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Harmful if swallowed (H302). Causes mild skin irritation (H316). Causes eye irritation (H319). Fatal if inhaled (H330). May cause cancer (H350). May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life (H412). PREVENTION Obtain special instructions before use (P201). Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood (P202). Do not breathe dust / fume / gas / mist / vapors / spray (P260).
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Wash thoroughly after handling (P264). Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this product (P270). Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area (P271). Avoid release to the environment (P273). Wear gloves / eye protection / face protection (P280). Use personal protective equipment as required (P281). Wear respiratory protection (P284). RESPONSE IF SWALLOWED: Call a poison control center or doctor / physician in you feel unwell. Rinse mouth (P301 + P312 + P330). IF ON SKIN (or hair): Rinse skin with water and mild soap. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse (P303 + P353 + P363). IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a poison control center or doctor / physician if you feel unwell (P304 + P340 + P312). IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing (P305 + P351 + P338). If exposed / concerned: Get medical advice / attention (P308 + P313). If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice / attention (P332 + P313). If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice / attention (P337 + P313). IN CASE OF FIRE: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam for extinction (P370 + P378). STORAGE/DISPOSAL Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed (P403 + 233). Store locked up (P405). Dispose of contents / container in accordance with local / regional / national / international regulations (P501).
Hazards Information
Physical Form: Flash Point: Explosive Limits: OSHA: Liquid No data available 1% (LEL) 46% (UEL) Toxic Irritant Carcinogen Acute Toxicity Category 4 Skin Corrosion / Irritation Category 3 Serious Eye Damage / Eye Irritation Category 2B Carcinogenicity Category 1A Long-Term Hazards to the Aquatic Environment Category 3
GHS:
NFPA
Potential Health Effects
Eye Health Effects: Skin Health Effects: Contact with eyes may cause moderate irritation. May cause skin irritation with prolonged or repeated contact. Liquid may be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts if large areas of skin are exposed repeatedly. May contain or release toxic hydrogen sulfide vapor, which may accumulate in the vapor spaces of storage and transport compartments. Exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (>1000 ppm) will cause immediate unconsciousness and death through respiratory paralysis. Signs and symptoms of overexposure to hydrogen sulfide include respiratory and eye irritation, dizziness, nausea, coughing, a sensation of dryness and pain in the nose, and loss of consciousness. Odor does not provide a reliable indicator of the presence of hazardous levels in the atmosphere. Low to moderate degree of toxicity by ingestion. Repeated and prolonged exposure may be harmful and may cause cancer. Carcinogenic Effects Component
Benzene (71-43-2)
NTP
Known Human Carcinogen
IARC
Group 1 - Carcinogenic
OSHA
Specifically Regulated Carcinogen
CAS #
7732-18-5 7647-14-5 71-43-2 7783-06-4
UN; EINECS
---; 215-185-5 ---; 231-598-3 UN1114; 200-753-7 UN1053; 231-977-3
% (Weight)
80 - 100% < 20% < 1% < 1%
Note: All concentrations are in percent by weight unless ingredient is a gas. Gas concentrations are in percent by volume.
Skin Contact
Remove contaminated shoes and clothing and cleanse affected area(s) thoroughly by washing with mild soap and water or a waterless hand cleaner. If irritation or redness develops and persists, seek medical attention.
Inhalation
If respiratory symptoms or other symptoms of exposure develop, move victim away from source of exposure and into fresh air. If breathing difficulties develop, oxygen should be administered by qualified personnel. If victim is not breathing, clear airway and immediately begin artificial respiration. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion
Call a physician or poison control center immediately. Aspiration hazard: Do not induce vomiting or give anything by mouth because this material can enter the lungs and cause severe lung damage. If spontaneous vomiting occurs, lean victim forward to reduce the risk of aspiration and monitor for breathing difficulties. If victim is drowsy or unconscious, place on the left side with the head down. If possible, do not leave victim unattended and observe closely for adequacy of breathing. Seek immediate medical attention.
Notes to Physicians
At high concentrations hydrogen sulfide may produce pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, and/or respiratory paralysis. The first priority in treatment should be the establishment of adequate ventilation and the administration of 100% oxygen. Nitrite therapy (found in the cyanide antidote kit) has been suggested as a therapy for hydrogen sulfide exposure. Amyl nitrite is given by inhalation (for 30 seconds every minute until an intravenous line is established) followed by intravenous sodium nitrite (300 mg over absolutely no less than 5 minutes). This may aid recovery by forming sulfmethemoglobin, thus removing sulfide from combination in tissue. The antidotal efficacy of nitrite therapy is controversial, but is currently recommended if it can be started within the first few minutes after exposure. Nitrite therapy should not be allowed to interfere with the establishment of adequate ventilation and oxygenation. (Source: ATSDR Toxic Substances Portal Hydrogen Sulfide).
Exposure Monitoring
Federal regulations (29 CFR 1910.1028) specify medical surveillance programs for certain exposures to benzene above the action level or PEL (specified in Section (i)(1)(i) of the Standard). In addition, employees exposed in an emergency situation shall, as described in Section (i)(4)(i), provide a urine sample at the end of the shift for measurement of urine phenol.
Other Comments
Before attempting rescue, first responders should be alert to the possible presence of hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas, and should consider the need for respiratory protection (see Section 8).
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Extinguishing Media
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam and water streams is recommended. Water spray is recommended to cool or protect exposed materials or structures. Carbon dioxide can displace oxygen; use caution when applying carbon dioxide in confined spaces. Water alone may be ineffective for extinguishment.
Protection of Firefighters
For fires beyond the initial stage, emergency responders in the immediate hazard area should wear protective clothing. When the potential chemical hazard is unknown, in enclosed or confined spaces, a self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn. Wear other appropriate protective equipment as warranted (see Section 8).
Firefighting Procedures
Small fires in the incipient (beginning) stage may typically be extinguished using handheld portable fire extinguishers and other fire fighting equipment. For larger fires, isolate immediate hazard area and keep unauthorized personnel out. Stop spill/release if it can be done safely. Move undamaged containers from immediate hazard area if it can be done safely. Water spray may be useful in minimizing or dispersing vapors and to protect personnel. Cool equipment exposed to fire with water, if it can be done safely. Avoid spreading burning liquid with water used for cooling purposes.
Other Information
Combustion Products: Flammable Properties: Smoke, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other products of incomplete combustion. Hydrogen sulfide and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur may be formed. See Section 9 for Flash Point, Flammable/Explosive Limits, etc.
spilled product is suspected, additional or special actions may be warranted, including access restrictions and use of protective equipment. Stay upwind and away from spill/release. Avoid direct contact with material. For large spillages, notify persons down wind of the spill, isolate immediate hazard area, and keep unauthorized personnel out. Wear appropriate protective equipment, including respiratory protection, as warranted (see Section 8).
Environmental Precautions
Stop spill/release if it can be done safely. Prevent spilled material from entering sewers, storm drains, other unauthorized drainage systems, and natural waterways. Use foam on spills to minimize vapors. Use water sparingly to minimize environmental contamination and reduce disposal requirements. If spill occurs on water notify appropriate authorities and advise shipping of any hazard. Spills into or upon navigable waters, the contiguous zone, or adjoining shorelines that cause a sheen or discoloration on the surface of the water, may require notification of the United States National Response Center (phone number: 800.424.8802).
Containment Procedures
Carefully contain and stop the source of the spill, if safe to do so. Protect bodies of water by diking, absorbents, or absorbent boom, if possible. Do not flush down sewer or drainage systems, unless system is designed and permitted to handle such material. The use of fire fighting foam may be useful in certain situations to reduce vapors. The proper use of water spray may effectively disperse product vapors or the liquid itself, preventing contact with ignition sources or areas/equipment that require protection do not discharge solid water stream patterns into the liquid resulting in splashing.
Clean-up Procedures
Notify relevant authorities in accordance with all applicable regulations. Immediate cleanup of any spill is recommended. Take up with sand or other oil absorbing materials. Carefully shovel, scoop or sweep up into a waste container for reclamation or disposal. Response and clean-up crews must be properly trained and must utilize proper protective equipment (see Section 8).
Storage
This material may contain or release poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas. In a tank, barge, or other closed container, the vapor space above this material may accumulate hazardous concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. Check atmosphere for oxygen content, hydrogen sulfide, and flammability prior to entry. Confined spaces should be ventilated prior to entry. Keep container(s) tightly closed and properly labeled. Use and store this material in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat, direct sunlight, hot metal surfaces, and all sources of ignition. Store only in approved containers. The storage area should comply with NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. Post area No Smoking or Open Flame. Keep away from any incompatible material (see Section 10). Protect container(s) against physical damage. Outdoor or detached storage is preferred. Indoor storage should meet OSHA standards and appropriate fire codes. Empty containers retain residue and may be dangerous. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose such containers to heat, flame, sparks, or other sources of ignition. They may explode and cause injury
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or death. The cleaning of containers previously containing this product should follow API STD 2015 Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks. All containers should be disposed of in an environmentally safe manner and in accordance with governmental regulations. Before working on or in tanks which contain or have contained this material, refer to OSHA regulations, ANSI Z49.1, and other references pertaining to cleaning, repairing, welding, or other contemplated operations.
Respiratory Protection:
Avoid exposure. Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapors, and/or spray. Obtain special instructions before use. If engineering controls do not maintain airborne concentrations below recommended exposure limits (where applicable) or to an acceptable level (in countries where exposure limits have not been established), an approved respirator must be worn. Where there is potential for airborne exposure to hydrogen sulfide above exposure limits, a NIOSH approved, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or equivalent operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode should be used. Under conditions where hydrogen sulfide is not detected, a NIOSH certified air purifying respirator equipped with organic vapor cartridges/canisters may be used. In the United States, if respirators are used, a program should be instituted to assure compliance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134. If benzene concentrations equal or exceed applicable exposure limits, OSHA requirements for personal protective equipment, exposure monitoring, and training may apply (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1028 Benzene). The use of eye protection (such as splash goggles) that meets or exceeds ANSI Z.87.1 is recommended when there is potential liquid contact to the eye. Depending on conditions of use, a face shield may be necessary. The use of gloves impervious to the specific material handled is advised to prevent skin contact. Check with manufacturers to confirm the breakthrough performance of their products. Apron and long sleeves are recommended. When using, do not eat, drink or smoke. Always observe good personal hygiene measures, such as washing after handling the material and before eating, drinking, and/or smoking. Routinely wash work clothing and protective equipment to remove contaminants. Handle in accordance with good safety practice.
Eye/Face Protection:
Skin Protection:
General Considerations:
Engineering Controls
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. Provide adequate ventilation and minimize the risk of inhalation of vapors and mists. If current ventilation practices are not adequate to maintain airborne concentrations below the established exposure limits, additional engineering controls may be required.
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Exposure Limits / Guidelines
Component
Water (7732-18-5) Sodium chloride (7647-14-5) Benzene (71-43-2) Hydrogen sulfide (7783-06-4)
ACGIH
Not established Not established TWA: 0.5 ppm STEL: 2.5 ppm TWA: 1 ppm STEL: 5 ppm
NIOSH
Not established Not established TWA: 0.1 ppm STEL: 1 ppm CEIL: 10 ppm
OSHA
Not established Not established TWA: 1 ppm STEL: 5 ppm CEIL: 20 ppm
Note: State, local, or other agencies or advisory groups may have established more stringent limits. Consult an industrial hygienist or similar professional, or your local agencies, for further information.
Supplemental Information
Notations Component
Water (7732-18-5) Sodium chloride (7647-14-5) Benzene (71-43-2) Hydrogen sulfide (7783-06-4)
Carcinogenicity
Not established Not established
Skin / Sensitization
Not established Not established Potential significant contribution to overall exposure by the cutaneous route (ACGIH Skin Notation). Not established
Not established
Water Solubility: Viscosity: Partition Coefficient: Vapor Pressure: Vapor Density: Evaporation Rate: Volatiles: Flash Point: Flash Point Test Method: Explosive Limits: Autoignition: Soluble No data available >10 (Water/Oil) No data available <5.0 No data available No data available No data available Not applicable 1% (LEL) 46% (UEL) No data available
Carcinogenicity:
Germ Cell Mutagenicity: Reproductive Toxicity: No data available. No data available.
Other Comments
This material may contain or liberate hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas with the smell of rotten eggs. The smell disappears rapidly because of olfactory fatigue so odor may not be a reliable indicator of exposure. Effects of overexposure include irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract, blurred vision, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs). Severe exposures can result in nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness or cramps, headache, disorientation and other signs of nervous system depression, irregular heartbeats, convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. This material may contain varying concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been known to produce a phototoxic reaction when contaminated skin is exposed to sunlight. The effect is similar in appearance to an exaggerated sunburn, and is temporary in duration if exposure is discontinued. Continued exposure to sunlight can result in more serious skin problems including pigmentation (discoloration), skin eruptions (pimples), and possible skin cancers. This material may contain trace amounts of heavy metals, some of which may concentrate in vessels and equipment during production and processing operations. While some of these metals are known toxins, the hazard is dependent upon the extent of accumulation. Significant deposits of elemental mercury have the potential to create airborne vapors of the metal, which might result in a hazardous condition. Overexposure to mercury is known to cause neurologic effects and damage the kidneys and developing fetus.
Data
No data available. No data available. No data available.
Short-Term Exposure No data available. Long-Term Exposure Exposure Routes Symptoms Sodium chloride (7647-14-5) Target Organs No data available. No data available. No data available. No data available.
Short-Term Exposure No data available. Long-Term Exposure Exposure Routes No data available. Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin, and/or eye contact. Irritation eyes, skin, nose, respiratory system; dizziness; headache, nausea, staggered gait; anorexia, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); dermatitis; bone marrow depression; [potential occupational carcinogen]. Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood, central nervous system, bone marrow.
Benzene (71-43-2)
Symptoms
Target Organs
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The substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Swallowing the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the Short-Term Exposure central nervous system, resulting in lowering of consciousness. Exposure far above the occupational exposure limit value may result in unconsciousness and death. Long-Term Exposure Exposure Routes The liquid defats the skin. The substance may have effects on the bone marrow and immune system, resulting in a decrease of blood cells. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Inhalation, skin, and/or eye contact. Irritation eyes, respiratory system; apnea, coma, convulsions; conjunctivitis, eye pain, lacrimation (discharge of tears), photophobia (abnormal visual intolerance to light), corneal vesiculation; dizziness, headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), irritability, insomnia; gastrointestinal disturbance; liquid: frostbite. Eyes, respiratory system, central nervous system.
Symptoms
Target Organs
The substance is irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure may result in unconsciousness. Exposure may result in death. Short-Term Exposure Inhalation of gas may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite.. Long-Term Exposure No data available.
Note: Data for Exposure Routes, Symptoms, and Target Organs were obtained from the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Data for Short- and Long-Term Exposure were obtained from the International Chemical Safety Cards from the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre.
Container contents should be completely used and containers should be emptied prior to discard. Container residues and rinseates could be considered to be hazardous wastes. EPA Waste Number(s): D018 - Toxicity characteristic (Benzene)
TSCA
Benzene (71-43-2)
Yes
Not listed
No
No
Not listed
No
This material may contain one or more of the following chemicals identified on federal and individual state hazardous substances lists. Contact each jurisdiction for more information. Hazardous Substance Lists Component
Benzene (71-43-2)
CA
Yes
MA
Yes
MN
Yes
NJ
Yes
PA
Yes
RI
Yes
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Hydrogen sulfide (7783-06-4) No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
The following statement(s) are provided under the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65): WARNING! This product contains a chemical known to the state of California to cause cancer. WARNING! This product contains a chemical known to the state of California to cause reproductive/developmental effects.
Guide to Abbreviations
ACGIH ANSI API ATSDR CAA CAS CEIL CERCLA CFR EINECS EPA GHS IARC IOPC LEL NFPA NTP OSHA PEL RQ SARA STEL TLV TPQ TSCA TWA UEL UN American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists American National Standards Institute American Petroleum Institute Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (United States) Clean Air Act (United States) Chemical Abstracts Service Ceiling Exposure Limit The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, & Liability Act (United States) Code of Federal Regulations (United States) European chemical Substances Information System Environmental Protection Agency (United States) Globally Harmonized System International Agency for Research on Cancer International Oil Pollution Compensation Lower Explosive Limit National Fire Protection Association National Toxicology Program (United States) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (United States) Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA) Reportable Quantity Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (United States) Short Term Exposure Limit (15 minutes) Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH) Threshold Planning Quantity Toxic Substances Control Act (United States) Time Weighted Average (8 hours) Upper Explosive Limit United Nations
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