate that the exquisite works of the Middle Ages were despised to the degree that often an old cross or a shrine was melted, in order to remodel it into a similar object representative of the taste of the period. But, indeed, there is no longer life in the religious pie&s. The silversmiths were too much occupied in satisfying the tastes of
SILVERSMITHS
rich and idle clients at the courts, who lived for display and vied with one another in luxury and splendor. VVe illustrate, in order to show the style of the religious pieces of the period, a large shrine of St. Antony (Plate XI. ), a ciborium in gilded silver from the same church, and a fine chalice (Plate XII.),more interesting, animated and from the cathedral of Tours.
ART
art, the secular branch advanced considprably, and a certain number of interesting pieces have been preserved: for example, a casket in chiseled and hammered gold, once belonging to Anne of Austria;which is now in the Museum of the Louvre (Plate XIII.). It is a work of extreme richness, with thick, luxuriant decoration, and it shows delicate skill in workmanship. a certain something It has, nevertheless, too complicated, too
These are the only illustrations that we shall give of works of the two remaining centuries. As may be seen, they are heavy, stolid, learned and tiresome in style. But, at the same time, they are altogether superior in sense of proportion, in boldness of relief, in composition, to similar pieces coming from the workshops of our own times. Contrary to the religious branch of the
florid, which marks it as an example of the taste of the first half of the seventeenth century. At, the court of Louis XIV., the SunRing, luxury developed to an incredible extent, especially during the first thirty years of the reign. No expense.was spared, in order that Versailles might be constructed.
PlateXI. Reliquary in ebony and silver: Church of Saint Antoine.~IsPre,:Franoe
PLATE
XXV.
SILVER
VASES
PRESERVED
AT CASSEL,
GERMANY
356
cncd picccs, artists talent of 0~s tical than though

iLlSO
and with
most tllc
often most which
struck IavislI espccts
these
mastcrhy the of for
clement, 1H2:wty. artist which mcnt which rived The cs:unplcs ill[lstratcd llis in of lhry fore, mow, scrics
are get From
senaitivc his of study
to symbolism of the clmrchcs, of m:ltcri:ll
and this upon
tllcy
continwd doul)tlcss
to hc made
interiors
cspenditrirc to avert otlicrs. vandalism use,

wh!n-
:111< 1 wccssorics derived he drew
Flemish fllncl
:und time;
also in that, spirit
a rich
hopefulness As Al. Schopfcr vcsscls were the into wrc God fine and day tradition
in creating of Life,
sonic of his most liis twitfor tlcof pulpits ages the inspiration oaken earliest who tlicmsclvcs the
own tlic evils that were much objects
fall upon safer of from secular
satisfying
works
; as for cs:uiiplc,
in the cnrrcd from raluc
has shown,
the ccclcsiasal-
of the Tree he found the synlhol
of tlic old guiltl-masters, the Church. practical of
in moments
pSSCt1
of necessity,
tllC crucible.
the former
But
cvcr
ures
possible, of
the crosses, regarded and the This which such of thcsc
altar
utensils and still
and
tlTilS_
to designers art tw Tlq
of s11(*11 l)ecLn of
rcliqriaries
as the holy people, fact tlic nhicll
ccclcsiastiwl scarcely found scq~!mcc.
as have
as such csist
hy RI. Schopfcr can
in the coIlrsc over-cstimntcd.
lvcrc held inriolatc. to onr But seems priwly (Ilurch corrupted ciglitccnth il(vtLl works is not to copy svmt~olism, ljrinciplc: most not world. JIiddlc tained t1wsc ol)jccts assiimc Ages, its aho for us tlic own the
11111111m-,
has prescrvcd dcsigncrs
models from draw
arc la-c in logical csaminrd
in historical,
and, thercarc, furthcrand and
wlri:tl~lv twautiful mow in the having style thcsc
lessons. ob_jccts :uid hccn of the mcdkind Roman
as to their by n critic
structural study
dccor:itivc tlioroughly rspcricncc.
qualities formed present Rut and while had this
who 1~s brcn
to hr2vc dcsccndcd in the Angliuln ty the

ILS
directly
by training, point it will in the he
than
; the taste of the latter

mcrctricioris To accept models century. perfect the scrvilcly. (hurch its art, of was (hristian csprcssion. to-day
prochce
Tp to the tlicrc from

IliXS hen
criticism of scculnr plain of the it is in
:I forcctl
scarcity
illrlstr:ltions. the ncrt scricc; that tion. thr twcn For inventory spar4
made article
of their
roiicluding fcatni-cs Palaw disastrous
It is no use of dead is inimi~t:~t~lc in as one fashions unified art of of in then Thcrcforc, successful cspcof the (hurclr, but more of t,hc Rcformi~of the art attained the religious a dcvorlt~ its the the atexpression, must
loss is irrcpamblc, tniimcr:~ted of tlicir degrw epoch. traditions
vet not witliout
minor of from tlic the
of coliipcns:lVcrs:Lillcs c+Ycct,s of grand of motlthnn For cighternth art as mllst witness has in arc
thcrcforc media the
the cralllples
import:&
clinngcfril and
Christianity highest
w0111d
tlic policy art, might
of the SuwKiiig, liavc stcrilixcd to a grrntcr and pcriwig aff:ur.s srvcntccnth, :L new life, the of
the fancy
urn clcsigilers :wtmLlly der, hrokcn aiitl the

sc~clllnr
hccn done 11s the work of thr pow~ml
destined
to the service the history, of the times who
patch
must, first master ci;rlly the spirit tion. of and Such Rurnc-Jones, which who, those
socinl
bctwvccn
mastery
was the secret thcrcfrom alike by the atbncts
twentieth csprcssion facts
ccntiirics, and ideals.
ant1 a new
mysticism
csisting
unaffected
I:riropc, municipal
tlic inorcnient iii Paris, orgmimtion,
is
iriost
inspiring. type tlic iron
xs
CiLp-
it is cGclcnccd t:il crcntccl

filW
that
of liigh in the
illld
in Ilcrlin,
I)_y iiicn of l~lood aiid

diS:ltl\~illlt~~~~S, 1llOtllW tcciliing, Of
Of ll:ltUrCll
in I)rcsclvll,
CllltlllT,
tlliLt
fostcriiig
tllc
tlllWllgl~ollt
lill)Ol.iOllS
citks
of
Iklgiuni,
the
tl(W
\Vllc~rc the ldcniisll

:Irt IliLYC ant1 tllc lllct,
li~~lliLhC~llCl? ant1
tOg?thCXr ill tllF \VOrk

I11 spirit, AlIlCli(.il, in
of
tllc
rcstor:ltiotl ~llovcilic~~lt,
plY~gS. siiille
tlifYrrs nccIt, is :I work toof

Of lllil11 IlloVCrCw;~rtl. to
css:wily wart1
tllC!
in ~~stcrn:il and tlw
cvitl(~nccs.
of espmision
tll<k city, I1d~:l11 lll:IV h :llltl
dc\-c~loI)ic~tit, tcnditig sanihtion

lllOlXli~iLtiOl1 llS, tllC tllc
cin1~clli~lii~~c~Iit, tlic
tllC% cWllScY~li~~llt ~)O~)llliltiOll. CilllCd :~lrcady rmliaili tile \TTitli
who
lrlcnt, lilit
institutor
pnsscd iti tlic to grc:tt than Divine in tllC
of
liis
ll,lS his works
trihtw ~H-oII~J,~life,-wliicli llwrt of
NilturF, hCc:msr IIC citk llns
mm
tllcy literally tlwoh
cntluritig with
~)liltltCtl
our
l'lrc 1:dmrs arc

rurdizing tlic r:ipitll\
tlroppcd I)? Olimted at

il(l\.illl(illg of tlic city, :ullOllg hit no 115, less
liih tle:ltll
to tlie toward
url~:~niziiig
of
task.
SCCI11
tlic
country,
as
InlIst gumto lionor wol-it
which,
It
iLgXil1 ccl1 hllil) with of it :L
t)y his oxvn coi~fwkn,

if not n grmtcr
tllcrc~fore tlw i(hs:Ll
llc rcgiuyld
as as :ipLin Ijut to to if tlw WC
all equal,
wollltl
ncccpt our l)lindly c:~lni,
city
ci~iliz;Ltioll--1~ot :is :I fctisli, spirit,
scientific
rwogmk
iii it the csscticc

1nc11t. The
of law, order principles toward art, arc civic
arid cnlig-litcnof tllc 11~~lltiiiniprove:iicnt :ind pnof tlw arc of tiothilig
g-orcrning inqwtris
wrs:il and ckly

S:ltiWliLl
iirutiicipil formulated
:idiriir:it~I~
in tlw constitl!tioli llrcy cont:titiing
Socic4.v of Iklgium. :LI)l)lici~tion,
gcmwl
URBI
foreign, purposes Among and nothing and desires. these principles irrelevant
ET
ORB1
of the most subtile rewards: among faculties of the age ;
to our own
work also that brings with it the greatest and plans of acof them to clothe in arhas made useful if judged as a into far the of that is, the increase the people. of happine,
tion, the most vital and significant is that one which purposes tistic form all that progress in modern life. superficially, simple effort beyond might
There are indeed materialists to spare who scoff at the project electric who light poles graceful, beautiful, hardness, but vertisements their boasted bits of beauty prosaic
enough an of makin there aI c
This principle,
and street a( few or in spite throug Squar
be characterized the prosaic it is something For
to transform But
do not unconsciously,
the picturesque. is in itself evil effects a great caused
turn eagerly
to th
this, or rather such transformation moral agent. by the sordid aspect
which are scattered
New York;
who do not greet wit
pleasure the old trees of Washington from the elevated trains:
cit,y districts abandoned m!lnication, be calculated.
to elevated railways and com-
and the Dewey Arch, as they appear in vist a view gratefu of poor stories domesti of tene o civil to bl 0; and tonic to the q-e distressed by the almos unint,erruptetl along miles of panorama the upper For secrets and industrial merits and factories. population improvcmcnt religion, as our slavery, which defile
and other means of rapid transit Depressing
arc too deep and wide-.spread to as such districts them as pop-
are to the visitor, who regards ulous deserts through reach his objective forced inhabitant, point,
which he must pass to they are, beyond the victim
such centers cities,
all doubt, the active source of despair to the who, becoming of his environment, is led on to vice, and
sea-board
is a means of salvation
it
viewed on tllc same plane as the agencies Ian and pliilanthrop~, which it is closely and vitally A second principle less applicable be broadly fornlulatcd trnn5form to our own country in ? certain connected. restricted
may be, to crime.

ience, gaiety confusion tricate warmest
It becomes, then, a public sunniness, convenout of inveterate
with all 01
duty to crcat,e symmetry, and variety
of the great movement sense ar muthan to Europe, among

us.
; to entrust the solution of this into the finest brains and the multiply purStreet, and the hearts : so that WC may
problem
can yei This, is tc
interpreted
such results as that effected by the genius of Ohnstrd, when hc turned to a decorative pose tlic car-tracks of turf on the Beacon at the roads lines mystery. Boulevard, in a skip thus Boston : causing brilliant of
l)y tllc Belgian varions
Society,
the streets into picturesque
seums comprising Prominent of education
elements of cdu-
them to be laid edge, through
cation for the people. among these various elemcntE the by restoring glories effort is made and tllc as far as with result, the it but 359 is the effort to strengthen
mnking
green which t,lle eye follows pleasure, from that life clusion almost that to such a result, progress
with a sense of Weitsoning form all
sense of nationality may be the external ish towns. practical governmental The good
of the old Flemall Belgian
one arrives at the conin artistic in modern
clothe
sense marking schemes,
has made useful
is a work worthy
of the highest talent,
must bc believed.
will not only justify,
THE
also reward the effort. town-halls may almost museums of active throughout The restoration
CRAFTSMAN
of that the belfry which stands as a beaconof the as is it light in our history,
actto.
and corporation-houses, the small country city-republics, residing be called
now so of what is no The in the
now sends out the voices of the street, North Church, which
of its bells to mingle with the Yiddish The museum constituted consecrates Belgium devotion patriotism by the Old
attempt to galvanize restored public and powerful Ghent stood before They
a dead civic life.
the streets buildings witnesses of
evrn more necessary corporation-houses purest and highest
t,o the place to the public
stand as familiar the times when and Antwcrp honor and throng
than are the town-halls
and the the of a re-
squares of
and Bruges,
Brussels
; since the Church

to an uncertain
represents
the world as models of municiof financial who

SLIC-
ideal of self-sacrifice,
C~LISC,
pal constitution,
cess.
and of
suggest people
to the alert, intelligent, daily the gilded cnterof the Free so sucof rear their high-
sent~inicntal, lofty,
and far
laborious squares stepped facades, prise
moved from a love of city or country the imp&c to accumulate riches
which, and to is a It
above gables
which they
if closely studied, is found to have its root in surpass Surely crying country, than art of ones rival in splendor. the museum of the street need of our cities. toward But in our new the future, There rather
and their brilliantly of industrial The commerce
the possibilities and Italian by
and colonization. pursued Ages,
memories
the Oriental cessfully Middle
the Fleming
it must serve a new purpose. the past. sake
inspire the Belgian his capital
of to-day
must be oriented toward for the arts
who transfers
to the Congo
Its task is not to must be no acceptin the studio or
State or to the forests of Canada. The extension ica in a broad, and practicable, number A strong Middle of highly of this principle to Amerby a general sense is both possible as has been proven successful experiments. is an impera-
restore, but to educate. ance of the term: rchitect, authorities, should be imposed nicipal
that is no tours de force sculptor, upon decorator, by mube the public
sense of natiormlity West,
who must, if worthy,
tive need in our cities of the coast and the which receive the first force sustained by our institutions in process education reof immense masses of forof which Hak in of the shock eigners. quire that Our
at once the guardians moters of taste. ent impulse be carried American structural our national perpetuate Nature wherever
;
of funds and the procivic improvement may
Let us hope that the presto all that it now promday, the typical a simple, that our may expressing beauty, may of display
toward forward street style
from the contact
Americans
ises; so that, at no distant
element
resides in such memorials let in Boston, the City Hall great Lincoln not be regarded Square, statue
as the Sham Taband the It can of Bosof
archit,ecture
the figure of Nathan New York, in Chicago. quarter and
ideals of democracy;
city parks, by their unadorned who devoted population
the memory of the great lover of his life t,o create them had massed itself;
otherwise than as a melnnto a population Portuguese
choly fact that the historic ton has been abandoned poor Hebrews, Italians
finally, that our public squares may, in their monuments and statues, witness the influence
URRI
of the grave American plicity the modern the nations vicissitudes genius of Saint-Gaudens, who to the pure the intensity let In a word,
ET
the simof
ORB1
day, when a more complex concept can He
sculptor, man. of
alone satisfy be planned
the needs of civilization.
of the Greek joins older
writes that the twentieth of a constantly growing
century city must proportion of the
us, like cultivate
and studied as the normal focus which there is no need and growHe treats of
civilization, fortunes,
an art which shall not rise and fall with the of private but rather be a fire built upon the market place, where every one may light his torch.
whole life of a people-in excuse for sacrificing one; ing disposition but rather an obvious
all other ends to any
to see how far all uses may and egress and of incity ; placing next in
be at once accommodated. the means of ingress In full sympathy toward art, The with the American and to terior bilities transport, after movement municipal civic improvement proceeds of any given
as the basis of th,e possithe proper the provision development for an at-
the cst,ablishnient of a purer, higher type of Craftsman the formation ment devoted tions relative taking, in its columns to the treatment to the cause. of a departof all quesIn this underwill rely
importance,
of these facilities,
mosphere unsullied by smoke, for cheap fuel, clean streets and an abundant He Civic places public emphasizes Centers: of buildings. public the that necessity water-supply. of creating great
by which it is hoped to render a real the Editors and success upon the constant of a large number of the ablest sculptors and decorative artists as well as upon the occa-
is, the use of natural as sites for Such treatment, he just-
service to the public, for support cooperation architects,
resort
ly says, shows the ideal of a city to be that of an organism g;ttion; ing called of humanity such, rather than of an aggreit from the massbeen well a of head, with distinguishing
of our country,
sional aid of foreign an architect Commission the former Society, Warner, tified, with urban
writers of distinction. of the Art and Art Mr.
that has sometimes centers, Warners insistent
To open the scrics there has been chosen who is now president president of the of the City of New York, of the Municipal Reform of Club.
as a definite
defined subordinate Adjunct a special Gans, upon France candidacy contribution to Mr. question,
distinguishes treatment
man from a jelly-fish. the city as a vitalized, of population, doctor The Appellate self-conscious whole,
and almost
for several decades, has been idento *the degree every position important He leadership, qu&ion of in cnImt.he
in every center by M. Charles at the in M. Ganss paper Dwelling
is discussed
nearly
of laws, and advocate Workingmans
improvement.
is, therefore, In his article of Municipal the idea of
Court of Paris. is the substance
authoritative titled city, The
to discuss the subject
which he has accepted. Importance he develops provements,
of the thesis preof Paris, in It is a solid of its species. and power of
sented by him to the University for the doctorate. to the literature of research
from the time when it was but a fortor spiritual, of commerce. down to our own
ress, a seat of power, temporal or a focus
It reveals depth
logic ; while it exhales
a love of humanity
361
THE
which moral also deserve Ruskins argues attitude abounds place well for of the intellectual France. chapters Such, passages
CRAFTSMAN
and It which in strong by a recognized authority in his own field:
republican certain gospel.
in quotable beside
FIRST GROUP
I. The Importance ments. II. III. The History
of Municipal
Improrein
latter-day
and exquisite in their simplicity, sions of pure, generous The thought have
are expreslike these: the right,
of Village
Improvement
the IJnitcd States. The Commercial Value of Design.
people
not only to knowledge, science is well, but beauty requires to be socialized. Society, upon him the individual, obligations if
but also, and to a To socialize also demands and
IV. VI.
City Plan. Street Fixtures.

THIHD GROUP
still higher degree, to beauty.
V. Parks.
it imposes which
duties toward is to
VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Architecture Architecture Painting Painting SculptLc; Sculpture view.
also contracts progress.
; foreign point of view. ; American point of

point of view. point of view. point of view. point of view.
: the first of
associate him in the general All of casting ence ; of raising of refreshing human
; foreign ; American
foreign
beings
have need the Ideal ;
aside the material
cares of exist-
; American
the soul toward
it at that source of pure de-
light which is the art-sensation. The beauty contrary, enjoyment of afforded by force
THE
IMIORT.$NCE
OF MUNICIPAL JOHN DI?WITT
IMPROVEMENTS. WARNER N its essentials, tion, present problem tieth Century
is no sterile pleasure. the mother
It is, on the
intellectual
and of moral purity. From such encouraging beginnings as and
I
of
the city, as an instituBut the is peculiarly a Twenby whose items
is as old as the race. one.
Not but that great as to one or
are made by the papers sympathy appreciable translated The jects 1904, will
of Mr. Warner
and beautiful experience another
cities have existed,
M. Gans, it is hoped that The Craft,smans with one of the greatest and measurable; upon of modof a good ern movements will be productive from words int,o action. cognate the subyear continue throughout
we may be guided
of even the more important development, government,
with which we have to deal; but that, until now, municipal sciously planned, self-defense, so far as conreligion, or hi*s been but an incident
that it may be
series of papers
commerce. calculated
Indeed, in their more important are the unin the survival of the fittest
and, as now proposed,
stands as fol-
aspects, most cities now existing
lows as to subject,
363
each paper to be written
attrition incidents
of
human
aggregates-the development
later as a fortof sevrather
great city is now dependent a center of war, government would not survive the tages; llcr commerce, nlanufactures standards
loss
upon remaining or religion;
of original
or
of
ress, a court, a temple, a market, a workshop, with a tendency tlian conscious teristics arc, toward combination mutual intent. therefore, common-one the feaeral or all of these ; but of gravitation
of all such advanby that of her the extent to and
or would not be ruined by failure and crippled
; or where, with late raising of
Of the old cities now extant two characvirtual combination tures of cities; grotcsquc proposition, being for unfitness of all the principal
of life and comfort,
which it is the chosen residence of those who are free to go elsewhere is not a great increasing pects. In short, as contrasted with the city of military, ones. of the past, t,he city of to-day terized by the dwindling cal and ecclesiastical of business less can it be left and domestic factors, is best characpolitiand the growth Less and More and To the mutual factor in its prosperity and pros-
and the other the frequently

of each, as an original are the princifor example, at a site of
for what to-day
pal ends it serves-commerce, hopelessly handicapped now long chosen for a fortress a cathedral
that is now in ruin, or the memorial
burned out zeal, or for a court of an extinct local dynasty. The planned Twentieth Century City must of be of the and studied as the normal focus growing proportion
to grow. and built.
more must it be planned casually added.
essential use of each old city other uses were In the new city, principle. point to be cooperation Perhaps towards service of all interests
a constantly
whole life of a people-in excuse for sacrificing ing disposition one; but rather an obvious be at once accommodated. tions of modern civilization hopelessly how ideally others. purposes In Pekin, our To fitted thrive, for
which there is no need, and growFor the condileave ever more matter is so for must all
must be its foundation
all other ends to any
the most important
kept in mind is that late increase in facilities for communication district itself This justed cannot than and transport has made and at the in the time to readcity of each city a potential center for a wider
to see how far all uses may
it used to reach, of losing for
in the rear the city-no one use-that
same time has left it rivaled by others, and in danger means that, as a single stand still. influence, very field where it has hitherto been supreme. an indefinite is thoroughly country-a come-until t,he world
situated as not to be generally therefore, be made attractive
available a city
for all purposes-not
that cities have some time served; greatest cities-London, New Glasgow, all now however no really
limited
but those that cities now serve. York, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Constantinople, Chicago, of St. Petersburg, every class-but developed, St. Louis, thoroughly they Buenos Ayres, modern we have survivals
It must grow or decay.
It can never be too often recalled that Art is not a thing to be done, but the right way to do whatever Art is, therefore, is to be done. simply Municipal to fitted the best way to be---best city of to-day-a
or examples
make a city what it ought for all ends of a city-a city of the future.
in this-that,
were originally
363
THE
First and most important and egress, Upon
CRAFTSMAN
hospitable welcome and attraction ideals-as for resior
of all are the and of transsuch developa worldof any deequally
means of ingress
dence and amusement-as press national all thcsc-as
at Paris ; or exat Washington
port within the city. locality, absolutely given ness-in city. a state, depend Upon
ment of the former as make it a center for a a continent, the latter the possibilities
Rerlin ; or more or less equably meet or serve at Rome or Vienna. the most ,essential item is archas of the city considered Of this, perhaps itectural a whole. included And serving dignit.y treatment
proper emphasis of Civic Centers-the
pends the economy possibilities
of a citys life and busiThese, there-
the long run the extent to which its shall be realized.
Indeed, this might well have been in the prerequisites for adornment. and the fitness That at the rein of such emphasis, arguments
fore, are the first essentials of a city planthe data with relation ment must be had. These possibilities, a home, for the a shop, life, the however, work, of the are those of a place and ever prosculture beings, The a caravansary, human offered. to which all develop-
the finest examples
as they do the convenience of the city, are striking is the normal for of
for the truth that, in its last analysis, for use beauty. public business can best be transacted most natural sort; place greatest that the various
the entertainment portunities perity
public
more and more free to choose the best opanywhere upon of a city will, therefore, ever more
classes of such busiconveniently
ness can be transactedmost the neighborhood portion business to the variety
of each other ; that, in proand amount of public for, economy dictates perextenfoci
and more depend
the extent to which Next after the genwater; and-
such demands are met. bright streets. No which mistake assumes could skies and
to be provided
eral features of a citys plan come, therefore, abundant scarcely less esscnt,ia-cheap fuel and clean than that
mits and popular sive and imposing park and plaza thus developed
sentiment architectural treatment;
groups,with and that at which may transport Combined.
are the points is obvious.
be greater Art
best be located the rno!.jmportant connection-each organism, rather
Municipal interested Rather features,
engrossed
with, or mainly tive features. more essential and cleanliness
in, mere dccoramust fairly and order before These it is essenas
they show the ideal of a city to be that of an than of an aggregation. of utility as well as of developed and dignified local ones, as of From the standpoint art, a thoroughly civic to-day, massing center naturally
is it true that in its a city and beauty
have achieved dignity fit to be generally can be made really tials provided for, opposed
and convenience, decorated, effective.
with secondary
or decoration
characterizes and distinguishes of humanity
an ideal city it from that
the mere
the beautiful-not
has sometimes
to the useful, but useful in whole or then well had as pride or offer and such civic adornment atAthens,civic or Buda-Pesth,
been called such, as dccs a definite head with well defined subordinary as distinguished As to the general to a cit,ys welfare, vital centers a man, fish. of beauty from a jelly
in part because it is beautiful-can be sought, -as

364
shall serve religion-as in Florence
importance
there are few who do not
feol it without probably pcrou: of such none
waiting who,
to reason it out, and having Take thought, will growth in prosfactors those
legislatures, find many who l~vc
at work in our laboratories, distinguished cultivated and worthy
we men
raise any question. citizenship. cit,izenship,
one or a few senses at
The individual
the expense of the rest, and who have become blind to color, dcnf to music, or dumb to feel111g. Ihit
wherever they may have arc precisely
attained their prosperity, the location for
your avcrnge fellow-citizen your workshops, sound
is not
who have t,hereby becomc most free to choose of their residcncc, or other city and most disto pleasant life As beother at is, posed to do so with refcrencc thcmselvcs any such twccn wliicll given a most
so.
Kine out of ten, taken at random from your lloliday touch of can still see and hear ; and their true to every
your schools, crowds, heartstrings scntililcnt. tiful park,
families.
and every
lhe niasscs of no city have ever a great temple, a beaustatue, an effective a stirring drama, a strain a dignified
citizens
might practical
settle, there rivalry
failed to appreciate historic of lofty painting,
therefore, To most,
as to
which shall offer the most potent attractions. this will largely healthful And mean t,lie most place saying beautiful, and comfortable it goes without
music, or a rhyme that deserved to
be popular. Not, only this, but public art is peculiarly for the eri,joyment masses of One whose independent least affcctcd conccrncd those home of circumstances, and profit of the great or moderate ideal comfort, is so far as to be citiIt ones in in straitened is one of
of residence.
that far more than residence is thus involved. For in proport,ion brought tastes-his portion back to as one is held at a city, or it by his comfort-his in like pro-
rather than of the well-to-do.
home associations,
will that city tend to be the place of the arena of his enterprise, of his bounty. proposition, therefore, for a city so
and filled with art <and literature, out,sitle conditions With by them-and
his investments, the beneficiary AS a Municipal tempting favored
too often least the average him. very
business
in them.
Art in its widest sense is the most investment, possibie one for as easily to be made beautiful--n one less fortunately possi-
zen, however, such of art as he can gather at his home is far too little to satisfy -wage earners in especial-the is, t,hcrefore, the great masses of our people whose home resources are most limitecl-who most npprcciat,e and are most interested sense of beauty, for the perpetuation it prizes, art. or mothers one thing public the public to gratify And, should rearing fifty art upon which they must depend their to rouse of its tell
most esscntinl
placed, and one of the most profitable ble that, either can make. Again : favored The principle expenditure of
democracy-
that the public
should be most
that most equally benefits the greatadequatc-libcralFor, after all, atcity or neighborin public art,. at a given
their civic pride, to stir their public spirit. finally, cherish ideals and the culture precisely what fathers hence. each city are now we do they will 365
cst number-suggests investment aggregate
tracted and held as are the well to do by its hood, keen enjoyment In our courts, of its details characexchanges, in our
We cannot
those who shall control But peradventurc,-that
its affairs
terizes our masses far more than our classes. on our
years
know, beyond
THE
be almost exclusively,
CRAF~FSMAN
a nntional imperial stronghold, residence,
; nnd
not of those who have
a cathedral
town, an
crucified their senses to serve their ambition, but those who are yet in touch with nature. It is upon public art, therefore-the inspires -that broad culture. Art for the citys ples sake. in seeking promotion therefor. Acropolis, church than in any sake--Art for its peoBut more certainly for Such is the end sought. it there is found, other way, the proletariat, rely for the any art that thousands inspiration to count in
a university
center, but business and as
as all these at once attr:u+i\.c place sojourn of the
more than all as an who but shortly for art or beauty. developed of time, from until, in it rivals business add-
for residence, million,
from whom will rise the leaders of the future we must enough or virile enough
since would have been left t,o thcmselres far as concerned provision Berlin has been similarly aught Paris. but the ripening Paris,
more largely
considerations, re-transfigured In London, of problems radically avenue In New systems front-have from of
has been so constantly
ing to her attractions
that it has been fairly most hopeless has been of an ring Holborn. and water of, these cities from the
the most effective
since the days of the empire. in city beautification by t,he cutting to High and Boston, the Strand Chicago
of what we hear called Art For Public
the (appnrcntlp) attacked
Arts sake-much Art, the inspirer mural adornment
or little as one may care Art is the only great On the or to and in sculptural dedicated of all other Art. of buildings
in our cathedrals,
York, park
areas-inland conceived
or state, we find the ark of the old and beauty, of the new one. Shut in, as it art is but a and
been laid out, within which, on themselves on more or less VV7ashington,
covenant between humanity the evangel
scale never before arc t,ransforming systematic plans. first a show
were, to serve its owner, private
hearth fire that warms only it,s builder, glow again fire built
11omc ;
city, has so proved itself comabout in proportion as to have practically not before or elsewhere larger
leaves but few or no embers that can ever after the breath of his fortunes But Public place, Art is a which from has ceased to fan it. in the market borrows each citizen
modious and convenient, to its show features, decided had; Congress and beautification land, Springfield, shown. cils, ment
on a scheme of extension
live coals for his own of those whose tastes to represent culture of whom
while in such cases as that of Cleveand many another of our time is now be assumed of our city counour citizens, toward sense are at agrcecooperating
an inspiration
and impulses are, in the future, the private Art among as well as the public us-of those
or smaller city, the tendency It may, therefo+q interest effectively that the business instinct popular and and art in its broadest beautification to be exploited ciated ject. Not until
through
every cult of the beautiful best promoted, ished if it is to prosper. If the general proposition support, growing During re-planned
566
can in the end be
among
and by whom must be cherneeded further in the recent and the world. as Vienna has been especially
of our cities. oi the resources apprethe subof are as yet scarcely to
it could be found practice the past generation
The richness and variety
throughout
by those who have studied
and decorated-not
an understanding
the st.rcct systems of Washington and the art of designing i,s at 1ienna promised, dreamed
guidctl
and Paris, at Berlin and use added
ble
for
this
situation.
Submitting
for
civic groups-such realized, at Washington,
centuric:; thcmselvcs
to injustice,
they had accustomed inevitable and
is largely
and others to the idea that their Again, social Revolution their limits. the workrevolutions of the nineof 1789 They
developing of
own social state was normal, unsuscept~ible to change. they teenth was suffered--in century. the The outside
at New 170rk--are
of color as lavish as at Moscow,

; the harmonies
but better of such and and New and New
ing classes Ilad no share of profit-although wliich occurred effect,4 at the beginning
and contrasts
park
schen~es as those of Boston treatments as those of Paris
York ; river characteristic lrork;
as elaborate
the subtile fitness, each for its place, plazas and apadornment of their civic buildings the cities best enone see, even that it
could not or would not profit by it, and the middle classes who effected advantage, ingman being who, continued having the as an indeterminate it for their own the workas a and thirst and happy. nineteenth classes awakquantity, to regard his hunger of the
of scores of richly decorated propriate that dignify and grace
titled to be called such-can
in his minds eye, the City of the Future the beauty, the wonder, and the glory is to be.
satisfied, ought Toward century,
to be contented middle
ho~~ever, the working they relapsed
ened suddenly But quickly TIIE IN BY \VORICINGMANS FRANCE. IRENE BY FROM SARGENT DWELLING GANS. FRENCH THE CHARLES
to a sense of their condition. into their former years becomalmost On the prejuclasses, of such and,
state of apathy. It is only within a period of thirty that this unfortunate to modify. ing compulsory needs, and other hand, intelligence dices, ly appreciated arising gradually also more condition general On one hand, education and has begun
TRANSLATED
T
liistorv. principle ing portion solely ficed.
HE future historian who shall study our epoch and of He shall in sufficient sweep away perspective the minor the one social to include its entirety in one glance, it, will try to understand our contemporaneous will see, without doubt,
among these classes, created new new aspirations. old-time men of liberal and free from outside The and approved mind, of broad
facts obscuring pliilosopliy dominant
the working convictions
t,he demands new-
formulated.
idea rise and prevail: first accepted
that is, the The workconsiderable who live labor, that and sacriresponsi-
men swept others acquired existence, health. This friendly dominant strength that
into the movement, and controlling and
by our times of the
little by little, a principle the principle
to-day undisputed, power : moral of every man to
right of every man to existence. CIRSSCS, that upon is, the very of of the worlds population
of the right
is, to physical thought had
the product
manual
have been too long misunderstood Furthermore, they themselves have been largely
important existed in 361
it is incontestable
consequences
in France,
where individuals
to such ideas necessarily
THE
larger oped. gated tllink, to-day, numbers than elsewhere. which rapidly man to man. Scarcely from inst,itutcd,
CRAFTSMAN
wcrc incapable of the afford effort This of reflcsion was it-
It created
a movcmrnt
spread and develit was propaAll those who were led And now, among
which alone could am 1 moral afterward followed
them intellectual thought formulated realization.
existence.
by effective
all those who comprchcnd, of the idea. of in a 11 classes society,
At this time, the question in which it is to-day a mcrc question

11la1l
away by the beauty tradespeople,
self in terms much more simple than those included. It was then the workingin the confined walls an It was a which
tlnmp
manufacturers,
authors, scienare makto

X-
of removing odious of and cities,
tists, and art,ists, there arc men, who, convinced of the justice ing interesting complish
tlut). .
from four
those
tencmcnts
of the tlieory, believe
artis:Ln-quarters within question ingmnn, family has incrcdiblc
and serious attcnlpts forward
cracked
what they Carried
to be a social to aid it, and the condiuniversal cxcellcnt came
number of individuals. of creating of inspiring
by the movement, laws have been cnThis
a hearth for the workhim with a taste for Since then, the only
the legislator
has been forced
of late years numerous acted with the object tion of impulse,

rcsu1ts.
life and home pleasures. &it,, at first,
of bettering has produced of
this idea has become definite ; this conception broadened. thought measures moral was to provide in which should for the workingman and hygienic upon This his was alike health. effort. by the workingmen Somcfrom and dating cleanliness
TllC
the workingman. still active, thought
a dwelling which, necessity, apostles of the principle the workingman for his body, It appeared from the but deimposesist-
comfort
The
operate
first to the original need of removing dwelling not only structive
and his physical a pronounced
of the right to csist,cnce was the imperative then inhabited unhealthy to his mind. by him, which was
only a beginning, necessitated
but pet a movement which
The l~ouscs inhabited wcrc most defective
in arrangement. for
times they were old buildings, times when the respect sanitation sity of fitting be condemned. did not as yet exist. them to contain There wcrc
sible to rcformcrs ence, if his material
to afford esistcnce
to the human were not, first which but renhim inhis easily
being a healthy moral and intellectual Eanified by removing which dering t,o the espcnsirc meaiis and understood he was home-life vulgar
IlCCCS-
a large mm:other houses
him from the hovel in and attracted within
bcr of tenants had made them still more to which had been built for the express purpose of lodging whatever contempt bc added csist. P aris, workingirlen, their origin, and with the sole
nut
confined, and
impossible, alone The
demoralizing reformers
pleasures reach. that before
aim of utilizing
every inch of ground. t.heir
appearance, and even It

must
adorning
the minds
sometimes picturesque,
revealed an ahsolute morals. IS
of the poor, it was necessary to cleanse them, and that beings born in vile places, deprived of family to lounge 368 life, constrained and prowl during childhood and youth to wander in the street, and later about the wineshops,
for the rules of hygiene that many of
of the most rudimentary Their they condit,ion consist
these houses pitiable. of
still In
gcncrally
immense
buildings narrow gate.
into alley,
which damp
one penetrates and dark, odors.
by
room in which air does not circulate, wanting, smoke
light is and
closed by a Advancing one stumbles staircase. of a nineis all
stifles the occupants, mother, children
At the very entrance one is stifled by in the gloom,
vile odors pursue tlicm ; in which the entire family-father, together of differdangerous who resolved practical large, in and the large buildings ent sex, well and ill, large and small, grovel in a promiscuousness alike for health and morals ? To the men of high purpose t,o accomplish cities. which prise It means was offered
WilS
a mixture of nauseating with uncertainty Often, seller. one cannot
upon the first steps of a decayed first passing through the shop
reach these halls without the entrance
In some instances,
this task, a single, in Paris necessary
wide, but gives the polluted purposes,
into a court containing
the closets of the house, and into which flows water which has seryed domestic all of which influodors and lodgings, if one succeeds while here also the artisan tenants
to construct
economical
and well-arranged might rooms. of
each family
secure at a low This enterthe WorkingIt was a but yet only
ply their various trades: germs of disease. in penetrating
rent two well ventilated was the beginning (maison mans Dwelling already single stage,
ences burden the air with reeking Finally, into the separate
our&re).
a step in advance, on the long
one notes that they are almost all composed of a single room, in which an entire family is confined. Bertillon, 3,462 This observation is corrobofamilies of four, in even such rated by the tables prepared of three persons, 10,479 in 1891 by Dr.
route which was Dwelling Napoand A built fear
then projected. The idea of the Workingmans was not wholly leon Third new. who, having at once The Emperor
which show that 28,475 families
need of the working struct,ion of lodgings on the Boulevard chouart, gnolles. purses. and They
classes, ordered the condestined for them.
of five, 1,161 of six, and 504 of more were occupying consisting of a single room. Therefore,
than seven individuals, Paris lodgings In the provinces, worse-conditions one can readily I regard
number of such houses were therefore Mazas, were of on the Boulevard immense
in the Rue Rochedes Batisize and
the same-sometimes obtained. conceive that against
were let at rentals within the means of all But the question of finding tenants refused of which repelled so The to enter them. the exteriors, constantly severe-of Emperors They felt for them became a serious one, since workingmen houses a deep aversion toward living barracks, in these great resembling
evils the first struggle cheap dwellings, can be undertaken. of life-saving The among family We children.
was instituted. of constructing econo-
the enterprise
said the celebrated I regard morally say to the
mist, Jules Simon, as the most worthy that it as a work abandoned be workman
them almost as much as under the surthe project police was
must everywhere
the fear of being veillance---then authorities. necessarily
reconstructed. trade : Stay
who labors hard, who exercises an exacting at home after your days work. in your own lodgings ? What ! is this Take your recreation
abandoned. of the present day can the same fear from the polit369
The workingman not experience
But what are these lodgings
THE
of real estate, by giving and by modifying laws policy of inheritance. with pursued
CRAFTSMAN
If, for example, houses of such character to be built in the North ble to attract provision providing sires. occupants of France, only by are
credit to purchasers, the has the The Company dignity
to their advantage and
where making ani-
miners are in great number, it will be possifor the keeping a bright, cheerful of domestic
directness mentioned
to which it is bound.
The effects of and of the vigiIn assodwell-
the law already
mals which these laborers tenant,s may adorn Thus, Association called corons:
need, and also by room which the to their de-
lant and repeated 1894, ings.
efforts of the Company
and its members have been important. there existed only twenty-eight of low-priced ciations for the building cigbty ; while to-day dred fifty seven. companies system tributed of
according
some time since, the Mining of Anzin abandoned what are that is to say, an assemblage in reality one vast This Association in and tastes of a large on the room
In 1902, they had increased to nearly they number one hunpart of these as to permit upon a usually disThe greater
of similar houses forming ed into adjacent devised separate accordance the region. living floor. ren. room grountl-floor a piggery, the cooking weather. arranged courts.
tenement, a single story in height, and dividhouses for each family, house includes
are so organized annual liquidation
their tenants to purchase over a period
dwellings
with the conditions Each and a smaller
of twenty
years, and
which allows payments sums: these payments compost by an ordinary
to be made in small added to a low rent, the price paid a lodging of if these associait is because the efforts that these for
; then, two rooms on the second a chicken coop and a rabbit warit is arranged the principal so as to allow room can be as seems life is
SO
a total not exceeding tenant Furthermore,
The small garden contains a laundry, Further, Thus
equal value.
tions have become so numerous, it has been demonstrated of the promoters of buildings ization are something through idea, this
to be done outside in favorable and adorned open-air
as a parlor,
more than the realidea: that they Thus,
best to the occupants. In the South of France, more usual, but it is necessary to be well ventilated, be easily cleaned, region North. In certain districts families are large, and as to increase it a flower and In other localities provide the plan must be so arranged the number of rooms. is indispensable vegetable garden. actually To existing are numerto is less for the house as to the in this in
of a philanthropic
are an excellent financial investment. in every direction, of varying models, responding
there have arisen houses in each localand of man-
and arranged than
since houscwifery
ity to the demands of climate inhabitants. This is indeed an important architect simple nomical done consulted who has conceived and elegant, of nothing useful, a workingmans if
conscientious
ners and customs, as also to the tastes of the point. and not The at once ecohas first
a type
comfortable he has
dwelling,
It will be seen that t,he types of workingmens dwellings ous and varied. tions, industrial create them, associaand philanthro-
the tastes and the customs of the is to be located. variable.
region in which the dwelling
For these elements are essentially 379
proprietors
pists have &voted a long Space was the grouping
their best powers. principle of the individual

cspc~m
For houses.
the bold and very successful Lccnlinrdt, lcaving choosing dwelling. an arcliitcct that cit,y, in 7901, to each the
attempt
of 3%. In of his houses, of
time, the general
observed
at Montpellier. the liberty
he built fourteen purchaser arrangement
was thus economized, exactly a block.
as well as the of materials. similar, placed
study of plans and the Ille small dwellings, side by side, formed This
interior
This is, without doubt, a scheme still more interresults, as This is the
which will find imitators. Hut there is a tendency esting, for its possible Up gcncral practical conceived economy-a chided the considerations Tllis conception to a very defect of If they as well for its immediate consequences. recent point the
was a defective
system, and it was in the sense each,
not long before the flaw became evident. the dwellings that a single lacked were individual family inhabited
effort to make the dwelling
beautiful. of time, the however
individuality
in that each one prcNo one had
ciscly resembled suspected But similarity gretted, occupants, adaptability this similarity tive isolation individuals. This defect
its neighbor.
dwellings,
that this might be a serious fault. seen that the absolute was to be reof t.hcir nonall, because of the separate by reason of these buildings not only to the tastes destroyed
they were, was that they had been 1)~ men in whom perfectly desire were for the desire for oncexAesthetic neglected. modified by of the Conthat, of cerhas it is if it legitimate beauty. purposely
it was quickly
but also and above
was necessarily
the effect of relaby other compenIt was bctwccn of Passytheir and the founded houses and 9,100 rental, general
a current of ideas which must be noted here. The apostle of the principles vention, Danton, said of education
of which every one has need,
who has worked all day, surrounded was far from being of construction. a remedy. their choice
after bread, it was the first necessity of man. In rcccnt years, under the influence tain enlightened arisen that if
lin0WlCdgC
sated by economy necessary were therefore were excellent. Autcuil Soci6tC
men, the conscioustiess is a necessity, Society,
to provide given The
Purchasers The results
also one of the rights of man. tracts toward him obliffations, simple took idea,
two or three types of buildings. association
imposes duties upon the individual, which is to associate progress. formulated, portant directions, This movement developed
also con-
the first of as soon An and, as imin all
made a point of differentiating slight a degree, Persan, fourteen of 5,200 annual to for for
du Nouveau
him with the general rapidly. form
houses to however more recently presenting varying francs, composed 3.25 for expenses. in
at Pcrsnn,
in the department type,
of Seine et Oise, has built great price diversity from by
there arose associations thinkers, to the workingmen they themselves
of scienthe knowlignored. in
tists, students, communicate edge This which
whose aim was to had
purchasable of 3.25 liquidation,
payments
of the price, and 1.50
is not the time or place to describe of the Peoples
detail the interesting was the creation
movement whose result University, where, any

373
But the best system yet put into effect is
and the Socihtbs de Conf&enccs,
THE
CRAFTSMAN
itself : :L colicluaion It has an wd both inexact and unjust. more complete of a need.
evening after work, the artisan may rest his body part by occupying artists, his mind. men, for the most and developed the not only science is Subsequently, certain
ant1 purpose
and lrss abstract : the satisfaction
conceived
And this is so true, that Iiaving no access to the ~ri;Lriifcst~~tionsof art which the wealthy rlasscs rcscrwd nlan Ilad crcatcd intclligcncc, for thc~nisclrcs, the workingfor hiinsclf pleasures analpcrIt was t0 men one They by was which It
idea that the people have tlw right to knonlcdgc, degree, t,o
bealltg.
but also, and, to a still higher To socialize also dcmantls and requires of time, the priviArt, in this of it. class In that aside
well, but beauty to be socinlizcd.
ogous, but within the reach of his purse and and which,
iLftC!r having
TTp to n recent point
vcrkd
his taste, l~cgan to render him ilwcnsiof a higher order.

flqOrll
Icgcd fen could alone profit bv efforts made toward the ideal of artistic beauty. all it,s forms, alone. :&i01utc such deprivation clU!lt_Y. was rescrvcd for The pcoplc were dcprivcd
bit to cn,joynicnts ncccssary arating grant

bC!illlt~
to rcnct wit11 energy the function. creating
and bv sepCertain thereby
plutocracy,
it a social conception,
lay not only in*justice, but It is incontestable existence,
consccratcd vigorous
thciiw2lws
to the C:ILI~C of this of morcmcnts.
all human beings have riced of casting t,hc material cares of
of the most important the difficulties assailed them
of raising
did not allow thcmsclvcs at tllc
to bc rcpcllcd
the soul toward the Idcal, and of refreshing it at that source of pure delight which is the
art-WllSiLtion. It
and discollrtrgcmcnts beginning.
is so true that this need among all pcoit but And the
indeed a difficult task to dctcrmine those who devote thcmsclvcs productions. nothing to art in its various forms, to popularize difficulty their as this was to work for the pcoplc, But in comparison of
exists, that, in all countries, ilization, is true, resulting grcatcr WC find artistic from
plcs, and under all forms and degrees of civefforts: clothed, need. life, in a wide diversity an analogous of forms,
with those presented

BI:lrlJ
by the deplorable in tllc brain

ainong
taste whicll had taken root the workingman. ardent promoters of the
the heavier civilization, dircctcd
the cares of material so the more necessary idcalitv. afforded
the needs created
by an advanced does it in efforts is no the moral and that
the most
movement, their efforts. always
discouraged It did
at last, :hi~ndoned not fail to bear
bccomc to allow men to participate toward The cnjoymcnt sterile pleasure. mot,her purity. athletics wrongfully art
that 11iLS solely
But an idea of this order is
fertile. fruit.
by beauty and
abundant After diately
It is, on the contrary, force Too
il few triJ
attempts,
the principal
of
intellectual
effort was directed toward that which immeinfluences the workingman
It is for the mind all that rational are for the body. long has the idea been current pleasure.
: that is
house and
his material his furniture. effective
surrouncliiigs-iii; Such, in reality, of action. by popularizing
is the most the good
for its aim and result to satisfy To argue enjoyment is within
llleitIlS
It is thus that i+
caprice
and to procure
will be possible, of the people,
its onl;y effect is to afford
and the true, to effect the aesthetic education to expel from their minds the
to admit that it contains
its purpose
taste gance,
for
false
luxury,
for
pretended
ele-
progress tion posed. of
is necessary. the question by builders
But thus
an important rationally pro-
which is the opposite
and the enemy
step has already been taken toward the soluIt is just to state that the Principles are, for the most part, The materials emand reasonable. Whatcvcr show
of the beautiful, dominant. The effort
and which too long has been just described was counte-
adopted sound ber. parent,
nanced by that contemporaneous of art which, long that art returning abandoned resides and forgotten, in harmony,
conception recognizes and not in of as The
to pure principles
ployed arc simple in nature and few in numthey may be, they are apthemselves frankly, substance. roof-line, and do of The and
brilliancy
and richness;
in the purity as adequate
not masque themselves beneath a coating plaster or other falsifying arrangement doors other and details and form windows-the of construction, of the openings-
lines, and their adaptation, may be, to the object in ornament respect
to be attained, and not of form to formula as
more or less successful.
for line, the adaptation employed basis.
intelligently required.
the desired purpose materials his working the opponent mediate judicious beautiful lished by economical
and to the nature of the
treated, afford the only decoration A certain architect presented one can reach-as strict economy a model,-at of a most interesting
: such
Beauty, To
is the
at the last exposition house which, if to do-a builders It is conThe faqade roundThe disa and rawill serve as
which the modern architect of simplicity, materials, effect: those
should adopt is often from
far from being its imbut their estabsolid
it is possible
in construction, dwellings. by
resultant.
employ
least in principle-for
to derive
workingmens
use and arrangement of the modern
a pleasing, architects developed. buildin pro-
structed entirely of white brick. is agreeably arched bay projecting tional-since charge of large room accented roof
such is the purpose is adequately the practice
a large
and two small windows. is at once elegant it permits rain-water.

occ77pies
whose intelligence By combining
of these prin-
the immediate In the interior,
ciples with the progress ers have succeeded, ducing At the Universal the beautiful
of industry,
as was inevitable,
the entire height of the two-thirds room, In this living
and the inexpensive. of 1900, where,
house, of which it claims nearly the space in breadth. the occupants lighted er, and entertain comfortable.
Exposition
in the Annex of Vincennes, the most varying workingmens dwellings were tY Pes of shown, but especially at a recent special exposition, proposed produced where in examples built, of dwellings by of as and or actually were seen, redescribed
take their meals, meet togeththeir friends. kitchen Very well and it is cheerful
and ventilated, The
is at one side.
One of the angles of the room is pierced by a wooden staircase which leads to a corridor giving access to the bedrooms, the windows to that room. of which open upon the side opposite which is cut by the bay of the living This arrangement like.
375
photographs,
plans, or even executed, testify to an already perfection
one could judge successful effort,
the results thus far attained. they also announce Certainly
These results advance.
a still farther
is comfortable
and home-
is still distant
TYE
But it is not at all necessary examination workingmcns cordance tional formulas. to exhibitions, dwellings Among
CRAFTSMAN
is solidly price Thus constructed, to 8,000 the advance and is rc:~sonable in francs). made in several years
to restrict in and acrabuilt
in order to find planned
(5,100
with the most
advanced
leas been considerable stant direction, who are interested themselves to it.
; it has followed
a con also
the recently
owing to the efforts of those in the work, owing who devote
houses of this class, there are very interesting specimens ; notably hardt at Montpellier. This architect as one who, gave en& we have already built point,: mentioned fourteen that he arare thus The ; so that agreeably conby to choose, These in 1900-1901, t,hosc of M. Leen-
to the skill of certain architects
It has seemed advisable to ask th: .opinion upon this question of a most skilful artistic archi&I. tect, whose mind is particularly ideas and to int,eresting Louis Bonnier. It is necessary above all, he said, to and interest the workingman an agreeable effect; in his dwelling, open to new efforts:
houses, with this distinctive purchaser under his own supervision, rangement houses, situated having whether detached
the right
the interior him. or grouped, of the city, ground.
which best pleased
on the outskirts upon
for that reason to give to the construction but, at the same time, which is useless: that utility. Every of Indeed, ornament One and the well or which does not serve end is an expense comfort. to avoid all ornament there must be nothing :I well-defined incurred purpose.
a hold upon both town and country, elevated mottled stone of
and standing the region, apparent
walls are built of the gray, the structural sists principally the projections with color. pleted of and raked-out The by a band material
is to say, without practical
without exterior coating remains The to the cyc.
decoration produced also marked
which serves no structural to the injury to produce more must build comfortable. pression gains understood, Certainly absolute according found
in the effect joints, of and
of the variegated ornamental features
stones set in the with are com-
the simple from
Furthermore, than from
the artistic imsimplicity more
ornament
cement The roof,
less successful. it is impossible Construction to establish must vary rules.
moldings,
up to which reach all the windows projecting, surand its treated rafters and ironwork, an caves-trough, simple The woodwork,
the first story. provided with
tiled, having apparent mounts beautiful only with
to the climate, to the manners and and to the materials which should always should
customs of the people, in the region, have the preftrence. Still, sary
the whole with strong, effect. boiling water,
has retained
the tastes of the inhabitants respected, the masses
natural color. ened, projects ground. stone,-since -and of walnut.

376
The ironwork, vigorously interior
simply blackare in
not be absolutely to educate
since it is necesin an artistic

tkc-
from a light backstaircases
The
sense, and there is no better means of complishing the people offering this purpose, on the side of their interest,
wood is little used in the South with a handrail effect, The whole has a charming
than to approach by and inexpensive
have iron balusters,
them comfortable
dwellings. in keeping the region. From
Therefore,
the house
must
be
the elegance rangement
of which results from of the roof, of the district,
the aruse
with the character
and aspect of
from the careful
but it must also be modified by of the builder. point of view the Between that one the 0.22 be the permit a wall the practical
of the mill-stone
as well as part in 4,000 the
the taste and judgment
of small brick arches which are not satisfied to adorn, but which play a practical the structural scheme. four Thus, rooms, for francs, a house additions tory. So, from forts timid beginnings, display constant efand a great of energy upon this architect including
walls must be as thick as possible. two combinations should t,hicker be chosen For thick, thick, walls. of equal which in brick, price, will
has beep able to build with reposi-
example,
of a stable and a carriage
centimeter rejected
costing
as much should
as a wall 0.40 in favor
in rubble,
of the stone. from
Indeed,
thick wall gives, both summer and winter, a temperature portant The from opposite that of the exin winter an imisolated the to terior ; thus representing saving of coal. of different size of
one side, and artistic the formula ingmans evolved. materials, to purpose: formula. will result rangement dwelling Simple no applied, such
taste upon the other, for the workto have been usethis arstructural of form of seems
of construction and
apparent
house should be carefully according to the
and, therefore,
the soil, and the windows
less ornament,
the exact adaptation are the factors from
dimensions,
room to bc ventilated, The should house. colors
and also according
The required and desirable beauty inevitably of the skilful parts the functional conceived. which
the point of compass and the view. interior should contain a large room is done. This kitchen part be of the in the are more easily tinted happily occupy a considcra.ble walls may in which the cooking
have been happily
The small bed-rooms The calculated
ventilated.
to influence
taste of the workingman. It is well to give each individual which differs in some slight too markedly. of these houses that of his neighbor. differentiate practical ity of groupings, one a house from to and degree A simple by
I
food
N feudal everything.
times
there were tolls
upon abol-
A high civilization
ishes tolls and furnishes
the necessaries footing from are
But it is costly
of life to all equally. and clothes.
Now air, light, roads Food and clothing
atid water stand on a differsnt produced in separate pieces,
means, is to assure the individualdifferent by a reversion without of arrangement: beas
are infinitely Air, light,
varied, and are adapted to an infinite variety of personal water passage wants and tastes. (in their public and collective
both of which devices allow the use of the same materials, coming Such devised such similarity Dwelling too apparent. is the Workingmans by M. Bonnier, who has himself appearance,
use) have not this character : and their public use should be free to all citizens.
FREDERIC HARRISOX-THE IDEAL CITY
built a small house of attractive
377
THE
THE LATEST CERAMIC
CRAFTSMAN
destined President It that for gifts to the Ministers somewhat and the
PRODUCTS
OF Si?VRES
of the Republic. said maliciously of Copenin 1889, of This is a manufactory
has been
The French English. the force
following magazine, 1904,
article, Art is partially
printed
in
the for in of
if the royal
et D&oration, reproduced
hagen had not shown its porcelains the exhibit 1900 statement could not have been made. without basis;
November,
of the Shvres manufactory
It offers
int,erest as a proof
and pervasiveness
of the new art The
for in full justice and the presit may
movement which has seized and possesses one of the firmest strongholds illustrations, shown panied familiar selcctcd in the French of tradition. a large if from number
to the recent accomplishments be said that these products the reason hagen,
ent work of the Danish manufactory,
are good, not for of a
article,
unaccom-
that they were made in Copen-
by the text, would fail to be recogby those who are products of the with the historical
but because they. are specimens instead of producing devoted of
nized as to their origin Shvres manufactory.
modern and vitalized art ; because this establishment, decoration the artistic century. pieces of a itself to the with superannuated style, tendencies
of porcelain
in accordance the
nineteenth
I
fruit
is now
three
years
since
the close of 1900, and the of
At the moment when the S&vres manufactory tions, faulty broke and with with official errors and stupid resulting tradifrom a to
of the Universal artistic progress
Exposition
which marked a distinct This efforts,
technical result
in the work pursued
organization,
it was fitted, owing
SPvres manufactory. of prolonged
was the now in
the laboratories significant sibilities produced influence hagen,
and workshops
which it posmuch more
sessed, to enter upon experiments than those lying of other establishments. at Copenhagen upon
this, and now in that direction, success which, although prove that an institution varying, already
but with a seemed to very old,
within the pos-
It can not be said that works such as those have been without at Sevres; the for a reptime preof can less from Copenthan from the experiments in itself,
had still within it germs of vitality. The effects of these sustained efforts were seen in 1900; tractors, youth. Perfection had not been reached in the new work, and there were yet many points open to criticism ; but it was evident that the State establishment and had broken that blue, with the traditions as official coffee-cups of works which might puerile: in kings and be classed the vases to
so that S&vres, having

have entered into a
modisecond
but this influence proceeds considered principles
fied its work, appeared,
even to its worst de-
of which this manufactory, Therefore, from the
brief space, was one of the few worthy resentatives. when SPvres acknowledged it was able to apply cision and which by beauty decoration, be classed with imtnediately perfection the
these principles, to create works,
them with greater
of substance, ceramic
richness
is, the small
of workmanship,
masterpieces
CERAMIC
produced at Si%res during the eighteenth century, whose claim to merit lies in the fact that they belong absolutely to their period: representing it faithfully in both defects and qualities. The same can not be said of the works which issued from the manufactory during the greater part of the nineteenth century. The latter indicated nothing, not even the taste of the period of their birth ; for, from the artistic point of view, they were always behind their time. They were types of those works to which the title of official or governmental can be justly applied. They represented routine rather than art. As the products of administrators who seemed much less interested in their art than in gaining their rights to retirement and pension, they cast reproach and discredit upon an establishment, which, by virtue of the scientific researches there pursued, ranks as the first porcelain manufactory of the world. Today, we find altogether different conS&res is no longer an isolated ditions. place of activity. It is friendly to all innovations; to all experiments. In this old home of tradition, Cros has recently worked at his glass pastes, and Thesmar at his cl& 8on98Jenameled upon soft paste. Porcelain has been set aside for gr&; sculptors of all styles furnish models for biscuit ware, and, indeed, in all that concerns modern ceramic art, there are few experiments that have not been made- at S&vres. If, then, the products of the nianufactory are not always above reproach, one can no longer, with justice, as would have been the case twenty years since, blame the manufactory itself, but rather the times in which we live. SBvres participates in the movement. which forces art into new paths, and if one
PRODUCTS
criticises the manufactory itself, one can extend the judgment in a general way to modern art, which the products of S&es thoroughly represent ; since the defects found in these ceramics are faults common to all contemporaneous works. This fact should please us, as it argues well for the future of the institution: indicating that it is thou-
- ___,
-_-
-379
Porcelein vom br M. Wbleur
. THE: . . CXAFTSMAN .
oughly vitalized and that it is obedient to the evolution of art. It is praiseworthyfor such an institution not to arrest its own development ; to open wide its doors to artists who are not marshalled in the forces of the manufactory, and to give these artists the power to translate their thought into reality through the aid of processes elaborated in a scientific laboratory unique of its kind ;
through the aid. also of hands exquisitely skilful. Such indeed are the true functions of a State establishment. Aa in the eighteenth century, the inanufactory of. S&es does not today derive.& models from a single official artist or even a
mall group of designers. It pursues a broader policy and whenever a sculptor presents a model ada.pted to execution in ceramics, he is sure to be well received.
The manufactory is sometimes criticised for producing pieces other than duplicates of those which were made for Pompadour or Du Barry. At the present time it would not be difllcult for the S&w establishment, with its great scientific resources, to effect such reproductions, since private industries sometimes successfully accomplish the same ungrateful task. But if this policy were followed, the same reproach would be madeas that which is often addressed to the royal Dresden manufactory : namely, that of debasing, by copies more or less perfect, the old pieces produced in the eighteenth century. But the day when SQvres should engage in such a policy ought to be the last one of its existence. Instead, the manufactory lives, and although sometimes producing questionable works, it shows that it has ,left the beaten path of old ideas to follow the call of modern influences. Up to the most recent years, the produo tion of biscuit ware at S&vres was almost entirely limited to the rendering of certain old models,-some of them good, the others verging upon mediocrity. The really line models preserved in the Museum were often neglected, because much time and money would have been required to re-establish The system of.repetition their production.
Tend ml 8tatne. Winter, for open&
decoration. executed in u&u: Henri Cn)B
CE&AM_I,C, PRODUCTS
has now been largely abandoned, except in braids of hair, forms a support for a vase of wide expansion ; a similar use is suggested by the figure of a child who appears to be struggling Lighter, figures, foliage. to sustain a heavy burden. more delicate .-works will find a projected upon backgrounds of mod-
the case of certain standard pieces which will probably continue to be made, as long as the manufactory shall exist. Since S&vres has begun to produce mod& ern examples of biscuit, it has been successful in. most cases ; while certain new models, such as the dancing figures of Ldonard, have made a most deserved reputation. This success has not been arrested on the way, for, if one examines the productions of the years 1900-1909, one reaches the conclusion that a number of which the models have been well only gained indifferent results, chosen ; that other large pieces of sculpture promised have singularly by reproduction,
support in corasoles ornamented by female These figures are graceful
and above all by translation into a substance which refines the model and gives it a certain cultured grace. The future of this ware promises .well, as the establishment has gained the approval of the French sculptors, and, therefore, it will not fail to receive models. Furthermore, it. has at its disposition not only contemporaneous works, but also sculptures which are relatively old ; as, for example, from the work of Carpeaux excellent models are now drawn, with a reserve of many more equally excellent. Another innovation, relative to pedestals for the support of vases, or biscuit figures, has recently been made at S&vres. Under the old system, such pieces almost invariably consisted of bases. in kings blue, or shafts of columns accompanied by more or less elaborate moldings. But recently M. Guillot has furnished four different models of consoles which promise to be very serviceable. .These, by their proportions and varied types,. are adapted to different uses: a head of a smiling woman, surrounded by
. THE
CRAFTSMAN
animals have hitherto been despised by sculptors, who have limited themselves to a mere sketch of the wild boar. The dom&ic pig is certainly interesting in both form and movement, and it is not his fault if man has applied an evil sense to his name. He is very interesting in his attitudes and action, which reveal an animal capable of development, if he were confided to persons more intelligent than his usual keepers. It remains for art as well as for pork-butchers to rehabilitate the pig, and for the former to sweep away the foolish prejudice which has heretofore admitted him to her province, only upon condition that he was wild and dressed in bristles which spoiled the effect of his anatomy. But the S&res biscuit ware is not conflned to representations of animals, single or in groups. It is found in busts approaching the natural size of human heads. Among these, several charming models must be mentioned, as, for example, Love, by Leonard, for which some sprite or valkyr of the fountain in the Rue de Grenelle would seem to have posed. This work is exquisite and altogether worthy of Skvres. A bust of a little boy by Houssin is equally delicate in modeling, but the artist has hesitated in face of certain details : as, for instance, the hair, which he might have rendered more minutely, while retaining a breadth of treatment peculiar to the ceramic art. Masters such as Houdon, and before him the sculptors of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, did not fear to admit such details and to translate them with scrupulous precision. But they did not therefore fall into dryness and triviality. This is a criticism of small
ern caryatides whose heavy hips recall the innovations in sculpture made by Carpeaux, who dared to represent women as they are, and not as they appear in academic drawings, or in cold, grecoroman are the parallels of these. S&es has produced bears, dogs, cats, birds and, lastly, the pigs of M. Cordier. Such models provoke the question why these statues which
Biscuit
figurine. Palm Sunday, by Law-hBlairsy
points, but they are still points of value. Biscuit ware, like marble, demands of the
CERAMIC
PRODUCTS
beensculptured in marble ; it even send5 out original works, and Henri Cros, known for his experiment5 in gla5s pastes, ha5 juet modeled four terminal statues, the seasons, in fine half-antique, peculiar to him. admirable: half-modern style, replete with that indefinable charm which is The effect of these works, standing in the shade of a park, would be their light bronze color would unite admirably with the hue5 of verdure and flowers. In the direction of sculpture, the menufactory enters upon a new path: since it competes with marble, bronze, stone, nnd lead,-the only materials, which, up to the present time, if one except the work5 of the dclla Robbia and Pal&y,-have been
artistthat
he ehall not mass too freely. A work of sculpture is not a sketch, and this fact is ignored to-day by certain sculptors who allow workmen to translate literally into marble a rough draft in clay or wax. Expressly and talent. male figure, graceful for Skvres, M. Larche has exHe has grouped symbolizing about a feother the ecuted a centerpiece indicative of thought the year,
and smaller forms typifying
seasons; while children, whose faces cluster about the central figure, represent the days. The conception is a happy one, and, taken separately, each one of the figures ha5 real merit. The whole result is less satisfying, when the figures are assembled and grouped, by reason of a very. apparent fault of, scale ; the central figure being too small for the length of base. In this fact lies a serious error in architecture, and even in sculpture : ,for in attempting, to group figures,. the artist falls under fixed laws of proportion. Still farther in the series of biscuit pieces, Sevres has issued a large class,of statuettes, among which may be mentioned Disdain, -by Rivikre, whose Phryne is 50 popular in reproduction ; Pierrot, by Puech ; Ecstasy, Sunday, by Saint-Marceaux, by Laporte-Blairsy. and Palm This last,
the figure of a Brittany peasant, draped in her mantle, is, plainly, more refined than the original, but this departure from the truth of Nature is admissible, since delicacy is a requisite of work in biscuit. Sculpture in large, a5 well as in miniature, is now actively pursued at Skvres, but The manufac: only in the medium of g&s. tory has just completed a series of figures in this material, executed by Dubois for the tomb of La Morici&re ; it reproduces colossal figures of Boucher; which have many times
Porcelain vase. by M. Vignet and Mlle. Rault am
THE .,CRAFTSMAN:
permitted to provide open-air. decorative schemes. Interior decoration also receives attention at the manufactory, which has just sent out four large panels, executed for the PalaisBourbon. Thus it cannot be said that the institution is dead, nor even that it sleeps. It is simply following the evolutionary process manifested in every human being. If we cast a glance at the porcelains proper, we 6nd them equally encouraging, and the manufactory has no reason to regret either the administration of M. Baunigart, or the artistic and scientific supervision of M. Sandier and M. Vogt. government, Under this triple already so the improvements ing, as,was just,.the great.advance made by the manufactory in the direction of modern art, cast blame upon its somewhat pale color_ system. If this style, which may be named chlorotic, and which is not native, but rather due to foreign influence-notably the Eng lish influence-was able for a time to delight art lovers, for whom vigor and robustness appeared then almost vulgar, the pervasive blanching, and degeneracy have Such brought about distaste and. fatigue. glorification of an optical diseas+for disease it certainly is---could not last, and the national preference has returned for the stronger colors permitted by the atmosphere of France which, thank God, is not always veiled with vapors and fog., S&es has followed this movement; so that. richer and more vigorous tones, better adapted to ceramic decoration, appear in delicate touches upon its vanes.. This is not to say that tones as rich as are supported by ftience, can he given to porcelain, but there still remains between brilliant color-notes and dead or dying tones, a happy medium that the Shvres ceramists are upon the point of attaining. As to form the vases are generally good. A restriction to this statement may be made in the case of an ambitious attempt of M. Guimard, who shows a tendency toward the horrible modern style? now at the point of death, in spite of the efforts of certain. artists who would have done better to devote. their real talents to the study of nature, rather than to the bones of horses ; for such remembrances are called to mind by groinings and branches which lead to
- .
marked in 1900, continue to progress. In 1900, the critics, although recogniz-
Porcelain vase by Mimard
nothing and fill no architectural purpose ; which disturb the eye and spoil the simple contours upon which they. are superposed.
384
CERAMIC
But, on thecontrary, it is well for S&res to have given hospitality to several specimens of this species. It was necessary to make the experiment, and the result shows better than any argument could do, how freely the manufactory is open to all influences of progress, all manifestations of modern art, and how absolutely it ha5 cast aside the traditions of more than two centuries.
EROD.WTS
of whom must, when summoned by the C&W, ter members, present to the museum or ,t.& library one or several works representative ofhiscapacityandskill. This, group ,. the Academy constitutes
proper. The members assemble at .stated perioda, to study questions relative to the arts involving the plant. Academy. A bulletin' will also be issued to record and extend the work of the A system of in5truction has been ac-
ITH the aid of the municipal authorities of Par& a group of artists and savant5 have recently
ranged,
which is materially aided by the
floral riches of the municipal establishment and by the valuable museum and library. The instruction is advanced and is offered only to students of solid artistic education. The lectures are given preferably Sunday and are open to the public. upon
founded a so-called Academy of the Art of the Flower and the Plant, to which has been assigned a large area in the floricultural establishment of the city. The purpose of the Academy is to a5semble in this beautiful environment of plants all divisions of artists who derive their inspiration from the vegetable kingdom. Such are: I. Imitators (painters, sculptors, designers, florists, botanists) ; II.. Interpreters of all kinds). By this mean5 the Academy expects to create a special artistic center, enthusiastic and prolific, whose results may be happy equally for the artist5 themselves and for the development of their art. The active members of the Academy are divided into three classes : I. Masters, or titular member5 ; II. Adjunct dents ; member5 and unclassified stu(designers and. decorator5
III. Pupils. The masters are artist5 or scientists of authoritative talent and reputation, each one
Porcelain
vase by M. Peluche
and Mme. Leroux
-THE
SEITEI NOGUCHI WATANABE: ..BY
CRAFTSMAN
You will fmd here and there in Watanabe the sure trace of a certain classic school
YONE
HI3
factory Japan Watanabe.
modern Japan The
found
a satisof
l
graceful solitariness, like that of Tosa far away imaginativeness, like that of lover, which will not be put aside. delightfully into a hint of dignity, intelligible symbolism into deep school for his own use. great Japanese poet, Again,
;a ; a
expression of art in Seitei imagination wider
Kano ; the memory, as it were, of an old in Watanabe, the old conventionalism turns poetry.~
has been growing
and wider under the influence of Western
This artist would keep the essence of each Basho Matsuo, the once compared the
poets and artists to a beggars bag, because they gather whatever beauty and truth they may, from anything. Seitei Watanabe used to laugh at the artists of particular schools. He declared that he did not belong to any one.
Swallows and maple tree drawn by Seitei Watanabe
thought.
Her temperament, naturally humorous, is becoming sunny and less emo-
tional, while the dark intensity and uncomfortable rigidity of ancient times are loosenHer customs are changed. ing their folds. However, she is pathetically clinging to her old traditions with a somewhat apologetic smile. What vast learning she has gained in the last thirty years ! Happily, she is breaking which _ away from the prejudices _ she unreasonably cherished for centuries and centuries. Such is Japan. Such is the art of Seitei. Watanabe. Art is not the expression of one school, but the interpretation of the world and life. It should be universal. Some years since we used to despise the artists of Ukio-ye (Floating World Pictures), calling them artisans. We denounced their art as vulgarity. But Watanabe rushed among them, carrying his high ideals and superbly
.,.
.*-*
h._
-...
Design
for the book aover of Bimyo Yamas noveli.Kyoshi
no Samma
(For Teaahings
Sake,
trained hands.
He said art was nothing if
(a chinaware and lacquer-work
factory)
it was not an expression of our human life. He applied his,best,art to depicting subjects common. in streets and home. He put his hand to book illustrations. He is the great leader of the illustrators today.. rivers ! How our old artists pert&&A in How .-they protected themselves drawing only the scenery of mountains and from approach to the every-day subject of human life ! The designers were not classed tith the .artists some years ago. Watanabe, who never has any prejudice, tried at once to spread his own wings into the designing art. He was commissioned by Rosh0 Kaisha
in- 1875, to work for the advancement Nearly all the best designs of of design. chinaware or lacquer work which are seen in the Japanese shops in this country are from Sosuke Namikawa made him his originals. a head designer for his cloisonn6 factory. The reputation which the Japanese cloison~& has gained abroad is largely due to his art. He has received a hundred medals from various societies and expositions. He is the most versatile artist in subje$ as well as treatment, that Japan has ever produced. He is authoritative also in the historical picture. His art made an epoch, it is said, when he returned from France, some
THE CRAFTSMAN
ten years ago. He learned the laws of perspective, and light and shadow. His clever adaptation never shows crudity. That he never exposes the Western influences abruptly in his choicest art. What a wellbred atmosphere in his picture ! And what an abundance of suggestion! lines are charmingly sure. His single However, I
cannot understand why he falls suddenly into the hereditary formalism of making an impossible face, when he draws the human figure. If only you could see his pictures of birds and flowers ! Where have we his superior? A certain count, poetical, whose taste was not It happened that chamber were fishes and lotos. built a villa.
the screens of his private beautiful with Watanabes
Gradually his art worked a charm. The counts love of art increased. His temperament was soon. pacified. Finally he gave up his hunting. guns and political speech, and became a student of Seitei. Now the
\ \ i / ,,
,_Drawn by Seitei Watanabe
count is known as an artist. It is, as I hear, a story that he tells with great delight. Seitei Watanabe counts the Russian and Italian ministers to Japan among his chief admirers. It has been a custom of foreign travelers in Japan for some years to secure Watanabes pictures. His art demands a high price. A picture which he can dash off ih ten minutes commands more than fifty dollars in American gold. Watanabe studied under Yosai Kikuchi, one of the greatest masters, who has been dead now some years. He was born in Tokyo, some fifty-five years ago. He served in a certain shop as an errand boy until he was sixteen. His brother, who was keen to perceive his genius, assured his place in the world of art.
Drawnby Seitei Watanabe
REALISTIC
JAPANESE
ART
Peonies
drawn by Seitei Watanabe
THE
UKIO-YE
SCHOOL
OF JAPAN-
spective and foreshortening ; becoming acquainted with the study from nature and life as practisedbby Western artists. Iwasa Matahei, who became famous about 1640, was the first Japanese painter who tried to represent realistic scenes. One of the common people, he threw himself wholeheartedly into study of the many entertainThe idyl of .a ing phases of simple life. rustic love, the sports of children, the dance, the songs, the display of-crowded marketplaces,. and also the somewhat shadier sides of life: these apepaled to him, overwhelmed his enthusiasm and captured his dreams. Such subjects justify World Pictures. the title of Floating
ESE ART
(1700-1867)
OWARD the middle of the seventeenth century the first faint traces of an influence of Western pictorial art became palpable. The
artist, Iwasa Matahei, was probably one of the @st who became interested in Occidental laws of composition, his knowledge< being gathered largely from stray copper engravings which the Portuguese and Dutch traders had brought with them to Japan. Although these experiments had at the s&t no decided effect on the Japanese style, they helped to free it more and more from the shackles of Chinese tradition. The artists were initiated into the laws of per-
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE THE AND ORNAMENT WORKSHOPS
AND
IN
ORNAMENT
CRAFTSMAN
plied ornament, are required from the constructors of things made by hands,.whether these things are greater or smaller: the house to live in, the bed to lie in, or the desk or table at which to work. It so appears that the simple .and the structural are a spontaneous expression of the times, strong almost to the point of vehemence, and which no conventionality or expedient can suppress. They are not the outcome of a deliberate purpose.; nor are they imposed _.. for a season by t+
To retain a structural plan which may be easily read by the untrained eye is the ambition of all modern architects. When they place upon street or square an imposing public building, they wish it to tell, in its own words, whether it is a church, a town-hall, or a theatre, and this as plainly as if it were a roadside cottage. Complication, that other name for confusion, is every,where avoided as a matter of principle. This course is in accordance with the strict necessities of the times. It is, doubtless, an outcome of .the multiple modern development of the means of transit and communication. The traveler must be able instantly to determine the direction which he is to follow; while the reader of the public prints demands headlines which. shall give him the news of the world conveyed in the most compa$ form of expression. Such impulses to directness and simplicity being contagious and rapidly propagated, they have already invaded all provinces of .life, thought and art. Sharply defined ideas transmitted through a medium of transparent words are now demanded everywhere from the writer,. the preacher and the -teacher. Simple, - structural plans; with an absence of ap-
-.-
---,.
__
____._.
THE
t i i ,
CRAFTSMAN
Life, while the Russians, elemental in their passions, are attracting universal admiration by the manifestations of their ingenuous, racial art. The movement is worldthe old wide, and it advances, destroying tation. From these convincing
zaprices of fashion. They mark an epoch, IL distinct stage in the worlds progress. Simplicity has ever been its own justification, but at the present moment, this is doubly true. The oldest nations are seeking to return to it, while the newer ones are trying to retain it within their grasp. A Parisian now points the way to The Simple
limits and barriers of artificiality and affecconditions, it is
plain that those who strictly follow the principle of the simple and the structural, whatever may be their chosen medium of expression, do this with no fixed intention of creating They a so-called style. act in obedience. to their own
impulses and the requirements of the moment. In a word, they are the instruments, the translators of thought ; not the tyrants of taste, whose downfall is plotted by the public in the same instant that they are raised to power. Thus a positive conviction, a reality, has servedas the inspiration for the several pieces of cabinet-work here illustrated, which are among the most recent productions of The Craftsman shops. boldly These pieces, in every case, assert the purpose for which
they are designed. The chair does not reach out, after the attributes of the table ; nor yet does the round table purloin the characteristics of the square object of its-own kind. Each specimen preserves a structural drstinction as marked as that which separates, one from the other, the species and varieties of the animal and the The principles vegetable kingdoms. upon which they are based follow Nature, and must, therefore, be sound
and true.
)d. ,.
..,L.:,,.
.!_ :;. .
: . . . .
.,
I
THE
CRAFTSMAN
On the other hand, it might be urged against them that they are primitive ; that is, too close to the work of the original maker of a chair or a table ; that as Nature herself develops and disguises, so ought to do also the builder, highly civilized period. ture are living, the craftsman of a But this objection
can be answered briefly: the works of Naand each moment of life brings with it its own degree and point of interest ; while the works of man can promise nothing beyond the qualities which they Their first possess at their completion.
essential then is unity, and the harmony which flows therefrom: a blending of parts like that resulting from the union of the three notes of the common chord in music. Moreover, the complete justification of structural simplicity, one might almost say of structural crudity, resides in the archi-
tecture
of the most artistic
race appearing
in. history. The most highly developed Greek temple in marble preserved in its plan the elementary qualities of timber construction ; while its ornament was the elaboration and accent given to certain structural details: such ornament never disguising or interfering with the simplicity and signifiSuch were thj! cance of line and contour. flutings of the columns typifying the grooved bark of forest trees ; such also the triglyphs or upright markings of the frieze which recalled the primitive ceiling of the cella or sanctuary. In a similar manner, the pieces of cabinetwork, here illustrated, will be seen to have received their ornament. It is used, as was decoration with the Greeks, to relieve and make interesting what otherwise would
.* THE. CRAFTSMAN
1
1have been a too large area of plain, flat surface. Ik in every case, emphasizes the and so giving a ce+
simplified floral forms, seem to pierce the surface of the wood from beneath, aa t$ edges o~&nks tr&s Greek &ieze, and the rom&ends of tre$continued in semblan& to pierce the even after the translation of
; structural lines.;:&centing in most instarr& the verti&l &ne&~ i tain slenderness of effe$ to a whole which : were otherwise too solid and heavy. Further, this ornament, like that of the 1Greeks, appears : outward. ! applied.
the original timbers into marble. In the ornament of the cabinet-work, the silver9 lines with their expanded terminals -of bright bronze or colored hoods, contrast well +ith the gray-brown of the.oak which, n every -example shown; provides the building material. This native product, the @ahties of. which are no; receiving deserved &ten&&; is,:so to_speak, the.most human bf woods, that is, the most .amenable to the 2ducative process : the <literal drawing out ,f all that constitutes its value. : .$Jnderthe . Bction of ffuming~. and of other chemical processes, whidh might be compared to the experiences and trials of an individual, iit discloses unsuspe&$ qualities of beauty previously lying:&mcealed within its heart. There remains only to note certain details _of the pieces which make for usefulness. The closed desk shows a hinge.z$ich, by its i placing and construction, does away with . the-brace usually .employed to hold the door . in horizontal position ; permitting the latter, : when let down, to pass under the body of the desk. It may also be noted that the interior with its small drawers;. is made from the __odorous red cedar. Again, t&e chairs are provided with cane. bottoms, woven in large open squares, and thus affording seats. at once cool and pliant. The screen also justifies itself, in that it appears light and 1 portable. Altogether, it is hoped that these few examples may plead strongly for the simple and the structural as against the ornate and the complex.
to proceed
from -within
discs
It bears no trace of having beer It consists of flne markings,
and other figures of pewter and, copper which, like the stems of plants and obscured
:.
:.
398
ART
ANI)
THE
BEACTT
OF EAKTH
faces fierce
and wrath
figures and takes
go past brutality
ixw, it rouses in me also, of born books do, that nie till
tile and 1
wILI~IAhl
iuORHIS there is no square

SUrfiXk?
rcvzklcssness lnile
tllat
S
claim decent
ill1 tion
possession I mostly of being
URELY earths not men
of is
rwiernber, 111~good
illld
as T hope luck only that among JI:lS put and
it ~8s
inhabitable_ will only abstain
respect:ibie side of the and lovely side, degraded

what iill
beautiful that, due beauty of labor;
in its own way, from earth man of the every for cwrg
of 111:LliC boast in 1lCr art. Of
if we that I
rich
rllc on this on the foul

CA11 think,
wilfully who will and
window works the lodgings.

tlliLt
tlclightful not tllc

\\oldS not
dcstroging e;~rn it, by industrious

CXOd)itiLllt that is
of art, ciiipty
other and
say
in
as the
right
street,
\Tll:lt, ? Do
a tlcccllt
house with
honest
surroundings family
CliLilll too apt iLI)t tO
lll@LllS
I beg
of ~011, the
; that
lmno t0 to
is the C!lililll which Is it such

iL civilize
tllat that,
I am speaking nIlen 1 think tliing h)iolild ant1 mighty

tll(
rhetorically of all this, is tlut
or saying I ferl that this her and great all forturn pcopl~ the phsthat it? really If so,
I make of you in the
01iv gw:Lt country

011
I desire shake
after-tliniwr hlcssings llWl~tl1
off from
s )CCCll~% I fiLr-OR
; tO0 pWplc3
thlYlSt
eign that
coloiii:il force
1lOfWS Is
t!iit;Lglriliciits, of licr rcspcctd~lc of tlw poor

Of IllCll. no hop Is Of
iLt the tllC tiler
C;L1IllOllS <llliLlit?_ :IR
boforc
l)lCSS-
slle h:lS improved

ings ilIlY SO
Of
those
to giving
11IYS itTl(l i~iipossil~lc?
tlic diiltlrcn
tlicrc
fiLl tll:Lt,
CVCIl
Worth ? CliLilll is of 1 as
having exorbitant.
th inanil-
ikt
priw, I
the
SlllilllWt
\VCll,
i1111 afraid
tll:lt
CiLll Only S:LJ tllitt civilixation
is iI clcllisioii and no liop~~ to 1)~s I what

tllclll
ISot
facturing
y011 :tS metropolis, that,

in to th you,
ITpWsClltiItiVCS arid SW111
;~ntl :L lies ; thaw is no such thing Of

WC11 l3iit it. thing.
districts,
representing to
lliL\C
:15-
the
surllcd
hitherto rate ; nor

that
sinw
I wish
to live,
ant1 wcii it impossible. ant1 desires

hRVC SiLTCd
ilt
ally
is tllclrc
one
its
I Ci1Il not believe lli~~~~~~~ know

fr0)ll
f:iiiiily
Claini I.ook
:t thOl~S~llt1 right as I
IliLS Wtitl)liShd
by my own feelings
WllRt tlCptl1 WOllltl Of
;LfOrCsiLid. sit at work at lioine, wliidi
tllCYK! lllC11 W2Lllt,
tllis
wllicli
lO\VCXt
SiLY:I@?rv
: I?lllplO~self-respect
of COUld tlyir COlllC
is- at often
H;~~lll~l~~l~s~llitl~, close hwr at go past recwrring the window intervals.
to
the
river,
mclit
would prniw
foster
aid
their
sympathy
sonic of tliat i1s I

of
:md
win
tllc,
I.llfiil~iSlll
Of wliic+ :1 gOOd dl.Vll l1:l.S l)C!ckn SiLid

hl
fc~lloas, to
iLll(1 dwelli~i~s
pICiLSIIrC, :Lrld
which
tllcv
iw f or0
tll<l
wit11
surroiintliiigs
which TCiLSOlI~LI)lC
would
IihOr, thing
YC~~S:111d hicks wst 011 tlW

1111(1JIiltoll, iLSI
:Lncl :x11 tllc dcgr:i(l;ttongue tllc SIliLkIYTklCSS SW
sOOtll(~
ClCYiLtt tllCm,
rest. Thcw this, is
this
SPCIY
glorious
,T:lson:L~,lC that Can gin,
only
one
hlYltil1,
tllcnl
iLIlt tlliit thing
Xrt.
397
A CX.AFTSMAN
A CRAFTSMAN 1904, NUNBER HOUSE: ONE
for November, detailed inf ormaof a the founding of the Magazine.
11m1c
HOUSE
as to enable easily
structure
SERIES
OF
pletc
error.
any
one familiar them
with
building
The what I)eiiig mctd
to
lwre
esccute
without
T
rcsidcncc betwcn
HE
C!RAFTSnlAN contained
illiistixtcd liousc with
is a sollle-
1803,
heavy
l,nllooli-fr:Llllccl and corcrd
; the
frnllle
tion wgarding Homebuilders
slicatlictl lath,
espaii(led
(lub, to be conductof the pur1904, in
and tlic whole
coattd
with ccnlent.
ed under the auspices Announccniwt pose to publish, each monthly of
was then during the
the year cost
issue, the design of a detached which should range thousand including

wodtl
k-o and fifteen designs,
dollars. complete
TllC
roof of strong projection, hut rleitller
It was furthtlr twelve proposed

to any nlenhcr
announced
that one of the

he furiiisliecl
plans and spccifiwtions,
of the (1~1~; the choice to be the request. House of the and therefore, (raftsman with t,hese statein the belief style,
%cowling might
SpiHliSll
nor
iii the
frowning, with
Usd
as
liusl<in red
made by the member proffering In accordance, ment s, the 1904 that favor. scrics, first
say,
tile
is covered
unglazed
li~~~-lY~IIed pattern,
with ridge under quality obtain The cstcrior and
rolls and cresting. cement work is loft rougli, producing dificult beauty. nwcsof doors cffccct 01 to which method, arc
is hcw2 presented, its vigorow
All the exterior and
its simplicity,
the trowel : a treatment texture by any other necessary
its picturesque
qualit_v, will find immediate
and to which elcmcnt, in the
time and weather
give additional dccoratirc designed
is furnished giving
by a structural s@xn a pleasing alternation
sity ; ,a carcfullv windows mass by the proper solids.
of voids and
It will bc seen, therefore, The acc~mpanging cost of $6,500 residing and of labor, designs represent a of the exterior tors : simplicity employment house which can be const,ructcd proximate of materials uncertainty in the for the apprices instance, of as the tion by the judicious
that the problem to a soluof three facmaterials fwturcs
has been brought working of building
; the slight clement

which vary accord-
; the
as the of
of constructive which plays
only means of decoration the color-element a part The ture, whether in all satisfactory nionumental of the treatment
; :I recognition
modern interior
ing to locality. in all succeeding that the plans drawings
In the present examples, may be easily
so proniincnt architecis based

399
it is intended read ; that may be so corn-
or domestic.
and specifications
THE
CRAFTSMAN
GROUND PLAN
FLWR
upon tion effect

h
tlic s:me being from
principles
; tiw essential
ques-
interior, and
110
WC find
the
vestibule, furnished
Ml, in
living sclcctcd
one of cconomy the nmteri:~ls few section incspensivc.
in the artistic tlic mahum

tllCSC to
dining oil 01 wrnish
roon~s
scllsc: that is, how to obtain comprativel~ llic n~iddle tion
dicstnut
of a l)roWl-griLy tone, upon whicll
cmploycd,
1liLS l)Wll USCCl.

a species deful,
It has been of l:qucr, :I
in nun1ber,
and
Colll-
trcnted instcwl with which dries pcrfecly prcscrrw t ing.
pamtivcly
pl~~pitlYLti0~1 which does not prodrlcc lUStIT, of the :tdranccd by tllrec round n by into porbays : arches. and, further, the wood from moisture and spot-
of the fapdc door openings new
is piercctl fl;mkec~ give
a. centd
Ihcse
rcctangul:tr known as
In the second story, the hall continars the chest,nut of trilu of thr the four ground principal floor, while tllc bedrooms is of by al)mentioned.
porch, the floor of which is covered with an interesting Asbcstornzxn. I+om this porch, advancing 400 into the trw composition,
lliLZClWOO(l, finished to a grren-gray plication of the lacquer before
The
remaining
bedrooms,
Rs well
iis the and

b>lt,ll-
ing
room,
and tlw Id1 left :I thin i1ndw

corcring Of the
arc1 twamd tlic trowel,

room
with :~nd
clod-room,
golden-green. room is
kitchen, The
serving-room,
trim Of the
lncqiicrcd chestnut ; tlic pltdw beams king

COiLtCVl with Ilic in
hctwwn the
pantry, arc finishecj in Georgia
pine, stained
Of t)rOWll SllClliLC. is Imilt
of hazelwood, but here the walls to with AsFcstorcwziL of a plcxsing
fireplace
living
;L lieight of five feet, ai well as tllc floor, arc covered (Golwlin blue tone. The floors of the living room, the dining won1
iLlld thC ll:LllS, both the UppCr and the
reel Huwrd
brick ; a picturcscl~w cffcct the bricks of lights as to an(1
king
sccrirccl by accepting
they come from the kiln, without regard their color ; tht dtcrmrtion than R uniforidg of shade.
clarks being much more pleasing to the cyc Ahore the fircto tlrc place, thcrc is a wooden shelf fkcd bels of gray stone.
loner, arc of whik pine, staid
wk,
fumed nut, brown; are of Georgia room, the din-
while those of the kdroo\ns yellow-green. The ceilings of the living
masonry, nncl siipportccl by simply cut cor-
400
tlucw
monious
iii C0llll~illiLti0ll
cdfwt, pxyish l)_y its qiiali~y
with walls of
this of tlic
a dull
rcry
Ii:~r-
pcnco&-
l)ltic~ ; illc
fabric
I)cillg rcs;ult.
lI(~rc espcci:~lly 111(> ciirtaiils
valu:Ll~lc~ to tllck artistic of tllv (lining

:liitl pym
100111 ill< of k)],lc
lincs11, figwrc~tl in rod< (*iihllion is yctllom-gwen, hlY~\~ll, l,ll,C ant1 ycllo\v.

111 tllcs I\-It11 :LIl( 111055 rcxcliilrg living 100111, tllc walls arc into corc~rc~cl p:~ii(~ls, fill)YiC iiisllingh ill< Of flll~KY1
; tlic se;lt
:mtl tlie _t)illons :irc Ilw 1110r:J,1c fur0:lk il.lld tllc cli:LirS
filY(ll CXllViLS, cliYiclct1

to ;L friczc Of t
1181VC rllSil1
IhYllYN)lllS \VilllS. tll?
SCiltS.
II<, SillllC
A\ first
CLll(l Ill
1% illc
trC<ltfd,
illld
:IS t0 tllc
tl1ckir
ii1 t:ln color,

l.iLt
pii
whicl1 is stciicil~~tl :L tlccvt11v fwtll~l lh~ clcdric

f0c1,s
111055
glY(n.
SVc()nd
iVC%Tt/ofif, of
tllc
:L~l:Lpt~YI f,ml Zii17i IntliilllS.

Soft
iI1
iti ant1
phl~w
gr((n 1)111111
: l)otll
Oriill~( *!lltl
11ariiig
hlmwll, laicl
steiicilcd
ceilings wit11 rcyl
(lc3igvi
of'
triczc3 Of
In-owl1
(valor is ;~fFortl(~l l)_v col)lwr \Vitll

SlliltlCY Of
1:1i1which
01~1ivory,
illIt
tlwir
fool.5
tcnls ilIT chins.
YCllOW glilSS, tlw wiling :Lt 4th
lwgs.
Ill0 curt:\ins floss.
arc of plain, I)orJcLrS, is of o:Lk
suspc~ntld Stilt
pillows
froni
1)~ iron Clltl Of
sc,lf-cY)lOlYYl lincw
wit11 (11.ilM.11 work
tlo~,v wit11 yclloa-l)ro\vii cusllions

with COVClWl
Ihc long the and

100111 :II(
Ilr lmt 11 ~OOI~ISxl1 tllc furnitum fulu(~tl to iL llrlt lnwwn.
~~Ol~l~~~~l_lliLtC lYY1 tll0 S:,lll( CO101., hrillonizw l)lO\~llS, which
CilllViLS: tllc ;dinir:d~l~ l~ciglitcmctl w.iii:lows

of
showing
iLlSO :, gray-grcrii I
PllgS in \V:Lrlll
wit11 tlie ~hillc~r;t~i:~t c. Ilie floor

Wtls iltld
is lilitl wit11
1)~
th
contrnst Wltll 1Ollg

ul)On
of
gr~~c~n: tllc
Clll+ilillS
:tI( llllllg
I//Ofif,
licrc 1iio1~l~lc of :d
5:lSll
IlllI~IciLCllc~l
lincli1,
tl0llc~ tlicrc
wl~icli
l)luc. of at
is tr:LWtl
ilIl(l gSrc(11,
l~c:drooni palv
t:lillS
1)
11:~s
01~1 (hhclin ceiling, and with
blric~
walls,
cur-
:I popl)y
:wmitd Ilic consist
iii
rose-tiiits with
lwiol~-_vcllow gray of tllis

:tllcl &III
lincii clcsigns
wit11 l)lrlcb (llX\V1l-\TOL~l<. lll(~ frirniturc 11i:Ipl(k. inhicl is one in Tlw rcIV110 woocl, pcwtc>r :md copper.
rooni IlOt
furnisliings Stilndillg
tliis c4tlwr
room
is silwr sclicnw
fillclll(llt
I)ool<-C:tSCS
sitlc
peacock-l)luc
of the cliiinilc_y picw, ltatllc~r top,

soft mscs being
TllC wainscoting, ras
a round
chirs grwn.
divided alld
till)lc
cdiioncd
with
in
of pcculi:lr
tllOSe
:Lll(l pieces
Ci1S.V
filil t0 plC:lSC
ldlwr
of :L dcliwtc is fiiind doors

II1)~X~
711e \wod
favor lh colors Georgia
1<1,,glisl, i(lCilS of tlccoration. s~rv:Ll,ts wllicll pint.

it of is nwcssary tllc IlOIlSC, to SllCll SiIq itS tllat tllC
of ~11 the
~lll~~~~lliL1
oak and tlit: hook

into s?lOrtCr two OllC
l)drool1ls, tintctl with
m:1rlml
011 the of
II:LV(. glass
~MllC'lS. tllC!
pla11s E: xiid
F, ha\-c contri~st
wallsin plain
the wood-work
1CiltlCd iir 511l;Lllsq,l:HYS.

Ildl 1liW cowrcd tlic acljaccnt its
side \VilllS, ill)OVc tllP

with ycllo~~--green dining rooni crzi1pro-
In conclusioii
certain csscntials
, .
wliilc
403
I _
32INOR
RESTDESLIA~,
psscsi,
STREETS
it Itlay Idp
of
l)C SttppscYl ttrv

fonwtYl
to
illfllir~ltcY~ tltcs
01 Ictlogl~;l,l<
I,:Lttk--to
lrlo\~tllc~tlt
tllc
1:lcc.
So a ticw cligtiit.v, tllc, pica for
:L
ltt01.:Ll Cfltillii_V, :trt
COttIcS into tltc
civic.
wlirtt
.\trcl
it toitc~lt~s ih tltcrc
Ir0i11vs of tlrc, p0p],-. for htrty itt tllc ;ttt(l tit,,
tto tlrsirc
(WtllfOt+ lll(~hr lhll,

\vill Ix,
Of [KiLCY;ltI(1 IlilL.ttlOtl~ it too
ltotttc~?
ilIlt
ill1 Otllc*l Il~((hhilL~
tlctxils
tlcvicc
Of
\\(x ix-cogttixc
\r.c,ll to Illakc~ tlrc, clitcsti,jtl

IIIC lltl~~~~~lilillc~l Itt:t wc~ll-nigh tlw sick w5tbv:trtl. of itti:tttitttot:~ 1)~ t]t(, 01
c~ottsttwct hitltl)lic~tl
ioti to
illlt I
llIc~lliltliC:Ll
~lCS~I.\.~ ill1 ;ltls~vCt.

1Oll,g .gtwwtli i~~l~litioti
tlloh(
tltcx Ilotitc~ltttiltl~~t~, tltcs sit0 of
wltc~it liis
olMt~\.~,l of (*itin
illd to w(+t
II< 3ll;LII IlOll%. to tllc

hp.
IlilVC tlc+c~ntrittc~tl fttrtii?rli~~l

il
illltl
hi:,
Of (~:tl~~itlittiott
worlr
to tlic>ir
itn
tltcs ttotttc~s
tltxttgdttstllctt
of t lI( ~l.ilftxllliltl
\VllO
il I 1Ic to
Clloosc~. ilftC1
t0
h(c1115 liLc* :I11 tltc

\I.Oill.ill(bh~
itttwtis~ioits :ltt(l toil
vivltlittg, Of tlt<b Of
(lil!.,
tllc, hcckottittg Is it riot
tltti,,t tl:(,
OS
I
:I
JIISOlZ
1~1~:sI1)~:sII.\I,
sI1~1~:Is
iltltl
I)CillltY
tltV
AtI tlh?t. of
cotthistc~tit tttcbtx-I? for Itttiittcw itt tlrv wiotislv

(ivic
t(lt<t itiott \vlicsti

titcti
t Iltlt ~)Cilltt(OllS sigtt

is tlottc~, tli:Lt ttttc-Ott-
tllc, to\+ it cxxihtc7l
hky,
c:illS
work
tliitlivr?
iii ttiltl~
01 lllillllltil~t1tl~~~~~~tllCt~C \VOtlltl #ll . itt if tttiikittg it (~xihtctl Ililtt,lhotlt~~ t~i(~t-c~ly its ltcs Ic,tt tltcs Of tit \ it5 iti
It<* hwllt
illt llil~~ tltcstl, wltc*tt atit1 Its it wttic5 it fittcls
il tl(\V iltltl to
il
Iriglicr
ittt-
t IlOtY~li~ltfiltX~~ r~~tt~kmwith
:
for
atit
piths
tlic
Iiotrrcs waititig tit<,

grC;lt
of tltcs iltl(I
tlici riclt,
t It(sy trtigltt ISitt
\1.01.lw1.8. l~c%tlv.
ficltl
ttot
to
%Y~I; Iw:lltt~ top*tltvt ioti, tlroscs
~l~~\\.IICI.~.
ilh
fttwltlctti
ilS
ih
Ott
collc~ctivc-, il\Ctllt(S
l~llSl11~'SS
Itrittp f)of)itl;tt
tll< \vlio,
tllil,jOt Itaving
ftit,tt to
<1\1(.ittt(l splc~tttlitl,
it i\ tlot (list rid. itt to t(ilClI iltt(l
tlIC s ilS
\vorl\
iticitcs
. Ill Ill<
tlcybtl, :Ltc sotttc+ltittg tll~tl :ltl(l

c~lriltlrctt of
Itcsttc,r
\VllO
tlliLt1 ttiitdiittcs
(IlYillllS, iltltl littlc glOl> wit
It
is to
Itiirtiiotii~~~ privatca
itltlividl1i~l (lltl(ilVOl
cxftllil)
\VOtll(tt
(ItYiLlll
tOttS vrvc
OVCI(sl tll:lt
itt \I.lIOS< f;UYY slt0i1Itl
t II<> \VOtltk~ Still,
tltct pithlic
hilid Httskitt.
cwtl.
Ilrcl ~stc~rior
ih tlot
tttltl
of yottt
profwt+y.
Iiit.iitlihc~
lingor
0tl
yoiitlis
SOlItS,tltc
It
I tottt(,
So
priwtc
lovcs rclfiliittg itt wlioh(~ liwrts

is c*li~rislrc~cl tttitltitiitl~~s Iwforc~
tlO\V
fittg:sr
tlivir
iIgc(l
Ilcn StiltCtlq
l)Ol(lly witlv
strikittgly,
ii f)ritttlt;tt
f)ill? Of tllc,
St YCVt ill<
tllcx vision c~xpdittttly.
of tlw
Ipon
city
of (htl tlrcx tvci

ill<
ciplv
tl1iLt
Ilits
IC~iLl t-wogftitiott-~hl!Cll
tllc
tllcw~, tlt:m IlW\ Of the
tllcs oittsitlc fi~Ollll~lh

ilS
Of tllc
tllilV
IlOllSC iltt(l
I)< SCCtt
of tlrcs city, of
nhts Iliiuiiitlity.
ttiorc
tlOlll
tlic~ lwp
tlw very
tllilt firltl
tw11 cottcw-tt
Itilsi>, tllCstl,
of tlicb trc~igS]tl~ors.
Of give iLtl(l tlliltl tilli<-
Ott
-it
tllC5 sttxillitlg
\VIIO tllillr(bs
II,\ nii~kw
\.iltl~llill.d tl1(% city tttitk(s
tti:iuhitid.
Hv
fo1
\~~rltl." ,lVf)Ctltl(llC<
of tlicsc is
1l,sS,
SOttl~\Vllilt
SltL~l
IttlS~~lfihll~~
th
As
~~t~vit~ottttic~ttt this 01
if
not of
so tlic
lovclv----rtds triinoi~ rc5itlcntiirl
tlicb
invititl;; strcrt, itt
\volws lowly itig, spirits
\vorlwrs. tmtl
ilS
~tivitwtittttmt
mtl tlcplY!ss-
cliat-:wtc~t.
uplifting,
Ill~illl
ho fiw its it tlepwds
oti itidiritlual
liotiies.
it
fwds
or starrcs
outlook upon
tlic
artIt
brains
it
and
cotii-
whose
7-
406
MANUAL
TRAINING
MAPXJAL SHIP
TRAINING
AND
CITIZEN-
has gathered senting society. The
about
him a company of both
reprehemi-
all nationalities thoughtful
and all classes of
I
1904, the
response
to
many
requests workmen,
from as The
spheres admit that to impart manual skill is to multiply the resources of the individual,
teachers in the public school-system, well as from Craftsman construction amateur opens of
in its first issue for papers treating necessary in things
a series of illustrated
every household. and produce Technical by educators and natural recognized
It is believed by the Edito be desired. alike
tors that these papers will fill an actual need results greatly training is now demanded
and by those to be educated; is rising slowly to its old beside the school. are coming The to be place
while the workshop
two means of instruction as coordinate;
since in order to
prevent waste of human power, communication between the brain and the hand must be rapid, clear and complete. the Russian preached The apostle prince of this principle, kin, who long Kropot-
in the wilderness,
THE
CRAFTfMAN
not only as regards his power to ;rccuuluhte

wealtll, hppinws. ndizc, but dso pwinanwitlg
ClY!iLt~.
who arc sensihlc~ of should younger. cm~fully
this
udoubtcd and direct
fact, the
to
to
arquirc cstcr-
gu:trcl
lhc dcsirc to
to iiiake ali i&:1 visihlc mid tangilh, child, ~n:dws for the tlic forlniLtirc period, A or tlw inisforunc of the niim, mthrough 11~ child or voutll
Thus thcrc arc both positive nntl ncgativc reasons for insisting througl~orit training i&x. our upon tlic clr~rclopnicnt of tlic n~aiiut~l country
wtiicli is strong in th prosperity cording if,
Tlic kind of education which in tlic i&a produces, is and tlie farmer, txxining for Xanual city to the vilhgcr
it be dirc~ctcd ~11 or ill.
tlw system iiirolrctl as ncccwq as to tllc

t11c to\vllslllall.
who builds, will not, dcf;wc or destroy. or opposite,

408
quality or inipulw has alw:~ys its co-rehtirc, :mtl the iiitdure, tlic tr:Lincd,
child
of
tllc
slunl is :Ilrndst ilri
MANUAL
equivalent from falliiig of lift-saving. iuto idhess, himself, with It prcrent,s him not 1)~ forbidding but by enjoining to adorn results tlic small him his of his to of
llset0
TRAINING
hilli to divert to do so. tcriclllcnt-lioilic hidicruf of t.
It CnCOI1TiLg.p him
It tcnclics him the principles

which, bring
:
construction
t0 :LllOtllfl
applied :L fund powers
one niateri:ll or medium, lit will invariably

atlill)t
thus acquiring in its growth,

ant1
information evil froiil

fill tile to Iiilnself
which, llis mind,

itllcl
will espcl
dcvclop
otlwrs, iLS 1lC advances
duties of his iii:Lture life:
as lw lxxomcs
workman,
the a
sustixining citizen of
mcmbcr the light,
of manalone
a.
f:miilJ-, and
Republic. a
Viewed in this ual trniiiing means city

slum.
is not In
of child saving the
in the same
problematic iuxlizing proccss,

:1111011g
district, it may in poor order comes of conto
l~ccomc also a means of natour Americans l)Y the the desire the increasing foreign for which possession tlic ability
thrift, tlirougll clicrislictl
and chnlincss
objects, of the something Icast, that from
sciousness produce and, wllicll not
useful, content u delinot
springs
uitc aim and il constant, L 00 I:horious
employment
409
THE
CRAFfSMAN
which the Christian sponsible. children, What world is historically is true of the re-
Hebrew
is also true, with slight differences, elements of with population. important poor: of Therefore, manual
of the other non-amalgamated our youthful two equally upon among
aims, we must insist training first, as a means of which we owe ; second, of the for the
the development our city
acquiring
skill and happiness
to the defenseless Republic. In the rural establishment ent causes. I great, although fluences humanity of
and the ignorant
as a means of preserving districts,
the integrity necessity
of the same system is equally it arises from wholly diffcrthe evil incrowding of and As we counteract the herding
zI
in the large cities, so we must also the country : that affords in As, the culti-
set ourselves to urbanize all the advantages in the city, inventive
is, we must pass on to the tillers of the soil which progress training, the centers of research and experiment. manual through quality and the self-reliance
Manual especially young
training Hebrews
has
been
recognized
as
beneficent in its effects among the in our cities, who, for the of Russian of handicraft, barter parents, are by and resort, occupafor children
most part, if left
without traditions means of petty istic,

410
to themselves,
to money-getting and trade:
tions which intensify and one,
their worst characterin passing,
be it said
MANUAL
vated by it, acts as a safe-guard against evil companionship, so, in the country, it diminIf ishes the depressing effects of isolation.
TRAINING
developed upon its artistic side, it will create a taste for good books, enlarge the horizon of the rural craftsman by making him feel that he is associated in the worlds work, and, in all ways, act as a bulwark against the urban drift, population that magnetizing of the to the towns, which is watched instrument It will to create
with so much alarm by economists. become a powerful
hope, content and beauty, and, therefore, aid, as in the city, to preserve the integrity of the Republic by harmonizing its varied elements. With this recognition of the power of the idea of manual training The Craftsman casts whatever energy and influence it may possess into this movement, whose greatest present defect is the lack of co6peration and As earlier stated, the Magcentralization. azine will, hereafter, in each issue, present
a simply-written, thoroughly illustrated article which, it is hoped, will be as effective in its teaching as a class-room, or better, a workshop lesson. For a beginning, cabinetwork has been chosen, since it involves an easily treated material which is the first essential of the human dwelling. It is further chosen for the admirable lessons which it affords in all that concerns structure, and for its equally valuable teachings against the misuse of ornament. The lessons thus proposed will proceed
411
THE
frottt they very Inay simple be pr~lhtns to those folhvcd trdc fOrtning who hit be the sldl also censor the bc able, and of his
CRAFTSMAN
which THE STRESUOUS LIFE. BY THEO-
dctrt:mtl t,lte grade sc11001, equipped ottly sltnll and errors.
a grwtcr to tltc ant1 cud craftsman,
skill iii cscctition purely by
: so tltat from fully not x110 critic, Own to
DOKEC l~oosl$Yl~:L1
progressively
or tccltnical
A
strive that tttitn mltioti tlte
LIl;K pcacc lack after
Of ignoble wlticlt citltor great,
wsf,
a life tttercly
of that frcm to worthy
springs of tlesirc
or Of power
to construct, unite tltfreforc
to judge;
tltiitgs,
is its little
in ltitttsdf
csccutant
Of :L tlitti011 as of att itidiritltinl. \VltiLt every cletttantls self-rcdpcctittg liitttsclf, and Of the front
I ask only Atiieric;~n from his Attici~icnn xoultl is to be be
It is also intentled m&l-wOrk as a incdittttts erntion; tltc the create aad tltc Of tltei1tlS since
to extend ctitplogttient dccorntioti.
tlte lessons Of fabrics But
SOllS, sltall tcitclt your tlte ultittt:~te up arc not
It0 tlcttt;detl bogs goal that after
its ii wl~ole.
M-110 2r111011g you c:tsc, tltnt in your wlticlt thy pe:we eyes-to
these consiclof
to
llil\-e l)cett rcscrrcd itt tlte first
for later
firsit consitlcmtion
cast, tlte shop
strive? zd gottr it is usctl
trtctal-worker and conduct tttcdiutti The first
is sotttewlt:~t~ cspcttsive
. . . Tou work y~itrsclvcs,

gown- sons
and you hing tcaclt
; wltilc in the second

is less ittiportiltit as he in the scttlc, clcrclopcd
case, than t,y
to work. your salt, they
If you arc rich, ~0~1 will ttt:ty- linvc leisure,
of work lcssott,
aort,liy
the Other two to lx treated. pictures, simplicity, rid. ta\)les ltnw arc is &vi&d Ilic forms prittiitivc, suggested into the heads Of tlte of utility, chairs and maker fitted c_ves of They and plihlg The arc loosclg arc tiiorstrut-them, tllc small of c,f music in-
sons that leisure it, being for work tion, cessful lionor tltcir to carry in
tltougli
to be spent tttercly free
in idleness mwtis frottt that
; for wisely
those
wlto possess Of working l~ound
atid lioncsty
use of rnatcas would
tlw necessity
liveliltood,
are all tltc tnorc iii art, country,
:dtitost~ such They the
Ott sottie kind historical ncctl carr-yittg out
of ttoti-i~ctuttincrativc in csplor;lOf tltc the sucmost pcx~. reflects
tltctttsclvcs hefore atnatcur
to the first are tlicrcfore utispoiletl
in scicttce,
it-t letters, in this
of t11csc ol,~jccts. to 1x2 1tl:tcctl children corporate express scparntc fitted wltilc tisrd turd the atid Beyond and
rcscarclt-work Of which
typcb we tttost upott
craftstitcn. of &sign
no ygarics conceptions all this, pieces tltcg which
tlw n;Ltioti. tltc titan of tittiid wrongs victorious ltis nciglr-
of rest and convenience. do not falsify. cornposc not f~sscttiblcd ttictitlx2rs with iii cr:uttitting from tltc great like es:ttttplcs tltcrn
We cl0 not adtttirc effort
Wc :tcltrtirc the tit:~ti wlto ctnl~otlics
; tltc ttt:~ti wlto ticwr

is pr0tttpt virile strife stern
to one i~notlter, tltc more and critic pinnctl pttsscs p~trpow lt~tttcl~
t,or ; n-ho win in the hart1 trictl
to help qtditics
:L friend; ncccssary life. we get frotti that there ncrcr
hit
to It is
itttportattt togdlter in tltottgltt, to nave ltarttton7;,
who ltas tltosc
a real
of ;wtunl life
: so tltat,
ol).jccts
to fail ; hut to succectl.
it is worse In this Precdoiit ttiei~ns
to hvc nothin has effort
ing save by effort. t11c prCSCnt, \xxw stored

up
construction:tl Bcetltown &xl.

412
merely . effort
nnd
the
of Atniens
Cathe-
in the past.
CHIPS
haw stctd traces well of 11n1iicd the daily food world-sorrow. he saw of Toil: Inthe le:ive of of forced in
111ag11ificcncc, which mid
everywhere labor,
T
cut tl1wi scwc The er who ing whicli in
of the
Crucifixion
Hl, ~ItAFlSMAK,
the
ICiL\-CS Of' :L
ils 11~ turned

LoOk, from quotation
Sc*iLrs ant1 nmrks iiiih:mit:wy upon dirt, tllc \v:lys At
11:md physical surroundings tlic ignominy which comes
Christiims
cli:~ncctl Yictor
cllanncl
upon IIugos the
tllcs 11iiiii:u~ fr:mie, :uid tlw tlespir Such in the idea of this
CJw~l \7:Ll*jc:m, which
iL new
for his tllougllts traditio11:d
: sending
pwtornl is no thinkthe
coiihcwicnt. tile streets, cwigregatcd.
conditions poor sliops,
were far from On all sides, in the doorwere
away into
from stern not
of iiiagiiificciicc. tllc tcilciiic~iits, sight, This best

fdc.
and sorrowful
places.
q11ot:Ltion read : lias at tiiiics of tlic lower

ullusll:L1
Tlicre
classes.
lrs rt/iserahles memory also to

:qaiii,
contci~iplated
1n:rgnificcncc
a11
tlic
of
H sccolld of the a fiery who of his from out the that give which win tlie
fellow come with
It was the word prorctl
bilil:~~llifiCel~Cc,
SCllSC illl< 1
:Lppc:~rCraftsa feeling in wliirli of the treated cvciiof the

as tllnt
master spirit, gnvc

llnll:lppy
of thought an iiitcnwly his
rose time
to tlic mind it was nature,
connection,
(~r:LftSlll:LIl.
so co1i1pclling. a criticism all
The
sgiiip:hlwtic
Once
ii1:in lid can the piece ing
*just thrown of the
:Lside, with Iarsifi~l, juclgiiieiit
thought William cleligl1tful upon shops, the
11is brothers
as
of discour:I~Sc,iilc,iit, production writer suspended
of the Arncri-
if with spoke
physical liis
f10111
voice, at
a1r1011g
JIorris books foul
\viiitlow
TI:l1r1111crsr11itl1, looking the sordid md to streets, ask
:md its effect, until of :~ftcrnoon, and noted of first sllcll dress,
lie had first iis against,
z~nd lovely dcgr,zclcd should
tlw question audience. 1 picture

produced by
works
of art,
the iiiillion:~ircs
1llilgl~ifi~c~llW
chili-stecpetl lodgings. rich th and aid tlic
HC ~e111ed ng:Gn powrful hoJws

nntl to
gorcrnmnts poor of
the clcwription night, of

tllC>
ot *,n unqudctl tlic consciousness yt tlrc had f;rshiont tlliLt

of In
cliildrc~n of tlicso tlwir

\vllicll
folk the plcmures and

tlicir could wllicll
Xew that artistic broken

SO
York nc~ithcr
men ; ciiiploymcnt~ self-rwpcct

of tlicy
the spiritud tlic
sciisc~, nor music-tlr:mi:r mid

~VOrklll~~ll
wo11ltl foster praise

tl\vclliilgs
quality the tyxniiy after
s_vlllp:ltlly
of iiioncy
SOlitiLrv
clislieartcnctl \VOIYl, iLS if t0 niood,
plcasuw :d ~on:~blc sorrow the things it

IllOCkCr~,
. ,
siirrouiitlings
would labor out desired
soothe and rcain liis that if were
hc rcaclicd
tllc
tile
11eLVilltcr}~PCtilti0rl
grilc?.
elewtc rest. over
tl1ur1 : rc:~son:~ble JIc further prov:~iling
K':LSII iL Sil\.illg
cried conditions,
this n
new
li:Llf-tleE)rcssctl
Of
mid
and
lialf-inquirw-ciitto
in tllc
iiig, lie closc~l his workshop

conception
pin
poor
whicli
lit so :wtlently
l~liLgllifiCCYlCC!
i111po~Siblr, tlicbii civilization 71~ wortls of tlie two great ~$:LIC tlie flection, thoughts
(~r:~ftSini~~l iuiic~ll
was a clelusion, 11111~1,z11it:~ri:~1is

iiiatwid for
quarter IIis at the tinntion, hnrdenrtl
of his own city. was a strange Holicl:~y with

SCilSOll.
iLl~SOllltCl~ non-existent. reliis
quest hiiiisclf
to be 1111dwt,:1kcr1 Arrirctl at his dcssociologists in iui :~tiiiosphere
hc found wliat
while and
tlie surroiindings quickcnctl his
clnrified sympathies.
the Gcriwtii
413
THE
Consideration state of mind plain being
CRAFTSMAN
presence dient. of danger, so, here, the conditions in expethe solu-
allowed for the exalted both upon enthusiasts their side. truth
in which
themselves
made the mind fruitful
wrote, they yet had right It became that the magnificence lay in the fortitude rightly support education, try, downfall. Again, curred understood of
If an artist had indicated
to the seeker after
tion of the most difficult of modern problems, it was plain that the economists work it to a conclusion; sessed the practicality, method, the knowledge sary for the long before them. the recollections recently of sociology, young, of other writings, a French in dominant made by became earnest of Among student This senting the alone could precision of that they only posof the factors necesprocess
of the lower classes born of labor which is as a class by the old this
the basis of all value ; that the artisans were philosopher who made his ideal them the base and republic ; that, their real its rethis the
and complicated
being true, in their improvement, lay the prosperity in their or conversely
of the counperversion, Morris
the statement
the mind of the Craftsman. the words of William R remedy-in one--for classes. author, and reprehis nation, was, in the newest thought responsible for
to the mind of the Craftsman, his mind,
time offering of the laboring
had asserted a measure, condition; grown
that the workingman
sole and certain his most forceful
the regeneration As argued in one of it is through
the evils of his them when and had of his with
that he had accepted
discourses,
he was powerless existence. reference The
to do otherwise, statement
art that this happy The utterance vista; certain derstood catching like the description
state is to be established. of one who sees in dim the salient although by points of
to believe them to be a part was made to material surroundings,
is like that of a prophet; only
but why
could it not be extended From the wretched
so as to include the of the artisan at
the object
upon which his gaze is fixed, yet he be the it. As such, it was unthe Craftsman. of art to interpret living, as and and
concerns of the mind, as well as of the body? housing class, all too general as a natural ality, exist mental within in his own country whatever lack The of
of its existence, and accepted
only one to descry
the present time, the French writer deduced, consequence, dullness immorthrift Craftsand
He extended the meaning from
it as cleanliness and the beauty which springs it, as decent and healthful of work for the sake of producing well, as the fitting there remaining honestly
its boundaries.
man, as an American,
could go still farther. responsible which evils of that by himself and
self to sphere,
He could make the workingman produces among
content and hopeful. such a result if not, impossible of railway by house.
to some degree for the dissatisfaction us those economic known as labor must recognize of This
Yet the question of effecting seemed of doubtful, tion gines district, to the one walking and factories,
soluenthe But
intense gravity
troubles.
in this tenement
For the thoughtful largely of the hope effort.
dull with the grime
his own act the laborer has deprived consequently enthusiastic of the incentive
demoralized
advancement,
saloon and the cheap vaudeville as ideas of escape are generated

414
to intelligent,
by the mere
act, furthermore,
CHIPS is not one which through enlightenment and funct.ion, neglect of the actual ern origin, natural jectors. which dividing prentices classes, for is can be partially in a period excused of less wages are limited by law or regulation, not fail to lose his individuality, more or less to the type chine. have create Unless, in him the some something the as in rare of can
its commission
to approach exceptions, the desire and he to the
than our own.
It is no relic its purpose simple the workings It is of modin the its pro-
of the human mamediaeval
of a measure which has outlived of removal, to obstruct social system. ill-advised
and remains, through
craftsman, beautiful,
uncontrollable refined
accurate,
and certain,
he will, as his youth
leaves him,
course of events, to injure regulates the wage
grow to despise his own skill as non-productive and useless, at least in its finer manifestations. account His inventive quality, as valueless, of ownership also, he will The which he As since he does not exerover it.
It is that law of the trades unions of workingmen: and within these of price since it ideas of and unskilful. itself, them into the two classes of apand journeymen, establishing of the skilful condemns the against a uniformity
cise the right en or perfect he may
small devices which he may employ to lighthis work, the personality to the objects impart which unit.
the labor directly
Such a regulation equity.
higher
creates, stand unrecognized a result, he feels aggrieved
in the economic or indifferent. obtains at the who de-
It may be said that as the world so the world of of equaland and
world of which he is a productive His labor, if pursued perfunctorily, the month, bench,
of matter abhors a vacuum,
mind abhors the empty conception physical usefulness, men, which advantages,
ity ; that as one man differs from another in in the strength alertness which make for attractiveness in the mental and manual capacity should be recognized warded according As a consequence,
the same reward at the end of the week or as that of his neighbor or the machine, the forge,
so also there are various degrees of workand revalue. authori-
votes himself enthusiasm. it possible, millionaire prehends, crying money-king ural from unions tendency talent, volt, enemy
to his task with true artistHe becomes as sordid, and, were
he would be as merciless as the whose uses and virtues he misapand in whom he sees nothing but He differs from the typical nat-
to their productive when constituted
ties fail to observe these natural distinctions, they remove the greatest that is, hope-from whom they are spur to activity,of the with A dead every individual actually legislating effect.
faults.
only in his unit of value : he sees is unlimited as the in field and free tendency of labor so this
in small, while the range of his fancied obstructions. is toward a level of wages, enthusiasm quality
class whom they seek to benefit, but against injurious and destructive
Therefore,
lercl of wages is as dispiriting prospect, of the workman, to the physical eye of
to the mental In possiinto an
as a desert waste the traveler.
is, at the same time, toward a stagfor good work, : than reand individuality is but the process while stagna415
nation involving inventive a condition preparatory
either case, there are no half-hidden turning their element of danger
bilities which excite interest, a.nd the hope of element of success. The workingman whose
much more dangerous to a new state;
since fermentation
THE
tion
llcld
CRAFTSMAN
Such,
iLlld
and suspcndcd
of tlc:Ltll. and pxvc
activity
dilllgwS
i,s red
arc the forerunth!n

:mcl tlq wliicli 11is own
indeed, it must
the truth
would
sccni to be, just must ant1 not of peace

to t11e old
sllcll
be confessed heart. of the
by every
Kcal 1110der11 iiliaginw wholly t11c111. :d
tllretLtcl1 the
gmw do as not 11r lie
intcllcct The
aiitl generous education by society

:md
workl1lILntlwi11 in the to
workingiiian as a body, paths of
lx,--but fro111
he contluctcd by a govwniiig
illlfl
qunrtcr
11~ awnit,s in:ddng
class c . . , along of tlw dignity the must must
Ilicv.
are partlv
of
plc:lSiLlltIlCSS,
11111st lead
will
g;dlwr liinisclf
strength :Ln(l
liis
wit11 time.
fcllO\\-s
He which
to tllC
rccognitioii
pliLCC
labor. of
In our hope
1,lUSt. fC:Lr
N~UiLll~
of of
discontent, government This result
supporters be given
with he
Worlds
t,llc great
Wgilr(lS ilS
dlictl
Of
forcca
toilers.
of capital
SlElVCry
fdwic
illld
tlllCitt~lli,lg
tile inccntirc
to re~son:d~le
tLllt1 l~caltllflll place in
1nvri;dS
He
slwuld
cswtion. l)y raising hsitlc

tlic
he accomplisld
tllc
study, Iwrning
to his great great
ciiligliterimcnt, ltcwlution
the course
tlic ~\orksliop
sc1,001
to its olhtime
of the first of tyrants tllat doni t1wir

by
of tlw pwplc: of condition aid the nholfrecw&r fell
;1 1.v phcing
factory
f,Y)lll it, tl,c
lCSX011 tlliLt all cXCll:Lllgr
tllc fields by giving of which

of
wlicncrcr lw may him,
it is possible lvx~omc the ns

now,
to do this, house instead What
is no improvement of the king of tlic court tlic which

t,y-n1111y,
tlic workingman
a separate owner, naag and throng the to fret,
the execution for

O\Vll
islmicnt
did not coiditritc wlio

lm2ri
lcnring h
revolutionists
iL,lC l
sliordtl amid
his hours
of rest riotous
recreation, of a city Craftsgovcrninitiato iiio,ans with tile of pliil-
~~d~i~nc~d to frcnzicd
iiii:q$necl iiiorC1iic11t. rcns011ed duty tyranny of t11e t11e
the irrihting, and be more,
exwsscs
tllc It
could not lmvc

of tlic scCl11, t11at is tllcrcforC, t1rc to prccllt resist.
tc11c111cnt.
originators w0u1t1
All this
lllR11,
concli~clctl through
could Science
ant1 licrc
effected and in
its
(r:Lftslllnn, workinginan tllrCiLtC1lS
inent:tl tive.
rapidity trirllsit antlrropy. wliilo
provision
pliil:~ntliropic
appliCiLtiO11 of usuill, of
which
him of
ill a tlircr-fold capital, tciitlrncics csisting of thuglit of

SOCiid
asp(Tt cqu~lly
: tire
to Iw nnc 1 to
iiiiilti_Ilic;Ltioii concurs, ilS is is
:wrog:uiw drcdccl tlic

pernicious
tlic
despotism
of organizctl which, ahout ant1 hcnrt. again Iii the
hlwr,
owing Iiilli,
Tlie impetus
saiw towwtl
trliC
cducntors;
tlic
ciric
improrcment, proand of civilit
tlicb conditions within This Fr1IlCll lxwi thesis, reason toward sponsible 1ium:ui cation.
416
develop the
now so strong ccetls directly liumanity. Morris ization, movkcr_v man
throiighlt from The idcal
t,lic country, conccivecl to reality, fears,
his own hain train studrnt
the love of nature and
iwnlletl
by William is ncitlirr the (raftsof tlic lower

tllc Work
scicncc saint contracts
Wllo has luminous 1yi duties reman is cclii-
can tw brought contrary nor to liis a tlclrision.
wrlier
quoted.
lie ol~scrrcd that if t,lic idividii:~l, of his sole csistcncc, society, so tlw latter to tlic intlividual to liappiiicss, lnwrtl rcquiremcnt, is gravely crcry
:mtl tld
i\t the end of tlicw rc:Llizctl as it

ClilSSCS,
wflcctions, \~llCll tvxn
the m:~giiificciice
will sldl
:Lppc'tlr
; that
of
has tllc right
tllc first
rLgC,,Criltiol,
llarc
:wcomplislied, to honor
csccptccl,
and the Csion the ~liristmas
was brilliant
WitSOIl.
cnougli
F1Y!nc11s tllc (~llillit~
I)CiXth
Uld
tllc
Sculptor
piquant
; while
an&J-
of M:~mionniehs
A
find
,1IlClZI(AS
BY (marm
;\IASTI:.I~S 012 relative
Scr~I.PI.uILE,
ism is keenly tllc gcncral

work, (dins
apprrlrcntlod. rcatlcr
wllicll
i%S
Tlrc oquall~
gain
critic
for
and
it,self
H. C.W~IP;.
F:icts
and sculpf illlc,

\vc
will
cl13 0.y &Ir.

rcpU&-
criticisiri
to American ISrlt
should
tors ant1 tlleir work, until tllc prcwnt 11;~vc largely

:L
:L Ii~lllY~pCil~l tion. [Ken
WC11 RS an Aincric:m I)oubleda~, hgC%,
hen
wanting.
llO\V
York,
Page
234;
& size
solid,
v:~lu:Ll)Ic contribution Sun.
to
tile
(olnpan~. (i & s 8 ,k .
l~r:r.a11-ar :
Illi~strntcd.
Eriw, $S.OO.]
slll).jckct in the book of Mr. (&in, known critic of the New York It is most interesting tlirougli sc~llpture of ZS76. triltioll by
the witlcly
to folloW Blr. Chffin llistory of AmcricCan year
ITS (ITIICS.
volumes
These
two
COIll-
his
sliort
[)ilCt, :ittrxctive which have
arc
untlo~~ht~yll~ upon tile
prcviolls to tllc cpocll-making influcnccs
tlw hcst hooks of similar as pet tllcy sut)_jcct in English. as guides ; but practical mntcrial information convcnicnccs.
illltllOr,
scope and prpo~e arc to lx classed seek to give every-day aim, in the
the tourist
IIe coillmcnts wit11 skill and pcntllpon tilt 1t:hn brought in Rome types so morthy (cr;Lcchi and prolo~~gcd to their motherillsipitl of the Boston Auburn
heen written Thy do not regarding They to

supply
to this country
tlw Aincric;Ln
artist-colonists
;Llld F~OWIICC, ~110 scllt hck country familiar

11;try
tllc pscutlo-classic, to us in the statues
Words of tllc ciilhrc, stand,
wlw wishes to use liis trawl infornultioii as will emihlc to enjoy, painting,
us rz incans of him to undcrtlic arcliitect-
Atllcn:wuiri
and of the ~lount is just With

scldptOl-s
with siicli 1iistoric:~l and nntiquarisn and thrcforc
c11;1pe1. :ind npprccintire, only a few csOf tllc pK!Slt
AgiLiii, tlw critic

\v11cn
hc s:1?;s t,11at: all

0111
w-c, sculpture, has prcviouslv fail nicnt to

~IC:LSC
and minor arts of it is now :~nd tile in stnteIt, includes origin This indnstrial of the chapand wide rrsc:wcll
ccytions, generation
eitllcr
the towns lw visits.
The test of the books which can not
1lilVCwxpirctl
or in best is not clots
It
tllcir
PiWiS :
training,
Hun pu\~lislwd, hit alike tllc trikvclctl
wllolly in the tlwro
}XLlt,in
that is to
ciill~cllisl~cd wit11 illustr:~tions 11ntlxrc1ct1. tmtl a. critical Belgian Tlrc 1ogic:dly clraptcr towns, cllicf work upon
say,
srliool
in the
world.
. . . .
For
art
a tllought-wave ciiianate from
in inoticrn Or finnllp
is accurate the
thnt
not
nrrmgcd. slww up1
rcacli
PiLYiS.
is tllc worlds clearing-house monogr:~pl1s, tilrn t0

tllOSC
of artistic drvotcd
~1iltllriLll~ GILIIdCllS, to
ciirrciicy. wllich trcatillg arc all Wc

C0~ltCl~lpO~i~llCO~lS first
which stress facts,
L\ilio~~g the
nnd much power of judgment. tcr lilvs and i~iunicipl iml)rovcmclrt.

pn_J..
sculptors,
Silillt-
c wd dcscrws
I,. (.
to 1~ read for civic

& (TOIll-
JIiLClllO~llliCS
:Llltl FlTllCll. occiirs l)ctWccn

Slimnnn Anothr the
In tlic
\)y all supporters
of tlic niovcmcnt [ I30stOr1,

Ing?
first of the ly
hiss piece
skctclws
of
:L rcnlly masterSaint-Cr:L11and Dllcsquisite of
pilr~~ll~~l institutetl
StiltllC
111ustr:Lted.
Two Price,
r01111ncs ;
paps
denss
Gcncral
418 ; six -E:k\ s C,*?k.
$S.OO.]
~JO:LII of
Of criticislrl
Arc.
is
description
THE
MANN. This is a small, of doing inviting
CRAFTSMAN
volume As who THE ART OF THE PITTI AIXXSON. PALACE, This book BY is by
which is capable
much good.
JULIA YE WOLF one of a numerous recent advances
the author remarks in his preface, dressed to that large critics and specialists. ning the principles among structed expert Arthur desert. $1.60 us, and wish to be well-informed, without Ignorance should
it is adbecoming concernbe inand in the Price,
class made possible of the guide, like many purpose,
class of persons
in picture-making.
It is, which of
also, a modern example criticism. The book,
now to notes of information its class, fills a useful as an introduction nature, and Berenson. are those Pitti power among criticism excellent of Palace,
adds notes of others by awakenand serving of a higher Morelli of the
of Japanese the public
art is gross
to some degree, critics Dow
in order that such Fenollosa preach
ing an interest in art subjects to works
as La Farge, may no longer L. C. Page
such as those of Symonds, devoted knowledge clear to a description of architecture
[Boston, net.]
& Company.
The best pages of the book in which the writer expression. shows an and a research
Illustrated.
Pages 888 ; size 7x51,.
THE INDIANS OF THE PAINTED DESERT, BY GEORGE WHARTON JAMES. work of an enthusiast book makes appeal, primitive This is the The who would willingly
Throughout while the only
the book there is evidence of careful the great authorities;
die for his cause, if need there were. no special interest in the Far West races of America. ones thought in whom one transfers to the writer, temper nent; ordinary reverence. from
to be made, other than a doubt of of certain points of view, conproper L. Pages names & many of which are at C. Page 375 ; large
even to those who have and the it, the the the book In reading
the tenability
cerns the forms of the Italian and words employed, least l!ZO. THE hundred drawings, in the debatable. Price, $2.00 ART Company. [Boston, net.]
one recognizes explorer from
Illustrated.
of the typical a personality professional
of a conti-
so different
ALBUM This
OF THE INTERNAis a volume colored of one and plates,
or business man as to book serves a purof Ethnology. accurate For andac-
TIONAL STUDIO.
cause admiration
which rises to the point of
exquisitely during
Mr. Jamess Bureau
selected rather than collected from the last seven years Studio. The album of
pose which can not be filled by the reports of the Government history; sometimes they dull; these are addressed to students in science and are serious, while the James book
those published thus constitutes art limited invaluable or
International
a survey of the progress painter,
to the same period. to the young as a liber line, color
It will be illustrator, from inforThe
tually pictures
in the mind of the reader the It has the fascinaBrown & Comcloth.
decorator, upon
studiorum, and effect.
things which it describes. author. pany. [Boston, Fully net.] Little,
which he may gather bits of practical mation selections
tion of a romance and is the best work of its illustrated
of the plates have been made with In the fine arts, the impresare largely represented,
; decorated
much justice.
Price, $2.00 4lR
sionists, as is right,
but only by examples illustrations are of mechanical John Lane. Tue Ges~rs
of the best masters of and Monet. reproduced [New The by the decorative arts accuracy York,
just sense
issued
from
the Tomoy6
Press, and
San
the style, such as Raffaelli representing objects, beautiful
Francisco. rhymes English
The first is a collection in a peculiar style. It is illustrated
of nonfamiliar a per-
with drawfor memnet.
processes of surprising artistic Size 77/ effect. x ll+!!.]
ings in red and black, petual calendar, oranda. Drawing Price,
and contains $1.00
and of great
with blank pages postpaid, Plays for
Room
is a series of huamateur actors. oblong
OB J. M. W.
TURNER.
morous society an experienced
farces by Grace Lute Irwin, writer
special winter number of the Studio is composed of a selection paintings, English phases of accompanied interesting signature Sizeranne, drawings artist, by from the representative and engravings The genius. appears mystic, upon of the are most various over the RI. de la the and plates The
This vohune is issued in an attractive form with rubricated marth. The Price, $1.25. Cynics Calendar
designs, by A. F. Wilis a small book, perverted proverbs, and 76~.
Turner. criticisms
the artists of the French honorably
illust,rated in red and black, and containing a selection of purposely such as many naught net. [Paul hands want light work, Price, & Company,
of the papers
known
through Ruskin
is lost save honor. Elder Cal.]
world of art and literature, men especially, the religion of Turner, English sionism, mans unites Lorrain by his book: of beauty.
and to English-
Publishers,
San Francisco,
IN ROSE,
In his criticism artist offering logic. IIe
upon the Oil
Paintings accepts of the Impres-
CHILDHOOD LAND are two books for
and ROGER AND young children;
M. de la Sizeranne as the founder in proof asserts
the first being
written
in verse and the secThe illustrations Rose, deserving a boy It is
of his statement with all a Frenchthat his subject of all the with Claude of
ond in short prose pieces. by Miss Greenland picture, special The in Roger attention. First Birds, sitting and This upon
an argument
constructed
are very pleasing ; one faces the story of a stone wall.
in himself
the qualities
masters of his school, beginning A further of certain curately might attract,ion
and represents
and ending with Claude Monet. of this number mast,erpieces, himself Gallery. net.] in color so ac-
an d girl excellent of lights In Page,
as a group and darks. Childhood
and in its distribution Land, by Margaret Greenland. by KathGreenPub-
the Studio consists in reproductions of Turners believe made that in looking almost
at them, one to be in the [John Lane,
illustrated
by Katherine and Rose, [The
Price, $1 .OO. land. lishing Price,
Roger $1.00.
halls of the National New York.

THE
erine Beebe, illustrated Company,
by Katherine Saalfield
Price, $2.00
Chicago
and New York.]

by for 419
LIJIERICK UPTODATE BOOK, DRA~VPLAYS, and the CYNICS CALEXDAR are the titles of three small books W.
ING Roonf FOR 1904,
THE A B C
OF PHOTO-MICROGRAPHY,
11. Walmsley,
is a manual
designed
THE
tlic USC of beginners treats
lioiie
up1
CRAFTSMAN
it the American of water, missing wliicli htely thority
hills
in the in
art
answer
of which
to
tentlcncy prinlilry forth
is to w&e purl~osc
a volume effect and which xi alid&cc,
It was. written
neccl :~lnollg lk! arid works
all ilnwlloril esistctl
spoiling the
tlie tlecuratirc
~wratiw
stutlelits plw!llt,
for
of the
but cl:hoixtc1 t11c sul,jcd. lnetliotls
prcviousl~-
is to cool nntl rvfrc& callctl upon

iii
: a system
from
lll:Ll111:ll de-
tlrc remark
Ijut onlv
scribes
iii;lliil)ulations, wliich, trwtiscs, of tlie liahlc are
ttntl to be points
civic art :
WC liavc no founstc/trrc~s thd
treats
the
sni+ll
in
&tails success
;IlllCliCiL,
114~glcctctl
tLtl~iLllC4Xl
ICNli.
iwccssary [Tennaiit Price,
t,o tlic Pi Ward,
operator. Illustrt~tetl.
New lork.
The last
contains SlMlliSll
issue
of the of tile
Iac*wIc article
FV4!St
JIoswrr,v upon certain Misillusant1 Soutll-
$1 .R5.]
an illustr;~tcd Ctlllrcllcs Tlic pictures Tucson,
west .
slon, for
of tlic San S:L\-ier

AriZ0llil.
nc:w purposes
arc intcresting-
I
hart only
of coml~:irison structures
with
tlic
trations
1hT111bcr
of similar in the article
in (ulifornia Whirton nuu-
t11c
iiumhcr a
IlliLIlly
of
t11e
(krI.oOK of friend article b; the public of life, not, in-
found
hy Mr. (korp
tlwrc Riis,
occurs upon Tliese ttio
tribute in the
~Janlcs, wllich twr of The
is prilltecl
in tllc present
to friend,
contained Tlieodore two mcii, fret-lnnce different to 1:hr country,
Craftsmsn.
BI~:AI~TIFUI,
Jacob (itizcn. oflki:rl, coming
Rooscselt, the high of paths hut
To tllc HOIXE her, Oliw Jnpnesc pictures tc:lk\Vootl J:~pancsc, natural iinspoilcd polish h or hiity by of any lerciYa1 Prints. framcd slww
for 8. ppr that
Dcccmupon these of
ttle
contribute3 She ndvises iii narrow, r:d:d
and froni of our
joru~nnlism,
such own t.licir
flat bands as used rcspcct by for lcare
met tog&er
for tlic good, is of
CC&W, which, tllcir of wootl; varnish, kind.
of all coun-
the it
tries,-and tcnsc
companionship to the world.
siiirc
thy
significnncc
\\EST,
pigment
or artificial
OTT contains discussw
for fourth
ttw
1r1011t11 3ust
psscd,
ttic
article
of
a scrics from
by her is
Tlic among IXrncst
RI~~V~IX its criticisms tui (roshys Jesus
01.7 R15vIiws of the esteiitlecl discussion in llic ? lrwling notice
publish Deccmof Mr.
Grace Ellcry as regards trc:dmciit a timely

lv(11
~llanning,
in which and
the author Rome, l:dsc:~pe This intcrif pursud
Wllnt
WC can Icarn
articles,
tlic arcliitcrtur:~l of g:wclcns srd),jcct

tlliill
of tlic question Tliis

CriLftslll:~n
ant1 courts.
Was
origiiidly
a (raftsm:w pri~itccl
1lilS
paper. for is esis wllich
iii view of tlic prcscnt art : oiic wliicli, is iiidiwtd results. rcfcrcnce an
CSpllSi\-C
est in miinicipl farther trw will Id ticul:wly fountains,
,Vo\CnlIWr, not true so lately only of tcntlccl FVorkiiig
:Lw:~kcllc~d iiitorcst
by tllc author, This is prto tllc Ron~n stream

sllect ; while
gciwr:~l
in Anicrica, centers. upon
but, has IllC St1:dqwrcs Tolstoi
to esccllcnt, with in wliicli
to Europcaii llis iiionopxl~li into
Sill1142
wc sw a tiny
~~li~~scs, wllic11 (aunt Russi:Lii.
has
trctLtct1 2s to form
rcndcrctl
NOTES
Professor
sity son, tltc is plcieittg 1909-4, of (lticago, of courses itttplsc alrcadyv Itot East lccturcs twlro of (lt;wIcs offers, lwturcs civic actiw wlent. ixrt! and :uritngcd in 1llC groups of and %uchlin for of tltc the Tiniverseafurtltcr which points coining to
dwigttcd irttprorcmrttt, at
toward strongly and
rertnin
circular
tlic
and
C:LtillogllC
for
tlw
year
of
thirty-first of the section,

:
of its csis~cttcc. scltool wlticlt is cttihtlid in

Six
Ilic
id structure
Ilic &sign tltc following

t11c lmch11rc Tll(b 15, 1870,
trwt
: ;
~lctttcnts
we co~)y frottt
Al;l)
society
Work
md social
; life
wealtlt rcfornl
Anericsn
; ;
l-:ttglislt
11.) CL11 :LCt p:lSSd instructioli
pihlic da?; in
soitrccs iIntcric:m
progress
of Aittcric:m ttiitnicip:~lity
T,?giSliLttlrC,
tttiulc iii the
IllC
dliLW.iIlg arid
tllllttiCipill
Art
atid
; A tlccn&
scctioq let-
0l)lig:rtory
scl~o01s,
of civic Iteatls ture.
itrip-ovctwiit. is tlidcd into
Ed1
of the q11otetl a complete
rcquirctl fltm visiotts drawing
cities for
mid
towns inh:hit:mts insttwction owr
contairting to tttakt in years
tttorc pro-
interesting
ten tliousatttl free to pcrsoiis foittid the hi&s

Of
iLlld wcI1 section lrofcssor his position his brand atttltority giltller
constitiitcs front
industri:~l of age. satact, in of a
fifteen
Zitchlitt, as a tcwh 1iunt:tn in his own
his fiiic training, of sociology, stands and and its an of
It was soon isfttc~orilp for

was w.imt
itttpossihlc intcttded
tc:Lcllws.
to realize Ity this

A
sytttpatliies, field, from
co1npctCtlt
rcsol\c
he should
thercforc providing
KOlYlliLl
pllrpos
pswd for
;II+
is
by tltc I,cgislature the cstihlisltincnt train

iLlt. SCllOOl.
to tCiWllCrS
his :mdiciiccs
the twst minds
1873 Sht?
Its
the country. llrc (irculnr the streets, Im~clturc. it, was foutitlcd of the of the School IlliliLdClphii~, The in 1876, of Industriul Broad which the itriProusunl art in dgcis an intcrunder
and
sitpcrvisors it provides
atltl
of itttlitstri:~l
d\.iLtlCCd
To
in
this
frCPllitnd
cud
Art :md issues petus viding
of Pint
lctms~1vnnii~
Muscutn, institution bkposition. in the
courses dlX\Vitlg,
wt in,g
itlStlYltllCtltiLl iLIld their
pilltitlg to
,111(1 iridus-
tttodt~liiig,
try. Ihc
iIppliC:ltiOll
~ctttcnni:tl
at first, instruction it idtld, ant1 tcstile tlcpnrttttcnts cartling and itt 1884, design, of
irihtruction
Offcrcd
by
tltc sc1ioo1 conin drawing, and

iLlld
;
sltltJccts, CiWvitlg 1887, cotton its liitid,

ing ; still
C0tltscs in woodXtld, fitrthcr, mid
sists pinting &sip hip

twwlling and
of
fiw and iii the
clwtirc ronnd
coitrws:
composition
; tttodrling
i1TtS &sign ilpplid
chctttistry
; cottstritctiw
all< I
liLfC1., :dso, courses

spinttin,g.
it11
in Wool and uttiquc

pittrOIl:Lge
dCN~l:ltiVC of driL\Ving of is hv pupils distinct
in tltc
pithlic
scllools
It is, tlicrefor~~,
CiLrtlCSt StlldClltS.
institution
tllo
of
Of
tttctliods Tltc scllool prowti
supervision. ItloSt it> successful csistettcc~, positions in its work, of ait-
mtd one dcscrriiig
as its
is
long
1tt2inv of
fortrrcr atid
occupying ion.
iInOtlicr
ititcwstirig I~oltcttii~
hooklct Guild
is
one
recent-
tltority
ly issttccl hy tltc
of Chicago.
421
iHE
This society is a non-pecuniary of artists and craftsmen maintain in their own standard of excellence. The object of the Guild work
CRAFTSiMAN
tion is gained, restrictions. The Chicago Journal of December 5, in with no entailment of usual
corporation the highest
who are seeking to
is to secure for in the developsymthe intimate
its art department, notes upon Art Institute with pleasure manship
contains some interesting held by the of craftswith The critic notes compared
its members that assistance pathetic the same. Each taining ence. Instruction or craftsman work is chosen. Membership no restriction in this member bears his surroundings, of and
a recent exhibition of that city. seen, as that the specimens exhibitions,
ment of their work which comes from companionship workers
whose aims are proportionate and
there
those of previous
are smaller in shown from to Stickley are not and
number and more accurate the Craftsman the producers. cabinet-work In disturbed traceries, white-metal nothing ful. by
in workmanship.
share of the expenses conducting
of the Guild ; mainor workshop, independof of
His comments upon the objects Of the
his own studio,
shops arc most gratifying Gustav he says : ornament, lines, except
his work in absolute
is given in the workshops whose special department
these pieces the flat surfaces made of insertions combined
the Guild under the direction
of the artist
the slight limited is almost
of copper with There
tints of wood-marquetry. association imposes who may of associaon the individual,
to the ornament ; but it is so restful
and well chosen that every one will be grateOn the whole, this is one of the most exhibit,s, in the galleries. satisfying
form other connections
at his own pleasure.
By this means, every advantage
422
Like a Breath from ihe Cedar Hills an& a Gleam from the Hogan Fires
NavajoBlankets
They honle. add a touch Also cboire of the beautiful specimens of and curious to the
PUEBLO andIndian Rasketry,

xnd taste, personally
INDIAN
bought direct
POTTERY
by us with discrinlirmtion from the Indians.
Everything We Sell is Guaranteed Genuine and Bears Our Private Mark.

Interesting brochure, illus. trated, including: price list, mailed 011 receipt of two.cent stamp, replete with useful pert;Cning to inform:ltion Indian h;lndicraft. Address, Our Privnfe arl.
The Phonograph Is the best present. because of its Inexhaustible variety and its educational value. Edison Gold Moulded Records are immeasurably better than the Imitations or the old styles. Go to the nearest dealers and hear MT. Edisons latest Dealers everywhere sell Phonofmphs. im rovements. ,Art Calendar, 6 beeutiful carsis, ;Phe Phonograph lithographed in 12 colors. 8iz-z 1012 by 14% inches. no advertising in sight. Bent 011 receipt Of 25 Cent8 at New Pork otliee NATIONAL PHONOGRAPH CO., Orange. N. I. SAN FR*nCIsCO fx1c*00 NEW YTORK 833 Msrket St. 301 wallaatl *se. 83 Cbsmbers at. St. Georqen. EUROPE. .UWWERP. RP.LOIUM. 32 Rempan
INDIAN ARTS CO., 103 Aztec Ave., Gallup, N. M.
JAMES McCREERY
Upholstery Dept.
& CO,
Handsome draperies and fabrics for upholstery. The new weaves, unusual in design andyextreme= ly varied in color, allow ample scope for the exercise of individual taste. Quaint models of the Craftsman furniture are shown in almost every article of necessity or comfort ,-for Living Room, Dining Room, Hall and Library. Twenty-third Street New York City
CRAFTSMAN FURNITURE
In our wood-working shops, we make good honest furniture for all household purposes ; making each piece with a view to perfect adaptability to the end which it is intended to serve. Necessity zj. ow criterion of beauty, and all OUT desigm are made with strong structural qzcalities. We finish, without losing the natural grain of the wood, in soft, dull colors that possess a friendliness not found in common factory run pieces. c Information embodying complete furnishing of the home, given without cost, upon application.
The and Craftsman carries tag is attached to each piece of Furniture of good workmanship
with
it a guarantee
THE CRAFTSMAN WORKSHOPS, SYRACUSE, N. Y.
CRAFTSMAN. FABRICS
Our Craftsman canvas has an even thread both ways, and is so spun that when dyed, the color has a dull, uneven We have this canvas in a effect. variety of tones; for cushions, screens, window and door hangings, and wall Needlework on this is ziz coverings.
coarse floss or with applique of linen.
For runners, scarfs, bed covers and window hangings, we have a loosely woven linen in natural color, particularly suitable for cross-stitching in quaint designs. aWrite us what you want, and our experience in fabrics may help you.
The Craftsman tag will he found on all our work
THE CRAFTSMAN WORKSHOPS, SYRACUSE, N. Y.
THROUGH
CRAFTSMAN
.
MEMBERSHIP
IN THE
HOMEBUILDERS' CLUB
WITHOUT YEAR 1904
ANYONE CAN RECEIVE, ABSOLUTELY COST, AT ANY TIME DURING THE
Complete Plans and Specificattom for a house ~IX&I~ from$2,000 to $15,000, together wtth Colored Inter&x, Details and Models of Ornament, and projects for simple Landscape Gardening. The subjects to be treated are : The Detached City House, the Country and the Farm House, the A&ans House, the Forest Lodge and the Bungalow. A sample copy of The Craftsman with full explanation of the conditions of member&p in the Homebuilder&Club will be mailed upon receipt of two-cent stamp
GUSTAV
THE CRAFTSMAN
STICKLEY
BLDG., SYRACUSE, N. Y.
.\\ ,!
Grand
Winter
Cruises
JAM&A
BY
THE
United FruitCo.3Steamship Lines

JAMAICA. the most beautiful of the Carihhean Islands, is but five days from Boston and four from Philadelphia. Its winter climate The vegetation is of rare luxuis delightfully mild and agreeable. The scenery among the Blue Mowriance and gorgeous coloring. tains is,arand in the extreme. The hotels are exwllent, the roads pe;J;;tlon, and the sea bathing in wint,er a luxury unk.nowq else1. CAN YOU IMA(;INI: A MORE DELIGHT&1JL SPOT FOR A WIXTER SOJOLRN?
THE
UNITED
Steel, Twin-Screw,
FRUIT COMPANY'S
CT.S. Mail Steamships
Admiral Dewey Admiral Sampson
Admiral Schley Admiral Farragut
make weekly sailings between Boston, Philadelphia and !amaica. affording a pleasant coastwise passage through tropic was and genial temperatures. FARE, iwluding meals and stateroom accommodations. $40: round trip. $75. Send for illustrated booklpt fully dtwribina Jamaica. its Free on request. swnery! people and interesting inland tours. For mformatlon and booklets. address
Long Wharf BOSTON. MASS.
Pier 5, North Wharves PHILADELPHIA, PA.
11
RAYMOND g: WHITCOMB CO., THOMAS COOK & SON, Tow&-t Agents AND Lmmxia TICKET OFFIG INALL LARGECITIES
NEW YORK
::
LONDON
The Manhattan Press- Clipping-Bureau

ARTHUR CASSOT, Proprietor
Cor. 5th Avenue
and 14th Street, New
York, Knickerbocker
Building
Will supply you with all personal subject abroad.
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The Furniture of Our Forefathers

SINGLETON work is now

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Grand Canyon of Arizona

BEI ALLTHE WAY

MADEINTHE CRAFTSMAN WORKSHOP EASTWaD NEWYORK

art : a vivid there,

too, look at it as you a marvellous

oftcsrccl11~)011 tIlc% JlihhiolrS

for The James. confine article, limits

(r:lftlii;~tr Ilris lritiiwlf

l)v Mr. (;wrg~~

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1~~1rlx~s~~~l :Lt firht of tlic prcwllt Of the rapid to ostentl

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to tlrc sul)jcct Ile tlccitlctl tllc Missions

but, iu (wuwqut~nce to Mr. inclutlc

:111(1 'lr('SiLS. tluriug

vcrdurc, of of What flowrs, a thousand mpli_vrs, miidcr,

orange varieties tile then,

cJm~~~s 11:~s lxwl :Lstutlcrlt of these tlie piihliwtion

singing tlw skits. studichd,

111% will rcavisit, tll(slli iI1 or(ler gcncral from issue

of unique itself wcrc long and

Of rc:KleIX, it, will t rent: Style

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lay ant1 professional, Tile

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the RIotlt~nl (ivic :LIIC~ Ihmcs~ic

river, &out country tlic

iklltl. i\NY illltl

a n(w ing wllicli destiny well on

was heginning Enskrn shores unborn two

into tlrc imtking

wcm nintcri:tlly of the as yet to rvnicinlwr

t,o affect thcsc

tlici stage ll:Lvc~

played cant-and played. upon

part-left 1~s tlicir lwn

iitiportant iiiiI)r(w of every

Or insignifi\vllerc scliool tllc,T

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tioii rule, tllc tlic

9, Vcbrunry two of which being land was Two which

15, and lost

r~:wlic~tl their espcditions

wit11 tlic the quarters and

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started, WllO. altliougli

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