Gateway Redundancy

These are also commonly called first-hop redundancy protocols (FHRP) because the first router hop is given high availability. Some of Gateway Redundancy protocols are Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)

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ACH Network Professional Training Center

Packet-Forwarding Review
When a host must communicate with a device on its local subnet, it can generate an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request, wait for the ARP reply, and exchange packets directly.

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ACH Network Professional Training Center

Packet-Forwarding Review
However, if the far end is located on a different subnet, the host must rely on an intermediate system (a router, for example) to relay packets to and from that subnet. A host identifies its nearest router, also known as the default gateway or next hop, by its IP address. And then, the host first sends an ARP request to find the gateways MAC address.

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ACH Network Professional Training Center

GLBP Physical Layout

Single Virtual Gateway for Enterprise Network

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ACH Network Professional Training Center

GLBP Physical Layout

GLBP Routers Group

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ACH Network Professional Training Center

GLBP Physical Layout

Example : 192.168.1.1 Single Virtual Gateway IP is represented by GLBP Routers

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ACH Network Professional Training Center

GLBP Physical Layout

Clients ip address setting IP address 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Gateway 192.168.1.1

Example : 192.168.1.1 Single Virtual Gateway IP is represented by GLBP Routers

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GLBP More Detail

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Active Virtual Gateway

The trick behind this load balancing lies in the GLBP group. One router is elected the active virtual gateway (AVG). This router has the highest priority value, or the highest IP address in the group, if there is no highest priority. The AVG answers all ARP requests for the virtual router address. GLBP group numbers range from 0 to 1023. The router prioritycan be 1 to 255 (255 is the highest priority), defaulting to 100.

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ACH Network Professional Training Center

Active Virtual Gateway - AVG

Routers participating in GLBP must monitor each others presence so that another router can assume the role of a failed router. To do this, the AVG sends periodic hello messages to each of the other GLBP peers. In addition, it expects to receive hello messages from each of them. GLBP Hello Interval 3 seconds GLBP Holdtime 10 seconds

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Active Virtual Forwarder - AVF

Each router participating in the GLBP group can become an AVF, if the AVG assigns it hat role, along with a virtual MAC address. The virtual MAC addresses always have the form 0007.b4xx.xxyy. The 16-bit value denoted by xx.xx represents six zero bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group number. The 8-bit yy value is the virtual forwarder number. Example 0007.b400.0101 0007.b4 = default 00.01 = GLBP group number 01 = AVF number
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Active Virtual Forwarder - AVF

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Now Lets Start Practical ..!!!!

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