The Craftsman - 1910 - 08 - August

CRAI~ISMAN
ADVERIISING
1)EPARTMENT
TIFFANY& Co.
Visitors in New York are invited to visit the store with the same freedom as a museum Automobilists, Campers, Yachtsmen, Coun try-house dwellers, all who are distant from New York, are invited to employ the facilities of the Correspondence Department It reaches all parts of the world, and all communications receive prompt and intelligent attention Travelers in Europe are invited to visit the store in Paris, 25 Rue de la Paix and Place de 1Opera; and in London, 22 1Regent Street
Tiffany They Their 6 Co. have are only one store in America never sold by other dealers dealer, when is it
are strictly retailers products
used by any other The term Tiffany, misleading and unauthorized, excepting applies to Glass and Lamps
Tiffany Blue Book sent upon request
Fifth Avenue & 37th Street New York

Kindly mention The Craftsman ;
www.historicalworks.com
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
A Bathroom That WillGive A Life-time of Service
T is a matter of far-sighted policy to make every home investment count-not only as to comfort, sanitation and attractiveness, but in the enhancement of the buildings present monetary value and in the safeguarding of its future worth. Inferior bathro6m fixtures, with their rapid deterioration in dependability and service, always detract from a buildings worth. There is no such thing as permanency in equipmenf of this character. There is certainly little satisfaction. All bathroom fixtures bearing the *$tatidatd guarantee, because of their quality and dependability, add to a buildings value in far greater measure than their moderate cost indicates-and assure a .life-time of service.
All genuine $tandard fixtures for bathroom, kitchen and laundry are identified by the Green and Gold Label, with one exception. There are two classes of our Guaranteed Baths, the Green and Gold Label Bath, and the Red and Black Label Bath. The Green and Gold Label Bath is triple enameled. It is guaranteed foi fiveyears. The Red and It is Black Label Bath isdouble enameled. guaranteed for two years. If you would avoid dissatisfaction and expense, install a guaranteed fixture-either the Green and Gold Label Bath, or the Red and Black Label Bath, according to the price you wish to pay. Guard against substitutes trading on our name and reputation. They must have the tattdand guarantee label to be of our make. All fixtures purporting to be $ttida*d are spurious, unless they bear our guarantee label.
Send for yonr copy of our beautiful IICW book Modernl?ch-ooinr. It will prove of invahmble assistance in the planning of your batbreom. Many model rooms are illustrated, costing from $78 to $600. This valuable book is sent for 6~. postage.
Dept.
Offices and Showrooms New York : 35-37 W. 31 st Street Chicago: 4 I5 Ashland Block
39.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Baton: Hancock Building Louisville: 319-323 W. Main Street Cleveland: 648652Huron Road.S.E. London, E. C. : 59 Holborn Viaduct
Pittsbureh: 949 Penn Avenue St. Louis: 100-102 N. Fourth Street New Orleans: Cor. Bsmnne and%. Joseph Sts. Philadelphia: I128 Walnut Street Toronto, Can.: 59 Richmond St., E. Montr~sl, Can. 2 I5 Co&tine Building Houston,Tex: Preston and Smith Streets I
Kindly
mention
The Craftsman
ii
THECRAFTSMAN
VOLUME XVIII
AUGUST, 1910
NUMBER
Contents:
Vespers
From a Puintiq by Guri Melchers
Frontispiece and the Square Deal

By The Editor B.Sha~~ Roof 531 541 551
A New Political The

Relation Illustrated
Party Founded of Modern
on Conservation
515
American . .
Art to that of China and Japan

By Wilfred
522
Illmtrated
In the Market-Place An Adjusted Modem

Number Five Illustrated
at Quimper A Story
. . .
. . .
By Kczthurine
M&nlf
Vision:
. .
. .
By L~1wc1 S. Rabb
By Bczrry Ptzrkcr
Country
Homes
in England
To a Meadow The The Hermit,
Lark:
A Poem
. . . .
BJ~ Edward Wilbur- Mason
562 563
A Studyin Values
the Knight
and the Jester Drama

Players
. .
By waltw
;I. Dyer
Beauty of Outdoor
by the Coburn
570
As Presented Illustrated ane Addams: f &.&rated
People Who Interest

Sydney
Us
Porter (0.
.
Henry): Sir Horace Plunkett: Henry S. Graves * . . * .
574
.
Its Territory
Waste
Practical
Land in Long Island Made into Good Farms

Method Adopted by the Railroad Company to Develop
582 586
Among
the Craftsmen
Bungalow . * * at Very . . Workers . . * Moderate * Cost . .
Two Craftsman Designs . A Cement House and a Shingled Illustrated A California Ilhstrated The Charm Illustrated Bungalow that Might and Usefulness
Be Built in the East Camp . World
591
of a Mountain
The Value of Concrete Illustrated Craftsman Designs Illustrated
to the Modern
Building
By
.
Ii.
.
Mnrshtzll 596
. .
for Home
Cabinetmakers
and Metal
600
603
Als ik Kan
. By The Editor
What the Railroads Are Doing for Farming in the East: How Best to Help the Cause of Conservation
Reviews
606
Ilnsigned articles in THE CRAFTSMAN are the work of some member Staff, freqmntly the result of many editorial conferences All manurrint sent to THE CRAFTSMAN for consideration must be accompanied A stamped addressed envelope is the most satisfactory plan.
of the Editorial
by return postage.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY
25 Centa a Copy:
Cowright. 1910. by Gustav Stidrley
BY
GUSTAV
STICKLEY,
41 WENT 34~~
Entered
ST.,
City.
NEW YORK
$4.20 Foreign
as second-class maftcr
By the Year, $3.00
in United States; $3.50 in Canada;

June 6. 1906. at New York
...
111
CR~WTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
James
McCreery Draperies
&
co,
the Fall Season an unusually interesting collection of Imported Upholstery Fabrics is exhibited, including French and Italian Brocade, Velvet, Damask, Velour, and English Stuffs in Elizabethan and Jncohian periods. Besigns suitable for wall hangings, draperics, and furniture covers. Laces, Curtains, and Panels made to meet the requirements of any desired period.
FOG
Furniture
Fine Furniture of Mahogany, Walnut, and Oak, in various French period reproductions. Sheraton, Chippendale, William and Mary, and Colonial models in Suites for library, living room, bedroom, and dining-room. Craftsman Furniture sold exclusively by James McCreery c!&co.
23d Street New York
34th Street
DEVOE
WOOD
STAINS
FORM
in Water
two ounces. mill make
IN POWDER
Put up in attractive
Ready for Use after Dissolvfn~
screw top cans, containing
The contents of a can added a gallon of stain.
to a gallon of water,
All
Stains,
per
can
WOODS:
SO Cents Tavern Oak Light Oak Ebony
1N IMITATION
OF THE FOLLOWING
Fumed Oak Green Oak Flemish Oak
Weathered Oak English Oak Walriut Rosewood

SAMPLE CARD SENT
Brown Oak Antwerp Oak Mahogany Cherry

ON REQUEST Supplies-Art
Leather
Workers Tools-Separate and in Outfits. Outfits, Stencil Colors, Etc. Mathematical Everything in Artists
Stencil
Stencils,
Stencil
Instruments. Material
Fine Brushes
F.
W.
DEVOE
.d!4 C. T. RAYNOEDS
CO.
101 Fultoa Street, New York
176 Randolph Street, Ckica~o
Kindly
mention iv
The Craftsman
CRAFTSMAN
ANNOUNCEMENT!
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
Cbe ljeintz Jlrt metal Shop

Is non located in tk
For your
outing,
SILVERSMITHS
15 MAIDEN . LANE.
BUILDING
N. Y.
Strathmore
Mounted Papers
HEY do away with the bother of mounting and stretching papers, saving a lot of time when time is limited and most valuable. They are so rigidly mounted that there is no necessity of carrying along a drawing board or portfolio on which to work-thus, lightening the burden you have to carry on a long tramp through the woods, a pull up stream or down the lake. Either finish, smooth or medium,works beautifully under the brush in either clear wash or full color. Most dealers carry Strathmore Mounted Papers. If yours doesnt, write us and well tell you where to get them.
T
I
Things
Smokers Trays Framer JAMES
Not Sets
Found
Library Sets Candlesticks Electroliers
Elsewhere
Teco Pottery And Cordova Leather BARCLAY
FLINT
PAINTINGS
AMERICA:
ALSO
ARTISTS
Choice Examples Always on Vim
SMALL BRONZES and VOLKMAR POTTERY
WILLIAM
450 FIFTH _ AVE.,
MACBETH
NEW YORK ~ __-~.
L -1
IuMANS MANUAI OF ARTI STS COLORS

WHAT THB ARTIST SHOULD KNOW ABOUT TEE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF PIGMENTS AND MEDIUMS
Strathmore Quality Cover Papers

offer a wide variety of colors and textures for posters, mounts, folders? booklet covYour prmter will show ers, sketches, etc. yen sample books of these. MITTINEAGUE PAPER COMPANY
TRADE
MARK The Strathmoye Quality * Mills Mittineague, Mass., U. S. A.
SIGMUND
Park
ULLMAN
COMPANY
S. A.
Ave. and 146th
St., New York,U.
A limited number of this publication on hand for free diitrlbutkm Kindly mention The Craftsman
V
THE
CRAFTSMAN
DIRECTORY
HARDWARE .xiii .nvi .uxii
FOR BUYERS
PLUMBING & PLUMBING FIXTURES MottIronWorks.The J.L.. ......... Standard sanitary Mfg. CO. .......... xxi .ii
ART OBJECTS, SKETCHES, PAINTINGS, PRINTS, ETC. MdaCMh# WUUMI.................... udverslty prints .................... .V .xi
Belcher & Loomis Hardware Co ...... Casement Hardware Co ............ Sargent k Co ..................... HEATING APPARATUS
PUBLICATIONS .xxxiii .xxxiil .uviii .m American Magazine. ... .I .......... The Bookman. .................... Current Literatie .................... House & Garden .................. ScribneZs Magazine ................. .xvi .xil ix .xiii viii
ARTISTS AND CRAFTSMANS MATERIALS Devoe, F. W., & Reynolds, C. T., Co ..... iv ix Faber, Eberhard ...................... Frost Arts & Crafts Workshop. .... .u~iii xiii Hall.W.A.. ....................... .xxix Lawrence. A. C., Leather Co ........ .v Mitt&ague Paper Co ................ xi Naional Blue Ptint Co. ............... v Ullman, Sigmund, Co.. ................ ix Winsor & Newton. ...................
Covert, H. W., CO............... Jackson Ventilating Grate ......... Richardsan & Boy&on., .......... Winchester Heater ................. HOME FURNISHINGS Craftsman Net Curtams ............ Feltoid Casters It Tips.. ........... HeintsArtMetalShop.. .............. H&eery, Jas.,&Co ................ Richmond Sales Co ................ Richmond Suds-Maker ............. HORTICULTURAL Munson-Whltaker Co ............... HOTELS Grand Hotel. .......................
.Xlv .nix . iy .x4:. .XXIu
ROOFING MATERIALS Ruberoid
Roo6ng ..........
.Back Cover
RUGS, CARPETS, ETC. Burnham, Ralph W. (Hand Braided Rugs). ..................... .xuiii Saxony, C. (Hartford Saxony Rugs). .xviii Thread & Thrum Workshop. ....... .xxiv
BOOKS Bungalowcraft Co. ............... L.A.InvestmentCo.. ................ Newson. JohnHenry.. ............ UllmansMamlalofArtlstsColors Wilsods Bungalow Book ........... .uxii xi uxiii .... ..v miv .xv
SCHOOLS .xi Adelphi College ...................... .x American School of Home Economics .... x Art Academy of Cincinnati. .......... .x Hemi School of Art .................. .x National School Domestics Arts it Sciences ........................ .I 1. Y. School of Fine 6 Applied Arts. ... .x Pratt Institute ....................... .x School of Applied Art ................. .x School of Industrial Art of Pennsylvania Museum................ .x ....... x School of Museum 0fFineArts.. St.L.cuisSckoolofFlneArts.. ......... x Teachers College .................... .x Rock Ridge Hall .................... .xi
BUILDING
MATERIALS JEWELRY Eapositer. A. & S., Co ............... Frost Arts h Crafts Workshop. .... Lester,F.E.,Co .................. Tiffany&Co ....................... LIGHTING FIXTURES .ix .-iii Xuiii ..i
xxii Associated Tlls Manufachuers ....... Bay State Brick k Cement Coatlog. ... xxx .mi Cab&s St&w .................... .xxxiv Cmo-Dlpt Shingles. .......... Dexter Bras. Petrlfax Cement Coatiogzxli xxviii U.S. Mineral Wool Co ............
CEMENT AND CEMENT SUPPLIES xx AtlasPortlandCement Co.. .......... Bay State Brick & Cement Coating. ... xxx .mii Truss Metal Lath Co. .............
EnosCo..
........................
xxvii
LUMBER,
TIMBER .uviii ETC. ..xxv ii
Davis, Edw. L .. Lumber Co ....... CIGARS La Reclama Cuban Factory .......... xiii MANTELS, FIREPLACES, Voss Mantel Co ................. bmcELLAmous Bunham. xxxiii .uvi .XXXiV .nvi Ralph W. (Antiques) .... MOTORS Fairbanks Marine Motors ..........
SPECIAL OFFERS, PRIZES,
ETC.
DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, TURKS, FLOORS. ETC. Burllagton Venetian Blind Co. ..... Casement Hardware Co. ........... Id&or Hardwood Co ............ Morgan Co .......................
FIX-
.xxxlli
Secure Craftsman Articles. .......... .xv Send Us Three New Subscribers. ...... xvi ..XXXi V Special Offer .................. We Want New Subscribers ........ .-iv We Wlll Give Absolutely Free. ..... .xxiii
TQOLS .xxiv B&her 6 Loomis Hardware Co. ..... xiii Frost Art & Crafts Workshop ..... .x&ii Porter.W.H.,Mfg.Co ............. xxxiii
ENGRAVING ImperlalEngravingCo.. .............. xi
PAINTS, STAINS, DYES, VARNISH, COATINGS, ETC. Bay State Brick 6 Cement Coating. . .rxx .xrd Cabots Stalnr. .................. Dexter Bras. Petrifax Cement Coating. xxii Johnson. S. C., & Son ............... vii .xlx Batlord Lead Co.. ................ .xxv Pratt & Lambert ..................
WALL
COVERINGS,
STENCILS
FURNITURE Ydhery, Jar., k Co ................ Wll,Arthur,Jr.,&Co.. ........ .iv xxix
Devoe. F. W .. k Raynolds, C. T .. Co. ... iv Frantz Wall Paper Co. ............ .mi Tapeatrolea ....................... .xxvli H. B. Wiiglns Sons Co. (Kraft Ko-Na).ux
vi
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
Yes, You Can Refinish Any Piece of Furniture

We Will Send the Materials and Illustrated Book-FREE
We want to prove to you, at our expense, how simple-how easy it is to make an old piece of F/ furniture like new-what beautiful, lasting results you can get from Johnsons Materials. You will enjoy going through your home--dressing, coloring and polishing the worn chairs, woodwork, brie-a-brat-giving ._ a needed touch here and there-brightening everywhere. We will send a complete wood-finishing outfit, free-enough for an ample test-nough to restore and beautify some worn and discolored, but valued piece of fu%ture. Here is what we send; A bottle of Johnsons Electric Salvo to instantly remove the old finish. your shade from list below A bottle of Johnsons Wood Dye -choose -to beautifully color the wood. A package of Johnsons Prepared Wax to impart that beautiful handI It rubbed effect-protect the finish against heel-marks and scratches. will not catch or hold dirt or dust.
, .q :;;.: !:.L;,, bC \ .
I <& -
Johnsons Wood Dye

is not a mere stain-not simply a surface dressing. It is a real, deep-seated dye, that goes to the very heart of the woodand stays there-fixing a rich and permanent color. johnsons Wood Dye is made in 14 standard shades: No. 130 W~athmrd Oak ._. _-. --o--- --.No. 13 1 Brown Weathered Oak Vo. 123 Dark Oak No. 132 Green Weathered Oak No. 125 Mission Oak No. 12 1 Moss Green No. 140 Ma&la Oak No. 122 Forest Green No. 110 Bog Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany A;o. 172 Flemish Oak No. 129 Dark Mahogany ho. 178 Brown Flemish Oak Our book, IThe Proper Treatment of Floors, Woodwork and Furniture, Edition F-8, tells you how in every case, and will show you how to carry out other decorating ideas you may have in mind. Send for the free trial packages to-day. Let them dem- 1 onstrate what Johnsons Materials will do in your home. Use Eill it out now, while you think of it. Address the coupon. Racine,
I I
S. C. JOHNSON & SON

The Wood Finidning Authorities
of Johnam's \\'r,od,k,.. Slla~le No. . an4 sa,,,p,o of Jolmson'~ L'rc,,arer, \\'.ln.
-----......
r.. . .I,,-
Wisconsin
Address . . . I
Name......................
... . ..
..
. . . . . ..*................... . . . . . . . ..a.................
Kindly mention The Craftsman
vii
The BEST
SHORT
STORIES
of the year are in the
FICTION
(AUGUST)
NUMBER
SCRIBNER
Richard Harding Davis
able power and dramatic intensity--r1 contributes a story of remarkQuestion of L&Me.
E. W. H Or12W2g9
of villainy and heroism The Man a.t th,e Wheel. Stories by
creator of the famous Raffles, tells a story in which a chauffeur plays a leading part-
Alice Brown John R. Spears
Dorothy Canfield Gerald Chittenden
John Fox, Jr.,
Shepherd of Kingdom author of *bll~e Little a journey 0~ Horseback to Kingdom Come-a Come, describes region he had never before visited. It has all the charm and romantic color of his fiction.
A very nofable feature of this number will be
GEORGE
MEREDITHS
Unfinished Comedy. Rest TT~WVW.
The Sentimenta,lists-An
Maurice Hewletts
THEODORE ROOSEVELTS
CHARLES SCRIBNERS
25 cents a number.
account of the great LION HUNT by Natidi spearmen is one of the most vivid and dramatic episodes among his ;Ifrican experiences.
SONS
$3.00 a year;
Kindly
mention
VI11
The Craftsman . ..
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
The Prince of Pencils -
A CRAFTSMAn Made In Gradea 6B, cjc for Sampk
PE7XI.L
FROM
END To
ERD
3B. 2B. B, HB. F. H, 2H. 3H, 4H, SH, 6H. EBERHARD FABER, New Pork
WINSOR & NEWTON

What a GOOD BRUSH means:
The more you \vork \vith it t,he more you like it. YOU can do better \vork and it lasts longer than a poor one-20 times longer. We make only the l,est and they cost no more. So see that Wmsor t Newtons name is on YOUR BRUSHES.
ARTISTSOIL and WATER COLORS TEE W~\LlYSUSSS;NDARD Amber Varnish Linseed Oil
!&;t;cilVnrish ;,il Copal British Canvas Winton Canvas in Rough. Smooth and Roman Oil Sketching Paper and Boards Red and Brow Sable Brushes for Water an,1 Oil Painting Lyons llair Water Color Brush Extra Fine Hogs Hair Bnshes Handbwks on Fine Arts Spectrum Violet.
lkst
Artist Canvas
Special f~o;-tehfummer
4 Genuine
01, Vehicles Nos. 1 & 2

Poppy Oil Pale Drying Oil Strong DryinS Oil Spirits Turpentine Sl,ectrm Rrilliancy Winchester
Varnish
66
Assorted 1
d#
Stones 1:
. _
_
$1.00
2.00 5.00
3 NEW OIL COLORS SPECTRUM:

Red. Spectrum Yellow, ic their hirthrizht. .
25
These stones are especially selected for Crafts Jewelers purposes, and are fine quality. Dont delay, but send at once for our GEM Buyers Guide.
Aerograph Water Colors for Air Brush Work, Designing. etc. New Illustrated Sketch Book, 10x14. The Wimbwh Knee Clip Easel. Something new. Sex 1knl o&t,name is on all t/m goods.
A. & S. ESPOSITER CO.

4%& JOHN STREET-NEW YORK
Illustration Hoard, Waterproof Drawinn Ink, Pink and White Soft Rubber. Nonpareil Drawinq Pencil, all manufactured by 1%.& N. For Illustrators. Desjzners, Engravers and Lithographers, etc. Handbooks by 1nur1 30~. each.
Sho;\;e;;u . NEW
not be able to obtain our goods we will send them Send 3 cents for catalogue. Wholesale only.
rnd
YORK OFFICE SALESROOM :
298 Broadway
and
Already
Half
Million
People
Read
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
d
I
Washington University
Art Academv
of: Gincinnatl
i-r.
Fttlly Epuzp$f?ed to g,ic msir?rctiim L

hawing. Ceramic-Decoration. Pottev, Pdntin~s Applied Arts, Composition. Modelins. Illustration Anatomy Book Binding. Crafta
For full intormamn and free ,Ilustrated handbook. WPIY to
Endowed. Complete Training in Art. Scholarships. Drawing. Paintin , Modelin , Compo@don, Ana@mv. Wood &wing. &corative Design applied2b porcelain, e&mels, metals -._I, .. anu learner. Frank
L. H. Meakin
Duveneck and others
C.2 B;mF;y
. .
Beautifully
E. H. WUEl?Pl?L, Director located at Skinker Road and Lindell Boulevard. St. Louis. MO.
43rdyear-September 26.1910 to May 26.1911 Years tuition, $25.00 Cincinnsti.Ohio J. H. GEST. Director
TEACHERS
Columbia
COLLEGE
New York
University,
SEASON
1910 - 1911
Classes in Drawing, lninting and Composition under the instruction of Robert Henri and Homer Boss. For catalog and all information regarding the School address: HOMER BOSS, Director. Studio 603. 1947 Broadwav, N. Y.
offers 225 courses of instruction, including the Theory and Practice of Teaching Art, Principles of Design, Drawing, Painting and Illustration, Clay Modeling, Design in Construction and Decoration, the History and Appreciation of Art. JAMES
E. RUSSELL, Director,
LL.D.,
Dean
of Fine Ad
PRATT INSTITUTE ART SCHOOL

BROOKLYN,
Classes in A plied Design, Furniture 8 eslgn. Jewelry, Illustration. Composition, Painting. Two and three year courses in Normal Art
Arthur W. Dow. Boston,
Department
NEW
YORK
Interior Decoration, Textile a?d Silversmithing, Life Portralt. Modeling. Oil and Water CO~OI year courses in Architecttre. TWJ and Manual Training.
Mass.
35th Year bmiins Oct. 3rd
30 Studios: 35 Instructors; 24th Year
SCHOOL OF TtiE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS
WALTER
SCOTT
PERRY.
Director
SCHOOL of INDUSTRIAL ART

BROAD
special Decorative
OF THE PENNSYLVAN IA MUSEUM AND PIJfE STREETS, PHILADELPHIA Thorough work under trained specidisb in all branches of Fineand lndustrhl Art
provision Paintin for classes in Illustration. ASSMetal and Sculpture, Potte and Man 3 acturec.
IucbttiaI Design, &xtilt~Design
Wal;
SUMMER SESSION
CHESTER, MASS.
New Fine
York School of and Applied Art

WIRTER SESSION NEW YORK CITY
L. W. MILLER. PrimdpL -__-.__
tion,
4 SC~IOO~ where the Fine Arts and practical vocational Art mbects are given individual instruction. Painting. Drawing. Normal Training. Interior Decoration, Advertising. IllustraCrafts. Send for circvlar tn
Susan
--. _-
HOME-MAKING
Is a IO-page hand-book: its FREE. Home-study DOWKC&C Sciencscourses; Health. Food, House Planning, Management, etc. For home-makers, teachers, dietitians. matrons, etc. Bulletins: Free Hand Cooking on Scientific Principles, 48 pages, ill.. 1Oc.; Food Values-Practical Dietetics, 1oC.
F. Bissell. Semetery 2237 Broadway. New York
THE
NEW
PROFESSION
ADELPHI
ART
Irl~A~~mdSCJamsPla~e.Brooklyn.N.Y.
COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT
Am. kbwl
of llmos Economics, 564 W. 69th Sk+ Cbium
1.
Prd.
J. B. WRITTAKER,
Dkooter
Aational
BCHOOLOF APPLIED ART Wounded 1899)

I A ZXiFIno arty Bldg., Dattle Creek,Pich. ( Kindly
J mention
An exclusiw. stmldard xhool, apexx~lizmgonly in Domestic Arts and Science. mairltairling an attractive Dormltor~ and offering all advantages of the Natmnal Ca Ital. SW illustrated catalogue B Address Secretary, AW. ITormectlcut and M St., Washington, D. C.
School DOPESTIC ARTS and SCIENCES
The Craftsman X
CRAFTSMAN
ADVER TISING
DEPARTMENT
Grand Hotel
New York City
HOME A FAMOUS WITH A
THE UNIVERSITY PRINTS
Four series with Handbooks separate reproductions. cent each.
for the student. 2,0@3 80 cent8 for 100 O~OIIO
On Broadway, at 31st Street
1 Block from Pennsylvania R. R. Terminal

Personal Baggage to and from Pennsylvania Station Free We Will Save You Money on
A house made famous through its splendid service and personal attention to patrons-the Grand counts its friends by the thousands. Army and Navy people stop here, as do all experienced travelers, for more excellent living facilities, quiet elegance and sensible prices are hardly obtainable elsewhere. As for transportation facilities, SewYorks subways, elevated and surface cars are all practically at the door. Theatres and shopping districts also immediately at hand. Splendid Moorish dining rooms are but one of the many famous features of the New Annex.
Dfall kinds. Write, and let us quote you prices. We also make a specialty of Blue Prints.
Artists Materials
Blue Print Co.
National
DOLad 17th Street
New York city
INCORPORATED
ILLUSTRATING RETOUCHING
DESIGNING
HALF TONE & LINE PLATES COLOR PLATES
The illustrations in Craftsman are a sample of our work
32 Union Square
i,$&WM& JVST OVT! 128 PAGES
New York
Ch!k~
Absolutely Fireproof
Rates: $1.50
President
Per Day,
and General
Upwards
GEORGE
F. HURLBERT
Manager
q Practical Bungalows a of Southern California

278 Illustrntionr 125 Plan Plates 150 Photographs
100
h
0; g
$6
Also THE GREENHURST on LAKE CHAUTAUQUA

Jamestown, N. Y.
Bungalows
Open
May 1st to November

Large
tst
Accurate Descriptions. Reliable cost prices stated. Every housebuilt by us from one to 15 times. We have built over 1600 houses and WE KNOW. Two color cover. Size 8x11 inches. Full of information ior the h:~$%&TSS, POSTPAID
rC
Fifty
Automobile
Stalls
hide to New York (wltb Maps) and SpecfaI Rate Card-sent upon request.
fb 335 8. HillStreet, Los Angeles, Cal. Laryt ative Building Co. m the Wor d
I,. A. INVESTMENT
CO.
(Dept.
D)
Co-oper-
Kindly
mention xi
The Craftsman
CRA4FTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
The Craftsmanshipof Writing

is NOT the title of a book but of a series of articles to appear in THE BOOKMAN. These articles will begin with the August number and will run for six months. They will be contributed by Dr. Frederic Taper Cooper, and will aim, in the first instance, to be practical and to avoid any tendency toward acadenuc formalism. The subjects to be covered in the six proposed articles are as follows: I. THE INBORN TALENT. (August)
Writing. like other arts. demands an inborn talent--you may develop this talent by training a young writer in syntax nod rhetoric. technique and style, but you can no more teach him the creative faculty than a sinzing trnrher can create a voice.
II. SELF-CRITICISM.
(September)
A writer can teach himself vastly more than any one else can teach him-his most important lesson. first, last and all the time. is that of self-criticism-he should learn to read intelligently the works of recognized masters and try to understand not merely how they have done things, but also why--he should apply thrir rules to his own work. and if he breaks their rules it ic his duty to have :* good reason for cloing SO -independence is a ~oo~l thing to cultivate ii it is intelligent independence.
III. THE AUTHORS PURPOSE.
(October)
If a writer has ideas to convey, the first thing for him to learn is to convey them clearly~-the first principle oi sounrl criticism is that we should judge a writer according to his purpose: but we cannot do this if hc has failed to make that purpose clrar-clearness without style is more important than style without clearness.
IV. THE TECHNIQUE OF FORM.
(November)
It is not enough ior a young author to have ideas and express them clearly-he must learn which Many an author hu of the various artistic forms is best adapted to be his medium of expression. wasted valuable months on a bad novel when he could have used the same ideas in good short stories -many a short story has spoiled an idea that might have made a go011 four-act play-but whatever form a young writer uses. it is his first duty to master the technique of it, to learn how the best authors have used that form in the past and how the modem generation is modifying it to-day.
V. THE GOSPEL OF INFINITE PAINS.
(December)
matter of iqGr.+ion. that good work 1s pattence and or fourth draft of a page are not satisfied with the It has cost.
Themost fatal mistake that a young writermakesisin thinking that writing is a a masterpiece can spring perfected from the human brain-the great secret of hard labor-there can be no rule for w-writing. there is no magic in a third or paragraph, but fifty times is not too many to re-write a sentence, if you forty-ninth-the best art in writing is the art which conceals the labour that
VI. THE QUESTION OF STYLE.
(January)
Like the polish of fine old mahogany. a faultless style is the first thing that strikes the eye and the last thing to be acquire&--style may be analysed. lectured upon, reduced to rules and yet It cannot If you have an ear for rhythm, you may learn the meaning of be imparted, it must be self-taught. style by reading the recognized masters, but even an ear for rhythm will not necessarily enable you to catch the trick of it. Your ear will simply make you conscious of how far you have fallen short of your mod&-the best style in writing, like the best usage in manners and in dress, is that which is most appropriate to the occasion.
We offer to send you those six numbers at the special price of $1.00
Surely you will want to read this valuable series, which will appear only in THE BOOKMAN, Americas one Literary Magazine. Fill out the enclosed blank and mail it to us with a Dollar bill and you will receive the six numbers containing The Craftsmanship of Writing.
Your5
very truly,
DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, Publishersof THE BOOKMAN

SPECIAL OFFER FOR SIX MONTHS SUBSCRIPTION TO THE BOOKMAN
Dodd. Xcad & Company. Publishers of THB BOOKb1AN. 443 Fourth Avenue, New York. . G&NTLBMEN: Enclosed please find $1.00 for which you \vi!l snl,l Craftsmanrhi{l of Wrltinp. contiining Dr. Coopers articles on The Name........................... 1 Address.. .._., ,._._.......... Messrs. :nc the six numbers of THE 11OOKMAN
..____..
_..
,,,._..
REGULAR
PRICE,
$2.50
A YEAR
25 CENTS A COPY
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xii
CRAFTSMAN
,4DVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
IT COSTS NO MORE TO SMOKE GOOD CIGARS

IT'SSIMPLYAMATTEROPBUYH'fGFRON THE MAKER BEFORE THEJOBBER AND DEALER HAVE ADDED THEIR PROFIT AND SELLING EXPENSE
lhe price of a cigar ovcr the retail-store countcr averages nearly double the factory price. We sell our entire product directly to the smoker at real factory prices. To-day over 68,000 business and professional men buy all of their cigars from us. Many desire to reduce their cigar bills, but the majority of I these satisfied customers prefer to pay the same amount and obtain a better-very much better -grade of tobacco, workmanship and uniformity. The secret of having retained their patronage is that before deciding to keep our cigars you always have the privilege of trying five or six from each box cntirely at our expense. Every box is a sample box, therefore we are always on our mettle to keep up the standard of quality and uniformity. Take our Magneto and point for point you will find it infinitely better than the best cigar sold in a retail store for Ioc. It is a mild, delicious, fragrant and satisfymg perfecto, made by hand, with a genuine, imported Su. . matra wrapper, arm long, nutty, rich Havana filler. Its the kind of a cigar that makes vou never want to be without m&e of the same blend.
Low cost Suburban Homes

llnn5, illustrations and descriptions of nearly 100 houses which have brcn built at costs ranging from $1000 to SlO,OOO. In most cases the cost is given. Many of the houses have heen built as suburhnn resldencrs-othrrs as small country homes oras bungalons or mountain camps. Nousec of brick. stow. frame. shingle, remcnt and stucco are :ncluded. All are <ltstinctive and full of suggestion intcrrsted 111 burlding beautiful but low ;lny\vherr. 62 pages. beautifully illustrated coated paper with art paper cover. and for anyone cost homes printed on
Price 25 cents. postpaid.
MCBRIDE, WINSTON & CO. 449 Fourth Avenue New York
Jvo odihulcc
payment
~ Copper Work Tools
Kindly
mention xiii
The Craftsomxt
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING-
DEPARTMENT
Craftsman Window Curtains That Harmonize With Any Decorative Scheme W

E all know that one of the most important details in the furnishing of a room is the treatment of the windows, for upon this depends the entire color atmosphere of the room, and if it is wrong the best scheme of decoration is felt to be inharmonious and unsatisfying. We feel that we have found a very satisfactorv fabric for thin curtains in Craftsman square mesh net, which is firm in weave, very soft and flexible and so strong that it wears and washes admirably. Also the question of the right sort of ornamentation for such although it seems simple enough, curtains, proved quite a problem until we hit upon a form of decoration that required the light through it to show to the best advantage, and that relieved the plainness of the fabric without being in any way obtrusive. We carry it only in the natural linen color, and when we make the curtains ourselves the sole ornamentation we use is some simple geometrical design, darned through the meshes of the net with white or natural-colored linen floss which, against the light, shows more as a silvery glimmer than as a solid line, and suggests the design instead of clearly defining it. The prices for net curtains showing the same design down the sides and acrossthe bottom are : 2 :$ yards long.. . . . . . . . . . . . . $10.00 a pair .-............ 2 9.QO N aa 1p; < . ..*.......... 7.75 I n
SmOWING
UP
A SIMPLE SIDE
BOMBR
Tm0
The prices for net curtains showing broad design across the bottom and narrow border up the side are : 2 % yards long. . . . . . . .-.a:* $8.50 II pair I < . . ..I...... 2 7.75 IL 1% .... . . . . . _ 6.75 Doubtless, though, there are -many-.?ylio will wish to make their own curtains.and to these we will be glad to send any quani tity of net they may desire, together with ,.. floss sufficient for working and a pattern showing whatever design may be selected. The net itself is 42 inches wide and costs Linen floss in all colors 70 cents a yard. costs 5 cents a skein. Send for our booklet, Some Chzps From The Craftsman
AN IN
INTRICATE DARNED
PATTERN WORK
Workshops.
470 Boylston st.
GUSTAV
STICKLEY
29 W. 34th St.
The
Kindly
C t a f t.23 m a n
mention The C,raftsman
NEWYORK
xiv
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
You Can Secure Free

a great many Craftsman CRAFTSMAN. Catalogue ferent giving articles On articles September make by securing new subscribers to THE publish of more a Premium than 40 difall or one FREE, 1st we will which illustrations prepaid, and description to persons CRAFTSJIAN. of Craftsman charges we will send transportation who will secure
more ftezo subscribers to THE
CRAFTSMAN MATCH HOLDER Brass or Copper. Given Absolutely Free for One New Subscriber to THE CRAFTSMAN.
CRAFTSMAN CANDLESTICK Brass or Copper. Given Absolutely Free for One I&W Subscriber to THE CRAFTSMAN.
Be sure and secure a copy of this Premium very little effort on your part you can secure many things that will help ornament interesting of premiums your friends in THE give you their subscriptions
Catalogue,
and by a Start to
Absohtely
Free a great
and beautify CRAFTSMAN
your home.
and get them
at once, and you can make your selection
when the catalogue
is ready. Information
Write for Further
EDGAR E. PHILLIPS-THE CRAFTSMAN

41 West 34th Street, New York
Kindly mention The Craftsman xv
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
We Will Give You

~N!?L~$!! .- , for 2 5 0. words
$250.00
describing The
Get the American Magazine. August issue and find out about it. At any news-stand.
The August American Magazine is the great summer short story number-the biggest 15 cents worth you can find.
ADDRESS: THE AMERICAN MAGAZINE. 31 EAST 17th ST.. NEW YORK CITY
Send Us Three New Subscribers

To THE CRAETSMAN; and we will. send you tbis Beautiful Craftsman Pillow Cover ABSOLUTELY FREE
More than 40 other Premiums to make your selection from.
Ornament your home with Craftsman Premiums which you can secure
absolutely f ree.
It will be easy for you to get some subscribers
EDGAR E. PHILLIPS--THE CRAFTSMAN

41
West 34th Street, New York

xvi
..
Co@yright
by the D&roil
Publtihisg
Co.:
See Page
$22.
%ESPRRS ING BY
: FROM CAR1
A PAINS MELCHBRS.
THE CRAFTSMAN
GUSTAV VOLUME STICKLEY. EDITOR AND PUBLISHER XVIII AUGUST. 1910 NUMBER 5
A NEW POLITICAL PARTY FOUNDED ON CONSERVATION AND THE SQUARE DEAL: BY THE EDITOR
HE birth in the near future of a new political party, formed by the blending of the progressive elements that have attained such prominence in both the old ones, is now almost a certainty. The majority of the people regard it as the next step in the reform movement; the old-time politicians, even while they affect to sneer at it as impossible, are afraid of it, and show that fear by wavering uncertainly between the policy which yields sufficiently to public opinion to pass some of the progressive legislation that is most urgently demanded, and the other extreme of uncompromising hostility to everything and everybody which threatens the supremacy of the old order. In spite of the political clamor, there is no dodging the fact that the American people, irrespective of party affiliations, are even now arrayed in two great factions, one of which stands doggedly by the old-time political methods and or anizations, hoping that the storm will blow over as other storms fl ave done, while the other is battling for honest government under the direct control of the eople, and for the conservation of those natural resources upon whit E the wealth of the nation depends. The controversy over the probability of Theodore Roosevelts candidacy in nineteen hundred and twelve, which has raged for the past year, promises to increase within the next few months to such a degree that it must bring about a speedy decision as to whether or not a new organization shall be created for the purpose of supportin him and carrying into effect the reforms which he set oing during %is former term as President. Indeed, the question of P is nomination presupposes the formation of such a party. It has often been said that, were he again to become a candidate, he could make the fight equally well with either the Republican or the Democratic party behind him. This is only artly true, for, were he nominated by either party, the contest woul B split both to the foundation; for it oes without sayin that the progressives, whether Republican or % emocratic, woul % flock to his standard, while the professional politicians and the rep515
A NEW POLITICAL
PARTY
resentatives of rivileged interests in both parties would fight his election with a 1 esperation of men fighting for their lives. The commotion created by Mr. Gifford Pinchots speech before the Roosevelt Club at St. Paul shows how much the politicians dread this issue, just as the strong Roosevelt sentiment throughout the whole count shows how ready the people are to meet it when it comes. Mr.?&inchots speech was the most direct and forcible utterance upon this subject that we have had yet, for although he said nothing about the formation of a new party and did not even hint at the possibility of Mr. Roosevelt being again a candidate for the Prewdency, he stated plainly and vigorously the olitical creed of the Conservationists in such a way as to brin it Birectly before the eople as the paramount issue of the day. Tte speech was notable Eecause it contained a clear statement of the princi les upon which a new rogressive party would inevitably be forme %,-principles for which tfl e people have been fighting during the past ten years. More than that, it was a summons to battle; the trum et blast so long dreaded by those whose dreams have been haunted by t%e shadow of Theodore Roosevelt. Coming as it did so soon after Mr. Pinchots conference with Mr. Roosevelt in Europe, and immediately precedin the return of the latter to this country, its si nificance was unmistaka%le. People and politicians alike had no di B culty in reading between the lines, and it now remains to be seen whether or not the people are sufficiently in earnest in their support of the reform movement typ%ed by the fight for conservation, to take action. The keenness with which they have watched the battle that has raged in Con ress during the whole of President Tafts administration shows Pow thoroughly public opinion is aroused and, although Congress has yielded sufficiently to put through the reater part of President Tafts legislative programme, it has been f one in such a way as to prove that every concession wrung from the political leaders was yielded only throu h the fear that a worse thin might happen if it were refused. T%e whole session has been an o% ject lesson upon the difficulty of enactin reform measures in the face of every obstacle known to politica5 jugglery, and even though the progressive element has won the victory with regard to a few specified issues, the situation remains practically the same so far as the domination of legislation by the reat business interests is concerned. Tryin to put new wine into oP d bottles is a tedious and thankless job, an f the ex erience of the past eight or ten years has brou ht home to the peop e the realization that if we are to have what %f r. Pinchot calls government by men for human welfare and human progress, we ~111have to go about it in a more direct way.
516
A NEW POLITICAL
PARTY
E ALL know that the familiar political issues which have formed party slogans during campaign after campaign are worn so threadbare that it is dif5cult .to get up a sufficiently convincing platform to carry either party to victory. In the last campaign the difference between Republicans and Democrats lay, not in the issues brou ht forward, but in the interpretation given to what was practicalfiy the same platform. For example, both pa&es were in favor of controlling and restricting the trusts ; both parties wanted the tariff revised and the transportation systems of the country brought under public control; both arties were in favor of guaranteeing bank depositors against loss, the fl epublicans pledging themselves to establish postal savings banks, while the Democrats favored a bank guarantee law for all banks; both parties favored the restriction of capitalization in public utilities corporations, and both candidates for the Presidency declared themselves in favor of the income tax, the inheritance tax and the enactment of a law which would make the physical valuation of railroads a art of the cost of service u on which rates should be estimated by tHe railroad commissions. f; 0th platforms sounded well, and both seemed fully to express the will of the people as to the reform legislation needed in the immediate future. The Republican party won its victory upon a reform basis, and then came the usual difficulty when Congress was asked to enact its pledges into laws. It is true that the pressure of ublic opinion has forced throu h the greater part of the rogramme, Eut at an immense cost of de s ay, fraction and politica f chicanery. Mr. Pinchot put the truth of the matter into a few words when he said: Political platforms are not sincere statements of what the leaders of a party really believe, but are forms of words which those leaders think they can get others to believe they believe. The realities of the regular political game lie at present far beneath the surface, We are approaching an era when the issues upon which a Presidential campaign is based will be entirely different. In fact, we have no more issues, save that of honest government upon a fair and sound business basis,-a government representing the interests of all the people and carried on for the benefit of the whole. The demand for this is nation-wide, and it is the outgrowth of an awakened moral sense as irresistible as that which swept away slavery and prevented the disruption of the Republic. The minor questions that we have been accustomed to consider political issues are but details in this great movement, but until a change is effected in our political methods both parties will still use them as catchwords to delude the voter during the campaign, and will legislate or obstruct legislation at their own pleasure and for their own profit after election. 517
A NEW POLITICAL
PARTY
F A new party is to be formed it must represent the whole people, and the only issues u n which it can be formed are conservation p and the square dea , with all that these terms have come to imply. And for such a party the natural leader is Theodore Roosevelt, who, more than any other man alive today, holds the affections of the American people in a firm and lasting grip. He came to the front at the moment when a stron man was needed to crystallize into action the tremendous moral c% ange that is sweeping over the nation, and he had the power to dramatize in his own picturesque ersonality the growing righteousness of public sentiment, and to P ecus into a national policy the scattered efforts of individuals and small or anizations who were seeking to express the general unrest. He stanf s before the nation as the man who does things, and the hold he has is made even stronger by the fact that the famous policies of his former administration were, after all, only the policies of the people, which he ut into form and, so far as he could, carried into effect. Hampere B as he was by the political machine which controlled legislation, the ower of ublic opinion behind him was sufficient to o more tKan any President has done since Lincoln. enable him to 5) Were he out of the uestion, the record made during his administration by Mr. Gifford 3 inchot, and also by the Hon. James R. Garfield, is sufficient in the eyes of the people to give to either of them the leadership of a party pledged to conservation and to honest government. But so Ion as Theodore Roosevelt is in the political arena, public opinion wlb regard both these able and disinterested men as his lieutenants rather than his successors. The people know Mr. Roosevelt through and through, and they want him to gather his tried supporters around him as he did before and to continue the work which was so well begun. They want this so much that they are in a temper to break over all party lines in order to make him President, and to back him with a new arty that stands for political honesty and straightforward action. 4 hat the politicians and the Wall Street interests regard this as a very present menace is shown by their frenzied assertions that insurgency is waning, that public sentiment regarding any particular uestion lasts only until it finds a new toy to play with, and that b4r. Roosevelt is coming back to meet his Waterloo. Yet for all their uneasiness, they cannot comprehend the new line of cleavage that has been drawn directly across the old party lines, so that the one vital issue now before the nation is: shall the oliticians who are out for the spoils remain in power, or shall we cfeclare in favor of the men who are tryin to give us a s uare deal and to conserve the wealth of the country ! or the benefit o9 all the people ?
518
A NEW
POLITICAL
PARTY
IJB loss of faith in Congress, because of the domination of the special interests over politics, is one of the roofs of the moral !I e past few years. awakenin which has come to us durin t It is dif&ult to f efine this change or to trace it f?ack to any one cause or set of causes. Perhaps Mr. William Allen White comes closest to explaining it when he says: *Morals have not changed, but Ii ht is turning upon certain shady transactions, and democracy un 8 erstands them. It is applying to them not so much a quickened, as an enlightened, conscience. It IS not so much a moral awakening that we have had, as a moral enlightenment. The era of exploitation is past; the era of conservation is be nning. The men who seek election to public offices on the strength oF promises which are speedily forgotten under the urge of self-interest, are but the product of our former national ideals. That these have than ed utterly within the past decade does not mean that they were aP together bad, only that they have outlived their usefulness to the people. Without a riod of exploitation this country could hardly have attained to the r evelo ment of which we are so proud. Strong men were needed to do t fl e work, and they in turn needed strong incentives to make it worth while. Self-interest is the strongest incentive known, and in makin the gigantic efforts necessary to develop this big raw country we exa ? ted it to such a degree that success became our national idol. We preached it from our pulpits; we taught it in our schools. So long as a man achieved great success we gave him all the credit and did not inquire too closely as to how he did it. If he seized and a pro riated to his own use the natural resources which belonged to tl?e w Bole eople, he also developed them; if he openly bought for a son francg ises which gave him control over immensely profitable pubKic utilities, the town or city profited also by the enterprise. The resources seemed inexhaustible; the franchises were chiefly valuable to the man who wanted them, and we freely gave all sorts of privileges without much regard to the consequences. Thus capital gained control over all our affairs, even to legislation, because capital represented the sum of American ambition. But the temper of the peo le has changed. Exploitation has reached its limit, and has come P ace to face wrth the newly awakened national honesty. The eople demand a square deal because they are ready to give it, an B they are willing to sacri&e something of their own immediate interests to insure the future welfare of the nation. They demand honesty in public men, because they have a keener ap reciation of what honesty means. They value business ability as Iiighly as ever, but they are also growing to value fair lay and to demand the application of square and open business met l!oda
A NEW
POLITICAL
PARTY
to the administration of all government, whether municipal, state They have had enough of wasting the wealth of the or national. nation that a few men might amass colossal fortunes, and the demand now is to have this national wealth conserved, developed and administered for the good of the pea le. We have already had a foretaste of how this may be done m t R e huge reclamation roects that are makin the arid lands of the Western deserts ava$3 ab e for settlers at the Fowest possible cost. It has been a sample of the way in which the Government can, if it chooses, carry on big business enterprises for the benefit of the public. We want more lands thrown open; we want our swamps drained and our watersheds protected; we want to develop and control our own mineral and coal lands, and to preserve our forests for the use of future generations by wise cutting and judicious reboisement. Enterprises like these, in the very nature of things, can be carried on more effectively and more economically by an honest government than by any private organization working for its own profit, for the huge sums of money necessary for development on such a scale are available to the Government at the lowest possible interest, and the result of the work is given to the people at actual cost. In other words, the Government takes and wrsely uses the peoples money, and hands back to them, in a shape that makes it available for use, the property for which they have aid. The same principle carried throu h all departments of pu!I lit affairs means simply the square deaf , and that is all the issue needed to form a party strong enough to carry out every reform.
record of the past few years roves how little is needed to crystallize public sentiment into tKe formation of such a party. We hardly realize how, by one means or another, the eople have been steadily ti htening their grip upon both state an 2 municipal government, an f steadily increasing the scope of direct representation in legislation. The domination of capital reached its zenith between e hteen hundred and ninety-seven and nineteen hundred and three, w en laws were enacted, interpreted and administered for the benefit Y!i of those who enjoyed special privileges,-such as franchises, public grants and the like,-in the investment of their capital. The boss system was so firmly established that it seemed as if only a revolution could overthrow it, and the great corporations, by furnishing the money which ran the party machines, saw to it that legislation carried out their wishes. Open bribery, both in legislative chambers and at the polls, was a part of the established order of things, and money reigned su reme until the adoption of the secret ballot,-a reform which marK ed the beginning of the change. Since that time the
HE
WJ
A NEW
POLITICAL
PARTY
growth of reform has been steady, quiet and unchanging. We hardly realize how much has been done until we read some such summary as that given by Mr. William Allen White in his admirable book. He says, regarding the growth of fundamental democracy in this country : Thirty y ears ago the secret ballot was regarded as a passin craze by professional politicians. Twenty years ago it was a vita? issue in nearly every American state. Today the secret ballot is universal in American politics. Ten years ago the direct primary was the subject of an academic discussion in the University of Michigan by a young man named La Follette, of Wisconsin. Now it is in active operation m over two-thirds of our American states, and over half of the American people use the direct primary as a weapon of selfgovernment. Five years ago the recall was a piece of freak legislaToday more American citizens are living under tion in Oregon. laws giving them the power of recall than were living under the secret ballot when Garfield came to the White House, and many times more people have the power to recall certain public officers today than had the advantages of the direct primary form of party nominations when Theodore Roosevelt came to Washington. The referendum is only five years behind the primary. Prophecy with these facts before one becomes something more than rash guess. When to this quiet growth all over the country of phase after phase of direct popular overnment, we add the power of public opinion that lies behind tB e conservation movement, and remember what has been accomplished since Mr. Pinchot first began to preach conservation in this country and, with the active cooperation of Mr. Roosevelt, to put his doctrine into practice, we realize that the eople at last feel the responsibility of power and that they are no f onger blinded by i norance. They are fully aware of most of the abuses that exist. & hey have been patient under the endless processes of investigation, accusation, recrimination, and all the rest of the cl.amor raised to obscure the real points at issue. They have watched the tedious legal processes ostensibly tending toward the punishment of such powerful organizations as have grown too bold in their depredations upon the public, and they have seen flurry after flurry of official investigation come up and die down. What they want now is constructive action, not quibbling over the details of who is to blame. The time for such things has gone by, and the time has come to do something. The party of the future will be the arty that stands for direct and vigorous action upon the problems t!I at are pressing for solution, and the man who leads it will be the man who typifies these qualities and who has proven abundantly that he has the strength to carry out his convictrons.
THE RELATION OF MODERN AMERICAN ART TO THAT OF CHINA AND JAPAN: DEMONSTRATED AT THE RECENT EXHIBITION AT ANN ARBOR: BY WILFRED B. SHAW
OR many years a growing a preciation of Oriental art has been manifest in the $ est ; we have come to see its influence affecting and permeating, little by little, our own erhaps more obvious artistic ideals and infusing a littP e subtlety into Western art. The interrelation between the really great masters of former times in the Orient, and our modern, perhaps even more particularlv American, art forms the keynote of a significant exhibition. which was held during the month of May, nineteen hundred and ten. at Ann Arbor, Michigan. This exhibition, which was of Orient.al and American art, formed the official opening of the new Alumni Afemorial Hall at the University of Michigan. It was held under the joint auspices of the University and the Ann Arbor Art AsscGtion and under the personal direction of Mr. Charles L. Freer of I >cbtroit, from whose own collection came all the exam les of Oriental art and many of the Occidental paintings. Though t 5l e exhibition was !lchl in a comparatively small town, there was an average attendant 3 of over twelve hundred each day during the three weeks it was opv 1 %I: building which this exhibition opened formal1 also marks wh;;: may be considered a new era in the history of tEe University of ~i~i~4&r~n, which has hitherto paid scant attention to the subject of ,. ,ji ;trt, and em hasizes as well new possibilities for all universitif,- iit the wa oP popular appreciation of art. Especially signifiCal: i. Ihe Fact tiIat this exhibition was held at the time of the annual 31;; ! r>st ival, a series of five concerts given by the Choral Union of 1t)or, the Theodore Thomas Orchestra of Chicago and many Ani, +. sol, -v+ of national re utation, attended by thousands of visitors. I\ Memorial 2 all has been particularly designed as an art Thi buii 1 :,i J and, because of its simplicity and perfect adaptation for thi> ! ;:l>ose, has met with the warmest praise from critics. :. this exhibition there were on1 two examples of Whistlers in spite of the fact that Mr. P reer has perhaps the greatest WO ~011. , ;ion of Whistler in the world. Yet this was not entirely to be rep. : 1,,,I. since it ave an opportunity for other American artists to em!. ..ii~e the wi f e influence upon their own work of the subtle abs .Ic+y and rofound mastery of design of the great Oriental leatie .., of art. Iphese modern Americans were represented at the .exhi iiiorl by a carefully selected series of paintings from the Mon522
: .Y!-J?w I> . . ,Y ( --A> : .: , . : . .,. : ..
I:; ..
~--. :.
--
..
Co#yri&t by the Detroit Pablishing Co.! Owned by the Defroit MILWU~ of Art.
THE PAINTING
WEDDING: BY GARI
FBOM MFZCHERS.
RELATION
OF AMERICAN
ART
TO THE JAPANESE
tross Galleries of New York, from the Detroit Art Museum and from many private galleries in Detroit. In addition to these collections an entire floor of the gallery was devoted to the work of various Michigan artists, among them, F. S. Church, E. L. Couse, Miss, L. Cra o Smith, Leon and T. Scott Dabo, Julius Rolshoven and Myron Bar P ow. One allery on this floor was given up exclusively to the work of Gari B elchers, formerly of Detroit. It was said to be the lar est collection of Mr. Melchers work that has ever been exhibiteFi and was of widespread interest, not only to the people of Mr. Melchers own State but to the visitors from all over the country. But in spite of the very genuine local appreciation of the work of the Michi an artists, the vital interest of this exhibition was centered in the galf eries of the second floor, where perhaps for the first time the principles for which Mr. Freer has stood so consistently and so effectively for years were made clear to the public,-in other words, the feeling of the vital relation between the older Oriental art and the Amerrcan art of today. Mr. Freer has long been vitally interested in the very intimate relationship of Eastern and American art, and his vast collections of Oriental and Occidental art all bear upon this most interesting and significant intimacy of,expression, an appreciation of which first came to him from Whistlers work. A careful study of the art of this reat American brought to Mr. Freer the conviction that the source of t 7.le inspiration for his work was identical with that of the greatest of the Japanese artists. Although Whistler did not study either Chinese or Japanese art, his work roves his sympathy with the Oriental point of view in art. Mr. I&eer feels that rt would be imossible to say that Whistler was influenced by Oriental art, but that iiis work was identical in subtlety of expression and technical excellence there can be no doubt. It was Mr. Freers interest in Whistlers closeness to Oriental inspiration which resulted in the forming of his great Whistler collection of paintings, sketches and prints. HE aintings by the early masters of the Japanese school shown in t rl is exhibition were almost entirely upon screens which were laced about the walls of the main gallery of the second floor. The elect of this magnificent room, over one hundred feet long, with the soft yellowish brown of the burlap on its walls and of its noiseless cork floor, relieved by a dull solid green in the woodwork, was thoroughly satisfying as a desirable background for the dull splendor and the exquisite delicacy of the golden screens displa ed upon its walls. When flooded with the soft and e uable glow o P the evening illumination, and in a setting which brougll t them into some relation
527
RELATION
OF
AMERICAN
ART
TO
THE
JAPANESE
to their architectural environment, the true richness of these paintings could in some part be realized by us, even though far removed from the sources of their inspiration. Many of the artists of the great Japanese schools were re resented, though the aintings included in the larger portion of t R e exhibit fell within t Ke Kano school with examples of the two manners inlto which it was divided, one characterized by rapidity of execution and the other by an ever-increasing richness in simplicity of material, Of the earlier Yamato and Tosa schools design and material. there was but one example by a late representative, a pair of sixpaneled screens by Mitsuoki, who lived m the seventeenth century. Perhaps no screen in the whole collection attracted more attention and sympathetic study than one by the later master Okio, founder of the Shijo school,-two geese, in themselves wonderfully rendered, flying out into the pearly mist over the sea, just where the curling waves breaking on the beach below could be divined rather than discerned, recalling irresistibly Whistlers infinite refinements in atmospheric effects. Hokusai, the last of the great Ja anese masters, was re resented by a landscape, a view of the island E noshima. A La th rough the centuries from ancient Japanese masters to modern H merican art calls for some mental effort as well as sym athy, but the relationshi was there for those who sought it. Yet, alt i: ough pervasive, this in f; uence of old Japan has resulted in no obvious reproduction of Japanese thought and methods of expression. Our modern art has at base too much of a message of its own for that. Naturally, the school of modern American art best represented was that which comes closest to the spirit of the Japanese. Therefore many of the pictures in the exhibition belon ed to the so-called impressionistic school, Childe Hassam, Willard 5!t etcalf, Thomas W. Dewing, Robert Reid, and of a somewhat older generation, Dwight W. Tr on and J. Alden Weir. Th e relationship between East and West, i!lowever, was not always as obvious as it was in the Whistlers or the Dewings; which in a certain way set the key for the exhibition. But an essential and subtle connection, rather in the spirit with which the artist regarded his subject and his work, than in any striking similarity in result, was everywhere evident.
F
528
OR with Japanese art the purpose was not a.lways implicit in the picture ; it lay rather in refinement of expression, often an echo of a more obvious beauty in the subject, in exquisite harmonies and variations of color scheme, in drawing and what we know as composition, attempting to solve problems which they and their masters, the Chinese, recognized long before the possibility of
RELATION
OF AMERICAN
ART
TO THE
JAPANESE
such an attitude toward art was thou ht of by our painters. Never% ly those loaned by Mr. Freer theless, as many of the pictures, nota and the Montross Galleries, gave evidence, there is dawning an appreciation of a truer harmony between the beauty which lies in the subject and that harmony of the language in which the subject is presented. This conception frankly recognized, though in varying degrees, in much of our modern art, was quite foreign to most of our earlier painters, although occasionally they were incorri ible craftsmen enough to arrive at approximately the same end wit % out knowing it, or at least without making a cult of it. Whistler, whose attitude toward art was confirmed rather than inspired by the Japanese, was represented in the exhibition by two characteristic pictures. His Study in Blue and Silver-Trouville, a bit of beach, the blue summer sea, with a silver sail or two under masses of bright clouds shining in a soft translucency of shimmering grays and violets, and his view of Trafal ar Square, Chelsea, a nocturne where infinitely subtle gradation of tones in the buildings, revealed through the night, with a slender tracery of trees growing out of the iridescent mist, brought one again to the shadowless composition of the Oriental masterpieces in the big gallery,-the color schemes of the pines u on the hillside of Yeitoku or the delicate floral designs on tea bow rs and incense boxes of Kenzan and Koyetzu. Four examples by Dewin were shown, a Portrait in Blue, from the Freer collection, a $ ortrait in White, as exquisitely delicate in techni ue as in subject, full of a sentiment of which the Japanese never dreame8 , a wistfulness in the slender figure subtly echoed in the very simplicity of the composition, and the tenderest gradations of white to pink and lavender, which made the picture one of the most lovely in the exhibition. Tryon was represented by a series of exquisite canvases, two of which, Autumn Morning and Twili ht, were loaned by the National Gallery of Art (Freer collection). !r wo pictures by Willard L. Metcalf were shown. His Unfolding Buds was a charming pastoral, vigorous and direct, yet exquisitely delicate in its values, while his Green Canopy was hardly less successful in its treatment of sunlight filtering through the dense foliage of a youn forest. C%ilde H assam exhibited three pictures, one, The Chinese Merchants, from the Freer collection, the other two, SundownNew ort and North Shore, Moonlight, loaned by the artist. Of t 1 ese the first attracted special attention. It showed only a flat panoramic view of one side of the street in a Western Chinatown, empty shop fronts relieved only by the figures of three or four lounging Orientals. Upon this slender foundation, however, the artist built
529
RELATION
OF AMERICAN
ART
TO THE
JAPANESE
a marvelously brilliant yet delicate color sym bony, with the pale blue of the principal shop, relieved by surroun Bing touches of warm, yet delicate red, emphasized by the brilliancy of an occasional Chinese sign.
ROM the Freer collection came one canvas by the great Twachtman, Drying Sails. Two other re resentatives of the more im ressionistic school were J. Alden d eir, whose Return of the Fishing 3;arty, a modern variation of a theme upon which Watteau so often played, and a hillside landscape in green were included, while Edward W. Redfield, whose work has come to have a new interest since the recent purchase of one of his canvases by the French Government, was re resented by one characteristic landscape, The Brook in Winter. P Two pictures by Eduard Steichen were included, Moonlight on Lake George and his Garden at Voulangis, while Alexander Schilling was re resented by a Moonlight. Of the older generation of x merican artists Inness was represented by a glowing canvas, Autumn by the Sea, Winslow Homer b a characteristic picture, Early Evening, two figures on a cliff si arply outlined in the fadin light, boldly painted, yet full of sentiment and atmosphere, and a ilham M. Chase by one small canvas, Summer Sunshine. Albert P. Ryder, in his small picture entitled The Horseman, a ain recalled the brilliant depths of some of the Japanese lacquerers %y a curious opalescent low in his sky, over the sharp edge of the dark hillside, beneath whit% a dim figure of a rider might be discerned. One of the most striking in its color and brilliant technique was Horatio Walkers Circe and the Friends of Ulysses. In this the artist departed somewhat from his usual models in the life of the little Canadian farm community, which he is accustomed to treat somewyhatin the spirit of Millet. This collection, together with all the pictures in Mr. Freers ossession by other American artists, includmg Tryon, Dewing, Ab 6 ott Thayer and Childe Hassam; all his examples of the masters of the old Chinese and Japanese schools, unrivaled certainly outside of Japan, his collection of Chinese and Japanese, E, ptran, Persian, Mesopotamian, and Babylonian pottery, and the 7 amous Peacock Room in which it has been kept m his own home in Detroit-have been deeded to the Smithsonian Institution and will eventually become the possession of the National Gallery of Art to form a unique collection, never to be altered, illustrating the development through many centuries of what is speedily coming to berecognized as one of the most significant schools of art the world has ever known.
IN THE MARKET-PLACE AT QUIMPER: KATHARINE METCALF ROOF
BY
CIRQUE was in full play on the other side of the river opposite the Hotel of the Sword the day we arrived,the only French suggestion outside the shop windows in the Breton town. The monotonous gaiety of its hurdygurdy insistently invited the passerby, but it was market-day and the square before the cathedral was full of white-coiffed peasants with their wares, and who could prefer a French cirque to a Breton market-day! The cirque must have found its patrons, however, for it was still grinding out the lure of its tuneless French tune when we returned some weeks eaceful and cheerful of hostellater to the Hotel of the Sword-most ries,-one recalls its very shrimps witph sentiment! Quimper is the city of the Bretons pride. Commercial Brest is larger and more rosperous, but Quimper is beautiful. And in ops and new houses it is pregminently a Breton spite of its modern sFl city. The things you remember when some distance of time has separated you from a lace-how significant they are even in their irrelevance ! When I tKink of Quimper now I see the slow green river that passes through the little city, with leaves drifting almost imperceptibly upon its smooth surface, the masts of distant fishing boats moored by its quiet banks; the absurd cirque with the gay streamers floatin from the peak of the tent, the gray cathedral wrth its two towers anf spires, the timeworn Gothic carvings upon its portal; the marketlace full of white coifs and quaint costumes of gay and sober colors. 5 u&most clearly of all I remember the morning we went away in the In that rain. (It seems to be always raining in sunny France.) short ride down the little street in the ostentatiously clattering omnibus of the IIotel of the Sword we passed a babys funeral followed on foot in the simple touching fashion of the country, and a wedding party laughing in the rain-on their way from the church to the muirie, no doubt,-all the joy and tragedy of life in the small compass of that swift passing by. Brittany casts a spell over the imagination that is indescribable; the longer you stay the more it winds about you. In France, yet not of it in race, psychology, custom or type, even the quickly moving period in which we live has scarcely altered it. Another generation, whatever changes it may bring, can hardly make it modern or French. In the schools only French is taught, but books are still printed in Breton, also post cards. In the small remote towns French is not even understood, yet it was in the fifteenth century that Anne of Brittany brought her domain under the crown of France. A Celt,-ruddy,
531
IN THE
MARKET-PLACE
AT QUIlMPER
strong, imaginative, a devout Catholic, yet with his Catholicism strangely bound up with legend and paganism, the Breton is surely a very different bemg from the Frenchman. And the one discordant note at a Breton Pardon is the Frenchman who has whizzed up from Paris in his motor-and who evidently regards it half-contemptuously as a spectacle-standing about making his incessant French comments aloud, while the peasants about him are kneeling under the open sky m prayer. LL the beauty of human faith in religion is impressed upon one at these Breton Pardons. Each town has its own great yearly Pardon, besides a number of smaller ones celebrated on saints days. Sometimes the ilgrims have to travel a day and night journey in their heavy carts, sP eeping on the earth if they cannot afford the price of an inn. It is not only for the forgiveness of his sins that the Breton journeys to the Pardons, but also to obtain especial gifts or blessings. Since each Pardon has some especial character-as the saint it commemorates is believed to have power to bestow some especial favor or heal some particular ill,-a peasant will often travel a far journey to make his petition at the shrine of the saint able to confer the desired benefit. The Pardon at Quimper, which takes lace in Au st, is a unique combination of horse fair and religious H e sale of the horse is concluded with a handshake, preestivity. rJ!z sumably a seal of good faith. It is rumored that the agnostic French republic is going to forbid the Pardons. It would seem an unpardonable cruelty, for the little happiness that the oor, hard-worked Breton has in his life comes through his faith an x its secular celebrations. There is another side to the question, of course, but it would not seem to apply to Brittany, where monasteries and convents are not excessive in number and where the Breton priest is a veritable father of his flock. The devout, chanting procession of the Breton Pardon, with its banners and relics, the praying crowd mounting a sacred staircase upon its knees; the group of peasants anointing themselves with the water of some miraculous fountain; the calvaries,-not simple crucifixes, but elaborate monuments of carved stone scattered all over the hills and crossroads; the altar hung with the pathetic gifts of the poor,-all these things speak of a simple yet living faith. The Breton has not the overflowing aiety of the Italian-he is more reserved than the Frenchman; but iie has his code -of kindness and courtesy-a deeper courtesy than the easants of the north, or of the rest of France, with the exception of !c rovence. Also he is far less likely to overreach in financial transactions than the Latin. It
532
IN THE
MARKET-PLACE
AT QUIMPER
is always distressing to the sincere, interested American to discover that the kindliness apparently conveyed in the courteous Continental habit is so often less than skin deep, and that the smile of welcome, especially in France, is quite exclusively of commercial inspiration; yet after crossing the Breton border you realize a difference in this respect. If, for example, in Brittany you turn around after havin received a beaming smile from your hostess, you are not likely to fin% it transformed into a gorgon stare of concentrated curiosity and antagonism as in France. The beautiful white coifs and ruffs of the women give, too, a dazzling effect of cleanliness-and effect of cleanliness is all that can be hoped for on the Continent, where economy in the matter of laundry is practiced to a degree incredible to an American. LTHOUGH Q ulm p er is a city, it has not lost its Breton character. In the market-place, throu h the streets, the peasants dance at their weddings ust as t%ey do in the country. It is an all-day affair, a Breton we d di . To the sound of the binous, It!? a sort of primitive bagpi e, the wed ing party dances down the road, the curious complicate d! Breton steps-pausing from time to time at a door with a green branch over it-the sign of a tavern-to order cider and cakes. And the Breton cakes are good-no relation to the elaborate and often over-sweet confections of France. The Breton dances are of very ancient ori in; some eople insist a relic of the Druid rites, but there seems to %e no proo F of this. It is customary at many f&es to ive prizes to the best dancers-and such a dancers agility often wil 7 be quite incredible. While some of the dances are quiet and dignified in character, the majority of them are rather swift, yet always executed with dignity. It is at Quimper that the famous Breton faience is made. It is supposed to be an imitation of the old Rouen pottery, and bears a strong resemblance to the Italian Cantigalli ware, being executed in the same colors,-blue and yellow on a white ground. The subjects are birds, flowers, fruit and single figures in the Breton costumeusually a man and woman, sometimes a child. In the factory, which is a modern building with relatively sanitary conditions and an excellent li ht, old men, young men, women and children are employed. The c%ildren, of course, are given the cruder and simpler parts of the work, usually the outlining of the rims with blue and yellow lines. as the Cantigalli and very This Breton ware is almost as interesti much less expensive, the Florentine ware Yl aving leaped to the highest prices that exist in the imagination of the commercial Italian since It has been regularly imported to America.
533
IN THE IMARKET-PLACE
AT QUIMPER
In the market-place tout Ze mode is buying and selli . All the world is not in its feast-day clothes-these are reserve 7 for f&es, Pardons, weddings and christenings, but they look very fine to us. What poor, dull, drab little sparrows we must seem to the Bretons with eyes accustomed to their own splendors! Veritable old master costumes, ruffs and wide skirts, coifs of bygone suggestion,-Tudor, Angevin, Stuart, all of them quaint and picturesque, most of them becoming. Beauty, by the way, is not uncommon amon the women of Brittany. Two I shall never for et-the beautifu7 dark-eyed embroiderer of Pont 1Abbe who might % ave been an Eastern princess, with her grave, sweet, incomparable di nity, and a primitive wooden % rewd Mme. Julias in Pont madonna who served us at table at s rincess married a corn latent little French Aven. Alas, the perry&r who bulY ied her, and the tranqur 7 madonna, of whom another Breton woman said to me: Louise is not only beautiful, Mademoiselle,-she is good -the madonna will marry a peasant who will use her hardly, no doubt, knowing no other way. On market-day one will always see peasants wearing the coifs of neighboring towns. Some have traveled to the great city of Quimper for the market, having started long before dawn. Others origmally from other provinces, have marrred Quimper youths or are m service there. The Breton never changes the costume of his province and discards it with reluctance and sorrow. One may even see the Breton costumes, a little bedra gled and discouraged, upon the nurse%e Luxembourg in Paris. maids sitting in the garden of t HE Quimper coif is smaller and more severe than many of the others, but the womens costumes are charming,-bri ht blue trimmed with narrow gold braid. The mens are a7so blue with brass buttons, but the fete-day waistcoat has a broad band of embroidery across the chest. The hat is black beaver, with velvet streamers. Some of the old men still wear the broad brown breeches called bragoubrm. The childrens costumes are su gestive of those of the little Velasquez princesses, with the long, tig%t-fitting bodice, short full skirt and small skull cap. The girls cap is finished at the top with a button, the boys with a tassel. In the market-place among the darker hues of Quimper and its environs an occasional costume of Pont lAbb6 flashes out like a bird of orgeous tro ical plumage. The prevailing color of these Orientalloo%ing B ou a en costumes is orange, with touches of red. The small pecu Piar coif which requires a curious, archaic head-dress is a mixture of tinsel, velvet and orange embroidered linen. Besides the Bigouden women of Penmarch and Pont lAbb6 in
534
SLOW
GREEN THE
RIVER
PASSES
TEROUGH A GLIMPSE ONE
LITTLE
OLD CITY.
OF THE OF THE
CATHEDRAL OLD STREETS.
DOWN
THE
BEAUTIFUL,
DARK-EYED
EMBROID-
ERER OF PDNT IN THEY THE
LABBE. THE PEASANTS JUST AS
MARKET-PLACE AT THEIR THE
DANCE
WEDDINGS COUNTRY.
DO IN
IT AND OUS
IS
AT IS
QUIMPER MADE: ARE FROM
THAT OLD MEN, ALL
THE
FAMOUS MEN, IN THE
BRETON WOMEN VARI-
FAIENCE
YOUNG
CHILDREN STEPS
EMPLOYED TO
WHEEL
DECORATION.
.~
p~.,;:r.-.. _...
IN THE
MARKET-PLACE
AT QUIMPER
their flaming colors, there are girls from the fishing town of Douarnenez, with their close, dainty lace hoods and Ion shawls, women of Pont Aven with wonderful wide crimped ruffs anf quaint, tall coifs with narrow streamers. The Q uim erlk costume is more like that of Pont Aven than of Quimper-in x eed, it requires scrutiny to tell the difference between them. Everything is for sale in the market-cloth, lace, rosaries, beads, flowers, fruit, vegetables, the tough French honey cake and a Breton cake something like a waffle, advertised by a peculiar rattle. Often pigs, calves and sheep are for sale on market-day. It is a barren country and the Breton has a hard fight to make the fruits of the earth repay him. The array he brings to market looks very enticing, but it is picked so green-with an eye to its preservation-that however much one may feast the eye on the primitive baskets of gay-colored fruit, it is difficult to stave off the pangs of hunger in the market-place. This, however, is the usual state of affairs with Continental fruit. The Bretons from the different provinces are said to have markedly different characteristics. Those of Quimper are described as gay, fastidious. fashionable. They are supposed to look down upon the Bigoudens, their neighbors, because of their tendency to sharpness in a bargain, and because of their strange, heavy, almost Mon olian type. in a Breton market is, however, very T%e effect of th e b arg ammg different from that in a French town. The Breton has none of the febrile Latin joy in a bargain, only a well-defined determination to do his duty to himself. No Breton leaves the market-place without pausing a moment in the cathedral to kneel a.nd pray. The cathedral dates from the thirteenth century. Its interest is mainly exterior, but the groining has the peculiarity of a central rib, common in English cathedrals though unusual in France. The clearstory windows are filled with ancient stained glass. Over the west gable stands an equestrian statue of King Grallo, a mythical king of the province of Cornoueille, of which Quimper became the capital after the vengeance of the Lord had caused the waters of the Baie des Trepasses to rise and cover the wicked city of Is, its ancient capital. N A very remote period of childhood I possessed, loved and lost a volume of Breton fairy stories, a heritage from my fathers childhood. It was loaned and lost soon after I had acquired the ability to enjoy it without assistance, and out of the collection 1 only consciously remembered one story, a grim and fearsome tale called Peronik the Idiot, or the Golden Basin and the Diamond Lance.
539
IN THE
MARKET-PLACE
AT QUIMPER
But as I stood on the shores of the Bay of the Dead and was told that the sinful city of Is lay under its lacid waters, eerie fragments of a forgotten story in that black ancf gold. volume came back to me. The story of King Grallo and his beautiful wicked daughter. Later I found it in a book. This is the story: There was a certain good king, Grallo of Cornoueille, who had a beautiful daughter, the Princess Ahes, who scorned the Christian missionaries and worshiped the pa an gods. Sad to relate, the wicked princess had more influence over t % e people than the good king, so the city grew more and more evil until one night an angel visited Saint Winwaloe in his cell and told him to take horse to Is and warn the king, because God was going to destroy the wicked city. So the saint mounted his horse and rode to Is to find the city engaged in wild orgies of debauch. Winwaloe gave the angels message,- The Lord will deliver thee and thee only. &$ount thy horse and fly, for I hear the roar of the rising sea! Then King Grallo mounted his horse to fly, but when he had done so the fathers heart yearned toward his daughter, so he hastened to her and told her of the doom that was to overtake the city. The princess refused to go and mocked him, but even as she laughed a great billow leaped over the sand bar u into the city street. Then all was confusion and wild cries, and GralPo seized her and swung her up beside him on his horse, but the saint said to him, It is not iven to thee to save thy daughter. I will not escape without her, re 7ied the king. So the saint and the sinner and the kin rode on toget %er, but the ocean was swifter than the flying feet of tf e horses and the water swirled about their knees (I remember the picture!). Cast her off , cried the saint above the roar of the sea, but the kin would not east her off, and the waters % e saint laid his staff upon the clinging kept gaining on them. Then t arms of the sinner and Ahes fell from the horse into the raging waters. But the king and the saint reached the land i,ust as the last vestige Of the wicked city was swallowed by the sea. bo King Grallo upon his horse tops the gable of the Quimper cathedral. Thus do religion and legend go hand in hand in Brittany!
540
AN ADJUSTED S. RABB
VISION: A STORY: BY LAURA
XS. BILLY SAUNDERS folded the letter she had just read and placed it very carefully in the thin, square envelope with the foreign postmark ; then as carefully removed it and held it, with trembling fingers, toward her husband. Its from Becky, she said, in troubled tones ; shes comin home. Comin home ? said Billy, a trifle blankly; How can she get leave of absence ? He was looking, not at the letter, but at his wifes face, that bore for the first time since their marriage, which had occurred two years previously, its old harassed look. The eight years she agreed to stay when she went as a missionMy! she said, with a ary are up, replied Mrs. Saunders. My! reminiscent look out of the window, past the sunset woods ; It dont seem much longer ago than yesterday that Becky walked into the kitchen an told me she had decided not to teach school as wed planned, because the Lord had called her to Africa as a missionary. The remembrance of this disappointment brought a deeper shadow to her face. Eight years, she mused ; an heres Becky been married an left a widow with three little children that Ive never saw; an heres Bud growed up an married an happy, though it did seem as if he couldnt stand it when he had to give up gettin his schoolin; an heres me-1 wonder how itll seem to Becky to see her ma married an havin everything on earth a woman could want- The thought of Beckys imminent visit brought her back to the present with a start. Read the letter, Billy, she said. Billy unfolded the letter slowly. He had always resented the fact that Becky, his wifes daughter by a former marriage, had coolly sacrificed her younger brothers chance of an education, and her mothers chance of living in comparative comfort with the assistance of her salary as a teacher, for the sake of ministering to heathens who had no desire to be administered to. Becky was, as Billy expressed He read the letter aloud, amusement and it, a far reacher. quizzical protest gleaming from his eyes as he progressed.
DEAR MOTHER :
The Lord willing, I shall sail in fifteen days from Mombassa, arriving at home the latter part of August, and leaving there on my return trip the first of October or sooner. I am coming for the urpose of leaving my children with you for the next eight years, Eeyond which time I have made no plans. Enos is six, Benjanfin four, and Harold two. They interfere with my work, es ecially since the death of my husband, and now that you are marrieB and have plenty
541
AN AD JUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
of means, there is nothing to hinder you devoting your entire time to them. Conse uently, after thinking the matter over prayerfully, I have decide % upon the above course. It really seems as though your marriage, which seemed to me at the time absurd at your age, was Providentially planned. Expecting to see you in a short time, I am as ever, Your dutiful dau hter, Rebecca Scruggs 6 illiams. Billy folded the letter and handed it to his wife. If Becky knew how funny she was, he said, smiling broadly, shed sell herself to the newspaper for the comic section. Well, I must say I cant, for my part, see anything funny about that letter, replied Mrs. Saunders, forlornly. Billy lau hed outright. It beats any funny sheet I ever read, he responde 3 ; then added in a more serious tone : Becky seems to know, though, what shes about, an I reckon she aint found out yet that the time may come when somebody else11 have somethin to say about what youre goin to do an what you aint. Becky evidently thinks all I was born for was to let myself be punched for a meal ticket, an that all shes got to do is to lay down the law to all of us. She was always like that, Mrs. Saunders admitted, sadly. From the time she could walk, an before, if she wanted anything she jest raised Ned till she got it. Her voice lowered and she looked .at Billy with diffident confession in her gaze : Im ashamed to admit it, Billy, but Im fraid of Becky. Heres Judy goin to need me worst way come October, but if Becky makes up her mind to go back to the heathen an leave her youngsters for me to take care of, shell do it. Billy looked at his wife with amused tenderness: Dont you worry about that ! he said, gaily; you leave Becky to me. I reckon she didnt guess how near she was hittin the truth when she said your marriage was Providentially planned, but for my part, I dont reckon Providence was just exactly countin on your takin care of them children, an I aint neither. Youre goin to Judy when she needs you, an youre goin to stay there as long as you like, an if she keeps onlookin peakid like she does now, you can let Becky keep house an go any time you want to. Beckys arrival, at the stated time, was typical of Becky. She extricated herself from her mothers close embrace to say: Well, ma, here we are. This is Enos and this is Benjamin. Mr. Saunders-I sup ose it is Mr. Saunders; I had really forgotten how he looked-has R arold on his shoulder. Ah! how do you do, Mr. Saunders? Yes, I think mother is looking well; of course, she
AN ADJUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
looks worn and old, though. And this is Bud! Id never have known you, Bud, Judy? Oh, yes, your wife. Id have been quite willin to excuse you, Judy, under the circumstances; I should hardly % ought you would have considered the railway station a desirable have t place to come to. Billy, having heard the tactless remarks, interfered. Your mother had enough to make her look worn and old after you left her, Becky, but Bud has been such a good son and Judy such a splendid daughter that she feels repaid for all her hardships. As Bud and Judy walked on ahead of them he continued, in a low tone: Judy made a great effort to go and meet you. She is very far from strong this summer. The imp of mischief that always lurked near Billys eyes danced in them as he added in assured tones: It seems almost as though your visit was Providentially planned, you can be so much help to your mother and Judy. Ordinarily, Becky would not have hesitated to announce that she would have no time for anything except getting herself fitted out for her return to Africa, but there was something in Billys assurance that compelled at least apparent acquiescence in his view of the matter. There was somethmg, too, in Billys attitude, although he made Becky and her children royally welcome, that compelled a res ectful recognition of his rights as master in the house. But Becky ha J no hesitation in usurping the rights of her mother and Judy. Mrs. Saunders would have interfered, but that her old fear of Becky held her in thrall, and Billy would have interfered, but Billy was prone to let matters take their course until an emergency arose, and besides, he did not realize that the three healthy, rollicking youngsters, who Judy so evidently enjoyed and who so worshi ed her, were a strain on her too slender store of strength. Nor Bid Bud realize that his little wife was very slowly, but always bravely and smilingly, slip in away from all those she so dearly loved. But Judy knew. IFI% ec y had made no mention to Billy of her intended departure, but as September began to wane Billy decided that it was time for him to apprise Becky of the fact that when she sailed for Africa, little Enos, little Benjamin and little Harold would be personally conducted to the boat by himself. In this, as in other things, however, he waited for the opportune moment, and the last week of September found him still unperturbed. Then he received a shock. Billy had fallen asleep on the couch in the living room, where he had thrown himself after supper; Mrs. Saunders had gone to visit a sick neighbor; Bud was at the factory doing overtime work; the children were in bed, and Becky and Judy were sitting in the porch swing, just outside of the living-room window.
543
AN AD JUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
Billy woke, and realized gradually that someone outside was sobbin , very softly and very hopelessly. It was Judys voice, and he listenefi alarmed, as he realized that she was arguing with Becky. But, Becky, what shall I do 3 pleaded the voice, brokenly, Couldnt someone else come in for just a little while to look after the children so mother could stay with me ? Not just a week, Becky 3 Not just one little week? Judy! remonstrated Becky sharply, dont be so absurd. One would think no one had ever ex ected a child but you. I should hardly think it would be necessary P or you to have it pointed out to you that my mothers first duty is to her own daughter. Becky, said Judy in a frightened, diffident little voice, did you ever feel sure, before one of your little children came, that you would die ? Certainly not ! answered Becky, with cold scorn. That is nothing but a morbid condition. You give way to your nerves entirely too much, Judy. I hope you wont repeat any such nonsense to my mother, to upset her. 6I never have, said Judy, piteously. Billy yawned loudly and a moment later appeared on the porch. Hello, girls ! he said, genially. What you plottin out here in the dark 3 We were discussing the future, said Becky, briskly. Its been my experience, said Billy dryly, Cc that the future is pretty likely to work out all right if we look after the present. His tone grew brighter as he leaned toward Judy: You come on, little girl, or the bugger-man11 get you. Its nine oclock, and time you was home and in bed. Judy smiled wanly, comforted, as she always was, by Billys nearness. One would think, said Becky acridly, that Judy had a mortgage on this family, the way they look after her. Shes got a mort age on this member of it, all right, replied Billy, placing his han f under her chin and tilting the thin little face and if some of the balance of the family dont up to the moonlight, Cc look after her a httle better, theyll have me to reckon with. Becky laughed unpleasantly. That doesnt speak very well for Bud, she said contemptuously. Bud beats you, dont he, Judy 3 lau hed Billy, turning the udy bodily and carried matter into a joke, and with that he lifted s her down the steps and out to the walk. Oh, daddy! breathed Judy, I feel so safe with you. You are safe with me, my girl, and Im mighty proud that you 544
AN ADJUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
He turned to her suddenly think enough of me to call me daddy. and laid his hand on her shoulder, They were out of sight of the porch, and under the shadow of a great elm. Judy, he said firmly, dont you go to botherin your little head about anything Becky says to you. When I want Becky to run my house and my wife Ill pay her a salary for doin it. Your motherd be a heap worse broke up than you would if she couldnt be with you when you need her, an there aint never a minute she aint goin to be there, if I have to carry her over an set against the door to keep her inside. Judy laughed, one of her old-time, trilly little laughs that Billy hadnt heard for weeks. She waved him a gay good-night from the doorway and Billy kept a smile on his face, even in the partial darkness, until she went inside. Then he walked rapidly toward Dr. Yatess house. That one look into Judys face had shocked him inexpressibly. Never before had it occurred to Billy that she might leave them, and his heart ached as though for an own child. Dr. Yates rose with a weary sigh to answer his doorbell, but the sigh changed to a smile as he recognized his visitor. Ive come to see you about Judy, Dot ; I think I should have come sooner. The doctor made a gesture of interest, and Billy made a clean breast of Beckys plans and his counter-plans, repeating also the conversation he had overheard. The doctor sat for some time after Billy had finished, dee in thought; finally he said: Imihopeful that f udys trouble is only overwrought nerves, but she always seemed such a splendidly poised girl that this seems unlikely. You have Mrs. Saunders go over there tomorrow afternoon and Ill drop in. Its a bad time for a self-appointed representative of Providence to take charge of your household. Billy smiled in reply. She hasnt taken charge yet, he retorted. Theres one thing, though, Dot, that I must say m Justice to Becky. Shes honest in thinkin shes doing the right; she thinks the Lord called her to teach the heathen, an shell teach em if she has to lariat em to make em listen to her. Pity she couldnt have seen her duty to her mother as clear as that a few years ago, commented the doctor, dryly, as Billy rose to go. You understand, Dot, that theres to be no question of cost. If you want to consult with any of the big city guns, get em down here. If I find that Judy is suffering from more than an attack of nerves, I will probably want her to o to a city hospital, replied the doctor, gravely. I wish you wou7d come around tomorrow evening and well talk it over.
545
AN ADJUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
Im afraid you couldnt get her to go, said Billy. Not if she thought it was your wife needed to go, and the only way we could get her there would be for her to go too? asked the doctor. Well, by Jove! res onded Billy, admiringly. The next evening, a F ter a lon conference with Doctor Yates, % Mrs. Saunders, who lent herself Bill went home and had a talk wit to tEe plan willingly, but with a guilty conscience on Beckys account. How will Becky take it? she said fearfully. Ill manage Becky, Billy replied; all youve got to do is to be took with your old side ache when youre at Judys tomorrow, an crawl into bed till I get Dot Yates there. Hell tell Judy youd ought to have treatment at the hospital, an that you wont go a step without her. His classmate is at the head of one of the biggest hospitals in the city, an Dot had a telegram from him tonight in answer to one he sent today. He says Judyd be better off there than any place on earth, an you could spend your whole time with her. Hes goin on the train ahead of us an will have everything arranged when we get there. The next day, Becky was amazed and indignant when her mother did not return from Judys in time to get supper, but her indignation was changed to anxiety when Billy come over about nine oclock with the news that Doctor Yates had forbidden Mrs. Saunders to et out % , and of bed until he gave her permission. This was the literal trut when Becky hurried over in the morning, she found Judy tenderly brushin her mothers hair. Shes got fever, declared Becky, noting $Ielias flushed face, I think Id better not stay, for if it is contagious it might interfere with my gettin away. Judys jaw dropped with amazement, then set with firm f ecision. At noon Billy went into the house and called Becky. A rather sulky Becky a peared. You will Kave to go to Buds for dinner, she said, crossly; I cant get ready to go away and cook at the same time. I didnt come for dinner, said Billy, gravely; Ive come to have a talk with you, Becky. If youve come to try to dissuade me from going away, flared Becky, you can save your breath and my time. Ive known right from the start that you were against my going back, but I dont expect appreciation of my motives from men of your type. If you object to the children, my mother can take them and live in her own house and Bud and Judy can live with you. You seem perfectly daft about that girl, all of you. Billy gazed at her so steadily that she dropped her eyes. I wish
546
AN ADJUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
youd let me talk a minute, he said, quietly. I havent got much to say or long to say it in; your mother and Judy leave for the city at three oclock, to o into the hospital. Sit down! It aint your mother, though at first f was goin to let you think so. Thats what Judy believes-that they are goin so your mother can have treatment for her side, an that your mother wont go without her. Its Judy, Dot Yates says its her on1 chance; shes got a bad heart, an he says she must have the care o P experts or she 11never come through her trial. Theyll stay at the hospital a month or six weeks-maybe longer. All Beckys anxiety was gone. Do you mean to say, she cried, angrily, that my mother is going off with that chit just when her own randchildren need her T Why, Im oing to sail in three weeks. %vell be sorry to have ou go, Bet y. But if you think your 7-c duty lies away off in Africa, i 11see that you get off all right, an Ill take you to New York myself. But who will keep the children ? demanded Becky, only half mollified. Their own mother! replied Billy, firmly. When God gives children to a woman, he trusts her with a responsibility she cant shift onto anybody else, an in this case, Im right here to see that it aint goin to be shifted. Judy needs your mother right now, an shes gom to have her. Your children need you, an theyre goin to have you, whether its here or in Africa. Becky flung her arms wide in defiance. Ill show you, she said through set teeth. Ill go over there and tell that minx what I think of her. Bad heart, indeed! Its nothing but a ruse to thwart me in carrying out my plans. Stand out of my way! Billy, however, showed no intention of etting out of the way. Instead, he stood with folded arms gazin at fi ecky through narrowed eyelids, his face slowly growing a dulP red with repressed anger, until Becky, frightened at his attitude, flung herself mto her room and slammed the door. Billy gathered together awkwardly the few things his wife had failed to send surreptitiously the night their plan was made, and then he went hesitatingly to Beckys door. He stood there for a moment before he was able to cast off his feelin save kindness in his voice when over with me an tell your mother luck ? There was no answer; Becky was sittin at a table, writing furiously. She had noted on a letter Billy had %eld in his hand-a letter he had intended to show her-the name of the hospital to which he
547
AN ADJUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
referred, and her letter, when written, was sealed and addressed to Judy in its care, though she did not mail it that day. Billy returned from the city a couple of days later, much encouraged. The doctor had assured him that complete rest and freedom from worry would do wonders for Judy, but on the other hand, that the slightest shock might prove fatal. Becky listened in silence as Billy told her all the details of his stay, and watched him go down the street in search of Bud with a look of grim satisfaction on her face. She did not credit one word of his re ort as to Judys condition; that, to her mind, was just a part of the SC 5:eme to keep her quiet. She had mailed the night before the letter she had written the day they left, and she knew that Judy would have received it within a few hours after Billys departure; then they would all know that they had not succeeded in deceiving her. Nemesis sometimes assumes strange shapes, and Beckys Nemesis assumed the shape of a yellow envelope that a breathless messenger broi ht to Billy while they were eating supper that evening. $ wo messages in thar, Mr. Saunders. Oprator said I better hurry, cause it was bad news. Billy tore the envelo e across. Silently he read one and handed it to Becky, then opened tKe second. 0, my God! he groaned, and turned, gazing out of the window with unseeing eyes. Becky having read the first snatched the second and read that as well, her eyes dilated with sickening horror of herself. The first messa e, signed Mills, read: Learn contents of letter and sender, mai k ed yesterday from Daines Mill. Only envelope can be found, but contents probably responsible for shock to Mrs. Scruggs. Condition critical; send her husband at once. The second one was signed by Mrs. Saunders, and evidently sent later. It read: Judys little irl was born at five oclock. Judy is dying. B% turned just in time to jump forward and catch Becky as she fell. If er unconsciousness was only momentar , however, and when he would have lifted her in her arms she shranI from him. Dont touch me, she said, harshly; I killed her. She silenced Billy with a gesture and rose, steadyin herself by the back of a chair. Her voice lost its harsh note and sanf to a dead, metallic sound: I killed her, she reiterated: I told her I knew all about the plot with Dr. Yates, and if she had any womanliness at all about her she would insist upon coming home, and that if she didnt she must take the consequences. But, said Billy, bewildered, that would hardly account for all this trouble. His voice lightened: Its likely the letter had nothin The expresto do with it. I wouldnt take it to heart so, Becky. sion of suffering in her face had touched Billy. 548
AN ADJUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
That isnt all, Beck continued, monotonously; I told her the %ely be such a curse as God sent to a woman consequences might very Ii in Africa, and I enclosed a hideous picture. And you dare to call on His name after that ? The words seemed to be wrung from Billy, but Becky did not hear them; Bud came running up on the porch and into the house. Billy, here T he cried, ea erly, and then stood rigid, gazing from one to the other. Billy starteif toward him, but instinct made him turn to his sister, even thou h there had been little sympathy between them. B s it-Judy? he whispered. Becky nodded. I killed her, she said, dully; tell him how I killed her, Mr. Saunders. For answer, Billy put his arm around her and led her gently to her room. Go in there and pray, Becky; if you never prayed before, pray now, for Judy and Bud and yourself. Becky is overwrought, Billy explained to the bewildered Bud. She wasnt very kind to Judy, and she feels responsible for this. Bud was sobbing bitterly, but he managed to gasp: I dont want her to feel that way; tell her I dont. She aint to blame, but Icant-stand-it, Billy, I cant stand it. Billy left him sitting by the table, his face buried in his arms, and went in to Becky. She sat beside the window, the embodiment of grief. Becky, Billy said, kindly, Bud hasnt eaten a bite, and he will be sick if he dont. Ill go up with him on the midni ht train, but until then we must forget our troubles to help him. 8 ome out and get him some supper. I cant; it would kill me if he s oke gently to me. You must, said Billy, firmly, P and we never die when we want to. Im afraid, Becky, that your greatest punishment, if we lose Judy, will be that you must never, never, let your mother or Bud know about that letter. Judy evidently tore it up. Becky rose and went out, and perhaps for the first time in her life, she thrust all thou ht of self aside and ministered to Bud, listening to his ravin s about f udy, with a knife in her heart, but joining so Ill earnestly in %is hope for her recovery that Bud felt comforted. wire you tomorrow, Billy said at parting. When the messa e came, Beckys fingers trembled so she could he child is well and beautiful; Judy unconscious. scarcely open it. Yl! The child well and beautiful, Becky whis ered again and . Not once had it occurred to any of them tI:at the child was %$!g; and she knew Billy had worded his telegram so she would understand that her evil deed had not harmed the child.
549
AN ADJUSTED
VISION:
A STORY
Meanwhile Judy, in the little hospital bed, was clingin to life by-such a slender thread that it seemed as though a breat% might snap it, but one morning she o ened her eyes and looked at Bud with recognition in their depths, an 8 from that time life came with a rush. Becky, in her thankfulness, wrote letters that brought tears of joy to her mothers eyes and that made Billy bless her under his breath. And he, in turn, sent her after a few days a letter that made life once more seem endurable. Judy sa s to tell you, he wrote, that she loves you dearly, and that if tEere is anything to forgive, she forgives you freely. I have told her how you feel, and she says tell you never to think of it again if you can he1 it, and above all, never speak of it to anyone, herself included. SRe has named the baby Delia Rebecca. Beckys mother wrote brief, ill-spelled little notes, and hope grew apace. Then came a time when Beckys daily letter failed to come; another day passed without a word from her; then Billy got a letter from Doctor Yates, which read: Becky has just buried her oungest child. He was taken with membranous croup ni ht before P ast and she sent Enos for me at once. He died at six ocloc$ yesterday morning, and although I be ged her to let me send for you or her mother, she absolutely refuseFi on the lea that Judy and her child needed Mrs. Saunders and that she wouf d not have either of them worried. She has consented for me to send you this line, but says she will write later in the day as usual and she does not want you under any circumstances to let them know until they are ready to come home. I think, Billy, that we misjudged her; she is the bravest woman I have ever known. Billy consulted Dr. Mills, who laughed at the idea of Judy and her three-weeks-old baby needing anyone but the nurse and Bud, so he went straight to her mother, and that evenin as Becky was prearing the evening meal she saw them coming up t%e path to the door. Pn a moment she was in her mothers arms, clinging to her as she had Mrs. Saunders, a great light of mother never clung since babyhood. love in her face, and the happiness that response to it brings shining from her eyes, looked wondermgly at Billy. She thought the presence of death had wrought a miracle, but Billy knew that Becky s vision had been adjusted.
550
MODERN COUNTRY BY BARRY PARKER:
HOMES IN ENGLAND: NUMBER FIVE
ONE or two houses already illustrated in this series of articles, notably in The Homestead at Chesterfield and in Hilltop at Caterham, one of the living rooms is large enough to fulfil any purpose to which it is likely to be put, and there are separate rooms for special uses. But in other houses it becomes necessary to contrive so that some of the space may be used for special occasions as well as for more general purposes. This arrangement is necessary when designing houses which, while they fulfil the requirements and adapt themselves to the lives of their occupants, are strictly limited as to size and cost. Glaed Hame was designed for a man who from time to time would have large social gatherings in his house, but who did not wish to build one room large enou h for this purpose. Hence the arrangement whereby dining room, B iving room and hall can be thrown into one large room at need. The rooms are separated one from another by sliding doors. In one case these doors have wing walls to receive them; in the other, one door slides behind the seat and bookcases which are in the ingle and the second behind the piano. This arrangement is convenient in that it leaves no temporary or unfinished look when the three rooms are connected, but is spacious and comfortable and lends itself admirably to the entertainment of numbers of
separate rooms for specific purposes are wanted, that can be easily managed. For instance, the dining room may be just closed off from the rest of the rooms while meals are being laid, taken and cleared away, so that the smell of food may not pene-
LIVit-iG*ROOM
BUILDING
IN RELATION
TO
SITE
trate beyond it. The service from the butlers pantry and kitchen to the dining room may be accomplished without passin through the hall, in order to secure more completely isolation of the B itchen premises and privacy of the hall and livin room. And when does the weather in I5ngland make a large room undesirable? Possibly when it is of the very coldest, and in the absence of any heating apparatus to supplement the heat from open fires, a large room (es ecially when it has in it a staircase leading to rooms ifficult to keep sufhcicntly warm. At these times it above) may be % may be pleasant to shut off the hall and staircase. The large room at Glaed Hame has two fireplaces, as have This I believe also the halls at The Homestead and at Hilltop. is unusual in America, but at Glaed Hame the heating apparatus is only to supplement, not at all to take the place of open fires. The site of Glaed Hame was perhaps a specially easy one to design a house for. When placed to face due south it would command the best view and also a peepzinto the glade from which it artly takes its name ; while the approach could be from the north, feaving all the pleasanter sides to be occupied by the windows of the principal rooms. Perhaps the chief difficulties arose from the necessity of having a veranda on the south side, where it was most desirable not to lose either sunshine or light from the rooms. Americans will scarcely appreciate this wished for in countr architect cannot ent of importance unde except they are the windows of r to be used exclusively as cool weather. He cannot have the windows of general livBOX ing rooms under the roof of a veranda, because this would impart to such rooms too dismal and depressing a character, so he must contrive to arrange his south verandas between win552
ROOM
BUILDING
IN
RELATION
TO
SITE
dows, in spaces where other\, wise he would have either blank walls or windows of entirely secondary importance. At Glaed Hame such spaces scarcely existed, so very careful consideration of the balance of advantages between the pleasantness of rooms and of the verandas was necessary.
FLOOR PLAN.
Perhans one of the greatest advantages this house possesses is that of having ROOM no drain of any description below the surface of the ground. It is held that drainage only becomes dan- L!i gerous when light and air are excluded therefrom. The drainage in this instance is carried from the sinks, lavatories and baths in open iron channels laid on the surface of the ground to a distance of a few yards from the house, thence in similar but perforated channels, it is distributed in various directions over the surface of the kitchen garden. Through the it percolates into the surface soil, this being facilitated erforations The 1 y broken stones laid in shallow trenches under the channels. result is that the drainage never ets beyond the reach of the beni n T%e position of the channels can %e influence of light and air. changed occasionally if the surface soil in their neighborhood be553
BUILDING
IN RELATION
TO
SITE
comes too saturated, but this is only necessary because the soil of the locality is rather unusually heavy. Earth closets are used. I ITDEN fear such an arrangement for the disposal of drainage is not possible where houses are close together, and that town dwellers must continue to add the risks they run from less sanitary systems to the MOLEWOOD many other risks to which FIRST they are exposed and from FLOOR PLAN. which the country dweller is immune. Still, it does seem foolish that many from choice would subject themselves to the dangers of underground drains who might be free therefrom. At a little distance from the outside walls at Glaed Hame is alazed earthenware which receives the rainwater, an open channel of b running into it from the roof by the customary downspouts. From this another channel similarly formed carries the water to a small pond in the garden; so even the rainwater is not allowed any chance of becoming a menace to health in underground drains, but is always open to observation and running in open channels which can be brushed out and cleaned with perfect ease as often as necessary. It will be seen from the plans of The Coppice that the conditions laid down by the site and by the client were similar to those at Glaed Hame. Both houses, facing south, looked out over a beautiful pastoral landscape. The chief difference between the
LlllbL.
A,,.:?.., UCcYyy 1s LIICXL c11L. y.y-J
Coppice must be from t whereas. as I have said, Glaed Hame is from the north. At The Coppice exceptional isolation of the kitchen premises was par-------I
554
. ,--,
J,,.Y,.Y 1 EAST LIVING ROOM, SHOWING ELEVATIONS. AND
FIREPLACE
STAIRWAY.
Barry Parker
and Raymond
Umuin, Architects.
THE COPPICE, SOUTH AND EAST LETCHWOBTH, AND WEST ENGLAND EL!JVATIONS. OF THE :
SHOWING SOUTH SAME
ELEVATIONS
DWELLING.
TWO WAY
VIEWS IN
OF THE
HALL
AND
STAIR-
THE
COPPICE,
LETCHWORTH.
THE Oti?
COIPICE INTO THE OF
: VIEW DINING LIVING
FROM ROOM ROOZf,
LIVISG ASD
ROOM HALI..
CORNER FIREPLACE.
SHO\VING
LITTLE VIEW
MOLRWOOD,
HERTFORD, ELEVATION. INTO
ENGLAND:
OF SOUTHWEST FROM HALL
LOOKING
LIVING
ROOM.
SHOWING HALL
CHARMING
ARRANGEMENT
OF
AT LTTTLE FROM
NOLEWOOD. LIVING ROOM INTO HALL.
LOOKING
BUILDING
IN
RELATION
TO
SITE
titularly wished, and a greater distance than is usual in a house of this size between the principal living rooms and the kitchen. It was the wish of the client to be quite out of ranoe of the kitchen sounds and smells, and also that the servants should live more independent lives than they could if in closer proximity. The most definite determinin factor in the plan for The Coppice was a charming little woo B which occupies the northwest corner of the plot of ground. The right thing obviously was that the house should surround this on two sides, that the owner might enjoy glimpses into the cool recesses of this wood from the windows they would constantly pass or sit near. The difficulty was to secure to the full the charm this wood could give to the whole of the house, at the same time throwing out the principal windows on the south and view side. Nothing in the nature of a generally accepted arrangement for the rooms in a house of this size would have given all we sought. To adopt such would have resulted not only in losin the charms of the wood, but relegating the wood, as it were, to the % ack regions of the house, and the ground between the wood and the house would necessarily have partaken of the character of a backyard. We tried to gain these peeps into the wood as well as the outlook to the south for the principal rooms, but found this to be impossible except by means of a plan too stragglin to be compatible w&h economy m building, with consideration of tEe labor involved in the working of the house, and with the dimensions of the plot of ground. So we were obliged to rest contented with windows in the hall and study looking into the wood; we placed one of these windows in the hall where it created vistas from the principal rooms terminating in the wood, and so planned the kitchen wing that the land between the wood and the house did not partake of the character of a backyard but became a little secluded garden enclosed by the house on two sides and the wood on a third. So it is with an architects work generally. It, resolves itself into balancing advantages, and his critics generally discover advantages he has failed to secure and disregard those alternative ones he has thou ht greater and therefore preferred to gain. $ o return to the oints of similarity between the plans of Glaed Hame and The 8 oppice, Both these houses have a room set aside for takin meals in, but often a more charming effect can be obtained if the 8 ining room is so reduced in dimensions that it becomes a mere dining recess, openin off the living rooms. In many houses this may be done with the aiivantages of economy and added charm, the disadvantages being that the dining recess is not well adapted to other purposes than that of taking meals, and again there is the in561
TO
A MEADOW
LARK
convenience to those who serve, and cannot ass all round the table. Such recesses should have seats fixed a ainst tlre walls, and comfortably contrived for those who sit at the tabPf e. It should be possible to lay and clear the table in such a recess, and serve without enterin any other part of the living room, just as in the dining room at 5 laed Hame. In the designs for Little Molewood at Hertford, the two principal rooms are divided by large double doors in such a way that at will the two become one; this is fair1 clearly shown in the photora hs. At Glaed Hame and T ire Cop ice the dining room fs placed where east m-indows are possible; this% rings the mornmg sun with its cheering effects into the room where breakfast is taken. At Little Molewood there is no dining room, but an east window is assi ned to the living room. 4 he site for Little Molewood is a long narrow strip taken off the edge of a wood, with a rapid fall in a southerly direction. The a preach is from the northern end, so the conditions were not unlike tf ose under which the other two houses here illustrated were built. An interesting feature is the veranda with a balcony over it contrived on the southern and view side and under the main roof, yet not shadin important windows. The balcony is used for outdoor slee . . fi one but those who have experienced it can understand tI:e ztasure of sleeping in so airy and yet protected a spot and the resting effects of slee so enjoyed. I must not here enter upon these important consi Berations, but the airiest of rooms cannot give them.
TO A MEADOW
LARK
LITHE spirit of the mornin mead and skies! Caught in a web of song t%e diamond dews Bedeck thy melody ; the rose imbues Thy rapture with the color of its dyes ; The shade of earth and shine of aradise Commin led, dances in thy ligEtest mood; The lovePiness of cloud and stream and wood Forever mirrored in thy music lies! So sweet thy song the echoes in the dell Telling its silvery charms are never mute. So eager is thy singing, so elate, Ah, surely like the burnmg Israfel The heart of thee is all a livin lute . . . . Oh, hark, thou liftst earth to % eavens gate!
-EDWARD
WILBUR MASON.
5Q
THE HERMIT, THE KNIGHT AND THE JESTER: A STUDY IN VALUES: BY WALTER A. DYER
upon a time there was a nobleman who had three and when he felt the burden of years resting he called them to him and said: My sons, the time has come when you must go forth to seek your fortunes in the world, for I must soon leave it. I have but a small estate to divide among three, but there is enough so that each of you may start out with a coat on his back and silver in his purse. Each of you may choose his own course, but it will remain for you to prove yourselves worthy of the honorable name that is handed down to you. I have endeavored to teach you wisdom, virtue and prudence, but it will remain for you to decide how you will follow my teachings. For a young mans life is in his own keeping after he comes of age, and the privilege and the responsibility of choosing a career rest with him. Take time to think it over, my sons, and then come to me for my blessing. Now the eldest son was a man of keen intellect and great virtue. He saw all about him men striving and dying for wealth and fame. He had read much of what the ancient sages had taught of the vanity of the world. So at length he went to his father and said: Father, I have chosen my course. I have determined to become a scholar. I like not the world and its vanities ; I like not the senseless struggling of men for power; I will withdraw from it and devote my life to the culture of my mind, but I will not be selfish; when I have looked long into the hidden things of life I will become wise, and then I will give to the world of my wisdom, as did the philosophers of old. I will be a ood man as well as a wise one. I will live frugally and think loftily. 5 y dwelling in the realm of the ideal I will make myself a great teacher for mankind. The father nodded. Thou art a good son, quoth he. May what thou seekest come to pass. My blessing go with thee. So the eldest son took his share of the silver and his books, and departed. The second son was a man of vigor and ambition. He looked about him and saw that some men were great and some small, some rich and some poor, some surrounded wrth comfort and some wrth misery, some powerful and some puny, some masters and some servants. Why should a man choose poverty, obscurity and servitude, if wealth and fame and power were to be won? So he went to his father and said:
563
THE
HERMIT,
THE
KNIGHT
AND
THE
JESTER
Father, I have chosen my course. I have decided to be a soldier. I have a strong arm and I fear nothing. I will fi ht my way to fame % all be raised up so and power. The king shall hear of me, and I s that thou shalt be proud of thy son. And when I am a master of men I will not be cruel, but all men shall look up to me, and I shall be honored in the land. The father nodded, Thou art a brave son, quoth he. May what thou seekest come to pass. My blessing go with thee. So the second son took his share of the silver and bought a coat of mail, a lance, a sword, a plumed helmet and a coal-black charger, and set off for the wars. But the youngest son was a gentle youth who loved life as he found it. He hated not the world, nor did he long for power. He would rather laugh than sigh, rather sing than fight. For all that, he was no weakling, and he desired earnestly that his life might be worth the living. For many days he pondered, and then he went to his father and said: Father, I cannot choose my course. I am neither a scholar nor a fighter like my brothers. I wish to lead a worthy life and make the world a little better, but I know not how to begin. The King has sent for me to be his jester, because he has heard that I have a ready wit, but a jester is not a man of honor among his brethren. He makes no stir in the world. What shall I do? Now the youn est son had his mothers eyes, and his father loved him best of the t%ree. The father gazed at him fondly for a long time, and then said: My son, much reading of books may not make a man wise, and much spillin of blood may not make him great. Whatsoever a mans heart % iddeth, so is he, whether he wear corselet, gown, or motley. Life is a various compound, and the wise man considereth not one ingredient alone. It matters not what garb or what trade a man chooseth, so that he choose also righteousness, honesty, kindness, open-heartedness, simplicity, tolerance, a clean mind, a sweet spirit, a lofty vision and good will toward men. Go to the King and be his jester; it cannot hurt thee while thy soul is in thine own keeping. For it is the life of the soul, not the deeds of the mind or of the arm that counts. My blessing go with thee. So the third son set forth, very humbly, for the palace of the King; and his father watching him depart rejoiced, for humility is the begmnin of greatness. %h en twenty years had passed, and the old nobleman slept with his fathers, a traveler from a distant land passed by a hermits cave in the mountains. He saw the scholar within poring over his books, 9%
THE
HERMIT,
THE
KNIGHT
AND
THE
JESTER
and being a student of men the traveler made inquiry as to what manner of man the hermit was. He found that the hermit had gained renown throughout the land as a man of learning, but that no had made him morose. Much one loved him. Much broodin solitude had given him but littP e understanding of his fellowmen, and they could not understand him. When he tried to teach the people philosophy, he failed. He is a dreamer, they said. A wasted life, quoth the traveler, and passed on. One day he came to a town where there was a sound of tramping horses, and presently, with much omp, a troupe of men-at-arms rode by, and all the peo le stood an(P gaped after them. At their head rode a knight of for %idding visage, on a coal-black charger. Who is that ? inquired the traveler. They told him that the knight was a mighty soldier, who had come back from the wars with much wealth and great renown. But the people did not love him, and when he gave alms he bestowed also fear. Much fightin had hardened his heart. He had climbed to power on the necks of f riend and foe. His career had left him no time for the finer things of life. -4 fool for all his greatness, uoth the traveler, and passed on. R ere the Kings palace was. And At length he came to the city w as he paused before the inn, a jester passed, in his silly ca and bells. With the jester were children, begging for a story, and Ke rebuked them not. An old woman stepped out quickly from a doorway and kissed the jesters hand before he could protest. And as he passed, the peo le smiled, and there was love and not mockery in the smile. Wfo is that fellow ? asked the traveler. That, replied the innkeeper, is the court fool. But do the people love a fool ? inquired the traveler. Yea, verily, quoth the publican, and told the traveler many a tale of the Kings jester, before the tavern door. It appeared that the jester, when he was not busy making laughter for the King and his court, had taken to wandering about the town and making laughter for the people. Now laughter is not a thin to be disregarded, and the people came to look for the ester wita joy. And soon they learned that beneath his wit lay a fun d of homely wisdom, and that beneath his motley beat a Chrrstian heart. And they began to come to him with their troubles, and he tried to show them how they could make their lives better worth while by living at peace with their neighbors and looking out for those things that feed the spirit. They be an to look for him as the looked for sunshine after a shower, an cf he failed them not. An i because he was only a jester, and not a great man, he and the people understood each other, and the town was better because he lived in it. 565
THE
HERMIT,
THE
KNIGHT
AND
THE
JESTER
I am from the East, uoth the traveler, and my ways are not your ways. I k now not wll at a esters work may be, but I know that I have seen a good man and a wise one. I have traveled far and seen many men of power and learning, wealth and fame and many men who profess much piety; but men of great soul are few. This man has turned his life to account, for the things of the spirit are better than the things of the body or of the mind. And the innkeeper, though he comprehended not the full purport of the wise mans words, nodded, smiling, for he, too, loved the Kings jester. OUTH is p lay time, and frivolity is condoned in the young; but I believe that the average young man-the everyday American-has more serious thoughts inside his head than he is given credit for, or than he himself would really acknowledge. When we are twenty-one we stand at the threshold of life, about to put away childish things and to become as men. We dont say much about it, but the thought disturbs us not a little. What of the future? What of our lives ? The majority of young Americans, as soon as they be.gin to take thought of the future, desire success above all else. But Just how to obtain success, and just what success is, puzzles them. Experience has not taught them; they must set sail on faitja. Then come the hard knocks, the disillusionings; dreams pale before the pitiless light of day. The struggle between idealism and materialism beginsa struggle bitter and to the death, which no poet has celebrated. No patron gods hover over the battlefield; no blare of trumpet or beat of drum stirs the weary heart to deeds of martial valor. No one cheers ; no one knows, But because the fi ht is universal and vital and because all the future depends upon t%e outcome, I venture to invade the realm of the common lace and talk of these things. When I was twenty-one I left tf: e shelter of college halls, e ul ped, more or less adequately, with ho e, ambition and ideals. 34it me were the band of my fellows, an B we went our several ways to seek our fortunes. Well, it has been a blind sort of .a seeking for most of us, and I have sometimes felt that, for all our outhful self-confidence and wilfulness, the way might have been ma (s e a little plainer. The teachers of our youth are all too often men of the study and the cloister, and it is hardly to be expected that non-combatants can successfully teach the art of war. I do not know the remedy for this, but I feel that it is a defect in our educational system. Ideals the tau ht us-ideals of honor, of altruism, of service, of scholarly a nJ intetectual attainment. For this we thank them. They told
5%
THE
HERMIT,
THE
KNIGHT
AND THE
JESTER
us that these things were the desiderata of life, and that it was our duty and rivile e to be better than our fellowmen, and by our example to P ead tEem on to better things. A delightful feeling of self-complacency this Gave us, to be sure, but it was short-lived. When we left the protection of Alma Mater, and got into the thick of the struggle for existence, then did the disconcerting truth burst upon us that somehow our lofty ideals did not square with the facts of life as we found them. We discovered that, with all our degrees and our self-sufficiency, we were but privates in the army. Over us were captains of tens and captains of hundreds and somewhere away above them were the great generals. We seemed a bit handicapped in our mission of purifying society. When some of the conceit had been knocked out of us, we began to ask ourselves if we had not made some mistake in judgment and motive. Perhaps we were on the wrong road, after all. Success seemed to lie up another street. The crowd seemed to be goin another way-on up the hill of material prosperity. If we change fii our course a bit, we might reach a height where noble deeds would be possible; there was nothing noble in life in the valley. And so some of us turned and went with the crowd, and have become knights of greater or less renown, not without damage to our immortal souls. And some of us have set our faces against the stream, and sought some quiet back-water, there to remam, hermitlike, embittered against this wrong-headed old world. And some, I ho e, have chosen a golden mean, striving, without loss of ideals, to taii e life as we find it and make the best of it. There are things in life that are worth while and things that are not worth while. I construct this platitude for the sake of an axiomatic starting-point. If we are at all thoughtful, we desire to attain to those things that are worth while and to disre ard those things that are not worth while. We are not of those foolis% ones who spend their labor for that which satisfieth not. But it is not always so easy to determine what things are worth while iti 1iFeand what are not. Especially is the answer obscure to the young man of small experience. It might not be such a bad idea if every final examination pa er for the Bachelor of ,4rts degree were to bear the question, vtk at is worth while in life ? It seems to me I recollect puzzling over questions less important than that. Let us consider what the correct answer would be. I dont know whether it is deplorable or not, but it is true that academic idealism and the actualities of life do not ibe. In its undiluted form this idealism is essentially fallacious. The Brahman may attain Heaven through contemplation, but not the twentieth567
THE
HERMIT,
THE
KNIGHT
AND
THE
JESTER
century American. Pure idealism fails because it is theoretical. It belongs to the millenium, not to the present. It takes into account a single force; it does not allow for the variations of the needle. But there is a vast difference between ideals and idealism, just as there is between sentiment and sentimentality. It is in the confusion of these that the error lies. No sane man will deplore ideals. They are worth while. Materialism, on the other hand, is e ually fallacious, and for similar reasons. It takes no account of t ll e human soul, and that tells the whole story. And that we have souls is proved by the very fact that these problems perplex us. If we were soulless, we should all be out-and-out materialists or utter fools. Now, then, we arrive at the fundamental question. How can we nurture our souls, in spite of the materialism about us, without ractical swinging over to ineffectual idealism? How may the ambition and the loftier vision be made to work in double Karness 3 How can we find the golden mean-the harmonizing rays in the picture? Those are questions we must answer for ourseP ves, accordmg to our individual needs and circumstances; but if we have surely formulated the problem in its personal application, we shall have taken a long step toward the goal. The jester in the parable worked it out in his way; you and I must work it out in ours. And it will help us if we study the lives of those men about us who seem truly admirable, for the world is not all bad, and there are tens of thousands who have not bowed the knee to Baal. For the young man who is choosing a career, the first question is, what is success ? There is time enough ahead; let him sit down and consider it. Who is a successful man ? Is it Ryan or Rockefeller, with all their wealth? Is it Parson Prayerful, that pious man, whose wife is ashamed of her last years bonnet? All the wise men of all the ages have pointed out the folly of riches. I can add nothing to their scorn. Lay not u for yourselves treasures on earth is a maxim for all time and aP 1 countries. And yet money is a good servant, though a hard master. Money stands for much that makes life happier. Parson Prayerfuls family would be better off if he could provide a little more of it. It is the glorification of money, and the display of wealth and the blighting power of the quest that starve and warp the soul. And the very use of money seems to have a contaminating influence sometimes. A Hughes will give up an opportunity to make money for a seat on the Supreme Bench, and we say it is admirable; a Guggenheim will pay out money for a seat in the Senate, and we say It IS despicable. 568
THE
HERMIT,
THE
KNIGHT
AND
THE
JESTER
Money is not to be scorned when it is a good servant. Fame is not to be scorned when it is honestly won. Position is not to. be scorned when it is an honorable one. The hermit is a fool for all his learning. It is the slavery to these things that crushes the soul. These are not profound conclusions, but rather suggestive hints to set the young man thinking. For my object is to give some young man God-speed on the right road. The vast importance of formulating the pur ose, defining the ideals, and clarifying the vision in youth, cannot 1 e overestimated. Nine-tenths of lifes actions, say psycholoists, depend upon habit. The im ortance of forming the right fi abits of thought is self-evident. A ralse step at the beginning of a career means much labor or disaster later. That youth is wise who early recognizes the importance of his own soul, and who makes an investment in the true and the lofty, as he would start a bank account. I beg your pardon, my young friend. You do not like preaching; neither do I. But its a serious sort of business-this making the best of it-even for a jester, and it pays to look life in the face now and then, and get acquainted with it. And if we do not cramp our souls with sordid aims, and if we do not shut out the world from our souls because we disapprove of it, we can find much that is good in life-good people, ood books and beauty everywhere. We mustnt neglect our souls, t%ats all. And dont be discouraged if the world seems obstinate and does not respond to your efforts to reform it. Try helping some one person toward the richer life; its easier and more satisfactory. I knew a man once, who was, as I look back upon his life, a success. He was a newspaper editor in a small New England city, and his salary needed much nursing to provide for the needs of his family. His life was not an easy one, and there were heart-wearyin things in it; but he was known as a man of lau hter and sunshine. !ii e was, too, a man of intellect and wisdom, ancf in his youth he had dreams of literary achievement, I believe. Circumstances deprived him of the realization of those dreams, and he never won what he deserved. And yet, I say, his life was not in vain, for through it all his soul grew large and kind. He loved beauty, and the roses in his yard bloomed for him as though they felt the virtue of his touch. His heart was a fountain of perpetual youth, and he helped people to laugh and to sing. He did good deeds, and stood for truth and right in his community. He drew to him the love of men and the gratitude of women, and when he died there was mourning in other homes than his own. I think I would prefer a little more of the ease of life than he had. It is less difficult for the soul to grow in the broad sunshine. And yet I think I would like to be something like him, if I could.
THE BEAUTY OF OUTDOOR DRAMA PRESENTED BY THE COBURN PLAYERS
AS
HROUGH the blackness of the storm the wind blew a sinister morbid note; the blurred lights in the trees threw nervous uneven streaks of gray over the lost green of the grass. It was a night for fell purpose to accomThe eyes inevitably rested on the plish dark deeds. single open space sheltered by the light and bound by the heavy shadows and the roaring winds. Just as the storm seemed too wild, too unkind for human presence, out into the soft light from the dense background came slowly the figure of an old Standing silent for a moment he looked man in simple homely garb. out through the wandering shadows and the flickering light to the easer faces of the audience beyond, and then raisiqg his voice above the tumult of the winds, the old Peasant told in fair clear words the Euri ides great human drama. Standtragic story of Electra, ing, an earth-colored figure, so T itary in the rain, shadowed by the waving branches, he brought back the solemn tale of QUCCILClytemncstra, how she had forgotten her lord for the love of an alien, how she had neglected her children and forced them to grow up outcasts, and had brought about the marriage of the vengeful EZcctm to the A powerful story of vast tragedy, the humanpoor Peasant, himself. ness of thousands of years ago intimate with the humanness of the life of today. Through all the whirl of the wind and the cheerlessness of the rain, through dark intervening spaces and the crashing of branches the words of the old man in Euripides final tragedy reached the audience on the college campus, held them spellbound by beauty an d vividness until the storm was forgotten, or rather merged into the tumult of the drama. And when the Peasant ceased speaking, Ekctra found an absorbed ancl enthusiastic group of listeners as she came silently through the woods, clothed with the Greek mourning garb of deep purple and carrying on her shoulder a Greek water jar,-a slender figure to vesture such a wealth of vengeance, and yet her very slightness seemed wrought of woe, as pale and tense she cursed the woman, bred of Tvndareus, mv mother-on her head be curses! -* * * * * She*hath made &e nau ht; she bath made Orestes 6 Her words, her spirit of fury filled the light beneath the naught. trees and brought the people, out in the shadow, vith one accord within the circle of the tragedy, sympathetic, close. And as they watched, in a second the implacable figure, turning to the ancient man, Fvas metamorphosed into one of appealing tenderness, as Electra expressed her ceaseless gratitude to the old Peasant, her husband, My friend, my friend, as God might be my friend.
570
Electia (MRS. CODURN)

COBURN)
~kCft%
CROWNING Oresfes (MR. AFTER THE DEATH OF &$SfhS.
SLAYING
SEEKING TO CONS0I.E Ot-f?SteS AFTER THE OF Clyi04meSfYU.
OUTDOOR
DRAMA
BY
THE
COBURN
PLAYERS
ROM this the play sped on, warm and strong with those repeating human qualities that pour from century to century and filtering out into literature and art make sure the ciation of the sincere of all ages for the genius of all times. And t t us Euripides great human drama of ancient Greece gripped and held the attention of modern America. during the first presentation of Electra out of doors by those most sincere gracious compelling of modern stage folk, the Coburn Players. It was impossible not to contrast the performance of Euripides Electra with that of Strauss, given for the first time in New York last winter. The former seems inherent in the simplicity and primitiveness of outdoor surroundings; real with those qualities of human nature which must be vital to the end of time, and told, in the Gilbert Murray translation, so sincerely, almost in so homely a manner that the scenes out under the trees and close to the wet green earth seemed but life itself; while Strauss Electra, developed from the morbid Teutonic imagination , gave a series of pictures, artificial and unconvincing, almost loathsome, saved only for human consideration as it was lifted on the wings of splendid sound. &l-r. Coburns Ore&es is a strong convincing picture of a harassed soul ready for vengeance, yet tortured with the memory of a mothers tenderness. The understanding of the subtlety of stage management was realized to the fullest in Mr. Duncans ability the night of this first presentation to sink the tragedy of the play into the storm-driven surroundings, and gathering strength rather than losing by the wildness of the night. In contemplating the extraordinary modernity of Euripides attitude toward life one recalls with interest Chestertons conviction, in speaking of the work of Bernard Shaw, that it is only the man who has the courage to write in advance of his times who is bound to be easily forgotten, the natural inference being that a mans own times are inspiration enough for any sort of achievement. And in Electra one realizes. how completely Euripides must have written of what he knew most about. Hrs theme may have been tradition, but the people who carry the theme through the story are real people with qualities that the poet must have known through his own living experience and vital observation. It is because the Coburn Players, too, are close to actual life, sincere and sympathetic, that they can so fully realize the modern quality of Electra, and that they are also able to so completely trust to the sensitiveness of the American public to realize it with them.
great reap
573
PEOPLE WHO INTEREST US: X THE FIRST WOMAN TO RECEIVE HONORARY DEGREE FROM YALE
AN
HE news that Yale University has bestowed the honorary degree of M.A. upon Miss Jane Addams is significant, both because this is the first time m its history that such a degree has been given by this university to a woman, and because it is a dignified way of expressing the respect of the American people for this quiet woman who has worked hard at what she found to do; has shared, through her books, her vision with others, and has advocated from the beginning the common-sense method of brin ing B an about social reform b building it up from the bottom rather t approaching it from tite top. No comment is needed upon Miss Addams life and work at Hull House. It is pleasant to think that throughout the length and breadth of this country the people have taken such a keen interest in Hull House and what it stands for that they know all about it. But most people are less familiar with Miss Addams books, in which she has gathered the result of her ex erience, and which express the Tle has done. The knowledge ideal that has inspired everything s of human nature in the rough and of real conditions at the bottom of the social order, which Jane Addams has gained from her work among the immigrants at Hull House and in the streets, alleys and tenements in its neighborhood, forms a fair1 solid foundation upon which to build a theory of social reform. ly his theory was outlined in Miss Addams first book, Democracy and Social Ethics, and was given broader and more mature ex ression in Newer Ideals of Peace. Her latest book, The Spirit o P Youth and the City Streets, deals with the juvenile problem as it confronts us today, and suggests that it might not be so much of a problem after all if only the youngsters, native and foreign, were given a s uare deal. In reading Miss Addams boo1 s, the first thing that strikes one is their sunny and unquenchable optimism. Under all the suffering and sordidness she sees the great basic element of human kindliness. She sees the change that is taking place in the ideals of humanity; the turning of energy to constructive work instead of destructive warfare, and the growth of the new dynamic eace which embodies the later humanism. Speaking from the deptK s of close personal association with the immigrants who have come to seek their fortunes in this country, she fearlessly asserts that our hope for the future lies in the new and strong civilization that will grow out of the present commingling of nations on this continent. 574
JANE THE IN
ADDAMS: AUTHOR IDEALS CITY
THE OF
HEAD
OF HULL AND
HOUSE
IN
CHICAGO, RTHICS, OF YOUTH
DEMOCRACY
AND THE
SOCIAL SPIRIT
NEWER TEE
OF PEACE
STREETS.
0.
HENRY
(SYDNEY
PORTER):
THE
GREAT
AMERICAN
SHORT-STORY
WRITER.
0. HENRY (SYDNEY PORTER): ICAN STORY WRITER
THE
AMER-
SKED by a friend for an expression of the principles of his art, Mr. Porter said, Rule One is to write to please yourself. I have no Rule Two. In what degree the livin of his life was a conscious preparation for his wor f no one can say, but it is easy to see that all the years which passed before his first story found its way into a magazine were filled with experiences which proved to him a mine so rich that at his death the vein had never shown any sign of pinching out. Born in North Carolina, that most conservative of all the Southern States, he was by turns a cowboy in Texas, a newspa er reporter, a sojourner with the American expatriates in the Centra P American republics, a dis enser of soda water in a Southern city, finally becoming a resident oF New York. In his New York stories there is the power that for the moment enables the reader to picture that city as a modern Bagdad, rich in Haroun-al-Raschids and Blind Calenders. Sydney Porter was a rather stout man and somewhat heavy of face. He was forty-two years old when, on June fifth, nineteen hundred and ten, he died. By his pen name of 0. Henry he was known all over America as the author of several hundred short stories, each one notable. Seeing life as a series of incidents, he so ortrayed it, and never sought for any other medium of expression tR,an that which was so eminently adapted to his purpose. Always his stories were romantic in quality; it was the improbable that usually happened to his characters, but then they were always extremely probable sort of people. He never created a character which remained a definite image upon the mind of his reader, rather he sketched a lot of people of the most undistinguished type, cowboys who were just cowboys and men, shop girls who were just shop girls and women, and to these ha pened remarkable things. Nor is the charm of his stories depen x ent on local color, but, solely, it comes from his presentation of the romance of the common heart and the common life, leavened with the humor of the unexpected and a kindly tolerance for all those traits that go to make us neither more nor less than human. Of his own work he said: They say I know New York well. Just change Twentythird Street in one of my stories to Main Street, rub out the Flatiron Building and insert Town Hall, and the story will fit any up-State town just as well. So long as a story is true to human nature all you need to do to make it fit any town is to change the local color. An optimist ever, Mr. Porter, when he knew that he was dying, said to the hysician, Cant you prop up the pillows a bit. I don t want to go I: ome in the dark.
577
PEOPLE WHO INTEREST US: SIR HORACE CURZON PLUNKETT, IRISH LEGISLATOR AND AGRICULTURIST
OPLE who are making a study of the country life problem in America have been much interested in the suggestions made by Sir Horace Curzon Plunkett, who speaks with authority because he has spent so much time in this country that he is almost as familiar with conditions here as he is in Ireland, where he has done such notable work for the cause of agriculture and country life. His recently published book, The Rural Life Problem of the United States, is attracting wide attention because of its excellent summary of the cause and consequences of our neglect of rural life, and the keenness with which he points out what he calls the weak spot in American rural economy. This is the failure on the part of farmers to adopt good business methods of combination in farming and marketin . Speaking from the viewpoint of his experience in Ireland, Sir %Iorace urges warmly a reorganization of American a riculture upon coijperative lines. He admits the great usefulness of the many a encies already in existence, but declares that leadership is needed an5 also a keener appreciation of the mutual interests of the advocates of conservation and of rural reform. He roposes a combination of these two movements which so naturally &elong together, and the organization of a Country Life Association to work in direct coijperation with the Conservation Association, its object being to organize bodies of farmers for economic purposes and also for social advancement. Sir Horace Plunkett is famous as one of the modern redeemers of Ireland, where he has put into practice the same theories that he suggests as a solution for the American problem. He took a prominent part in forming the Agricultural Coiiperative Credit Association, which is today represented in Ireland by one thousand societies, and he is also active in the Agricultural Organization Society, which works along lines similar to those of our own Granges. The third son of an Irish peer, Sir Horace was educated at Eton and Oxford, and came to America about thirty years ago to recover his health on the Western plains, where he spent ten years as a ranchman. It goes without saymg that he is an ardent su porter of the conservation movement, and is in cordial sympathy witK the policies inaugurated by Mr. Pinchot and put into effect by Mr. Roosevelt. Conservation is to him the aramount issue of the present day, the development of agriculture Eeing only a part of the larger scheme because the land itself is the most important of our natural resources.
578
h
f
SIR
HORACE
CURZON AND
PLUNICETT:
IRISH
LEGISLATOR
AGRICULTURIST.
XENRY TN THE
S.
GRAVES:
CHIEP
FORESTER
GOVERNHENT
SERVICE.
PEOPLE WHO INTEREST US: HENRY S. GRAVES, CHIEF FORESTER IN THE GOVERNMENT SERVICE
ESIDENT TAFTS action in making a political sacrifice of Mr. Gifford Pinchot has rather he1 ed the R rough cause of conservation than harmed it because, t the National Conservation Association which he is forming, Mr. Pinchot is able to come into closer touch with the people than would have been possible had he remained a Government official, while the regular routine of the Government Service is being carried on along the precise lines laid down by him during his term of office, and under the direction of a man who gained his first practical experience of forestry as Mr. Pinchots pupil and assistant. Mr. Henry S. Graves took up the study of forestry at a time when there were not ten professional foresters in the whole United States. Like Mr. Pinchot, he had to go abroad for both theoretical and practical training, as it was impossible to obtain a thorough education m forestry in this country because American forestry possessed neither a science nor a literature of its own. Mr. Graves is a Yale man of the class of ninety-two. After he left colle e he took up a special course in forestry at Harvard, but finding it to %e insufficient for his needs, he went to Germany, where he spent some years studyin forestry in the University of Munich. Returnin to this country, a e Iomed forces with Mr. Pinchot, acting as his c% ief assistant in the experrmental days prior to the organization of the Government Service. In nineteen hundred Mr. Graves was ap ointed director of the Yale Forest School, and did gallant service to tKe cause of forestry by turnin out a number of thoroughly trained men who are now doing e& cient work in the Forest Service. Naturally, Mr. Graves work as Professor of Forestry kept him in close touch with every ste taken by Mr. Pinchot in the organization of the Service which witii in the past few years has become famous. Although his own work at Yale was lar ely academic, he took every o portunity to develop the practica P side of it, so that he is thorough P y conversant not only with the details of the Service, but with the broad outlines of the future work planned by Mr. Pinchot. Mr. Graves has identified himself with a number of local associations in this country, and has done much to arouse public interest in forestry. He is a member of the Academy of Sciences in Washington and also in Connecticut, and of the State Forestry Associations in Connecticut and New Hampshire. He also belongs to the American Forestry Association and to the Society of American Foresters.
581
WASTE LAND IN LONG ISLAND MADE INTO GOOD FARMS: PRACTICAL METHOD ADOPTED BY THE RAILROAD COMPANY TO DEVELOP ITS TERRITORY
HAT the farmer needs more than anything else is the application of straight business methods to the work of farming. Theoretical knowledge is excellent in its place, but its place is to serve as a background to good hard practical work that makes just as much of a business of cultivating the soil as the merchant makes a business of selling oods. Unless he wants to go into bankruptcy, the merchant must 1 eep his stock fresh and varied and in excellent condition, and must sell it promptly and to the best advantage. It re uires no great amount of theoretical or scientific II is, but it does require a knowledge of the goods knowled e to do t and of ta e market and an alertness which takes advantage of every opportunity. Just now there is a great and increasing effort to revive and improve farming in this country. The Government spends large sums of money upon experiment stations in which the most improved laboratory methods are applied to the reorganizing of soil conditions, to the discovery of the kind of crops most suited to each kind of land, and to the development of new varieties of fruits, vegetables and grains. Agricultural schools and colleges are providing an elaborate course of training for young men who wish to take up scientific agriculture, and rich men are spending fortunes upon their fancy farms in the effort to prove that the costly modern methods of fertilizing and cultivating can work miracles. Yet, in spite of it all the old-fashioned farmer goes stolidly on his way, cultivating the ground as his fathers did before him; refusing to countenance any newfangled contrivances ; planting the same old crops at the same old dates, regardless alike of the season, the fitness of the ground or the demands of the market, and sending his reduce to market dumped into barrels for the jobber to sort out andparrange for sale. So far most of the efforts of the Agricultural Department and of colleges have failed before the stolid conservatism of this kind of farmer, who jeers at all book farming and cherishes the belief that what was good enough for his father is good enough for him. Yet out in the pine barrens of Long Island a railroad company, bent only on extending its own business, is quietly doing the work, for within the past five or six years it has succeeded in revolutionizing the whole outlook of the Long Island farmer. The means it employs are simple, and philanthropy is not its reason for taking measures to develop the country.
582
WASTE
LAND
MADE
INTO
GOOD
FARMS
Six or seven years a o the Pennsylvania Railroad Company bought the little wanderin o k d-fashioned Lon Island Railroad, that possessed four hundre f miles of track and tEree divisions within the compass of a very moderate-sized island. It was a very hard road to manage, because both freight and assenger business fluctuated so tremendously at different seasons of t \ e year that during some months the road could hardly handle the traffic, while at other seasons hundreds of unused cars were stored away to await the time when they should be needed again. The coast line is thick with villa es, and there are a great many farms in the interior, but in the midd 7e of the Island and on some parts of the north shore are over two hundred thousand acres of unused and apparently useless land known as the ine barrens and the scrub-oak waste. It is a desolate stretch o P country, burnt over nearly every ear and growing on1 a kind of low bush commonly called scrub oa %, and the commercial P y useless yellow or loblolly pine. It was a territory the reverse of profitable to the railroad, but instead of accepting the conditions as inevitable, as had been done for enerations on Long Island, Mr. Ralph Peters, who had been made $ resident of the Long Island Railroad when it came under Pennsylvania management, set his brain to work to find out how this country could be made of some use to a common carrier that was suffering for steady and well-organized business. T IS said of Mr. Peters that he is resident of a railroad because he has the ift of finding out eatYl mans capacity and putting I him in the pP ace where he can do his best work. He had one man who was doing pretty good work as publicity a ent, but after several talks on the condition of the interior of Long 5 sland, it struck Mr. Peters that Mr. H. B. Fullerton would be just the man to undertake the development of that barren tract into ood farming country. 7 ture, although he had Mr. Fullerton knew a good deal about a ricu never attended an agricultural college an5 had ver little theoretical training. For many years he had been intereste(I in the cause of good roads, so he had a retty thorough knowledge of the country, especially through New P ork State. Moreover, he is a Western man, in fact, an ex-cowboy from Texas. The pioneer training was his from start to finish, and there were few difficulties that he could not meet and cope with on at least equal terms. He saw the situation as it existed in Long Island, and he and Mr. Peters fully believed that it was uite possible, if only they went to work in the right wa , to turn the w % ole country into good productive farms that would supp 9 y the New York market with fresh produce and incidentally would give the Long Island Railroad plenty of freight to carry all the year round, 583
WASTE
LAND
MADE
INTO
GOOD
FARMS
-to say nothing of the passenger service that would result from the settling of the country. So the two men agreed that the best way to begin the creation of all this new business for the railroad was to pick out the worst spot in the whole island and establish there a demonstration farm which should be an object lesson to the whole country. The most unpromising spot was selected intentionally and, by the same shrewd intention, the methods to be employed on the demonstration farm were precisely those that might be employed by any farmer who chose to make an effort to keep up with the times, or by any city man who wanted to get his family out into the country but who had very little money to put into the ex eriment. The first demonstration farm of ten acres was establishecp at Wadin River in nineteen hundred and five, and the second was started at l&edford not long afterward. The methods of cultivation have been the same on both. After the stumps were dynamited out,-and in some cases the stumps ran almost up to eight hundred per acre,-the ground was immediately plowed and sown to rye, which in turn was plowed under to act as reen fertilizer. As the ground was not worn out, being virgin soil that a ad never been under cultivation, no chemical fertilizer was used or needed. Ten tons of manure to the acre were put on, with a sufficient quantity of lime and wood ashes to get the ground into good shape for planting. HE object of the demonstration farm has been to prove that all fruits and vegetables native to the tern erate zone may be grown on Long Island; to discover and appf y the most practical and effective remedies for the destruction of injurious insects and the conquering of diseases; to introduce the kind of cultivation and plant selection that will produce the biggest and most marketable crops, and to devise a method of packing and marketing that will make it ossible to send farm produce fresh and in perfect condition direct rom producer to consumer without the intervention of the middleman. F The idea took hold slowly. Mr. Fullerton and his wife,-who is also his active partner and most efficient he1 er in this enterprise,lived at Huntington and divided their time iietween the two experimental farms, having a foreman in charge of each one. The workmen were reduced to the lowest possible number, and it was discovered that three men, with a few well-selected pieces of modern farm machinery, could keep in perfect condition a farm of ten acres, every foot of which was cultivated by intensive methods. Within the past month Mr. and Mrs. Fullerton have moved their home to the farm at Medford, which is to be increased to eighty acres, and which will require the greater part of their time. Durmg the past five years they
584
WASTE
LAND
MADE
INTO
GOOD
FARMS
have proven by means of heavy successful and rofitable crops that land regarded as waste and barren ever since tiie Revolution could raise three hundred and eighty varieties of plant rowth; that early crops, which are by far the most rofitable, could %e easily mana ed by the exercise of a little care an f judgment, and that pests and %iseases were by no means ineradicable rf only the farmer would take the trouble to use preventive measures instead of relying upon more or less laborious and costly cures. For the first year the attitude of the neighbors was sus icious and critical. They distrusted any enterprise set on foot %y a railroad. Outside people knew very little about it, but now and then some anxious ex erimenter went to see how the farm was coming on. Then Mrs. Fullerton wrote the story of the farm in a little book called The Lure of the Land, and a monthly bulletin called The Agronomist was also started as a record of the farm operations. Then people began to take notice. Visitors came more and more frequently; Government and State agriculturists, Senators and Congressmen, teachers from agricultural colleges and progressive farmers from all over the country. By degrees the native farmer found out that help, readily and cordially extended and costing nothing, was to be had from Mr. Fullerton when root maggots, cut worms or San Jose scale threatened their vegetables and fruit trees. Next, eo le began to come from the city and, finding how easily and chea ly t%lP e and could be cleared and planted, bought small tracts, ran up f ittle shacks or set down portable houses, and went to work at farming as a side issue for week ends or vacation seasons. Most of these occasional farmers have become, or are rapidly becoming, permanent residents, and more are coming every month. NE of the most important parts of the demonstration farm business is the marketing of fruits and vegetables so that they reach Brooklyn and New York in the best possible condition. This is done by means of hampers, each one of which is filled with six baskets of assorted vegetables, small fruits and salads. These are shipped at seven oclock in the morning and are delivered at their destination in plenty of time for luncheon. Since the institution of this simple and direct method of supplying city dwellers with fresh farm produce, the demand has grown so rapidly that it taxes both demonstration farms to their utmost ca acity to supply even a small part of it,-a state of affairs which ma\ es the object lesson to others all the more ointed, and which has set the railroad people to talking about the aBvisability , of establishin a special service and a town % e middle of the island. depot for handling farm stuff from t
585
Two CRAFTSMAN DESIGNS : A CEMENT HOUSE AND A SHINGLED BUNGALOW
HE greater part of the requests for house plans that come to us suggest that we publish in each number of THE CRAFTSMANdesigns for an inexpensive and unpretentious house that would come within the reach of very moderate means, and also a larger house at more considerable cost for the benefit of home builders whose families would overflow the smaller dwelling. Therefore, for
CRAFTSMAN
of making a very handsome and substantiallooking house. The extensive use of cement is bringing about a new style of building that has developed from the peculiarities of this material, which are essentially the same as those of concrete in that the effect should properly be that of forms which have been run in molds. Therefore, severe simplicity and a certain effect of massiveness are essential, and we design all the Craftsman cement houses with the idea of expressing this quality and making it decorative. Except that we do not often use the flattened arch, the style of building in concrete or cement is approaching closer and closer to the modern Mission architecture of California. xaturally, we dispense with the Moorish characteristics of the style, because these would not be in keeping with the surroundings in the eastern part of the country, confining ourselves rather to straight lines and a very moderate use of the arch in the endeavor to pr(F duce a house so simple that it would look well - in any surroundings. The cement house &!2os?df Gf!z%!zS be from $8,500 to $9,500, is an excellent example of what we mean. The lines are all straight and severe, the pillars and parapets being plain and the walls broken only by the careful groups of windows. All look of bareness in the upper part of the house is taken away by the effect of the widely overhanging roof with its exposed rafters, heavy beams and the large brackets which support it. The roof itself is of ruberoid, and is finished at the eaves with a trough of wood that serves as a gutter. The rafters are revealed. and each is capped with a strip of wood
FIRST NO.
FLCOR l?LAN:
9s. several months past we have been publishing in each issue two houses covering these requirements. We have for the most part chosen concrete or cement on metal lath as the material for the larger house, because these are proving themselves more and more to be both inexpensive and durable as building materials, with the additional advantage 5%
CRAFTSMAN SLEEPING CORNER TAPESTRY
CE.\IENT BALCONIES
HOUSE, ANLI
SHOWING TERRACES:
PORCHES, NO.. 9. OF
OF LIVING BRICK.
ROOM,
SHOWING
FIREPLACE
. . .. .-
, .:,I
__.i .I ; .I
;:-
CRhFTSMAN ING
SHINGLED TERRACE LOOKING
HOUSE OPEN INM
: SHOWING TO THE DINING
INTERESTNO. 96.
ROOF AND ROOM,
SKY. ALCOVE
LIVING
\vhich serves as a batten to cover the joints of the roofing. Mow, the severe square of the house is broken by a veranda that is partly open to the sky and partly roofed in. This veranda is floored with red cement marked off in squares, ant1 in front has much the appearance of a terrace, as it is shield,ed only by a low para,pet crowned with flower boxes. At either side . of the house the veranda is sheltered by a roof which forms the floor of the sleeping balcony ahove. These balconies are also shielded by parapets surmounted with flower boxes, SO that the cots or low beds are concealed from view. The balconies are open to the sky, but could be covered with awnings if desired. The exposed windows and the entrance door are sheltered by cement hoods constructed like the walls and extending outward in a graceful sweep that not only protects the windows and door, but adds a distinctly decorative feature to the walls. These hoods are supported upon heavy timber brackets, and the same supports are used beneath the balconies, where the timber construction is left exposed as it is in the roof. The inside of the house is arranged in the typical Craftsman way, the entrance hall being merely suggested as a division between the dining room and living room. As a matter of fact, the whole lower part of the house is open, with the exception of the kitchen and pantry at the back and the den at one side of the living room. The staircase, although it is apparently placed in the entrance hall, is really a part of the living room. which is divided from the hall only bv the massive overhead beam that ma;ks the bonndarv of the living room -4 coat closet takes up a few feet proper. of space in the corner of the room just beside the stairs, and there is plenty of space for a huilt-in seat in the suggested recess formed bv the stairway. The living room is verv plain and simple as regards woodwork and other finish, but if the wood be properly selected and treated the room will have a greater beauty than could be riven by a far more elaborate arrangement. The walls are wainscoted with wide Vjointed boards to the height of the frieze.
CRAFTSMAN SECOND
CEMENT
HOUSE NO. 95.
FLOOR PLAN:
and the big square chimneypiece of tapestry brick extends only to the same line, which thus runs unbroken all around the room. Above this line ,the chimneypiece is plastered like the ceiling and frieze with rough sand-finished plaster, tinted in any soft subdued tone that may harmonize with the woodwork. Large groups of windows light the room at both ends, and glass doors on either side of the fireplace lead to the porch and into the den. This little room is meant as a study, sewing room or smoking room according to the requirements of the family. Where the arrangement of the house is so open that the general living rooms are thrown all in one, it is always desirable to have some little place separate from the rest. The common life of the family is delightful, but solitude at times is an absolute necessity to most people. On the opposite side of the entrance hall is the dining room, lighted in front with a group of windows like that in the living room. A glass door opens on the porch, and on either side of this door are china closets so built that the two fill the place of a sideboard. besides providing fo,r the storage of fine glass, china and silver. A door at the back of the room leads through the butlers pantry, with its ice,.hos and builtin dresser, to the kitchen, which is equipped with all modern conveniences and which opens upon a small cement porch that in summer may be used as an outside kitchen. Upstairs the arrangement of rooms is verv simple, every inch of space being utilized and the convenience of th,e family closely studied. All four of the bedrooms !lave glass doors openinc upon the balconies, and another door in the corner of each one leads to a small hall which com589
CRAFTSMAN
COUKTRY
HOUSES
I CBAPTSYAN SHINGLED HOUSE: FLOOXPLAN: NO.96.
municates with the bathroom at the front. The small bungalow (No. 96)) costing from $4,000 to $5,c0o, is a characteristic Craftsman house. As we would build it. split cypress shingles are used for the walls, and the foundation is of split field stone. A broad terrace open to the sky takes the place of a veranda in front, and the vestibule projects upon this terrace. The roof, which has a very wide overhang, is made of ruberoid battened at the joints, and its line is broken by the broad low dormer with its group of casement windows, a feature that adds greatly to the structural interest of the building. The small vestibule, which has a seat on one side and a coat closet on the other, is lighted by two casements set high in the wall and also by the lights in the upper part The framing of door and of the door. windows is unusual and v,ery effective, as it brings the whole front of the yestibule into one structural group. The vestibule opens into a small passageway, from which a door on one side leads to a den shut off from the rest of the house, and an open doorway on the other communicates with the living room. The arrangement of living room and dining room is much the same as in other Craftsman houses, save that the large fireplace nook in the living room occupies a central position in the house, and also makes a deep recess in the room itself. The living room is wainscoted to the height
of the frieze, and the windows and door openings are so placed that the line around the room is unbroken. The top of the wainscot is finished with a square beam instead of a plate rail, and the partition between dining room and living room is indicated by the usual post and construction. There is panel only one group of windows in the living room, but that is SO large that almost the entire front wall appears to be of glass, and the room is well lighted. In the dining room the walls are wainscoted clear to the ceiling, and a group of windows similar to that in the living room gives plenty of light and a pleasant sense of airiness. The sideboard, which is built in below _ a row of casement windows, occupies the whole end of the room, the whole fitment being a combination of sideboard and china closets. The china closets extend to the ceiling, and the sideboard, which is fifteen feet long, projects several inches beyond the closets, the greater width being made necessary by the length. Being a bungalow, all the rooms are on one floor, the two bedrooms and a goodsized bathroom occupying the greater part of the space at the rear of the house. The kitchen is small but well equipped, and a large pantry adds greatly to the convenience This is of the housekeeping arrangements. an important item in the planning of a modern bungalow, because with the constantly increasing difficulties of the domestic problem the mistress of the house is likely at any time to be thrown upon her own resources. This is by no means such a misfortune as it was in the days before the invention of modern conveniences lightened the labors of the housewife, but It is still sufficiently serious to make it well worth while to take this question particularly into account in planning a house. It is considered in every one of the Craftsman houses, which are so arranged that the housework may be done with as few steps as possible, and so finished and furnished that they are easily kept clean and in order. The woodwork is so treated in the beginning that all the renovation it requires can be done by wiping it over with a cloth dipped in the same finish.
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
OU see here an Electric Suction Cleaner which weighs but ten pounds
instead of sixty. The RICHMOND Ca~rtAn cl~~n~r PnghlPr vnn nnw
!
,
for the first time, to clean by electricity,
without
eighty pound machine from room to room-up sents as great an advance over heavy weight vacuum cleaners as these For it is the only really portable cleaners represented over brooms.
a sixty or 4 1 It repreand down stairs. lugging

_
Suction Cleaner.
~nufactured Exclusivelyfor the RICHMOND SAI EC m BY
-0 one One (he
(II
:? 1
.qu
TEIE M%RTJM-HOWELL Co. Psrk A%.%Y? Q.* lTi.r.2 FortnriPP Manufacturers of

1 ..L --.-----
ai!
at Uniontown, PR.at Norwirh. Corm.at Raoine, Wia.at Chiraeo, Ill.
R~~HXOND Bailem nud Radiators. Rrcrr~oso I%n~meled Ware. Rath Tubs. Xi&s. Lavatories, R1rrrmo~~(3uds hlnknrs.R~caHa~n (oncenled Transom L i f t,r , a n d RICHMOND Stationary Vacuum Cleaning Rywtems.
Anvone -Who Can Afford Brooms Can Now ---- Affordthe Best Suction CleanerMade:
All that any Vacuum Cleaner or SUCtiOU Cleaner can do, the -RICHMONDdoes. And it does, besides, some things which no otter machine can do. Yon can, for example, use the *RICHMONDSuction Cleaner with or without hose. The hose attachment slides off and on with the same ease that your foot slides into an easy
Slip off the hose and $II have a floor machine which weighs no more than a common carpet sweeper. The every day work of rug and carpet cleaning--of cleaning hard wood floors, tile floors, hearths, bath-rooms, porches, etc., can be done either with or without the hose.
slipper.
Slip on the hose, and the ten pound RICHMONDrequired to put this ten pound cleaner in your home. with its six special cleaning tools (all furnished Just send us your name and address and we will E-p extra cost) cleans hangings, w;a:; have delivered to your door without one penny of $ bedding, upholstery, clothing, expense to you--without obligation of any kind-a und&eath radiators, furniture, etc. It i; RICKMOSD Suction Clea~~~rs~~ui~n,~~~~~ also supplied w it h a special attachment for hair drying, day and we will include Sole Selling Agents p i 11 ow renovating, with our reply a handetc. someillustrated booklet. Dept. 24,160 Broadway, New York City, N. Y.
A Postage Stamp the Only Cost
The Richmond
Sales Co.
~ooE~.~~~~ %2!
RICHMOND SALES CO.. Dept. 24. 160 Broadway. New York I would like to have a RICHMOND Electric Suction Cleaner demonsarated in my home, providrd it places me under no obliaation whatever.
MY Electric Light Co. in ____._
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xvi1
CRAIYFJUAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARIMENI
N DESIGN AND COLOR-IN TEXTURE and durability--in thorough, painstaking workmanship, the HARTFORD SAXONY R U G S most nearly approach the famous Oriental masterpieces so valued for their artistic qualities and long wear, yet their cost is about one-fourth.
rugs fully meet the most exacting and varied requirements of the artistic home maker. The designs embody the quaint and ornate symbolism of Eastern artists as well as the more simple and severe schools, employing masses of rich, soft, solid color and conventional border effects.
We will send you a booklet showing a wide variety of patterns in their actual colors. This booklet gives you a rug exhibit in miniature from which to select. Ask on a postal card.
E. H. SAXONY
41 Union Square New York
Kindly mention The Craftsman ... XVlll
A REDWOOD
BUNGALOW
A CALIFORNIA BUNGALOW THAT MIGHT BE BUILT IN THE EAST AT VERY MODl?RATE COST
A CALIFORNIA BUNGALOW, BUILT OF REDWOOD.
HE list of California bungalows illustrated and described in THE CRAFTSMAN .is growing to be a long one, for these charming inexpensive little dwellings come so close to answermg the requests sent in by our readers for plans and suggestions which will help them to build a charming and comfortable home at moderate cost, that we are glad to give as many examples of them as we can. Of course, it is possible to build more cheaply in California than it is in the East. Yet a house like this, built wieh a view to economy and under the direct supervision of the owner, should come wMi.in a very moderate sum. The author of the-article vouches for the cost of the house, $i,sso. This is probably less than the cost of a similar house built anywhere in the neighborhood of New York, but at all events it gives us a basis upon which to form an estimate, allowing for the difference in the cost of labor and building material,-a difference ~vhich need not be so great if only the Eastern bungalow is built under as simple conditions as those which usually prevail in California. Cypress or cedar would probably be the best substitutes for the redwood shingles and beams used in the exterior of the house, and the interior woodwork could be of any one of our less expensive native woods. Chestnut is perhaps the most effective for such a purpose, and by selecting the boards
from the grade known as sound wormy it is possible to get it very cheaply. These boards, while they are spoiled for first-class stock by the existence of a few worm holes, are not disfigured or harmed in any way that would make them undesirable for interior woodwork, and the effect of a room finished with this grade of chestnut is quite as beautiful as if the most expensive grade were used. There are numberless economies that suggest themselves during the actual building of the house, and its final cost depends very largely upon the personal interest taken by the owner in the work of construction ant1 the extent to which he is able to control the outlay. TMtling a house is not unlike keeping a motor car. \vhich is a vcrv expensive affair if the charges of chauf?eur and garage are inclu(lc(l. but is moderate when the pwner runs it nnfl looks after the repairs himself.
AN INEXPENSIVE RUNGALO\l : HELEN LUKENS GAUT TIY
often raisec! regarding of the California bunHere is one galow for use in the East. constructed so thoroughly that it would he c.omfortable through the severest Eastern winter, and would stand all the changes of the Eastern climate. .2lthough built in California, it has a cellar and furnace. double floors and a lining of heavy building paper between the walls for protection against the weather. The furnace room is placed directly in the center of the house, so that long reaches of pipe are avoided and all the 591
question is T HE the adaptability
-4 REDWOOD
RUNGALOV
kitchen, because it is used as such during the greater part of the year. There is no pantry, but a good-sized dish cupboard opening into the kitchen and a recessed buffet built into the wall of the dining room. As it was necessary to build the house very inexpensively, the interior woodwork is of pine, given a dark finish ver! much the color of Flemish oak, in the living room and dining room, while the woodwork in the bedi-ooms is all clone in white enamel. The dining room walls are wainscoted to the height of five feet with very wide V-jointed boards, surmounted by a broad plate rail. The ceilings in both rooms are crossed with boxed beams, and all the woodwork is of the simplest and severest design. The floors are of polishecl oak, and the walls are papered. r\ large brick fireplace is the central feature of the living room, and the space on either side is filled with bookshelves placed beneath the windows. The cost of this bungalow! including cellar and furnace, wall paper and all the walks surrounding the house. is said hy the
VRRANDA PERGOLA
WtTH
PART
CONSTRUXION.
rooms are uniformly heated. The furnace room is reached by a brick-wa.lled tunnel leading from the cellar, which is built under the kitchen and screen porch at the back of the house. Although it is very simple in both design and construction, this little house is well finished both inside and out. The exterior has the touch of primitiveness that always belongs to a shingled house where the heavy Both timber construction is exposed. shingles and beams are of redwood. darkened by the oil that has been put on to preserve it. The deep reddish brown tone of ,the wood is relieved by the gray of the cobblestone foundation, the lighter red of the brick chimney and the white door and window frames, leaders and gutter spouts. This is the usual color scheme for these bungalows, and it is very effective when seen amid the luxuriant foliage of a California garden, with its spreading palms and lacy pepper trees. The front veranda has a floor of gra! cement that makes it seem almost a continuation of the walk that leads up to it. This veranda is partly sheltered by a roof, the rest being left open with a pergola construction overhead which will ultimately serve as a support for vines. The interior of the house is very simple in arrangement, and is so finished that the effect is pleasant and restful. All the rooms are on one floor, the dining room and kitchen occupying one side of the house and the three bedrooms the other. The screen porch at the back counts as part of the 592
.
LIVING ROOM OF BUNGALOW. ALCOVE. SHOWING DININti
owner to be $2,250. This Feems a very small sum for a house like this. but doubtless the cost has been kept down to that figure by exercising the utmost econom> that is consistent with thoroughness of construction, and using the least expensive woods for both exterior and interior woodwork. Redwood-and pine abound in California, and building materials can he had at an exceedingly modizrate cost.
CRAFTSMAN
ADYERTISING
DEPARTMENT
Paint Your Walls and Get Exact Tints

AVE you ever tried to match wall-paper or any other wall-covering to rugs or furniture? #I. Have you ever leafed through book after book of samples, trying in vain to find something that would just suit the color values of your rugs and draperies ? #T.. You wanted a blue-found six blues-and one but would scream at your rug. not
c Same with the yellows, grays and browns. q The only wall covering for the particular person is a made-to-order one. Then the tint can be made exact. Use white lead paint and have it mixed and tinted by your painter to your order. a Our white lead (Dutch Boy Painter kind) is smooth and clear, tints beautifully, and gives any finish desired- dull, half-gloss, high-gloss or enamel. a rp, .I I ne artistic home-maker should be the most enthusiastic advocate of whiteleading (painting with white lead) because there is no medium so flexible for the expression of the tasteful persons wish.
OurDutch Boy Paint Adviser is very helpful on both No.96 interior and exterior decoration. Costs but the trouble of asking for it. Address
A National
r
An f&ming NewYork
Lead Company
05~2in
each of& cifiu : Buffalo Baton Cincinnati Cleveland Chicaso St. Louis
UohnT.LewiahBm.6. Philadelphia) (National Lead Rr Oil 6.. Pittsburgh)
Kindly
mention xix
The
Craftsman
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
Before you build your house-before you get your plans-before you decide anything-send for and study our IZO-page book:
CONCRETE
HOIJSES
AND
COTTAGES"
MAKES ATLAS-WHITE
FOR DECORATIVE WE ALSO MANUFACTURE
THE
STAINLESS
BEST
rock
CONCRETE
only-, conbains no furlmw sl:q, is :tl\v;t~-s
PURPOSES Cement
pcE&F
I,ibrerg :
It, is the stanclaul lmud. Spxify Atlas. It is mde fwm genriinc Fortlnld ( 1~mtw t fine mid of uuifomi qua1it.y. .&tlas is the hr:tncl lwllfiht l)J- the (kovt~rll nlent for the Pannn~:~ C~:md.
Other
Concrete Concrete
books
in the Atlas
Concrete Constructionabout
in Hcghway in Railroad
ReinforeedConcreteinFaetoryConrtructi~(d;liverrchararl):~~
the Home and on the Farm+?;; Construction Construction
Kindly
mention xx
The
Craftsman
THE CHARM OF MOUNTAIN
CAMPS
. , . 1. j . ..
CAMP OF MILLED LUMBER, RAIL. WITH RUSTIC PORCH
THE CHAltM ANl_) ljsk: I:[: I.NESS OF A MOUNTAIS CA111: BY HELEN LUKENS G;WT
ITT-I the saner ideas about work and rest that prevail nowadays, the w mountain camp is coming to be regarded as almost a necessity for the business or professional man whose work in the city during the busier months cf the year uses up, so much brain and nerve force that, without such a means of healthful recreation, his years of usefulness woul~l probably be fewer than need be. There is in the clear mountain air an element of tonic wholesomeness that can never be found on the lower Icvcls, ant1 when to this is acldecl the freedom of a return to primitive ways of living. it means such a renewing of vital forces that the summer vacation is usuall! sufficient to huiltl up a man for the whole :\lso, a definite change of scene is a year. relief that most people hardly appreciate. There is little rest in going from an elaborate and well-appointed city house to a country place that differs from it only in being in a different place, while to seek rest in a seaside resort or watering place means the weariness of hotel or elaborate cottage life. But in the mountain camp one gets away entirclv from the usual mode of life, especially if one drops civilization entirely and rouc$s it in the simplest fashion. The best of it is that a camp in the mountains is a luxury by no means beyond the reach of moderate means. Land in the wilderness is cheap, and a log cabin, or one built of rough lumber, can be put up at comparatively trifling cost. The days are filled with shooting, fishing, exploring or plain loafing and, there bemg no housework to
speak of, the women of the family enjoy as complete a rest and change as the men. i\nother item that is by no means incon-. ciclerablc is the saving in dressmaker< bills. rZ couple of suits of flannel or khaki arc suificient for all needs, so that the item nf more or less elahor~te toilcttcs, sucli as are tle-
PICTURESQUE
DOOR OF A
iTONE
CABIN.
mantled at a fashionable resort, may be counted out of the summers expense?. Most people who own a home in the city or the suburbs consider that they have all the property they can afford to keep up. but there is hardly any keeping up necessary in the case of a mountain camp. If one does not wish to buy, it is quite possible to obtain a long lease on a bit of mountain land for a small sum, and on this the camp may be 593
THE CHARM OF MOUNTAIN
CAMPS
-..
..-~
--
1--
LOG CABIN
WITH
TILED
ROOF.
built. For those who do not care to put up a house, or feel that they cannot afford one, a small one-room cabin of boards or logs, just large enough to store provisions and blankets, cooking utensils, etc., is sufficient. Without this storeroom it would be necessary to pay for the transportation of all camp supplies, both coming and going, every year,-an expense which would in a short time equal the cost of the little cabin. Of course with such a cabin the campers would be compelled to eat and sleep out-of-doors, but this is by no means a disadvantage, for sleeping out-of-doors is not only one of the luxuries of camp life, but is so necessary to health that, as we know, people are building sleeping porches even on city houses. A tent or even a marquee of canvas could be put up in case of rain, so that the table or the beds would escape a drenching, and with the provisions and bedding safely stored in a watertight cabin, campers could afford to laugh at the weather. The cabin may cost as much or as little as the builder wishes. Some mountain camps are almost as elaborate as city houses, but these are not as desirable as the simpler buildings, because the complete change in environment and mode of living constitutes a large part of the charm as well as the benefit of a vacation. The material used in the construction of the camp will depend largely on what is most available,-logs, stones, shakes, slabs, sod or milled lumber. A rustic cabin is usually the most attractive, as it is more closely akin to the woods than one built of milled lumber. But of whatever material the house is constructed it should, if it is meant for more than a mere storeroom. have a good-sized living room with a wide stone fireplace, where at night the family may sit before the glow of crack594
ling pine logs and enjoy the night life of the wilds as well as the daytime out-of-doors. A fireplace really makes a living room, for its very presence indicates rest, good cheer and good fellowship. The stone mantel may be as wide and as high as desired, but it is best not to have the fireplace opening too large, as a small one will throw out more heat and less fuel will be required. A two-room cabin may be made comfortable and practicable for sleeping purposes by building bunks, steamer fashion, against the side walls. By the use of curtains and screens privacy may be obtained, and the bunks take up very little room. The living room of course may be used as a dining room, thus making three rooms in one. A small shed room will answer very well for a kitchen, and a box with wire shelves, hung from a tree branch just outside the door or window, will make a cool, convenient pan-
MOUNTAIN CEDAR
HOUSE ON
VERANDA, STONE
SHOWING
PILLARS
FOUNDATION.
try. The veranda is, of course, a pleasant feature of the cabin, but it is not absolutely essential, as in the woods all outdoors is an open veranda and the greater part of camp life is carried on in the open. The interior finish and furnishing of a mountain camp give great scope for origi-
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
In the Mott potteries and foundries are produced a comThey occupy a minimum space plete line of fixtures in Imperial and are appropriate for small Solid Porcelain, Vitreous Ware and Enameled Iron. Consequentresidences, apartment houses or ly it isnot nece~my for us to comwherever substantial fixtures at mend one material to the exmoderate price are desirableelusion of the others. We offer in fact quality considered, this the buyer a practically unlimitline of fixtures is the cheapest ed choice in material, design and price. on the market.
B as illustrated-price
ATH,
lavatory
and closet $74.(K).
As an aid to the selection of appropriate fixtures, we have prepared in our booklet Modern Plumbing a PLUMBING series of designs for bathrooms ranging in price from This book suggests where to use Imperial Solid Porces74 to $3,000. lain, Vitreous ViTare or Enameled Iron to the best advantage, and gives There are illustrations with costs of individual fixtures in each material. also helpful hints on decoration and tiling. THE
I vs FIFTH
M 0
D E R N
J.
OVER W
L.
EIGHTY
MOTT
YEARS AND
IRON
OF SUPREMACY SEVENTEENTH
WORKS
1909 ST.
, RRA
KCHES
AVENUE E
Y TO
Y YOU
Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis, Washmgton, St. Louis, New Orleans, San Frmc~sco, bra Antonm, Atlanta, brattle and Indmmpolis CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal
MAKE
SURE THAT
ARE
GET-
TING GENUINE FOR THE MOTT

Kindly
MOTT WARE, LOOK LABEL ON EACH PIECE.

The sui Craftsman
mention
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMESI-
. TILES FOR Ti-iE KITCHEN-~*& LAUNDRY

Kitchen illld I,auntlry Floors mnst be corered with something that wears well, resists wet which is sanitnry and grease, .\ tiled kitchen :11x1 lasting. floor with tiled wainscots cwts .l,,lt little, if nny. more than other good kinds of floors, and Conipwe is infinitely lwttrr. the cost of a. ~ootl floor covrrctl Ihc .~ssociiltcd
1217 Seventh
with linolerlm a tiled floor. m2tkes a clean Tiles
with tlrc cwt of ,i tiled fioor kitchen.
for the
Tile Jl$mlfartm-ers Ave., Beaver FAs, Pa.
Kindly mention xxii
The Craftsman
nality and the expression of individuality. Some have ceiling beams with great scorched logs, and walls either covered with burlap or Japanese matting, or left bare, Then with logs. slabs or stones exposed. there may be latticed windows hung with gay chintz or cretonne, window seats piled \vith bright pillows, and all sorts of rustic furniture made by hand as an occupation to wile away the abundant leisure of camplife. If a man is clever with tools he finds the pleasantest recreation of the year in collecting the materials for his own rustic furniture, and making it himself. Such work is play, and a delightful diversion after a long siege of looking after business affairs. Busy at his work bench, which very likely is a fallen tree trunk under the friendly shade of pine or oak, he forgets that life holds such a thing as worry or griri 01 possible failure. The mountain camps shown in these illustrations are of a rather more ambitious character than is usually seen in the mere cabin. The log hut, while simple enough in line, has a very modern and obviously watertight tile roof, and the long board cabin, in spite
The sideboard is rather ornate, but its verv elaboration is the best evidence of the fun its owner had in designing it and putting it together, and the pleasure that came to.him with the discovery of each curved piece of wood that accommodatingly fitted itself into place because it grew that way. The Greek chair might be rather hard to move, but it
DINING DESIGNED
ROOM BY
FURNITURE, DR. BAYLISS.
RUSTIC BY DR.
FURNITURR, J. M.
DESIGNED PINE
AND CREST,
MADE CAL.
BAYLISS,
of the rustic rail and pillars of the porch. is almost too smooth for the woods. The intcriors are better, because one sees here the picturesqueness that is made possible by the use of rustic furniture, and ,realizes the pleasure that must have been found in the making of these massive chairs and tables.
looks comfortable enough, and the big living room table could never by any chance be tipped over. The use of a rustic screen over the fireside seat in the living room carries out very charmingly the idea of the interior, and the presence of a tree with all its branches left on gives a singularly decorative effect to the side of the room. Another detail that is interesting is the use of massive cedar logs as porch pillars to hold up the pergola construction overhead. There are so many possibilities in this use of tree trunks. l~ougl~s and branches, that it is an endless incentive to invention of all sorts, and the long idle hours of mountain life give a m?n plenty of leisure to exercise his native ingenuity in all sorts of contrivances and quaint decorative effects that are entirely unhampered by the need for conventionality. In the ordmary country home rustic furniture and sometimes rustic pillars are permissible, but they must be smoothed down into some semblance of more finished work if they are to be brought at all into harmony with But in the mountains fancy civilization. 595
USE AND
ABUSE OF CONCRETE
may run riot, and ii one pillar or chair or table does not satisfy, it only means a few hours work to make another. Some man who had a genuine liking for his work made the cabin door that harmonizes SO well with the rough wall of brick and stone. This door is not only most interesting in construction, but has an appearance of strength that is entirely in keeping with the suggestion of defense that seems so natural to a shelter in the wilderness, and so absurd in the house built in a town or city. It is quite true that in town we often need shelter much more than we do in the mountains, but we do not stop to think of that, and this massive door with its cross braces conveys as much of a suggestion of safety against all foes as do the thick stone walls on either side of it.
THE VALUE OF CONCRETE TO THE MODERN BUILDING WORLD: BY R. MARSHALL
HE interesting history of concrete has already been told so many times that it is needless for us to go back to the Pyramids and the -Appian Way, dwelling on its antiquity and following it down through the centuries to the present time of the successful concrete skyscraper. The value of this material as a building medium of modern times is bevend calculation. We have only to consider the devastation of our forests and the increased building opportunities all over the country to realize the necessity of some such practical material, which is not only durable, but extremely picturesque and beautiful in the hands of the artist. On the other hand, it is worth stopping to consider how much this material has suffered in the hands of its enthusiastic friends. who have not been satisfied with its own intrinsic value, but who have felt that it must seem to imitate other materials and win appreciation as a makeshift, as a substitute for something valuable. Naturally this point of view cannot last, as a substance so widely useful as concrete must eventually receive its proper valuation and be recognized as one of the important building materials, as significant as granite or marble or stone or brick, entirely different but equally definite and interesting. Many of us who most admire concrete do not know its actual ingredients, and if we are interested in a material of this sort
VIEW AND
OF CONCRETE TEXRACE.
HOUSE
it is well to know all about it. Concrete is a mass of cement, clean well-graded sand such as gravel, and coarser particles, crushed ston,e or slag. Theoretically this mass is voidless. In its making, enough water is used to effect the chemical action known as crystallization in the cement. The paste formed by the cement and water coats thoroughly each grain of sand, and the mortar thus formed coats each large No two sand grains particle, as gravel. touch each other, and the coarser aggregates are held apart (and together !) by the sandcement-water mixture. This is the theory? and good honest concrete should come pretty close to living up to this standard. So this is the material known as conNothing deceptive, nothing discrete. assembled honest. Just a scientifically selection of natural elements. Properly made, concrete is impervious to water, resists fire better than any other known building material, and when applied with intelligence, makes for better, safer, dryer, warmer, cleaner homes. The point is, its advocates have too often deemed it necessary to make concrete resemble something else. The material is SO
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
TFy This B ,~ 5 Suds -Maker Free cdr , .

: j
Suds-Maker delivers YOU simply turn the faucet and The D thick, hot suds. It does not in any way interfere with the hot water faucet and can be easily attached to it. It gives you instead, tW0 faucetsone forclean, hot water-the other for thick, hot suds.
,f,
means to save hundreds of steps every day-to always have thick creamy soap suds on tap. TheRichmondSuds Maker gives you anyquantitY of soapand water thoroughly mixed in scientific proporxtion-it is always ready to
.~ust semi your uame ana antrress rogetner with the name and address of your local plumber and we will forward by express prepaid one RICHMoNrr Suds-Maker. Use it ten days-then if you This is your chance to learn about the think you can spare it, return it at our expense. Write today. greatest convenience, money and time saver you can install in your kitchen.
sightly soap dishes, to the nuisance of using UP the odds and ends of soap. Use any kind of soap.
THEMXRUM-HOWELLCO.
277 Terminal
Building
New
York,
N. Y.
We Will Give Absolutely Free

a great many different Craftsman articles to people .who will get new s&scribers not be any work Catalogue and for you for us. to secure about You will certhem. Our tain1.y be glad to have any one of them, and it will Premium will be ready see how many September
Ist, but dont subscriptions
wait for that.
Start in now securing you can get by
the time the Catalogue
is ready.
EDGAR E. PHILLIPS-The Craftsman

41 West 34th Street, New York
Kindle mentio;l The Craftsman ... xx111
NHANCE the tone qualities of your room with rugs that harmonize with Let us the general color scheme. complete the effect of the wood-work, furniture and draperies with rugs of your own choosing and in just the colors you desire.
Thread and Thrum Rugs are the hand-made prodThey are all wool or uct of expert craftsmen. camels hair, honestly made, and last a lifetime. Four pounds to the square yard and woven in all sizes up to 12 feet wide. Deliveries made promptly after re -ivinE your order.
Thread and Thrum Rugs give the desired finish to the furnishings of dens, porches, bungalows, cottages, country houses, or rooms in mission style. Also runners for halls and Sold by best shops. billiard rooms in any color or width.
Thread and Thrum Workshop,

If ,mur dezlrr O,W color c;:d
Auburn, N.Y.
s. wnfe for does not .*ell these,,, lrng ogenta. and price list to our se 7.
Arnold, Constable & Co. YOU CHOOSE THE COLORS, New York City
WELL MAKE THE RUG
Broadway
and
Nineteenth
St.
_.___- ------
Fairbanks Motors
Complete From 1:4 to 25 H.P. Outfits as low as 850.00
,.4$&F-. -1
High grade in ever! respect and covered h\*
4. A_-;. -;.
_'
,l.
THE-FAIRBANKS CO.
Albany, Baltimore, Bangor. Boston, Buffalo. Hartford. New Orleans, New York. Philadelphia. Pittsburs, Syracuse. London, Glaaaow, Hamburg. Pa&.
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xxiv
USE AND
ABUSE
OF
CONCRETE
A CONCRETE HOUSE IN M,\XSlOii STYLE. plastic and accommodates itself with such are the boards used in building solid walls nicety to the most intricate molds that the temptation is strong to distort it from its or the sides of the mold box on a block machine, generally presents a surface of true form and make counterfeit stone or dull gray, with here a bit of gravel and petrified roses. {here a patch of rich cement mortar showThere are many builders and many architects who are striving to use concrete as it ing. The simple problem is to etch this should be used-are educating builders to film of mortar from all of the coarse particles and expose them. This may be done the idea that concrete is a separate, individual building material with a charm of by applying a wash of muriatic acid and water, brushing it into the concrete with a its own, dependent upon no other material. stiff brush and then washing off the acid These men are working with the craftsman solution with clean water, or by applying spirit, and it is to explain just what these to the surface a light sand blast. By either men accomplish that these words are writmethod the dull monotonous effect is made ten; for of all available materials, concrete to disappear and the concrete surface, no is the one of which craftsman homes should be built. The latent beauties of true . . \I concrete are easily brought \%~ I out-they lie so near the sur- Xl \ ) face that it seems a pity that so often they are not uncovered, a simple process, involvina but two steDs. . , always assuking that the artisan is ifi honest and intelligent and 4 ? makes a good concrete ; first; 3 aggregates - coarser . the particles forming the compact 12 mass-should be selected with * some care with a view to variety of shape and color; A second, the finished concrete 1 should be given such a sur- c face treatment as will expose these aggregates near the surface much as woods are I treated to bring out the grain. _ I . Concrete that is poured into E forms, whether these forms FENCE POSTS AND PILLAR CAPS OF CONCRETE.
597
USE AND ,IBUSE
OF CONCRETE
INTERESTING
EFFJiCT
OF
CONCRETE
TERRACE.
matter how extensive it may be, is given life and beauty. For concrete to be treated in this way, river gravel of varied sizes and different hues may be used for the coarse particles. Crushed field stone gives excellent effects, due to the presence of dull reds and dark purples. Crushed limestone results in a concrete more uniform in color, but presenting peaks and valleys upon which the sunlight plays to advantage. Crushed slag has been used, resulting in somber browns and blacks. This treatment of concrete surfaces may be applied in building any craftsman home, unless the structure is of stucco It might be well clearly to construction. define the different forms of concrete in building residences. Reinforced concrete consists of concrete poured in wood or metal forms placed in position and reinforced with steel rods or wire mesh before the concrete is poured. House walls built in this way are generally solid and this form of construction is the most expensive. In some instances thick walls are molded of concrete which is poured in its plastic state between rigid forms of wood or metal, without reinforcement. These walls may he solid or hollow. In both these cases the forms remain around the concrete until the latter has set. Concrete stucco construction resembles in application the method of building plaster houses a decade ago. A wood frame is 5954
erected, and on the uprights, or to the sheathing, is attached metal lath to which is applied two or three coats of cement mortar. Cement mortar may be applied in the same way to old walls of brick or stone or solid concrete. This form of construction, with the wood frame, costs about as much as brick veneer and is not absolutely fireproof. Concrete molded in the form of blocks, solid or hollow. is used extensively in home building. C on cr ete brick are also popular in many parts of the countrv. Thcsc forms are cheaper than clay biick, cheaper than solid concrete and, properly handled, give satisfaction. The treatment of concrete surfaces referred to above makes reinforced and monolithic concrete excellent forms of residence construction. In the case of concrete block and brick, the same excellent effects mav he obtained, at less cost, for the selected aggregates need be used only in the facing on the block or brick. There is no complaint against the concrete building block as a block of concrete. As lonk as it remains unmasked, it is excellent. The complaints of dampness, monotony and dullness ma! easily be taken care of. It is only when the concrete block masquerades as a piece of granite or as Carrara marble that we object to it as a cheat. True, there are concrete blocks that are successful in their deceit. but always at the expense of their own individuality and their own peculiar, inherent charm. It is only by hiding these that they pass as something else. So long as the deception is ouite uncalled for and really gains nothing. why should it he tolerated ? Concrete offers the chance for artistic treatment that no natural stone does. Given a block of sandstone, the artist must depend upon his tools-his work necessarily must be mechanical. Rut with concrete he starts at the very beginning-he dictates the very structure and texture of the material. Not alone by surface etching may concrete be made artistic. IVitness the work of the man \vho wished to build an artistic
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
0 t 11111 -a d,ffr rent-for CY,T, coc,.wahl,. %-for hVWS. f~r~(~~w% But therr I, a \,,,w.~, kind for *v?r\ prpobl --\\lth hllC% hoxts. etc. H<,re arc% a few kinds: sl\t\-oc years of v.lrnl,h-maklc CX~~~WIICLback of it. Interior work--3R P~s~dvs Varnish is brst except for floors. Ncvcr bllstrrs. crack5 nor turns whltr. Water Will not affcTt It. Exterior Wawk-P 6 L Spar Finishinz Varnish is the most drahlc PrOteCtfo for all i%cathrr-proof. tc.mpcraturc-proof, and salt-waterproof. outdoor woodwork and marine uw. White Enamel Work calls for Virmllre, which is moi%c-proof, -a rasy to apply on any surface inside or outsldc: novcr turns mellow and lasts almost indcfimtelv.
is the one superior m.ood 621 upu cani T,.E+ it vonrwlf. ~~~.FCshed-jF,o*. A / P & L Varnishes.
finish crack
Hit it with a hammer: stamp on it. E;ltl call for floors, ih? z,amzslt. Its heel-proof. mar-proof and water-prod.
cfent
fhe
Send for Free Sample Panel Finished with 61

It will assurance that 61 is the floor finish you want. Ask for --- hn -- y,,r ,--It tells how to tmish and car<> for floor% I~r~nlers cvrrywherc carry If yours hasnt the kmd you want. send dwxt to us. Our new book Decorative Interior Finicbinc. besides telling about P & I. Varnishes. pives many valuable pointers. It ir sent free. on request.
s972
'4 I, PRATT &LAMBERT-INcVARNISH MAKERS6lYEARS Addnu hIaa to SbTa.rand. smel, Buff& N. y. In GMd. .ddI, G&ht s-4 BJ#.cby, or.ta.io
FACTORIES:NEWYORK BIJFMLO CHICAGO BRlDGEBURG.CANADA LONDON PARIS HAMBURG
For the Better Care of Your Trees

13~ better. let us esplam just what me mean. Last month ve were called to inspect some trees around the home grounds of a Long 14and wburbxmte There were home twenty or so in all-fine. old fr.ends that It had taken a full half century togrow. Practically every one of them had developed cavities. which some doubtless good Intenttoned but unknowing persons had plastered with cement. Every one of these fillings was badly cracked and chipped off aroun<l the edges. so that the wood was exposed to borers and the entering of moisture was hastening destructive decay back of the fillmg. Under the name of prunmg, indisrrnninate barbering had been done without any apparent knowledge of the vitalness ot preserving a proper balance betwren foliage and root growth. and as a result some of the trees wll stru gle along for a few wars and ather die or look so badlv as to need removine. ft was an unskilful:ob from Start to fimzh-one that although costly was a: actual Injury to every tree doctored The moral of all this i\: If you care about your trees. then why not put them ,n the hands of a company that you absolutely know know theu busmess? Our force is made up of the followmg land of men: The heads of the various departments in the man office and branches throughout the country are every one of them graduates of such institutions as Yale Forestry School and Massachusett5 Agricultural College, who understand both the science and the practice of tree ,xegervat,on. Our zupermtendents are practical men tramed under or system-the foremen are recrmted from the ranks-and as for the general workmen. all of them are trained Amerxans ready and toughened to do a full &vs work-kent in o,,r w,,nlov +hro,,rrho,,t the en+,te czar ior whom we have done work. They seem glad to speak convmcingly about it. In conclusion, let us suggest your sending for our catalog:,the way it looks. reads. and illustrates the subject 1s reflectwe of our orgamzat,on. Later let us \end one of our Inspectors to examine your trees and submit a report as to their condition.
Kindly
mention xsv
The
Craftsman
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
building can be fitted more satisfactorily for wear, and more in XI harmony with the trim and finish. k
Morgan Doors arc light. remarkably strong and built of several layers of wood with grain running in opposite warping or Shrinking. dirertions. swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hard wood-Birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white Oak. brown Ash. Mahogany. etc. Bsrh Morgan Door is stamped MORGBN which guarantees quality. YOU style. durability and satisfaction. can have them if you speafy and insist. /
--~~pn c+m.rs .are shown nral dor and in all styles of *or interior or exterior use. mInined why they am the kst
I,, our near book--The
Dow
doora fm permnncnt EatiRfactlon In any building
in their natarehit+ure and it 1s exand cheapest
Bcariiful
N THIS HOUSE AT OAK PARK, ILL., ALL THE WINDOWS ARE CASEMENTS SWINGING OUT AND EQUItPED WITH OUR HOLDFAST ADJUSTERS. THE ARCHITECTS AND THE OWNER ARE DELIGHTED WITH THEM BECAUSE:ENABLE EVERY MEMBER OF THE HOUSEHOLD TO OPEN, CLOSE. OR SECURELY LOCK THE SASH AT ANY ANGLE UP TO NEARLY NINETY DEGREES, WITHOUT DISTURBING SCREEiS, CURTAINS, VENETIAN BLINDS OR STORM SASH. AND ITS ALL DONE WITH ONE HAND1 WE ARE THE ONLY CASEMENT HARDWAKE SPECIALISTS IN THE U. S. AND OUR BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET IS A MINE OF CASEMENT WINDOW INFORMATION. ITS FREE I GET IT NOW I
OUR HOLDFAST
THE CASEMENT
ADJUSTERS
CO.
HDW.
RECORD-HERALD
BLDG.,
CHICAGO
Kindly
mention
The Craftsman
xxvi
PERMANENT
PIGMENTS
ON A COAL-TAR
BASE
entrance to his grounds. He elected to mold four massive posts of concrete, each one, say, 30 inches square and 6 feet high. He built box forms with these inside dimensions, running the narrow boards of the sides horizontally. He left small cracks between the boards and upon pouring the wet mass of concrete, some of the mixture flowed out through these spaces. He let the posts harden and carefully removed the Instead of going over the surbox forms. face with a rubbing brick and smoothing it off, he left all these little fins molded in the cracks in the forms. The result is a massive, rugged gateway that looks like no stone or brick that was ever made by Nature or by man. Green vines trailing over the rough background of gray-the result is artistic and legitimate. The posts are concrete and only concrete. So we see that not only in the home, but in the garden, the lawn and the wood, concrete may be used to produce effects at once artistic and satisfactory. The uses of concrete about the home make a list too long to reproduce here. Besides my purpose has been merely to give concrete the square deal that it merits-to indicate in a small way its artistic possibilities and to acquit it of the common charge of deception. That Craftsman homes are excellently executed in concrete, there can be no argument. In all forms except stucco, the latent values of the material are easily and wonderfully brought out. In stucco construction there has been small chance for deception. The many surface finishes given to stucco make it a favorite form of residence building, owing to its comparatively low cost. A Craftsman home of concrete, with green things trailing over the grays and dull reds and deep blues of the exterior, and an interior at once sanitary, cool in summer, warm in winter, fireproof and damp-proofcan more be asked?
PERMANENT A COAL-TAR
PIGMENTS BASE
ON
HE fading of oil paintings is one of the most serious difficulties with which the artist has to contend. In spite of all the searching for the secrets of the old masters whose colors still remain fresh and glowing, ten or fifteen years is sufficient to make a marked difference in the color of almost any modem painting.
Especially has this been the case with pigments of a tarry origin, and many efforts have been made to produce either a paint or a dye based on coal tar that would hold its color as well as the more primitive products. The greater brilliancy of the coal-tar colors, their clarity and the flexibility with which they lend themselves to subtle shadings, has tempted many a hapless artist to attempt their use, but in spite of all efforts to fix permanently the bright and delicate hues, they have faded and altered with discouraging swiftness. Therefore it is interesting to learn that at last a preparation of coal tar has been developed in three colors that are said to be as permanent as the best of the natural colors. These are violet, red and yellow, very rich and clear, and exhaustive experimenting has proven that even the well-tried alizarin reds, hitherto supposed the only trustworthy colors obtainable from coal tar, must yield to them in the matter of durability. A process that can be applied to one set of colors can surely be extended to include others, and if this new discovery is as good as it is said to be, it means the solving of a great many difficulties for the artist. So far the question of durability has been the great stumbling block in the way of experts who have been instrumental in developing the modern methods of painting and dyeing. The widespread prejudice against coal-tar dyes is based almost entirely upon their lack of stability as compared with the more primitive vegetable dyes which either retain their color value or, when they fade, gve a softer and mellower color that grows more subtle and beautiful with each succeeding year. The immense range of the coal-tar colors, and the ease with which they are prepared and used, have always held forth a promise of greatly increased power to both the painter and the artist in dyes, so that experiments to develop the one lacking quality of durability have been practically unceasing. These have been much more successful with regard to dyes than they have in the case of painters colors, and the possibilities that lie in the right use of these modern dyestuffs will be remembered by those of our readers who followed the interesting series of articles on dyeing by Professor Charles Pellew, published in THE CRAFTSMAN during the years Igo8-9.
CRAFTSMAN
ClBINET
WORK
AND
METAL
WORK
CRAFTSMAN
FLOWER
BOX
WITH
METAL
PAN.
CRAFTSMAN
HoME
DESIGNS
FOR
CABINET-R/1[,4KERS*4NI)
METAL-WORKERS
HE plant stand given this month fbr home cabinet-workers is made in the shape of a long box or trough which, filled with plants, would give much the same effect as a window box. It would be very decorative if placed just in front of a window or group of windows., as by that means an unbroken mass of bloom might be As suggested here, the stand is secured. 40 inches long, r6 inches wide and 26 inches high. The construction is solid and subirlv massive. but stantial, and the effect i not enough so to be heavy and clumsy. The posts should measure 2 inches square, and the end rails 3 inches wide. The stock used for the ends and sides is ys-inch, and for the bottom g-inch. The stretcher below the box should be $4 of an inch thick by 4% inches wide. In making this piece the sides and ends are doweled to the post, and the bottom is riveted into the sides and ends after they in position. A are check of about 3/s of an inch should be
allowed on the inside. Then the end rails and stretcher should be mortised together, with th.e tenons projecting slightly through the rails. The rails in turn are mortised through the posts and made firm with dowel pins. Careful attention should be given to the finishing of this piece, and also to the selection of the wood, as the straight plain boards which form the sides will show to the best advantage in beauty of texture, grain or surface, and on the other hand will mercilessly reveal all defects. The posts are rounded at the top, and are beveled a little at the bottom to prevent splitting. A copper or zinc pan should be made to slip inside the frame with the rim resting all around on the top, and not quite touching the bottom. This pan is very eaq to make, provided the home cabinetmaker has any knowledge of metal work. The edge should be turned over a brass wire about ~~ of an inch in diameter, and wrought iron or brass handles should be made and riveted to each end as shown in the illustration. The cheval glass and stand will form a fairly IconSpicuous piece of bedroom furniture. It measures 70 inches high over all. The width of the frame is 30 inches, and the base ,24 inches. The construction of the frame ,holding the glass is much the same as that ,of anv mirror frame. A rabbet is sawed out in the back of the frame, allow-
---------
FIPSVT-STF\NP
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
CRAFTSMAN MANTELS
1
x For den\. inulmook5. living roomy. finl4led th? MissIon style. Voss craftsman manttl~ partxularly appropriate. The artistic simplicity &ted immediately by
man style.
in are
of their all lovers
lines is appreof the crafts-
Mantels are made in all designs from the ?.fxsion to the finishes No matter what yonr taste ma be. you can be in Voss Mante 7s-at the price YOU
Colonial
in all woods
and
suited
exactly
Let u, send you our beautifully illustrated booklet. Mantelc for the Home. It contains dozens bf suggestions and ideas on the selection of mantels. A postal brings it-postpaid.
VOSS MANTEL COMPANY (Inc.) 16th 8~Arbedust Sts.. Louisville. KY.

Ma&n Mantel ZJuifdwrf or 25Yea+~
WIi& Wall Covering?

problem would be easy if everyone knew Tapestrolea. It is a fabric of loosely woven strands which give the desired soft, friendly texture, while the tolors are the fresh, unobtrusive shades of Nature, seen in the green and var,icolored foliage, the blue sky, brown earth, gray rocks, green sea and elsewhere.
Tapestrolea is an ideal background for the furnishings of any room, and especially a room planned after the CFaftsman or other simple and effective styles.
We
THE
Much of the charm of the old Colonial room WM due to the prismatic rays of the cut crystals togetherwith the soft rays of the candle or lamp. This same quality. in a lamp of this kind, is just as valuable to-day when lighted with the more modem illuminant-electricity.
The ENOS
Makers of Lighting
CO.
Fixtures
,a, 2:fZ::,:t%tZat NEW YORK fhlsmonsi88 West 87thBtmct
will send YOU a handsomeillustrated and samples upcm request.
bool:let
RICHTER MFG. CO.

Remember
&fly,
the Name F
N. J.
TAPEsTR~LEA
mennon The Craftsman
xxvii
CRAETSMAN
XDVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
and
Cooking Ranges Boilers (For Steam and Water)

OFFICE
for all kinds of heating and cooking.
The best apparatus possible to make. Will Have a deserved reputation. Thousands of these do the work where others fail. Used by leading Architects. goods in use, giving splendid satisfaction.
AND SHOW ROOMS
31 West 31st Street, New York

SOLD AND ERECTED BY FIRST-CLASS DEALERS
NEW YORK
CHICAGO I
BOSTON
Mineral Wool Insulates

By its use you can keep your house warm in winter and cool in summer. It excludes dampness, .deadens unpleasant sounds, resists the spread of
Hardwood Lumber
QUARTERED QUARTERED PLAIN POPLAR OAK and BLACK WHITE OAK RED OAK
WALkJUT
Mfau&cturedfrombg8cutbom our own forests,
tie,
and furnishes a wall that rats
BAND SAWED AND GRADED

tOplCll&2theMaIulf~Of the most excluaivc and Artistic FIEOitUrC.
and mice cannot penetrate.

Our booklet, containing any address. full details, sent FREE
with P sample to
Stmight or Mixed Cbrs anly

United States Mineral Wool Co. 90 Weat street
New York City
Edward L. Davis Lumber Co. llLcorpor~tcd

LOUISVILLE,
KY.
I
Kindly mention
XXV111
The Craftsman .*.
CRAFTSMAN
CABINET
WORK AND METAL
WORK
CRAFTSMAN
CHEVAL
GLASS.
ing about 5 an inch at each angle. The glass should fit snugly in this, with not more than f/4 of an inch play to allow for the shrinking and swelling of the frame. The glass is then firmly fastened to the frame by corner blocks placed 3 or 4 inches apart, and tacked right against the edge of the mirror. Then a back piece about g or s an inch thick is screwed to the frame, and a metal pivot or plate is countersunk into the outer edge at either side. The middle of these plates should be reinforced or made thicker to allow for drilling and the cutting of threads. Then pins, either 3/8 or 7/16 of an inch in diam-. eter, are screwed into the plates. The standard should be very firmly and carefully made after a careful study of the details of construction as shown in the working drawing. The curved brackets on either side are doweled to the center posts, and also to the feet, the dowels being rounded and allowed to project about 3/16 of an inch above the surface. The posts are mortised into the feet and so carefully fastened that no amount of wear can shake them. The standard is further strengthened by, a stout stretcher which is mortised between the two posts. Near the top
of the standard a metal plate is mortised on the inside of each post, SO that the two will come directly opposite the plates that are mortised in the edge of the mirror frame. A hole is then drilled through each post which allows the pin or binding screw to slip through, and a metal washer is screwed to the outer edge of the post with countersunk head screws. The binding screws are made with a ring or thumb knob at the outer end, so that the mirror which swings upon these .pins may be adjusted easily. The tea table, which is meant to stand in the living room or on the veranda to hold the service for afternoon tea, is made low, the best height being 26 inches. The top is 24 inches in diameter, the center post 4 inches square and the feet 4 inches wide by 2% inches thick. In making this table the feet should first be cut and fitted as shown in section B-B of the working drawing. Each foot is halved, one lapping over the other, and the center post is mortised through both as shown in the same section. At the top four skids or cleats are also halved and fastened to the top of the post by cutting out through each side of the post a mortise of the same thickness as the skids, so that the latter may be sunk into
:-
CRAFTSMAN
CABINET
WORK
AND
METAL
WORK
DEEP METAL
PAN.
METAL
CUP.
SHALLOW METAL
PAN.
the top of the post until the surfaces are flush. The skids should be doweled to the post and glued. The brackets are cut as shown in the drawing, and are doweled to the post and feet in the same way as described in the construction of the mirror.
\-
------
CRAFTSMAN
TEA TABLE
WITH
COPPER TRAY. .
The top, which should be made and joined with great care, is screwed to the skids, using .two screws on each side. These screws should work in slots rather than screw holes, to allow for the expansion and shrinkage of the top in damp or dry weather. The copper tray is hammered into shape in the way we have so often deFor a table of this size it scribed. should measure 22 inches in diameter and be 3/4 of an inch deep. The edges are bent over a brass or copper wire. and the handles are made of wrought copper with the ends flared and riveted to the outside rim of the tray. metal workers F OR very simple pieces the tea tray 602 just we give three in addition to described. The deep
pan with handles may be made in any size, but for daily use in the kitchen it might better measure 12 inches in diameter at the top, g inches across the bottom and 6 inches in height. It should be made of No. 20 gauge copper. The bottom is brazed to the sides, the method being precisely the same as that described so thoroughly in THE CRAFTSMAN for October, 1909. The handles are of wrought copper, with the ends flared and riveted to the pan. The second illustration represents a cup which is made in the same manner as the pan. The ed,ges of all these pieces are turned over brass or copper wires to give greater strength. Iron wire should never be used for this purpose, as it will rust through. As represented here, the cup is 7 inches in diameter at the top, 4% inches across the bottom and g inches high. The third illustration represents a shallow.pan, 14 inches in diameter at the top, IO inches across the bottom and 4% inches in height over all. The depth insihe of the pan. is 3 inches, allowing for a Is-inch flange at -the bottom. The bottom of this pan is cut in a disk shape, leaving an edge of about I inch which is turned down all around and slipped up from the under side an8 soldered.
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPART,MENT
Preserve the Attractiveness ot Your Hardwood Floors and

You are very careful about the quality of the furniture you <buy. YOU should be doubly careful about the quality of casters with which it is shod.
The only basis of the ordinary casters claim to its name .is that.it makes possible the moving of furniture about. Whatis of far more importance--floor and rugprotection and ability to move. heavy fur.niture easy-has been entirely lost sight of in the construction. FELTOlD ;;;T;;;
are not hard wheels of metal, wood, vulcanized cotton or fibre. These necessarily scratch, stain and leave an impression. Neither are they of soft rubber or leather. The one quickly disintegrates; the other quickly hardens. FELTOID CASTERS are made in accordance with a patented and, therefore, exclusive process which makes them floor and rug preservers. They last as long as the furniture itself.
Free booklet, ~lviax stvles. sizes and
pees, on application
COMPANY,
c0NNEcT1cuT
. THE BURNS & BASSICK

BRIDGEPORT
Dept. C
Leather For The Crafts..

WEILDA CALF and Mole Sheep, suede finished leathers in assorted kinds of ART WORK. rs of the most complete
I Bamboo and Rattan Furniture

Direct From China in Great Variety
wiss
Furniture
in Great
Variety
showing
rwrrded
oolor r8mples
on receipt of 1~ otr
A. C. Lawrence Leather Co.

ART DEPT.
93
SouthStreet.
Boston,
Mass.
ArthurWilliams,Jr. & Co., lmmen *nd RetaierS Eslabliibcd 1878

Comer Franklin and Hawley Streets. Boston,Mass.
The Craftsman
Kindly
mention
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
durable, smk-proof-this newest Wiggin 7 Cnetion is distinctive for unique, effective w811 decoration. Kmft Ko-Na is of the faml
FAB=RIK=O
line of highen well coverings Ko-Ns, Kord finest quality Il. B.wlmws sm
Thta lhde Markon t
Wherever Concrete or Stucco is Used

it needs protection against the ravages of dampness as well *s ornamentation with some color
WINCHESTER
BURNSONLYFOUR TONS OF COAL A COLD PLACE.
BAY STATE
BRICK
AND CEMENT COATING
becomes a part of the material itself. Will not chip It or flake off and can be apphed to a damp wrface. is a protection as well as a beautiful ornamentation for concrete. stucco or brick. It gives beautiful effects when used for interior decorations. beautiful Ask
It come.5 in twenty-four
shades. Your Dealer or
Address for Color Card

wohvvoN. llewloed dl co., Inc. fiiotandVar&hMaker arfd Lead Corroders 82.84 Woehingtom stmot BOSTON. MASS.
A CHILD CAN OPERATFl THIS IIEATRR. you RR .eoing to build R new hon~e--replace the old heater-or would like to know more about the Winchester.
If Send us a #estar cani fm cataaloguc, KiWZK US thd ,ZcZW,e Of301Wdd,?,-, and mention ihzs magazine.
SMITH
236 Congress Street, Boston.
& THAYER
COMPANY,
Mass.
Kindl-
mention xxx
The Craftsman
ALS IK KAN: NOTES: ALS IK KAN
REVIEWS
WHAT THE RAILROADS ARE FOR FARMING IN THE EAST
is regarded by his neighbors very much as a cattle thief used to be in the days when cattle were the chief source of income in the West. Also, the grower who attempts to IR Horace Plunkett tells us that when palm off imperfect or badly packed fruit as we induce the business man, alert, first-class goods is very likely to be thrown progressive and well trained in modout of his organization, for it is a matter of ern methods, to turn his attention to honor no less than business interest to keep farming, the country life problem in the grading of the fruit absolutely above America will be solved. His own experisuspici,on. ence in Ireland has convinced him of this, The reason why these two fiemonstration and the brief account we give in this issue farms on Long Island are succeeding beof the experimental demonstration farm yond the most sanguine expectations of the established by the Long Island Railroad railroad company that established them, is upon the barren wastes in the interior of because the president of the company had the Island furnishes us with an object lesson the common sense to give the entire conwhich we will do well to heed. trol of. them to a Western man who is The farmer is conservative, because there applying the well-tested Western methods. is nothing in farming as it is carried on If a laboratory exists on either farm it is here in the East to make him otherwise. kept in the background and, so far as the The fact that he is so largely dependent outsider can see, every suggestion that is upon the caprices of Nature for the success made regarding crops or cultivation is or failure of his crops tends to make him founded upon practical experience and plain something of a fatalist, and the isolation of Because this is so, the demhorse sense. farm life shuts him away from the daily onstration farm is proving genuinely usefu! opportunities and contests which sharpen not only to the city men who go out there the wits of the city man and make him alert filled with enthusiasm for developing little to seize every advantage and forestall, if farms of their own, and keen to take advanpossible, every calamity. tage of every suggestion which may help But, deep-rooted as it seems, this conthem make a success, but even the old servatism is more a habit than anything farmers long established in their own ways else. The grain raisers and fruit growers and hating any innovation. The Departof the West, who control the whole situament of Agriculture might send out bultion so far as they are concerned because letins until the printing press is worn out, they manage the raising and marketing of and State experiment stations might experitheir products in the same way that a keen ment till the end of time for all the average business man manages the manufacture and farmer cares. But show him sturdy healthy sale of whatever commodity he has made fruit trees, bending under the weight of his own, are nearly all Eastern farmers or fruit and without a sign of scale or any the sons of farmers who have gone West. other pest, and tell him how it was done, Their alertness and progressiveness is perahd the chances are that he will see the haps partly due to the change from Eastern advisability of spraying and pruning in a conditions into new surroundings which way that will produce the same results. make more demand upon the qualities of Again, if he sees that a little more know enterprise and initiative. They are not so how will produce vegetables and berries rooted in traditional customs that they canthat bring fancv prices when they aye well not take a hint when they see that another packed, he is iikely to admit that l! pays man is making more money by doing busibetter to take the extra trouble than It does ness in a different way from their own. to drudge along in the same old way. The Therefore, they have joined themselves into farmer is not averse to work; he has always All he needs is the inducement to efficierit organizations through which they worked. control the disposal of their crops, and they work in the right way, and the incentive to make good in an organization of farmers avail themselves to the fullest degree of coijperative methods in bringing their who are doing the same thing and perhaps orchards, fields and gardens to the highest doing it a little better. state of health and productiveness. A man The work of the Department of Agriculwho will allow scale or blight to get into ture is immensely valuable, and the State his orchard without doing anything about it Agricultural Colleges are doing wonders for DOING (503
the iarming oi the future. Uut when it comes down to immediate results the railroads, working entirely on a business basis and for their own interests as well as those of the people living in the territory which they cover, are really delivering the goods. \lhere w~ultl the Northwest have been without the development set on foot by James J. Hill ? Look what the -Atchison, Topeka and Santa FP Road has done for Sew Mexico and Southern California. Think of the \vork done for the preserration of trees and the reforestation of denuded tracts by the Forestry Department of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Th,e instances might be multiplied indefinitely. for in the territory of each ant1 every railroatl there are some conditions \vhich require changing and developing before the business of the common carrier will be on a paying basis. These big transportation companies make no pretense of a philanthropic intention, bnt the result is better than philanthropy. for it is simply the application of well-tried and successful business methods to conditions that hitherto have been as remote from business as thev well could be. If the work. which up to the present time has been confined to the development of large tracts of new country, gets down to smaller enterprises. like that on Long Island. which tlirectlv affect the welfare of the people and the dficiency of the farming population, it will not be long before the relations between the transportation companies and the people living along their lines will cease to be antagonistic. because conditions have been established which make them mutuallv helpful and friendly. -491~0. such a state- of affairs will do much to eliminate speculation in railroad stock. The natural stockholtlerq are the people living in the territory covered 1,~ the railroad, and any sort of real business co6peration between them and the railroad company cannot but result in a better understanding on both sides. 1Yhen this is established we will see fen-.er rate wars, ant1 there will be no need for the railroads to control legislation b! dishonest means. What if the development of am- given stretch of territory is done prim&ily ior selfish reasons ? \T%atever the origin of the work, it is good in itself, and it will do its own part in helping along the period of the square deal, which after all does not mean philanthropp,hut simply that each man may grasp the opportunjt\to do his best. h4
IIOW BE:ST TO CONSERVAlION
IIELl
r1IE
CAI:SE 014
in calling to a little booklet that is I!OW being sent out from the \\aFhington headyuarters of the Satiollal Conservation zissociation to evcryc.0x who is interested enough in this over\vhelmingly important work to become a member of the Association or to aitl its efforts in any way. It will be remembered that the \vork of the National Conservation Commission \vas +opped by Representative Tawney of 1Iinnesota, who refused to recognize it in the Sundry Civil Bill passed by the 6rst Congress, and that the whole movement found itself seriously hampered for lack of a The work toi the national organization. Commission has been important to a degree. for it had prepared the first inventory of natural resources ever made by any nation, and when it was discontinued the Commission was taking up a task equally vital to the conservation movement in serving as the medium for coijperation among State Conservation Commissions. and ConFervation Committees representing the great inclustries. The place of the National Conservation Commission was immediately taken by the Joint Committee on Conservation. a hod? supported by private funds and wholly unconnected with the Government. Had it not been for this Committee. the discontinuance of the National Conservation Commission would have been even more serious in its results, but the urgent national need was for an organization open to ever\ man and woman who stood for conservation, which would give them immediate opportunity for united and effective xork. Therefore, a year ago the Xational Conservation A4ssociation was organized h\- a group of men who had led in the fight for conservation. Dr. Charles 1:. Eliot. President Emeritus of Harvard University, \vas made President of the -\ssociation. but when Mr. Gifford Pinchot was remo\,ed from the Government service by Pre2;itlent Taft, Dr. Eliot immediately resigned. nominating Mr. Pinchot as his successor. Under such effective leadership the work has gone on vigorously and efficiently. The .Xssociation coiiperates closelv with State Conservation Associations sd far as the\ exist, and by organized effort the central
take the greatest pleasure W Ethe attention of our readers
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
C. P. H. Gilbert.
Arckitect.
N.
Y.
Stained with Cabots Shingle Stains
The Best at Any Price
From Sea to Sea

there has been a rising chorus of approval of
CabotsShingleStains
for over twenty-five years. They have proved their worth and beauty in all climates, and we have hundreds of erithusiastic, unsolicited letters of commendation, from every state, proclaiming their
,-lrtistic and lzarnm~~ioi~scolors.

LO20
cost.
Ease and quickness of ccppli~ntim . V70nderfu1 dm-ability . Thorough wood presemation. ( Pr+ osote is the best wood preservatil.*e kvzown.)
You can get these results in no other way. End for samples. circulars and full i&mm&on.
SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.

One way of using Wood-Krusta. (Style No. 300A.)
BOSTON,
MASS.
POTNTS
133 Broadway. New York. 350 Dearborn St., Chicago AGENTS AT .\L.L.Cewn.a~.
WOOD-KRUSTA panels ask comparison on quality first and price second. They are moulded of wood fibre under great pressure and, to every intent and purpose. are panels of beautifully grained hardwood WOOD-KRUSTA has every good quality which can be claimed for any wood and some good qualities which are peculiarly its own. It will take stain better than the natural wood; it cant split. it cant crack, and it cant warp. WOODKRUSTA is 30 inches wide and retails at 75 cents a yard. which is one-fifth the cost of mood Probably your decorator has it; if not ask US for free samples and suggestions as to treatment
y,
5.;
FRANTZ .WALL PAPER COMPANY

(Sole Agentsfor Ansrica)
Dept. c-3,
4 West 15th Street.
New York, N. Ya
Kindly mc,ntion The Craftsman
nxxi
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
TRUE
BUNGALOWS
First-insist on quality. It may cost a little more, but in the long run it pays. Then consider the safety of the locks. With these two points settled, choose the design-your architect will advise you which pattern is in keeping with the character of your house. If
A bung&m is the most attractive, cozy. home-like house in the world if deqiqned and built just. right. but unless every line. angle. nroportion and pmjectlon is RIGHT it is an eye sore and an abominatlqn. We have designed thousands of Bungalows-It IS our sole business and we make a constant earnest study of it. We are proud to be responsible for hundreds of the most beautiful homes in Los Angeles, Pasadena and environs, and you are safe in writing us if you ccntemplate bullding a home or building for mV%tment.
JUST
READY
THE
NEW
BOOK
OF THE
BUNGALOW
a home, send one If you arc thinking of buildin dollar for CALIFORNIA BU$GALOW HOMES. the latest, most comprehensive hook. containing 128 pages 8 in. by 11 in., and 241 illustrations of bungalows, floor plans, interiors. nooks. buffets, fireplaces. Nothing just like it ever doors. lighting fixtures. etc. published before. Worth a hundred times its cost to any prospective home builder. architect. carpenter Or contractor. Send stamp for sample pages.
Artistic Hardware
i:3 specified-all that need concern you is the pattern-for quality and safety are assured. ? If you are building or remodeling a home @% I write for our free i p book-the
TEE BUNGALOWCRAFT merec, Los Angeles,Cal.*The
CO., 403 Chamber Heart of Bungalow
of Corn-Land
Are you going to build

a stucco house?
There Is semetking batter then wire cloth. It doe. away with sheatkiig end rtripping. You attach it directly to the studding. If you wut wallo that will rot cr8& ose
SmGlLNT Book of Designs

It shows a great variety of designs-a style for every type of architecture, and a choice of patterns for each style. This allows free exercise of your own individuality, yet keeps the hardware in perfect harmony with the building itself. The Colonial of rare for it.
SARGENT New 6
TRUSS METAL [RTH

PATEXlZD
Sargent
Book is also interest-ask

COMPANY, Street,
ITRUSSMETAL LAmCo.
booklet
Home buildera write todey for ow free
C-147 Fourth Avenue

NEW YORK, N. Y.
York.
Kindly meni tion XX The Craftsman
158 Leonard
xii
ALS IK KAN: NOTES:

Association brings to the wise settlement of local conservation questions the prompt support of other forces enlisted in the fight to Preserve our natural resources. Collaborators are appointed in towns and cities to spread a knowledge of the work and purpose of the Association, and to keep watch upon all legislation within the conservation field. These local representatives are men and women prominent in the conservation movement, who are willing to give of their own time and effort to the furtherance of the cause. The central Association is thus enabled to keep thoroughly in touch with everything that affects conservation. Tt is drafting and recommending both to Congress and State legislatures good laws for conserving: our natural resources, and through its bulletins it is telling its members promptly and plainly when and how to strike. Tts influence upon IeEislation is already making itself felt. hut its leaders feel that the work has only begun and that they need the coijperation of every thinking man and woman who deems it worth while to make an effort to see that the resources of the public domain, of which every American citizen is part owner, are used and held for the oermanent benefit of the whole people. Acting individually, no American citizen can get good conservation laws passed or keep bad laws from passing, hut acting together the people can stop unregulated monopoly of our natural resources and can ensure that resources already privately owned, but essential to the public welfare, are held not merely for personal gain, but as a public trust. As to the principles for which the leaders of the conservation movement are fighting, the story is told most clearly and succinctly in their own words: The National Conservation Association is fighting for the prompt and orderly development of our natural resources, for the welfare of ourselves and our children, and for the rights of the plain people. The Association is bound neither by political considerations nor official connections. It is free to speak the whole truth. That conservation means the use of olir tlatural resources for the benefit of us a11 and not merely for the profit of a few is already household knowledge. The task which the National Conservation Association has set itself is to get this principle into practical effect. *The question is not simply whether our
REVIEWS
natural resources shall be conserved or whether they shall be destroyed. The ultimate question is, For whom shall the natural resources be conserved and who shall reap the benefit? On one side are the highly organized forces which have fattened upon unregulated monopoly and which are striving for government by money for profit. On the other side are the plain American citizens who are striving for govThe ernment by men for human welfare. real reason why conservation has the support of ail the people is that it is a moral issue. The National Conservation Association advocates definite and practical measures for the conservation of our natural resources. It is opposing, and will continue to oppose, all measures, legislative or administrative, from whatever source, in conflict with conservation. The Association urges the protection of the source waters of navigable streams through the purchase or control by the Nation of the necessary land within their drainage basins ; the enactment and enforcement by State and Nation of effective laws for forest fire patrol in all forests, whether publicly or privately owned; the public regulation of timber cutting on all forest lands whose conservation is essential to the public welfare; the separation for purposes of taxation of the timber from the land on which it grows; and the support and extension of practical forestry. For the conservation and fullest immediate use of inland waters the Association holds as essential the preparation. by a commission appointed by the President of the United States, of a comprehensive plan for waterway improvement extending to all the uses of the waters and the henefits to he derived from their control. It is striving for the incorporation in all future waterpower grants by State and Nation, of adequate provision for prompt development on pain of forfeiture, payment of reasonahle compensation periodically readjusted, the limitation of the grant to fifty years, and recognition of the rights nf the apprnpriatr public authnritics to rcgnlatc rates of service. The Association advocates Icgislatin!l whereby the title to the surface of public lands and to the minerals therein shall he granted separately; and it holds as necessary to the public welfare the conservation and control of the unappropriated public 6%
ALS IK KAN: NOTES:

range lands by the Government in the interests of the stockman and homemakers and subject at all times to homestead entry. The Association stands for the retention by the Government of the title to all public lands still publicly owned which contain gas, phosphate rock, coal, oil or natural and their development by private enterprise under terms that will prevent extortion and waste. And it urges the enactment of legislation to prolong our coal supply, to reduce waste in mining, and to safeguard human life in the mines. Finally, the Association will strive to further all legislation wisely designed to diminish sickness, prevent accident, and increase the joy and comfort of American life, believing that human efficiency, health and happiness are natural resources quite as important as forests, waters, land and minerals. Each booklet contains a membership blank, giving particulars as to terms of membership. If you are interested in the subject send for one, addressing your request to the National Conservation AssoColorado Building, Washington, ciation, D. C.
REVIEWS
comes back to his French home after five or six years spent at an English school, is the real opening of the story. There is a deep understanding and sympathy between the brother and sister, and a devotion SO unselfish that when there appears to be a chance for Marguerite to be cured of the malady that keeps her a bedridden invalid, Rem? joins a geographical expedition that is about to explore the wilds of South America because in no other way mn he earn so quickly the money for the necessary course of treatment. There he meets a strange, haunting, appealing creature whom those familiar with the earlier book instantly recognize as the boy Arthur Burton, changed bv years of hardship, privation and inconceivable torture to the being known later as The Gadfly. He has been a slave, a circus clown,-anything and everything by which he could keep wretched body and wretcheder soul together until he could carry out his great purpose of returning to wreak vengeance on the Church in Italy. Renk is the means of his being engaged as interpreter to the expedition, and from doubt and keen antagonism a warm affection springs up between the two and they become like REVIEWS brothers. In this book Arthur has already AN INTERRUPTED FRIENDSHIP: BY 1,. assumed the name of Felix Rivarez, by L. VOYNICH which he is known in the latter Dart of RS. Voynichs strange psychological The Gadfly, and he gives to Renk somenovel, The Gadfly, prepared the thing of the idealistic devotion that, as the way for an even more subtle stucl! boy Arthur, he had given to The Padrr. of the tortuous ways of the hu1na11 In Reds life Felix comes next to Mnl-soul which she calls An Tnterruptetl rue&e, and after the expedition returns to It is, in a way, a yp-pel to Friendship. France the friendship is kept un. At first The Gadfly, but unlike most sequels it Marguerite is fiercely .iealous of the black does not pick up the story where the first jaguar, as she calls him, who claims so book left off and carry it on to a conclusion. great a share of her brothers attention, but Instead of that, it is itse!f the story of the finally she too succumbs to the spell of that lost thirteen years that intervene between irresistible personality, and her wits, preterthe first and second parts of The Gadfly. naturalIy keen in any case and sharpened The strange, compelling personality of 7% aImost to .clairvoyance by her love for the Gadfly dominates this book as it did the man, pierce through his disguise and niece other, although he is supposed to play but toEether something of the outline of his a secondary part in the d.evelopment of the history. Both Renk and Felix are unconplot. In the beginning of the storv the scious of .this until finally, in a burst of reader is introduced to a French fam.ily of anguish, Marguerite reveals to FrlG that whom the most interesting members are the she knows s0methin.g of his paat life. As Marquis de Martourelles, who belongs to aDparently there could he no possible wav the old noblesse; his second son Ren.2, and of her finding out the secret unless Re& his little crippled daughtef Marguerite, who had told her, and as RmC knew nothing has been sent away to hr brought up at the except what had been revealed by FeIi.1 home of an intensely pious maiden aunt. himself in delirium, the overstrained sensiThe childs passionate revolt against priestly tiveness of the man leaps to the conclusion domination and her rescue by Renk, who that he has been betrayed again, and by his
606
CRAFTSMAN
ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT
ANTIQUES
secnredfrom tbe best old New England
homes. I ransack 1000 attics annually. Specify the pieces you are in quest.of and write for photos :tnd descriptive matter.
Hand Braided Rugs

made from new material by New England housewives. Send for photos and ltng List. Rugs sent on approval upon receipt of reference.
Burlindton Venetian Blinds
Ralph Warren Burnham

Ipswich in Massachusetts
Write Edwin A. Jackson & Brother, 41 Beekman Street, New York, for Catalogue of the Ventilating Grates.
i TOOLS forLEATHER andMETAL CRAFTS 1
I-Directions
c
for making Bowls. Plates and Trays; Repous~e Work, . the and Equipment for Metal Work; Hammers, FOIXIS. AIIVI~S, Repousse Outfits, Gas Generators, Tools and Tool Outfits.
Send SC.for our new illustrated incltruction book and catalog of leatherand metal workers LWplies:
Use of Toolsj Porters Tools; Dappmg Tools; Home Out R t: Leather Work
Bench C&a
W. H.. PORTER MFG. CO., Phipps Power Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. I
INEXPENSIVEARTICLES FOR CARD PRIZES

Gives a charming touch of the antique to a fireplace. Send for our Hints on Fireplace C0nstmction.9~ The H. W. Covert Company, 166 Duane Street. New York. I I
I
Many unusual and artistic articles,
mailed new,
postpaid for only 50 cents each, are illus-
trated and described in a splendid, free catalog No. 52 issued by
NATIVE
GEMS
THE
FROST
WORKSHOPS
DAYTON, OHIO
We are specialists in Native Gems, which we furnish direct from mine to customer rough or cut. We handle im imitations: nothing but genuine stones. Our specialties are Mexican Fire Opals. Turquoise. Arizona Rubies and Peridots, Agates and Topaz. Special prices to arts and craft workers. A good quality of genuine Mexican Opal, assorted stones in white to cherry colors, 1 to 5 carats each in weight, for $1.50 per dozen; $10.00 per hundred. Large stock of rare Mexican Fire Opals. Writ.? today for our art booklet in colors The New Way of Buying Gems.
No. 6 CEDAR
ROAD,
artistic homes.
modern. 5enl~o5tpaxl for P.CQ. B?.Inple pagea free
DepLNT8,
THE FRANCIS E. LESTER Mesilla Park -
COMPANY New Mexico
ohn Henry newson,
Architect

XXXlll
...
CRAFTSMAN
Al3VIXltTISING
DIEPAT~TMENT
Its Different
PARQUET FLOORS
PLAIA OR ORNAMENTAGTHICK
AARDIOCD COhaohat!zrer.,
POLISHED
HARDWOOD
Special
I
Offer
\
OR THIN
The Craftsman Craftsmen Gustav New
(1 year) Homes,
$3.00
Prices and catalogue of design FREE.

THE IATERICR Imdlaam~all~, Ind.
Stickleys . . . . 2.00 plans
Book
Any one of our 90 house
Creo-Dipt Shingles
No shingle house is built right without them.
Wrife for ou, booklet,Shingle Economy
All for $3.75

Write et once for booklets
Standard Stained Shingle Co.

Tonawanda, N. Y.
GUSTAV
THE 61 West 34th
STICKLEY
CRAFTSMAN St., N. Y. City
E want new subscribers to THE CRAFTSMAN, and On September 1st we will want you to help us get them. issue a Premium ,Catalogue, containing more than 40 different Craftsman articles which we will give absolutely free to persons who will get these new subscribers for us. Start in now, send
w
them
in at once
and see how many
you can secure..
EDGAR E. PHILLIPS-The
41 West 34th
Kindly mentbn The Craftsman
Craftsman
Street, New York

xxxiv
lxst friend. It is characteristic of him that he makes no scene, utters no accusation, l)ut simply gives a reception, invites all his Friends, makes a jesting talc of an incident which he and Krr& m111ually rcgartl as sacred to their frientlshil) in South America, Not long alterand leaves for Vienna. ward they hear of his execution in a Papal fortress. The book is absolutely incomprehensible to anyone who has not read The Gadfly, but, given this key to its meaning, it is a masterly exposition of the distortion under untold suffering of an exquisitely idcaliatic nature. The strange magnetism of I& Gadflv himself is felt even more strongly in th& book than in the other. It is hart1 to conceive that an individuality so vividly, thrillingly alive can be a mere creation of the authors fancy. (Published by The Mnc401 pages. millan Company, New York. Price, $1.50.) THE RURAL LIFlc 1ROI)LEM IN TIIE UNITED SIAIES: SY SIR -HORACE 1LUNKElI HE problem of rural life in America, as Sir Horace Plunkett sees it, is not unlike that which he has coped with so successfully in his own country, for the crux of it lies in the failure of the farmer to adopt business methods in both farming and marketing and so make himself a part of the great business organization of the nation. This book is by no means the usual foreign criticism of American conditions. Sir Horace Plunkett spent ten years ranching and farming in the West, and throughout all his activities at home in Ireland he has been a close student of rural conditions in this country, so that he is thoroughly familiar with his subject. The early part of the book is devoted to a clear and succinct statement of the situation as it exists. Therefore its subject matter is fairly familiar to anyone who has made a study of the country life question, and its chief value would be to foreigners or to Americans who have no clear idea of the problem as a whole. But in the last two chapters the author goes straight to what he believes to be the solution. In the first place, he advocates earnestly the adoption of what we know ltere in the East as the Western methods of farming ; that is, the organization of farmers into large business associations ; cotiperation in the ownership and use of
farIll nlachiiiery, in the facilities afforded for packing atltl marketing, and ordinary l)?isiness methods applied to the shipmellt :tml sale nf the produce. A number of these ~lSSCKktliotiS exist, bllt what we need, acc.orcling lo Sir I lorace Flunkett, is a coiitxlitlatioli ol tltcsc separate bodies into a uatiuu-witlc assc~?ation similar to the National Conservation Association. To this end he urges that the country life movement be closely connected with the conservation movement, of which it is logically a part, and that a temporary body be created for the purpose of five years active propaganda for the formation of local organizations all over the country under the guidance of a permanent central body. Iu adclition to this hc recommends the establishment of a Country T,ife Institute for ihe purpose of prolonged economic and social inquiry over a wide field, so that the experience of other countries may be studied and made immediately available, thus carrying on a world-wide interchange of discovery and experience in the best methods of farming. (Published by The Macmillan Company. 174 pages. Price, $1.25.) MODERN CABINET WORK, FURNITURE AND FITMENTS: BY PERCY A. WELLS AND JOHN HOOPER RAFT workers in this country will welcome warmly an exhaustive work on modern cabinetmaking, written by Mr. Percy A. Wells,-who is at the head of the Cabinet Department in the Shoreditch Technical Institute in London, and advisory instructor of the Central School of Arts and Crafts,-in collaboration with Mr. John Hooper, a prominent member of the City and Guilds of London Institute and also of the Carpenters Company. The special value of the book lies in the fact that it illustrates step by step the practice of the craft of cabinetmaking in all its applications, from the making of a joint to the preparation, setting out and complete construction of the many types of furniture and woodwork which the cabinetmaker is It is written with called upon, to make. reference to modern processes and materials, and is designed to meet the needs of craftsmen and workers engaged in the trade as well as those of home workers who are interested in furniture. There are seventeen chapters, each one profusely illustrated with drawings and diagrams of tools, details that show methods of workmanship,
67
AT23 IK KAN:
alId draWill@ alld ~JhttJgraphS Of
NOTES:
REVIEWS
C.XXn-
pleted pieces. The first chapt.er* deals at length with tools, appliances and materials, giving pictures of all the various sorts, their technical names and uses, the care of them, and a description of all the materials needed in a cabinetmakers workshop. Following this is a chapter devoted to drawing, geometry and design, which tells the workman exactly what he needs of the theoretical side of his craft and how best to go about the necessary training. The succeeding chapters are given to workshop practice, including detailed instructions in setting out and preparing stuff, making all sorts of joints and dovetailing, cutting tenons, mortising, making doors and drawers, building up curved work, making tables of all kinds, and so leading by degrees up to the construction of more elaborate furniture. The greater part of the book is devoted to the careful technical instruction, but there is also a chapter on the historic styles of furniture, with examples of furniture by modern designers, and another ,on the various sorts of woods and the best methods of handling them. At the end of the volume is a glossary of technical and workshop terms, names and references, and a list of books on historic furniture. (American edition published by John Lane Company, New York. Illustrated with half-tones and line drawings. 384 pages. Price, $5.oo net.) THE INSLLIMTION OF POETRY: BY GEORGE EDWARD WOODBERRY IGHT lectures on the source of poetic energy, given by Mr. George Edward Woodberry before the Lowell Institute in Boston four years ago, have been gathered together in a book under the title of The Inspiration of Poetry. Mr. Woodberry introduces his subject with a chapter on the origin and varying expressions of the poetic madness, which throughout the ages has made all poets a race apart. It is only in modern times that they have come to be regarded merely as men endowed with the gifts of vivid imagination and power of expression,-or perhaps it is that the understanding of the rest of mankind has risen to a level so much higher than that of the old days, that poets no longer tower far above the rest of humanity or regard themselves as being possessed of any form of madness, divine or otherwise. Mr. Woodberry instances Kit Marlowe as the very type of the mad extravagant
poet whose life was burned up try the fires of uncontrolled genius; the man who impressed his stamp upon the whole literature of the Elizabethan age. Another phase of poetic genius is shown in the Portuguese Camoens, the maker of the great modern epic in which was told the story of his own Byron changeful and adventurous life. naturally stands high in the list of men favored by the gods with the divine afflatus, but Mr. Woodberry finds the source of his genius in the impression made upon him by the sunny lands that border the Mediterranean Sea, and attributes his power over the thought of his age to the fact that people were more than ready to welcome poetry that brought to them the glamour of romance and of the East. Gray is selected as a typical minor poet, whose music was all in a quiet key, and Tasso is chosen to exemplify the subtle genius of his country Lucretius, the prophet of the and time. reign of reason in place of paganism, closes The list of the six poets who represent the different types of poetic genius, and the impression of the whole is summed up in a scholarly and delightful essay on the theory of inspiration considered from an abstract point. of view. (Published by The Macmillan Company, New York. 232 pages. Price, ,$1.25.) HOME DECORATION: BY DOROTHY TUKE PRIESTMAN RACTICAL books on the furnishing and decorating of dwellings are always welcoine to housekeepers who have a genuine desire to make their homes charming, but who do not always know how to go about it. Miss Priestman, who has been brought up from childhood in an environment which, gave her every opportunity to study this subject, has given us a particularly straightforward and helpful little book containing many suggestions and practical directions for the treatment of roonis, and showing what ought not to be done as well as the things that are admissible in a pleasant and restful room. The treatment of walls, the selection of furniture and floor coverings, color schemes, the arrangement of rooms, the treatment of woods and hangings, and the best ways to make .the most of small spaces, are some of the subjects that are dealt with in a way that is both pleasant and useful. (Published by The Penn Publishing Company, Philadelphia. Illustrated. 198 pages. Price, $I.OO net.)
608
ALS IK KAN: NOTES:

NATHAN WE BURKE: BY MARY S. WATTS
REVIEWS
seem to be developing a school of American writers who turn for literary material to a part of the life of this country that hitherto has been Ieft practically untouched by the novelist. We have had historical novels of the romantic Colonial and Revolutionary days; we have had novels of the Civil War, of cowboy life on the Western plains, of metropolitan life in the East, and village life in New England, but it is only lately that we are getting really notable novels of the Middle West in that raw and unpicttiresque period that preceded the Civil War. The way was opened by Mr. William Allen Whites delightful story A Certain Rich Man, and now Mrs. Mary S. Watts follows with Nathan Burke. This book purports to be an autobiography written in the third person by Nathan B&V himself, and the impersonal tone which is thus given to his account of his own adventures is relieved now and again by an apparently inadvertent dropping into the first person when the story grows specially interesting, a device that is unusual and that adds much to the human interest of the tale. Nathan Burke is a typical Western American of the time of the Mexican War, and his story gives a vivid picture of the country as it was in those primitire days. The historical characters who are necessarily introduced are kept in the hackground, appearing only as they might naturally do in the recollections of a man who had fought as a young fellow in the war and who had casually encountered the notable politicians and warriors of that day. Reginning as a chore-boy in a Southern family that had moved to Ohio, NathaPz Burke follows the usual course of an ambitious young chap in those days, clerking in a store, studying law in the evenings and finally gaining admission to the bar. He remains a lawyer to the end of his Iik. but in the meantime took an active part in the political strife of the day, and went through the Mexican War, coming out as a brigadier-general at the close. The rugged, kindly common sense of Burke himself shows In every page, especially in his keen observation and characterization of the primitive pioneer folk around him. In strong contrast to these is the vividly typical Sotithern family with whom he took service as a bov. The head
of the house, Mr. Ducey, is one of those ornamental Southern gentlemen with flowery ideas and a lofty disregard of detail that becomes rather embarrassing when taken in connection with his fondness for spending money. MKT. Ducey is a woman who could easily furnish material for a psychological novel of which she was the central figure, for she is one of those careless, self-satisfied, well-meaning women who, pursuing their own course through life without the remotest intention of harming anyone, make more mischief than could easily be done by an accomplished villain. She is a masterpiece of selfish, complacent irresponsibility, and works havoc in every direction. The only son, Geor.ge Ducey, is exactly the sort of boy and man one would expect from such parents, and develops a character which unhappily is by no means rare even yet, but which does not perpetuate itself sufficiently to become a persistent type. This book is one that requires leisurely reading, for it is long and filled with more or less discursive detail, but every page is interesting, and when the book is finished the reader feels as if he had been actually living in the early thirties. (Published bv The Macmillan Company, Nrw York. 628 pages. Price, $1.50.) OSRU: BY JUSTIN STERNS HE idea of the development of a soul through many incarnations, during which it grows by getting its iust deserts for a11 the good and evil committed during the chain of earth lives, is the foundation for a story entitled Osru : A Tale of Many Incarnations. It purports to he a partial history of the soul of Nero, and each chapter deals with a succeeding incarnation in which the erstwhile emperor of the Remans pays in full the debt wLicI1 hc has incurred to humanity by his proceedings as a despot. To explain Nero in the first place, the opening chapter in the history of his soul shows him as an Egyptian paraschites who has just been compelled to make the eight incisions required by law in the body of Rameses the First, and who was stoned and finally killed by the multitude in conseBorn. into the most despised class quence. in Egypt, the mans soul is a seething mass of hatred and lust for power. He has lived in fancy the life of a despot, making insects and small animals impersonate the human beings upon whom he longs to wreak some
ALS IK KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
form of fiendish vengeance. The force of the desire controlling his next incarnation makes him the Emperor Kcro, whose history alI the world knn\vs. antI retribution COmCs to him later as a ga11ey slave ; a Hinclu W.XII;~IIwho is compelled to undergo s~ttcc; :I lifelong prisoner: an abused and maltreated woman of the streets, and a black slave who must bear children for her owner to sell down the river, until at last, as an .Imerican soltlier. he voluntarily sacrifices his lift for the good of humanity by offering himself as one of the volanteers to undergo the experiments Iltcessary to discover the germ of yellow fever. The idea of the booI< is most interesting. and the fact that it is carried nut in brief suggcstivc sketcllcs. in whicll the stnrv of each succectling life i< sriggcqtctl in c)IlC cllaractcri~lic scene. prevents it from being tedio!ls. .Is a pnrahlc of the T;.astcrn doctrinc of rrincarnation ant1 karma. it offers to tllc average reader a bcttcr explanation nf the workings of that philoq~hv than would hc found in man\ a serinns trrnti<c clcvntctl to the srlbicct. ~(Pr~hlishcrl hy The T,cnns Publishing C~q,any. New York. 197 paps. Price. 9;1.25,) CAVANiZGII: I~OI~l%Ilt.\RGEl~: l3Y IIh~CLIN G:\liT,hND N his la&t 1)OOli 3rI-. T-Taiiiliii G;I~I;HIII has ,qivrn 11s :I picture of the nin~lcril \Ic+C. aiitl the tliwir lw liaq rlihwi i; tllc \tni,g$c I~~l\wci~ the r( brr4 r:iny,rcr. \vl111 iq giving Iii\ lifr :iiitl strui,$li tn tllc c;iIIw of rnriGrr\ nlicui, nritl Ihc Inwlew cni tlr owllcl~~. wlio rcqviit furiori5l~ llic rcstrictimis jmt rlpnli tlicir flccclnm to rnh the C;o~crlllllcllt ;lll(l lllC pcoplc as 1llc.V cl1nosc An iiitrn-
appalling, but having a good tleal of the constructive spirit of the West, she sets about the task of reorganizing her slurrnnnclings. It is uphill work, but she SLICceeds in a mcasnre, and the story of her success blends with the story of Ca-~a~ruglr, \vho is spending his life in an attempt to reorganize conditions on a scale which affects the whole country. (Prlhlishcrl 1~1 Harper & Rros., New York. Tllrlstratcd. 300 pages Price. $r.so.) THE ~JNDESlRART,E GOVERNESS: F. MARION CR.11VFORD 1lY
tlrictim hv ?Mr. GiffArrl stamp of Official npl)rmd
Pinclint sets the upon the honk a5
a11 nrgiimcrit in f;i\-1 lr of cnii<crvxtinn, and the Ilil)lic INS ;111wtl\- csprcqsccl in no mlc-crtniil Ic%rrii+its ;ijq~i~~valof tllr s;tory as a 5tnrv.
it not for the nnme nn the title p~~cr. nnr could hardly hrlievc The TTntlc<irnhle Gnvcrncss WIS the work of the latcl F. Marion Crawford. It is a sparkIin?!. plenslnt little stnrv enoueh. but neither in plot nnr in +le is it nt all like the hooks we arr accrlstnmrd to sw under this wcllknown ~lnmr. Tt is a story of life in Engiand. nn(l the characters are lightly and There is a promcliarniin~lv 5ltctclied in incnt cn,lnt\ family with a well-hred and rather <pnrt\r nlrl fntlicr, an aristocratic and c:etcrnlincd mnthcr. three Tons and two chnrminq brat mnst clisturhing young rlarl~b trr<. \vlln qtcnl the huntrrq nut of thrir ctahlcz for r;Iccq in the paddnck. chrerfully branch their fathers rrame and fish. and qpcnd tlit=ir tilne in similar pranks. No pcrllrss has hcen ahlc to stay with thiq pail nickles. for either thry 1~1~ 1-r yor111g r!lemsel\~ beyond control nr tllc gnvc~-nc~~ !,rnves tnn prettv to he left znfel!. iI1 thr Ilrighhorhood of Colonel Fnllc.ff nnll hi< So tlic nri<tncratic three grown sons. mnther frankly advertise5 for 211 nnnttrnctive governess, and by the nest train nnr arrives who fulfills all the rcquircmcntc, for she has a red nose, a hlntcb on one check. and one shoulder bighcr than the othrr 1\4any amusing things II;I~~I~c~ hcfnrr it trail-pires that this undcsiral)Ic z:ovcrncss is ;III extremely pretty girl. cleverly made rip fol the part, because she iq in qecrct the fi~nr6r of the eldest son antI \vi4cs to ::CC ncquainted with the family wilhntlt 1~1-ci11dic r A couple nf Iin11rs might Iw wliilrcl ;Iw:4\ very I)leasaiillv \vith lliis hool;, 101. it i4 11fA ;I Id story, I)rlt it ha< 11ot ;I II-;IW nf thr of >Iari~~il (-r;~\vFn~-cI peciili:ii~ cbariii ( Publishetl bv TIIC \lacmillan Co~llpany. h:ew York. Tllrlstratctl. 23j IXigCs. Prier T1.w)
ERT;

The Craftsman - 1910 - 08 - August

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

The Craftsman - 1910 - 08 - August

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CRAI~ISMAN

are strictly retailers products

Tiffany Blue Book sent upon request

Fifth Avenue & 37th Street New York

A Bathroom That WillGive A Life-time of Service

Frontispiece and the Square Deal

A New Political The

Party Founded of Modern

Art to that of China and Japan

In the Market-Place An Adjusted Modem

To a Meadow The The Hermit,

BJ~ Edward Wilbur- Mason

and the Jester Drama

As Presented Illustrated ane Addams: f &.&rated

People Who Interest

Land in Long Island Made into Good Farms

Be Built in the East Camp . World

The Value of Concrete Illustrated Craftsman Designs Illustrated

By the Year, $3.00

in United States; $3.50 in Canada;

23d Street New York

Ready for Use after Dissolvfn~

screw top cans, containing

The contents of a can added a gallon of stain.

SO Cents Tavern Oak Light Oak Ebony

Fumed Oak Green Oak Flemish Oak

Weathered Oak English Oak Walriut Rosewood

Brown Oak Antwerp Oak Mahogany Cherry

101 Fultoa Street, New York

176 Randolph Street, Ckica~o

Cbe ljeintz Jlrt metal Shop

Teco Pottery And Cordova Leather BARCLAY

Choice Examples Always on Vim

SMALL BRONZES and VOLKMAR POTTERY

IuMANS MANUAI OF ARTI STS COLORS

Strathmore Quality Cover Papers

MARK The Strathmoye Quality * Mills Mittineague, Mass., U. S. A.

Ave. and 146th

St., New York,U.

.Xlv .nix . iy .x4:. .XXIu

ROOFING MATERIALS Ruberoid

TIMBER .uviii ETC. ..xxv ii

SPECIAL OFFERS, PRIZES,

ENGRAVING ImperlalEngravingCo.. .............. xi

FURNITURE Ydhery, Jar., k Co ................ Wll,Arthur,Jr.,&Co.. ........ .iv xxix

Yes, You Can Refinish Any Piece of Furniture

Johnsons Wood Dye

S. C. JOHNSON & SON

of Johnam's \\'r,od,k,.. Slla~le No. . an4 sa,,,p,o of Jolmson'~ L'rc,,arer, \\'.ln.

Kindly mention The Craftsman

of the year are in the

Alice Brown John R. Spears

Dorothy Canfield Gerald Chittenden

John Fox, Jr.,

A very nofable feature of this number will be

The Prince of Pencils -

A CRAFTSMAn Made In Gradea 6B, cjc for Sampk

WINSOR & NEWTON

01, Vehicles Nos. 1 & 2

3 NEW OIL COLORS SPECTRUM:

A. & S. ESPOSITER CO.

YORK OFFICE SALESROOM :

Fttlly Epuzp$f?ed to g,ic msir?rctiim L

Duveneck and others

L. W. MILLER. PrimdpL --.