DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF LARGE VIBRATING SCREEN

Wenying Li, Shibo Xiong Institute of Mechelectronic Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology No.53 Xikuang Street Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P.R. China

ABSTRACT Large vibrating screen have been extensively used in grading materials and expulsion of agents in the materials industry and coal preparation industry. Working life of the vibrating screen is important for decreasing the cost of production and increasing productivity. A large model of the screen was mounted in the laboratory for studying its modal performance. The model is suspended with steel ropes. Modal test was carried out with artificially exciting by 500g impacting hammer and by 100kg exciting force shaker respectively. Synthesis and correction of the modal parameters are obtained from both testing methods. Design faults of vibrating screen are determined based on the analysis and dynamic correction of structure approaches about the screen is put forward finally. 1. INTRODUCTION Vibrating screen as principal equipment in fine coal preparation industry is developing to large structure. Since expensive price, lower working life and the maintenance cost of the equipment failure, large vibrating screen productive capacity is decreasing and resulted in the products cost increasing. The kinds of failure in large vibrating screen consist of the faults of cross members, the side plates and the discharge chute. In operating conditions, the vibrating screen is undertaken exciting force generated by exciters and material feeding and moving on the screening surface. Many natural modes are emerging and stronger alternating stresses are formed on the components of the equipment. Cracks are emerged early and then developed the breakage of the structure where stress concentration is emerged on the components. These faults occurred generally on large vibrating screen. According to the industrial criterion, a vibrating screen prototype was made based on theoretical analysis with FEM. Modal test is performed on this model and faults of design are found exactly. 2. MODAL TESTING 2.1 Model of vibrating screen and measurement points

Prototype of the screen is shown as figure 1. There are 159 measured points described in figure 2. 2.2 Test with single exciting by impact hammer Test system includes a Kistler 9726A20000 500g impact hammer, tri-axis accelerating sensor, data acquisitioning and analyzing system, The test is carried out with single time excitation by impact hammer and response signals are sampled by tri-axis accelerating sensor sequentially from measurement points. 2.3 Test with random signal exciting by shaker Test system consists of a HEV-100 shaker, a force sensor with a charge amplifier, 15 single-axis accelerating sensor, 16 channels signal analyzer and so on for signals processing. Exciting point is placed on the drive module. 15 sensors measure the response signals. 3. COMPARISON OF THE MODAL PARAMETERS FROM TESTING DATA 3.1 determination of the frequency band Operating frequency of vibrating screen is from 980rpm to 1500rpm, I. e. 16.3Hz to 25Hz, generally is 16.3Hz a large one. This prototype of screen is designed with driving frequency 980rpm. Considering run up and down, low frequency is from 0Hz. As exciting of material deeding and moving on the screen surface, the exciting frequency band is very width. Hence, It is reasonable that the band width is determined from 0~200Hz according above facts. 3.2 Comparison of the modal parameters from two test methods 3.2.1 Preferences of analytical parameters for modal extraction z z z Analytical frequency bands: Damping ratio: Numbers of degree of freedom(NDOF): 0~200Hz; 0~10.0%; 1~50

3.2.2 Results of analysis of modal test data by impact hammer

14 order modes, as shown as figure 3, were extracted from data that were acquired using hammer single exciting. Stability of the modes is above 0.97. Damping ratios are shown in Table 1 between 0.0115~0.0476.

22 order modes, shown in Figure 4, were extracted from data that were acquired by shaker with random type of excitation. Stability of the modes is above 0.98. Damping ratios are .range from 0.0105 to 0.0534. Confirmed the modes by modal assurance criteria (MAC), the MAC values are accepted but for the MAC value of mode 12 and mode 13 is 0.738, the MAC value of mode 16 and mode 17 is 0.674, the MAC value of mode 21 and mode 22 is 0.438,

3.2.4 Influence on the results of experimental modal analysis using different testing methods z Because of the insufficient energy generated by impact hammer, a number of modes are not excited on this equipment. The prototype is larger for the hammer, which is another reason for lack modes. The number of modes, extracted from the test data obtained with random excitation by shaker, is more than by hammer. To reinforce the insufficient impact energy by hammer we can use multiple impact exciting with hammer, which is will be confirmed to do new test on later. Corresponding modal frequencies in both sets of mode are good agreement, The correlative curve of both groups modes, shown in Table 2 and Figure 5, is one line among direction 45 Table 1 Modal Parameters of Single Impacting Test Mode# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Frequency(Hz) Damping (%) 88.54 1.34 118.95 1.65 84.44 1.78 129.09 1.42 14.70 3.58 19.63 4.76 161.38 1.73 111.98 1.15 176.73 1.48 61.04 2.08 34.35 2.11 146.87 1.33 135.23 1.30 171.31 2.43 Stability 0.992 0.992 0.992 0.990 0.987 0.987 0.986 0.986 0.986 0.984 0.984 0.983 0.979 0.974

Figure 1 Structure of Vibrating Screen Prototype z z

Figure 2. Layout of Response Pints and First Mode Shape by shaker

Figure 3. Mode Parameters for Hammer impacting Data z Confirmed the modes by modal assurance criteria (MAC), the MAC values are accepted except for the MAC value of between mode 13 and mode 14 is 0.587. This indicated the independence of. modes Figure 4 Modes Parameters of Estimation for Random Exciting by Shaker

3.2.3 Results of analysis of modal test data by shaker

4. STRUCTRUAL DESIGN FAULTS OF THE PROTOTYPE DETERMINED BY THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS 4.1 Structural design faults of cross members and structural correction design Several kinds of stronger deformation of cross members are st at low frequency band, in which 1 order mode shape (14Hz) is vibrating up and down whole 8 members with greater nd rd amplitude of vibration (see Figure 2 and Figure 6), 2 , 3 th and 8 order mode shapes (19Hz, 25Hz, and 62Hz) are distortion of deformation of the whole members (see Figure 6, Figure 9). 4th order mode shape is expand and contract deformation of screen body among the cross x-axis and the front part of the side plate is of opposite phase with back part (see Figure 6 and Figure 9). The others are tiny deformation. Cross members structural correction design is to reinforce the stiffness of the members, which can decrease the amplitude of vibration, decline deformation of the structure, reduce the alternating stress on the members and increase fatigue life of the components. 4.2 Structural design faults of side plates and structural correction design The kinds of mode deformation of the side plates are among the normal direction of its surface in addition to with vibration of the cross members. The mode shapes that are projected on the horizontal plane, are sine curves, cycles of the curves are with range from 1 to 2.5. Deformation of side plates in the middle part is greater than both ends even though the middle part of the side plates consists of 3 layers steel plate by bolts to joint together, which indicate a fact that is a stronger exciting force on this part. This is a reason to result in fatigue faults early. Structural correction design can use to increase stiffness and amount of the brace members. 4.3 Structural design faults of brace members and structural correction design The deformation of brace members is great as shown in figures, which indicate the structural behaviors are not good agreement with the operating property of the screen. Structural correction design can be also used to increase stiffness of the brace members, which is agreement with side plates to increase brace stiffness. 5. CONCLUSION z Modal test method with impact hammer by single exciting is not a good method for larger equipment because using this method can not obtain complete modes. The natural dynamic behaviors of the large equipment can incompletely be excited for insufficient exciting force. In order to obtain satisfactory results from experimental mode analysis, using impact hammer by means of multiple random exciting enhance the insufficient impact energy or using proper shaker with random or sine sweep excitation.

excitation by means of driver (exciter), feeding material and moving the material on the screen surface, their exciting frequency band is considerable width in operating condition. Consequently, analytical frequency band in the experimental mode analysis also should be increase. Table 3 Compare Mode Frequency by Shaker with by Hammer
Frequency (Hz) Mode# Shaker Hammer Mode# Shaker Hammer Frequency (Hz)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mode Frequency by Shaker (Hz)

14.17 19.18 25.62 34.15 46.31 48.73 60.60 62.58 82.80 88.81 102.48

14.70 19.63 34.35

61.04 84.44 88.54

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

109.42 110.37 118.15 128.69 135.51 146.62 159.23 162.13 172.18 179.99 191.61

111.98 118.95 129.09 135.23 146.87 161.38 171.31 176.73

250 200 150 100 50 0

Mode Frequency by Hammer (Hz)

Figure 5 Correlation of modes from different test methods

z z

Figure 6 First 4 orders mode shapes by hammer Because the kinds of excitation include the operating

Figure 7

5 , 6 , 7 , 8 mode shapes by hammer Figure 10 Last 4 mode shapes by shaker

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6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank his fellows Miss Yu Zheng, Mr. Ranfeng Wang, his teacher and the others. The research work is based on the financial support from Shanxi Province Science & Technology Committee. REFERENCE [1] Zhenghao Wang, Study status of vibration screen structure strength, Journal of Shinnying Arch. & CIF Eng. Inst. Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul. 1999 [2] Shanghais Wang, Gooey Wang, Present status and developing tendency of vibration screen, Journal of Shinnying Arch. & CIF Eng. Inst. Vol. 15, No. 1, Pp. 77~81, Pp. 278~281, Jan. 1999 Figure 8 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 mode shapes by hammer
th th th th

[3] Up GAO, Wenham Cui, Strength Analyses on the Side Plate of Vibrating Screens, Journal of Anshan Institute of I. & S. Technology, Vol.22 No.2 Pp.103~106, Apr. 1999

Figure 9 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , mode shapes by shaker

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