Traverse Calculations

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/topics/travcalc.html

TRAVERSE CALCULATIONS
PROCEDURE FOR TRAVERSE CALCULATIONS
Adjust angles or directions Determine bearings or azimuths Calculate and adjust latitudes and departures Calculate rectangular coordinates

BALANCING ANGLES OF CLOSED TRAVERSES

An example of a calculation involving interior angles is available.

ADJUSTING ANGLES
Adjustments applied to angles are independent of the size of the angle Methods of adjustment: Make larger corrections where mistakes were most likely Apply an average correction to each angle Or a combination Never make an adjustment that is smaller than the measured accuracy

DETERMINING BEARINGS OR AZIMUTHS

Requires the direction of at least one line within the traverse to be known or assumed For many purposes, an assumed direction is sufficient A magnetic bearing of one of the lines may be measured and used as the reference for determining the other directions For boundary surveys, true directions are needed

LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

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Traverse Calculations

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/topics/travcalc.html

The latitude of a line is its projection on the north-south meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the cosine of its bearing The departure of a line is its projection on the east-west meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the sine of its bearing The latitude is the y component of the line and the departure is the x component of the line

LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

CLOSURE OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

The algebraic sum of all latitudes must equal zero or the difference in latitude between the initial and final control points The algebraic sum of all departures must equal zero or the difference in departure between the initial and final control points

CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Using bearings
Station A N 26 10'E 285.10 B +255.88 +125.72 Bearing Length Latitude Departure

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Traverse Calculations

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/topics/travcalc.html

S 75 25'E 610.45 C S 15 30'W 720.48 D N 1 42'W E N 53 06'W 647.02 A MISCLOSURE 203.00

-153.70 -694.28 +202.91 +388.48 -0.71

+590.78 -192.54 -6.02 -517.41 +0.53

CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Using azimuths
Station Azimuth Length Latitude Departure A 26 10' B 104 35' 610.45 C 195 30' 720.48 D 358 18' 203.00 E 306 54' 647.02 A MISCLOSURE -0.71 +0.53 +388.48 -517.41 +202.91 -6.02 -694.28 -192.54 -153.70 +590.78 285.10 +255.88 +125.72

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Compass (Bowditch) Rule

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

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Traverse Calculations

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/topics/travcalc.html

Station Azimuth A 26 10' B 104 35' C 195 30' D 358 18' E 306 54' A TOTALS

Length Latitude Departure +0.08 285.10 610.45 720.48 203.00 647.02 2466.05 +255.88 +0.18 -153.70 +0.21 -694.28 +0.06 +202.91 +0.18 +388.48 -0.71 -0.06 +125.72 -0.13 +590.78 -0.15 -192.54 -0.05 -6.02 -0.14 -517.41 +0.53

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Balanced Balanced Station Latitude Departure Latitude Departure A B C D E A TOTALS -0.71 +0.53 0.00 0.00 +0.08 +255.88 +0.18 -153.70 +0.21 -694.28 +0.06 +202.91 +0.18 +388.48 -0.06 +125.72 -0.13 +590.78 -0.15 -192.54 -0.05 -6.02 -0.14 -517.41 +388.66 -517.55 +202.97 -6.07 -694.07 -192.69 -153.52 +590.65 +255.96 +125.66

RECTANGULAR COORDINATES
Rectangular X and Y coordinates of any point give its position with respect to a reference coordinate system Useful for determining length and direction of lines, calculating areas, and locating points You need one starting point on a traverse (which may be arbitrarily defined) to calculate the coordinates of all other points A large initial coordinate is often chosen to avoid negative values, making calculations easier.

CALCULATING X AND Y COORDINATES

Given the X and Y coordinates of any starting point A, the X and Y coordinates of the next point B are determined by:

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Traverse Calculations

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/topics/travcalc.html

COORDINATES
Balanced Balanced Station Latitude Departure Y-coord A +255.96 B -153.52 C -694.07 D +202.97 E +388.66 A TOTALS 0.00 0.00 -517.55 10000.00 10000.00 -6.07 9611.34 10517.55 -192.69 9408.37 10523.62 +590.65 10102.44 10716.31 +125.66 10255.96 10125.66 X-coord 10000.00 10000.00

LINEAR MISCLOSURE
The hypotenuse of a right triangle whose sides are the misclosure in latitude and the misclosure in departure.

TRAVERSE PRECISION
The precision of a traverse is expressed as the ratio of linear misclosure divided by the traverse perimeter length.

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Traverse Calculations

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/topics/travcalc.html

expressed in reciprocal form Example 0.89 / 2466.05 = 0.00036090 1 / 0.00036090 = 2770.8 Precision = 1/2771

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