TRANSPORT CORPORATION OF INDIA, GURGAON

DISSERTATION ON

INDIAN BUILDING TRANSPORT CORPORATION OF INDIA GURGAON

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Architecture Submitted by MOHD AAMIR KHAN 11-AR-42 Guided by AR. MADHURI AGGARWAL

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI-110025

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my teacher Ar.MADHURI AGGARWAL whose guidence helps me in smoothly progression of my project. Also, thankful Mr. kapil(employee at TCI ltd.) for providing me necessary details for the project. I wish to thank all my faculty members who helped in my work during my dissertation.

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled TRANSPORT CORPORATION OF INDIA submitted to Faculty of Architecture & Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi embodies the presentation work carried out by MOHD AAMIR KHAN of B.Arch.-3rd year under our supervision.

Ar. MADHURI AGGARWAL (DISSERTATION GIDE)

Prof. S.M.Akhtar Dean Faculty of architecture &Ekistics JMI

External Examiner 1

External Examiner 2

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PREFACE

I have done the study on IndiAN building- Transport corporation of india ltd. I have done Case Study on the same project. Based on the study of this Project, I have tried to explain the Philosophy of the architect. Besides her Philosophy, I have also done study on the architectural styles, materials used and construction techniques used in construction.

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CONTENT
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Location

PAGE NO. 5
6

Accessibility ARCHITECT/ FIRM Design philosophy Awards & nomination REASON FOR SELECTION SITE ANALYSIS Area Climate Topography Methodology Plans Elevation Case study Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY

6 7 8 9 10 11 11 11 11 12 14 16 17 23 29

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TRANSPORT CORPORATION OF INDIA

EXTERIOR VIEW OF TCI BUILDING, GURGAON INTRODUCTION The corporate office building of the Transport Corporation of India has been designed to meet the demands of a modern office, with a high level of environmental comfort, integration of systems to support information technology, with flexibility and adaptability for growth and change. The building sits on a rectangular plot in an institutional area close to Delhi. Three stories of offices and a basement surround the central court. The basement houses building services and some work spaces. The entrance overlooks a planted and shaded forecourt with a water pool. The orientation of all the interior spaces is towards the central court with the exception of the managing director's suite, which enjoys its own garden terrace on the top floor.

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TCI LTD.

SATELLITE VIEW OF TCI LTD.

LOCATION The building is located at Plot 69 TCI, Inst. Area sectr 32, instut gurgaon,
HARYANA And having accessibilities by every aspect

Accesibilties
By metro: BY ROAD: BY AIR: HUDA CITY CENTRE (6.3 KM) RYAN BUS STOP (1.5KM) IGI AIRPORT (20.1 KM)

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ARCHITECT/ FIRM:

AR. ASHOK B LALL As architects we believe that architecture should be an offering of beauty and joy that enhances the cultural milieu, of the place and of its people, where it is practiced. By ASHOK B LALL

Ashok B Lall Architects was established as an independent practice in the year 1980. As experts they have developed a special competence in the area of sustainability and energy conservation through research-in-practice over the past decade. Many of our executed projects and research have been published in professional publications in India and abroad. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY As professionals they have a dual responsibility. We must serve in the best possible way the legitimate need of our client. Equally, we must see that the means and ends of the building design solutions we propose also serve a larger beneficial purpose.We believe that creative practice of architecture would seek to converge this duality into a unity. As a firm we do not espouse any style or aesthetic. Each design is a process of discovery where solutions are found appropriate to the project at hand. The process is driven by three guiding principles: Inclusion of the client and user groups at all stages of the project by appropriately structured consultation. Search for simplicity and economy of means.

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Prioritising selection of design strategies and technologies in favour of sustainability and energy conservation. Awards and Nominations Low-Cost Housing Design for HUDCO Prize winning design (placed third) for National Competition of Low- Cost Housing Design 198081, sponsored by Housing and Urban Development Corporation and Hari Om Ashram Trust. S.P. Jain Centre for ManagementCompetition 1st prize, 1984-85 Middle-Income Housing Design DDA Competition, (placed third) 1985 (collaboration with MN Ashish Ganju) Campus for Gujrat Energy Design Competition Entry (placed second), 1990-91 (collaboration Development Agency- with Naveen Kulshreshtha) TATA Energy Research Institute Master Plan & Tissue Culture Nominated for Aga Khan Award, 1995

Indian Institute of Health Management Research For Competition First prize, Nominated for Aga Khan Award, 1995

Transport Corporation of India Nominated for Aga Khan Award, 2001 Headquarters Disha Foundation for the Special Child DesignShare/SCN Citation Award, 2005

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REASON FOR SELECTION

Transport corporation of india ltd. Building is among the list of indias most green building also it has many architectural features where natural and technical aspects are being used very intelligently , like peep window which they have used for cross ventillation like peep windows, which is used for cross ventilation The window reveals of the peep window cut out summer sun and let in winter sun Polyurethane board insulation on wall and roof Fountain court with water columns as environment moderator Adjustable venetian blinds in double window sandwich to cut off insulation and allow daylight

ENTRANCE OF TCI LTD.

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AREA:
Total Built-up area: 2750 m2 TOTAL AREA OF SITE: 3694 m2 Year of starting: 1998 Year of completion: 1999

CLIMATE
The climate of Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical (Kppen climate classification Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter temperatures and precipitation. Summers start in early April and peak in May, with average temperatures near 32 C (90 F), although occasional heat waves can result in highs close to 45 C (114 F) on some days. The monsoon starts in late June and lasts until mid-September, with about 797.3 mm (31.5 inches)[1] of rain. The average temperatures are around 29 C (85 F), although they can vary from around 25 C (78 F) on rainy days to 32 C (90 F) during dry spells. The monsoons recede in late September, and the post-monsoon season continues till late October, with average temperatures sliding from 29 C (85 F) to 21 C (71 F). Winter starts in November and peaks in January, with average temperatures around 1213 C (5455 F).

TOPOGRAPHYSite is almost flat but at gurgaon soil is heterogeneous. At most places it is rocky and water is brackish.

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METHODOLOGY:
Inward-looking compact form, with controlled exposure Two types of windows designed: peep windows for possible cross-ventilation and view, the other being for daylighting

EXTERIOR FAADE OF BUILDING

The courts have structural framework to provide support for shading screens Landscaping acts as a climate modifier The window reveals of the peep window cut out summer sun and let in winter sun Adjustable venetian blinds in double window sandwich to cut off insulation and allow daylight Polyurethane board insulation on wall and roof

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Fountain court with water columns as environment moderator Building systems designed so as to draw upon external environment to supplement the airconditioning system Eco-friendly absorption technology adopted for air-conditioning Careful planning of air distribution system

WINDOWS FOR CROSS VENTILLATION

Air-conditioning standards set by acceptance level of office staff and not by international norms Energy-efficient lighting system and daylight integration with controls Optimization of structure and reduction of embodied energy by use of less energy-intensive materials Concept Although this is an air-conditioned building, it attempts an interactive interface with the external environment to achieve greater energy efficiency. The basic design strategy is inspired by the traditional inward-looking haveli plan. The central fountain courtyard acts as an environment generator for the office spaces opening toward it. The external skin is treated as a

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solid insulated wall with peep windows for possible cross-ventilation and higher windows for daylight. Selection of materials and system of environmental control is prioritised in favour of sustainability and efficiency in energy consumption so that a significant feature of energy saving is actually the economy of the building envelope.

ASSUMPTIONS, path toward energy conservation: 1. air conditioning is still an expensive technology to install and to run. 2. this cost is largely a resultant of heat transfer through the building fabric. 3. to make air conditioning more affordable, the most effective strategy is: To design the building fabric itself to minimize air conditioning load. This is effected at marginal extra cost of insulation and shading. PLANS Description This is an office building designed to meet the demands of a modern office, with high level of environmental comfort, integration of systems to support information technology, with flexibility and adaptability for growth and change.

The building sits on a rectangular plot in an institutional area, which will have other office buildings surrounding it. Three stories of offices and a basement surround the central court. The basement plan is shown below. MOHD AAMIR KHAN B ARCH II YEAR Page 14

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The basement houses building services and some work spaces too. The entire building plan is based on a planning grid of 1.4 m x 1.4 m which coordinates the ceilings with air-conditioning and light fittings, locations for partitions as well as external windows - to permit a high degree of flexibility in layouts for offices.

The building opens towards its entrance through a planted and shaded forecourt with a water pool.

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The orientation of all the interior spaces is towards the central court, with the exception of the managing directors suite which enjoys its own garden terrace on the top floor.

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CASE STUDY

This is an office building designed to meet the demands of a modern office, with high level of environmental comfort, integrationof systems to support information technology, with flexibility and adaptability for growth and change.

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The building opens towards its entrance through a planted and shaded forecourt with a water pool. The orientation of all the interior spaces is towards the central court, with the exception of the managing directors suite which enjoys its own garden terrace on the top floor. ENERGY SAVING FEATURES Exposure Insulation Heat Transfer Fountain Court Interactive strategy for an air-conditioned building Absorption technology for Air-Conditioning Air Distribution Control on air-conditioning loads Illumination Structural system and floor-to-floor height External envelope Monitoring and Automation

Exposure: The Building adopts a compact rectangular form and minimum height above ground to limit exposure to the external conditions. Openings on the external walls are designed for two separate functions: small peep windows at seating height provide for possible cross ventilation and views out; larger windows at ceiling level are designed to distribute glare-free daylight across the office floor.

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VIEW OF PEEP WINDOWS

Taking the daylighting function into account the window area is minimised to 18% of the external wall area. Both the entrance forecourt and central fountain court, towards which the building envelope opens out with greater transparency, have a structural framework which would provide support for shading screens to be stretched according to seasonal demands. The planting scheme along the edges of the site with tall evergreen (Silver Oak) trees, provides another protective layer for the building.

Insulation: The orientation of the building is determined by the site. The small peep-windows, due to the deep reveal in which they are set allow insulation in favour of winter, cutting out the mid-summer sun by the shade of the reveal on to the glass. The large daylight windows house adjustable venetian blinds in a double-window sandwich. The blinds are to be adjusted seasonally (three times a year) by the building maintenance staff to control direct insulation and to reflect light towards the ceiling for distribution into the office spaces. The large glazed areas towards the central court and the entrance court rely on screens that will be stretched and gathered seasonally. The structural frameworks enclosing the courts provide the necessary support systems for the screens.

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Heat Transfer: In Principle, the building is a heavy mass construction insulated from the outside. Wall insulation is 25 mm thick polyurethane foam protected by a dry red-stone slab cladding system.

DETAIL OF POLYURITHENE CLADDING

The roof insulation is 35 mm thick and has a reflective glazed tile paving cover to minimise solair temperature on the roof surface. The daylight windows provide insulation by way of tightsealed two layers of glass with a venetian blind installed between the two layers. The glazing panels around the inner courtyard however are single glazed - it is anticipated that with the tall water fountain working, the courtyard temperatures would shift substantially toward wet bulb temperature. This would considerably reduce heat load from the courtyard side during summers, and during spring and autumn would act as a heat sink. While the choice of single glazing here evidently means savings in capital expenditure, considering the year-round operation of the fountain court.

Fountain Court: The fountain is a re-circulating system in which a large body of water flows over extensive surfaces to maximise evaporation.

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MONUMENT IN FOUNTAIN COURT

The tall solid concrete columns of broad diameters over which the water trickles down the height of the courtyard, and the thin sheet that overflows the sides of the pool at ground level create a large heat sink and a body of air close to wet-bulb temperature. The white marble sides of the tank reflect the courtyard light into the basement work areas.

Interactive strategy for an air-conditioned building: Recognising that climatic conditions range on both the cold and the hot sides of the comfort zone, building systems are designed to draw upon the external environment to supplement the air-conditioning system. The air-handling system has provision for 100% filtered fresh-air-intake. Coolth can be stored in the building mass by night flushing during spring and autumn. Similarly, during early and late winter, when internal heat is to be rejected, fresh air would be drawn in, replacing the function of the chilling plant.

Absorption technology for Air-Conditioning : After a careful cost-benefit study, an absorption system chilling plant has been installed. Apart from not contributing to ozone depletion the plant results in reduction of the capital expense of the electrical system, particularly its electricity generation back-up. This is of critical value in a state like Haryana, where due to acute electricity shortage the electricity generation back-up must cater to 100% of peak load. The absorption chillers run on a diesel fired furnace. Electricity generation provides for illumination, office machines and mechanical equipment.

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Air Distribution: Each of the office floors is served with two air handling units. The allocation of areas handled by each unit is designed to balance out peak demands on each unit. This is done by responding to the orientation exposure of the building sides to the sun so that peak morning and afternoon loads are shared by the air handling units even as the loads shift from the easterly faces of the building in the morning toward the westerly faces in the afternoon.

Control on air-conditioning loads : The primary level control on external gains has been described under exposure and heat transfer. And internal gain is controlled by minimisin g internal lighting loads. The more significant saving, however, is affected by the clients agreeing to air-conditioning standards set according to acceptance level of their office staff, rather than by any international norms. The system is designed to following parameters: Outdoor Summer 43.50C db 240C wb (ignoring peak temperatures) Indoor Summer 240C db ( 10C) Also, circulation passages and ancilliary function rooms have no air-conditioning. Toilets and pantries expel air to the outside at a minimal rate drawing relief air from neighbouring conditioned spaces.

Illumination: Daylight is the primary source of illumination. All work spaces receive adequate daylight the maximum distance of a workstation from the daylight source being 5 M. The high windows on the external walls are designed to throw daylight deep into the office space. This is varied seasonally by adjusting venetian blinds installed in the window sandwich to control glare and to modulate distribution. On the courtyard side fabric screens would be stretched over the structural frame to respond to each season. Artificial illumination is on the ceiling grid with compact fluorescent luminaries at 19 watts per square metre of floor area. Most of the office work is done on computers and working hours are generally limited to daylight hours. The illumination level offered by this system supplements daylight when necessary, and is comfortable for short working hours. It has been agreed that task light desk lamps will be provided on desks for elderly people and those who have late working hours. To provide visual interest and a feeling of brightness occasional spot lights are provided to light up wall surfaces with paintings and other artwork. Control of ceiling lights is in the hands of the building management staff. The control circuits for ceiling lights are arranged in zones running parallel to the daylight source so that they can be switched on progressively to compensate for variation in and/or falling daylight levels. It is proposed that these will be controlled by automatic timer switches with timing set for each season. (with manual override for unusually cloudy weather)

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Structural system and floor-to-floor height: A flat-slab system is adopted for floors and roofs. This minimises the height required for accommodating air-conditioning and other services. With a clear ceiling height for office spaces at 2.65 M the floor-to-floor height of the building is 3.5 metres. This compactness of height means minimising heat transfer through vertical surfaces of the external skin. Restricting the building height to three stories was a deliberate choice. With maximum ground coverage, this pattern of planning consumes the total permissible FAR with the least possible building height. The advantages are manifold: The energy consumed in transport of materials to heights during construction is minimised. Similarly the energy consumed in conveying water and diesel for the A/C plant on the roof is minimised. A major gain is being able to eliminate the necessity of lifts. Only one 6 passenger elevator is provided for disabled or ill persons and for special guests.

External envelope: It is in the deployment of finishing materials of the building that some gains are affected by conscious choice.

RED AGRA SAND STONE

PRE GRANITE POLISHED STONE

The criteria for choice of materials was that within the constraints of performance specifications demanded of the surface the material should be chosen from the nearest possible source and should call for minimum processing toward converting or installing it. The external cladding is undressed split red Agra sandstone with pre-cast concrete and terrazzo sills and jambs. For office areas floors are pre-polished granite from Jhansi (the nearest source to Delhi). For service areas it is Kota stone. Glass and aluminium are the worst culprits whose areas, sizes and weights are kept to the minimum possible.

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Monitoring and Automation: For the present, automation in the air-conditioning system is limited the solenoid control valves and thermostats to regulate the flow of chilled water to the air handing units and the switching on and off of the absorption chiller units; and for artificial illumination the use of switches on timers.

More sophisticated computerised automation systems were found to be beyond budgetary provisions and of doubtful cost-benefit. However, it is proposed to install a simple monitoring system for illumination and air-conditioning to help in rationalising the systems management routines for the daily as well as the annual cycles of building use.

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Interior view from atrium to work areas

View of courtyard showing monument

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Interior view showing work station

View of Courtyard monument

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Exterior view showing faade

OTHER DETAILS

Client: Transport Corporation of India Ltd. Cost: Rs 55 million Infrastructure (electrical, HVAC, plumbing, lift, fuel oil tank, pumps and tubewells) : Rs 24 million Civil, false ceilling, strong rooms, steel pergola : Rs 30,7 million Landscaping : Rs 0,35 million

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BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.ashoklallarchitects.com/tci http://www.cwejournal.org/wind-field-modifications-in-habitable-urban-areas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportcorporationofindia.ltd https://archnet.org/library/files/files.jsp?keyword=Aga+Khan+Award+for+Architecture

BOOKS ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN MAGAZINE BUILDING FOR HEALTH.pdf

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