Technical Data

BLUE SHEET
Stainless Steel AL 468
Dual Stabilized - Low Titanium Stainless Steel (UNS 46800, ASTM A240)
Allegheny Ludlum Corporation u Pittsburgh, PA

GENERAL PROPERTIES
The AL 468 alloy is an 18% chromium ferritic stainless steel. By dual stabilizing with titanium and columbium, the alloy chemistry is balanced to provide a low titanium content resulting in a significant reduction in objectionable titanium related surface defects that may be associated with titanium stabilized Type 439 alloys. Formability and corrosion data indicate the AL 468 alloy will exhibit the same properties as Type 439. The composition of AL 468 stainless steel has been balanced to provide a completely ferritic structure at all temperatures, to avoid the loss of ductility after welding and to provide resistance to intergranular corrosion. Similar ferritic stainless steels such as Type 430 and Type 434 are susceptible to brittle martensite formation after welding and to intergranular corrosion sensitivity in the aswelded condition. The AL 468 alloy does not require annealing after welding to restore ductility or to provide intergranular corrosion resistance. The use of properly controlled titanium plus columbium stabilizers provide sufficient weld ductility to minimize cracking that can occur with columbium stabilized stainless. The low titanium content also improves brazing characteristics. The AL 468 alloy is designed to resist corrosion in a variety of oxidizing environments from fresh water to boiling acids. It may be used in either the annealed, cold formed, or as-welded condition in many applications where other stainless steel alloys such as Type 304, Type 410, Type 409 and Type 430 are used. AL 468 alloy may also be used in many oxidizing environments where Type 304 is considered adequate in terms of general corrosion resistance, but is subject to chloride stress corrosion cracking. When application temperatures are too high for Type 409, the AL 468 alloy provides good oxidation and corrosion resistance for many automotive exhaust system components and residential furnace primary heat exchangers.
Trademark of ATI Properties, Inc. U.S. Patent No. 4,834,808

For shell and tube heat exchangers where carbon steel shells are used with AL 468 tubes, the close match of thermal expansion coefficients sometimes eliminates the need for an expansion joint in the heat exchanger. The AL 468 alloy has a low cobalt content, compared to Type 304, making it an attractive candidate for nuclear applications.

COMPOSITION
Table 1 shows the AL 468 alloy typical composition and the ASTM A240 limits (in weight %). Element AL 468 ASTM A240 UNS 46800

0.03 max Carbon 0.009 1.00 max Manganese 0.40 0.040 max Phosphorus 0.024 0.030 max Sulfur 0.001 1.00 max Silicon 0.55 18 - 20 18.25 Chromium 0.50 max 0.22 Nickel 0.10 *0.070 - 0.030 Titanium 0.10 - 0.60 0.25 Columbium 0.030 max 0.016 Nitrogen --0.03 Aluminum Balance Balance Iron * Ti + Cb = 0.20 + 4(C+N) min, 0.80 max

STRUCTURE
AL 468 alloy is a ferritic (body centered cubic structure) steel. Its density is equal to 0.278 lb/in 3 (7.695 g/cm3).

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Data are typical and should not be construed as maximum or minimum values for specification or for final design. Data on any particular piece of material may vary from those shown herein.

Stainless Steel AL 468

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SPECIFICATIONS
The AL 468 alloy is listed in ASTM A240 and has the designation UNS 46800.

COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

Table 3 - AL 468 Test Temperature Range C F 20-100 68-212 20-500 68-932 20-800 68-1472 20-1000 68-1832 Mean Coefficient cm/cmC in/inF 5.6x10-6 10.2x10-6 6.4x10-6 11.6x10-6 -6 6.9x10-6 12.5x10 7.5x10-6 13.6x10-6

AVAILABILITY
The AL 468 alloy is available as sheet and strip coil in the annealed condition with widths to 48" and thicknesses to 0.125".

CORROSION RESISTANCE
The AL 468 alloy exhibits the same general corrosion resistance as Types 439 and 304L. Comparative corrosion rates in various laboratory tests are shown in Table 2. Like all ferritic grades of stainless steel, the AL 468 alloy is highly resistant to stress corrosion cracking.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Table 4 - Typical mechanical properties at room temperature. Yield Strength (ksi) Tensile Strength (ksi) Elongation % In 2" Hardness (Rb) AL 468 42 67 32 75 ASTM Limits 30 min 60 min 22 min 90 max

Table 2 - Corrosion Rate Corrosion Rate (inches per month) AL 468 Type 439 Base Metal Weld Base Metal Weld ASTM G-48* 10% Ferric Chloride Rubber Band Test ASTM A262 Practice B Ferric Sulfate* Sulfuric Acid ASTM A262 Practice C 65% Nitric ASTM A262 Practice E Copper-Copper Sulfate-Sulfuric 180 Bend 20% Acetic Acid 45% Formic Acid 20% Phosphoric Acid 0.0273 0.0305 0.0255 0.0250

Type 304L Base Metal Weld 0.0232 0.0238

0.0069

0.0071

0.0068

0.0061

0.0017

0.0017

0.0095

0.0075

0.002

0.015

0.0008

0.0006

OK

OK

OK

OK

OK

OK

0.00001 0.0064 0.00005

0.00001 0.0573 0.00004

0.00003 0.0396 0.00002

0.00001 0.0344 0.00005

0.00001 0.0012 0.0117

0.00002 0.0016 0.0024

* Room Temperature - All other Solutions Boiling.

Data are typical and should not be construed as maximum or minimum values for specification or for final design. Data on any particular piece of material may vary from those shown herein.

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Technical Data BLUE SHEET

ELEVATED TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES
Table 5 - Elevated temperature tensile properties of AL 468 alloy are shown in the following table and graphically in Figure 1. Temperature F(C) 70 (21) 200 (93) 400 (204) 600 (315) 800 (426) 900 (482) 1000 (537) 1100 (593) 1200 (648) 1300 (704) 1400 (760) 1500 (815) 1600 (871) 1700 (924) Yield Strength (ksi) 41 37 32 28 27 25 24 20 17 13 9 5 4 --Tensile Strength (ksi) 67 62 56 51 47 44 41 36 30 21 13 8 5 3 Elongation % 33 30 26 22 20 19 17 17 18 21 30 42 55 70

Figure 1

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 500

Strength (ksi) or Elongation (%)

Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation

AL 468

1000
Temperature (F)

1500

2000

Data are typical and should not be construed as maximum or minimum values

3 for specification or for final design. Data on any particular piece of material may vary from those shown herein. 04/01

Stainless Steel AL 468

Visit our Website at www.alleghenyludlum.com CYCLIC OXIDATION - In still air.

Cyclic oxidation resistance is measured by repeatedly resistance heating 0.002" thick x 0.25" wide foil samples for two minutes and cooling to room temperature for two minutes for each cycle. Failure occurs when the foil oxidizes through the 2 mil thickness. A total of 2,000 cycles are arbitrarily considered to represent a maximum useful temperature limit under these cyclic conditions. Results under cyclic oxidation testing are shown graphically in Figure 3.

OXIDATION RESISTANCE
Laboratory cyclic and continuous oxidation resistance measurements are useful in comparing or screening candidate alloys for specific elevated temperature service applications. Under both cyclic and continuous oxidation testing the useful temperature limit for the AL 468 alloy appears to be at least 100F (37C) higher than Type 439.

CONTINUOUS OXIDATION - 100 hours in still air.

Tests are conducted at a controlled dew point in the range of 33F - 43F (0C - 6C). It is considered that 1.5 mg/ cm2 weight gain represents a useful limit for oxidation at the specific testing temperature. Following are weight gain data comparing AL 468 alloy to Type 439 and Type 304.

3500 3000 Cycles to Failure 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1700 1800

Figure 3 Cyclic Oxidation

T304 T409 T439 AL468

Table 6 Weight Gain (mg/cm2 in 100 Hours) Temperature F (C) AL 468 Type 439 Type 304 1400 (760) 0.10 0.24 0.11 0.30 1500 (815) 0.25 0.45 0.60 1600 (870) 0.46 0.68 3.46 1700 (927) 0.85 1.40 7.0 1800 (982) 1.33 2.25 40.7 1900 (1038) 2.20 3.40 2000 (1093) 3.30 --121

1900 2000 Temperature (F)

2100

2200

FORMABILITY
The AL 468 alloy has formability characteristics similar to AL 439 HP alloy.

WELDABILITY
The AL 468 alloy was high frequency welded into exhaust manifold tubing. Subsequent tubing formability tests produced good results confirming satisfactory HF welding characteristics.

Figure 2 100 Hour Continuous Oxidation Test

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AL468 T439

Wieght Gain (mg/cm )

T304

0 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Temperature (F)

Data are typical and should not be construed as maximum or minimum values for specification or for final design. Data on any particular piece of material may vary from those shown herein.

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